JP4667774B2 - 横方向に移動する関節動作制御部を備えた外科器具 - Google Patents
横方向に移動する関節動作制御部を備えた外科器具 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
- A61B17/07207—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
- A61B2017/2926—Details of heads or jaws
- A61B2017/2927—Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
- A61B2017/2926—Details of heads or jaws
- A61B2017/2932—Transmission of forces to jaw members
- A61B2017/2943—Toothed members, e.g. rack and pinion
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B2017/320052—Guides for cutting instruments
Description
関連出願
本願は、それぞれ言及することを以って本明細書の一部とする４つの同時係属中の自己の同時出願に関連する。これらの同時出願の名称は次の通りである。
（１）ケネス・エス・ウェールズ（Kenneth S. Wales）、ダグラス・ビー・ホフマン（Douglas B. Hoffman）、フレデリック・イー・シェルトン４世（Frederick E.Shelton IV）、及びジェフ・スウェイズ（Jeff Swayze）による、「長軸に対して回動させる関節動作機構を備えた外科器具（SURGICAL INSTRUMENT INCORPORATING AN ARTICULATION MECHANISM HAVING ROTATION ABOUT THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS）」。
（２）ダグラス・ビー・ホフマン（Douglas B. Hoffman）による、「発射バーの通路を確保する関節動作接続部を備えた外科用ステープラ（SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT INCORPORATING AN ARTICULATION JOINT FOR A FIRING BAR TRACK）」。
（３）ケネス・エス・ウェールズ（Kenneth S. Wales）及びジョセフ・チャールズ・フエイル（Joseph Charles Hueil）による、「発射バーを支持するための関節動作接続部支持プレートを備えた外科用ステープラ（SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING ARTICULATION JOINT SUPPORT PLATES FOR SUPPORTING A FIRING BAR）」。
（４）フレデリック・イー・シェルトン４世（Frederick E.Shelton IV）、マイク・セッツァー（Mike Setser）、及びブルース・ウエイスンバーグ（Bruce Weisenburgh）による、「関節動作接続部の高い可撓性を得るためにテーパ状発射バーを備えた外科用ステープラ（SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT INCORPORATING A TAPERED FIRING BAR FOR INCREASED FLEXIBILITY AROUND THE ARTICULATION JOINT）」。
本願は、それぞれ言及することを以って本明細書の一部とする４つの同時係属中の自己の同時出願に関連する。これらの同時出願の名称は次の通りである。
（１）ケネス・エス・ウェールズ（Kenneth S. Wales）、ダグラス・ビー・ホフマン（Douglas B. Hoffman）、フレデリック・イー・シェルトン４世（Frederick E.Shelton IV）、及びジェフ・スウェイズ（Jeff Swayze）による、「長軸に対して回動させる関節動作機構を備えた外科器具（SURGICAL INSTRUMENT INCORPORATING AN ARTICULATION MECHANISM HAVING ROTATION ABOUT THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS）」。
（２）ダグラス・ビー・ホフマン（Douglas B. Hoffman）による、「発射バーの通路を確保する関節動作接続部を備えた外科用ステープラ（SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT INCORPORATING AN ARTICULATION JOINT FOR A FIRING BAR TRACK）」。
（３）ケネス・エス・ウェールズ（Kenneth S. Wales）及びジョセフ・チャールズ・フエイル（Joseph Charles Hueil）による、「発射バーを支持するための関節動作接続部支持プレートを備えた外科用ステープラ（SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING ARTICULATION JOINT SUPPORT PLATES FOR SUPPORTING A FIRING BAR）」。
（４）フレデリック・イー・シェルトン４世（Frederick E.Shelton IV）、マイク・セッツァー（Mike Setser）、及びブルース・ウエイスンバーグ（Bruce Weisenburgh）による、「関節動作接続部の高い可撓性を得るためにテーパ状発射バーを備えた外科用ステープラ（SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT INCORPORATING A TAPERED FIRING BAR FOR INCREASED FLEXIBILITY AROUND THE ARTICULATION JOINT）」。
本発明は、外科部位にエンドエフェクタ（例えば、エンドカッター（endocutte）、把持装置、カッター、ステープラ、クリップアプライヤー、アクセス装置、薬物／遺伝子治療送達装置や、超音波、高周波、及びレーザーなどを用いたエネルギー装置）を内視鏡的に挿入するのに適した外科器具に関し、詳細には、関節動作するシャフトを備えたこのような外科器具に関する。
内視鏡外科器具は、切開部が小さく、術後の回復時間が短く、合併症がすくないため、従来の開放外科装置よりも好ましい場合が多い。従って、トロカールのカニューレを介して所望の外科部位に先端エンドエフェクタを正確に配置するのに適した内視鏡外科器具が著しく進歩した。このような先端エンドエフェクタは、診断処置または治療処置（例えば、エンドカッター（endocutte）、把持装置、カッター、ステープラ、クリップアプライヤー、アクセス装置、薬物／遺伝子治療送達装置や、超音波、高周波、及びレーザーなどを用いたエネルギー装置）を行うために様々は方法で組織に係合する。
エンドエフェクタの位置合わせは、トロカールによって制限されている。このような内視鏡外科器具は、通常はエンドエフェクタと外科医が操作するハンドル部分との間に長寸のシャフトを含む。この長寸シャフトにより、所望の深さへの挿入、及びその長軸を中心とした回動を行うことができ、エンドエフェクタをある程度満足のいく位置合わせが可能である。例えば、トロカールの慎重な配置と別のトロカールを介した把持装置の使用により、ある程度満足のいく位置合わせが十分に可能である。特許文献１に開示されているような外科用ステープラ／切断器具は、挿入と回動によりエンドエフェクタを適切に配置できる内視鏡外科器具の例である。
手術の性質によっては、内視鏡外科器具のエンドエフェクタの位置合わせを挿入と回動に限定しないで更に調整するのが好ましい場合がある。具体的には、器具のシャフトの長軸に直交する軸にエンドエフェクタを向けるのが好ましい場合がよくある。器具のシャフトに対してエンドエフェクタが直交する方向へ移動することは、従来から「関節動作（articulation）」と呼ばれている。このような関節動作による位置合わせにより、医師が組織に容易に係合させることができるようなる。加えて、関節動作位置合わせにより、器具のシャフトに遮られずに、内視鏡をエンドエフェクタの後側に配置できるという利点が得られる。
上記した非関節動作外科用ステープラ／切断器具は、有用性が高く様々な外科処置に利用することができるが、使用における臨床上の高い柔軟性が得られるようにエンドエフェクタの関節動作を可能にして操作性を高めることが望ましい。これを受けて、上記した４つの関連出願に、回動動作により外科用ステープラ／切断器具のエンドエフェクタを関節動作させることが開示されている。医師が器具のシャフトのベース部にある外部制御部を回動させて関節動作させることができる。他の関節動作外科器具では、関節動作は、長手方向の移動として関節動作接続部に伝達される長手方向の操作または回動操作によって行われる。例えば、特許文献２に、段付きカムドライバスロットに機能的に接続された回動制御部が開示されている。制御部の回動動作により、段付きカムドライバスロットを横方向に備えた中間部品が移動し、エンドエフェクタが関節動作する。
関節動作制御部により目的の機能を果たすことができるが、更に好適な関節動作制御部により更なる利点が得られると考えられる。例えば、関節動作の方向や程度について関節動作制御部による視覚的な表示や触覚を医師が感覚的に理解できるのが好ましい。加えて、医師が容易に調節できるが、関節動作の角度を不所望に変えるようなエンドエフェクタに対する力には影響を受けない関節動作制御部が望ましい。更に、回動動作をシャフトに伝えて関節動作させる整形外科用ステープラ／切断器具に特に適した関節動作制御部のある形態が要望されている。
米国特許第５，４６５，８９５号明細書
米国特許第６，２４１，１３９号明細書
従って、外科器具用の改良された関節動作制御部が強く要望されている。
本発明は、使用者がエンドエフェクタの関節動作の感覚的に制御できる横方向関節動作制御部を備えた関節動作外科器具を提供することで、当分野の上記した及び他の欠点を解消する。このような外科器具は、エンドエフェクタがカニューレ通路を介して外科部位に送られる内視鏡的使用に特に有用である。所望の向きで外科部位に到達した後の他の組織の後側への挿入は、シャフトの長軸からエンドエフェクタを関節動作させると容易になる。このような操作は、エンドエフェクタの関節動作の向き及び程度を感覚的に示す横方向関節動作制御部によって助けられる。
本発明の一態様は、カニューレ通路を介してシャフトを挿入して診断処置または治療処置を実施するために外科部位でエンドエフェクタの位置合わせをする外科器具である。シャフトは、医師がエンドエフェクタをシャフトの長軸から関節動作させることができる関節動作伝達部材を含む。このエンドエフェクタの関節動作は、エンドエフェクタをシャフトの先端部に回動可能に接続する関節動作機構を操作して行う。使用者が操作部を横方向に移動させると、シャフトによって伝達される関節動作が起こる。この横方向の運動は、運動変換機構によって関節動作に変換される。従って、使用者は、エンドエフェクタがどの方向に関節運動したか及びその程度を観察できる。
本発明の別の態様では、外科器具が、回動動作に応答する関節動作機構によってエンドエフェクタの関節動作を行う。横方向関節動作制御部が、横方向の運動を、シャフトを介して関節動作機構に伝達される回動動作に変換するため、使用者が感覚的に制御することができる。
本発明の更に別の態様は、発射動作、閉止動作、及び関節動作の３つの動作をエンドエフェクタに伝達してステープル止め及び切断などの動作を内視鏡的に行うのに適した外科器具である。使用者が横方向の関節動作制御部を移動させて、エンドエフェクタが回動する関節動作を引き起こすことができる。エンドエフェクタを内視鏡で遠隔的に観察できるが、器具の使用者の向きとは異なるため、エンドエフェクタの関節動作の向き及び程度を視覚化するのが複雑になってしまう。しかしながら、器具のハンドルに近接した横方向の関節動作制御部により使用者が確認することができる。
本発明のこれら及び他の目的及び利点は、添付の図面及び以下の説明から明らかになるであろう。
外科器具用の改良された関節動作制御部が提供される。
本願に含まれ、本願の一部を成す本発明の例示的な実施形態を例示する添付の図面、上記した本発明の要約、並びに後述する実施形態の詳細な説明から、本発明の原理を理解できよう。
各図において、同様の参照符号は同様の構成要素を指すものとする。図１−図３を参照すると、本発明固有の利点を実施することができる外科器具が示されている。この外科器器具は、例示的な実施形態では外科用ステープラ／切断器具１０である。具体的には、外科用ステープラ／切断器具１０は、図１に示されているような関節動作していない状態で、外科処置を実施するためにトロカールカニューレ通路内に挿入して患者の外科部位まで進める。関節動作機構１１及び先端側に取り付けられたエンドエフェクタ１２をカニューレ通路内に挿入したら、図２に示されているように、関節動作制御部１３によって遠隔的に関節動作機構１１を関節動作させることができる。従って、エンドエフェクタ１２は、器官の後側に到達させたり、所望の角度で組織に接近したり、または別の理由のために関節動作させることができる。例えば、クランプした組織を切断するＥビーム発射バー１４（図３）として示されている発射機構が、細長い溝形部材１６及び回動可能に取り付けられたアンビル１８に係合する。
外科用ステープラ／切断器具１０は、実施部分２２に接続されたハンドル部分２０を含む。実施部分２２は、関節動作機構１１及びエンドエフェクタ１２まで先端方向に延びたシャフト２３を含む。ハンドル部分２０は、ピストルグリップ２４を含む。医師がこのピストルグリップ２４に対して閉止トリガ２６を回動式に引くと、アンビル１８がエンドエフェクタ１２の細長い溝形部材１６にクランプし閉止する。発射トリガ２８が、閉止トリガ２６から離間して設けられており、医師がこの発射トリガ２８を回動式に引くと、エンドエフェクタ１２内にクランプされた組織がステープル止め及び切断される。次いで、解放ボタン３０を押してクランプされた組織を解放することができる。
シャフト２３の最も外側の閉止スリーブ３２が、閉止トリガ２６に応答して長手方向に移動し、アンビル１８が回動して閉止する。具体的には、関節動作機構１１に対して先端側の部分すなわち閉止スリーブ３２の閉止リング３３が、実施部分２２のフレーム３４（関節動作機構１１に部分的に示されている）によって間接的に支持されている。関節動作機構１１において、閉止スリーブ３２の基端部分すなわち閉止チューブ３５が先端部分（閉止リング）３３に接続されている。フレーム３４が、細長い溝形部材１６に対して回動すなわち同一平面内で関節動作できるように、関節動作機構１１を介してその溝形部材１６に取り付けられている。フレーム３４はまた、発射動作を発射トリガ２８から発射バー１４に伝達する発射駆動部材３６を長手方向にスライド可能に支持している。図３には発射駆動部材３６の発射バー１４のみが示されているが、様々な形態の回動により制御される関節動作機構１１に関連して発射駆動部材３６を以下に詳細に説明する。
用語「基端側」及び「先端側」は、器具のハンドルを把持している医師に対して用いられることを理解されたい。従って、エンドエフェクタ１２は、基端側ハンドル部分２０に対して先端側にある。更に簡潔かつ明確にするために、空間の用語「垂直」及び「水平」は図面に対して用いられる。しかしながら、外科器具は様々な向き及び位置で用いられ、これらの用語が限定及び絶対を意味するものではない。
Ｅビーム発射バー
図３−図５を参照すると、複数の機能を果たすべくＥビーム発射バー１４を採用したエンドエフェクタ１２が示されている。図３では、発射バー１４が基端側に配置されているため、未使用のステープルカートリッジ３７を細長い溝形部材１６内に装着することができる。詳細には、発射バー１４の上部ピン３８が、アンビルポケット４０として示されている凹部内に受容されているため、アンビル１８を繰り返し開閉することができる。図４に示されているようにエンドエフェクタが閉じた状態では、上部ピン３８が長手方向のアンビルスロット４２内に進入して、発射バー１４がアンビル１８に係合して前進することができる。発射バー１４が溝形部材のスロット４５内に延在することにより、最も下のピンすなわち発射バーキャップ４４が細長い溝形部材１６の下面に係合する。中間ピン４６が、発射バーキャップ４４と協働して細長い溝形部材１６の上面にスライド可能に係合する。従って、発射バー１４が発射中のエンドエフェクタ１２の間隔を確実に維持し、クランプされた組織の量が過少な場合に起こる締め付けや、クランプされた組織の量が過剰な場合に起こるステープル留め不良が防止される。
図３−図５を参照すると、複数の機能を果たすべくＥビーム発射バー１４を採用したエンドエフェクタ１２が示されている。図３では、発射バー１４が基端側に配置されているため、未使用のステープルカートリッジ３７を細長い溝形部材１６内に装着することができる。詳細には、発射バー１４の上部ピン３８が、アンビルポケット４０として示されている凹部内に受容されているため、アンビル１８を繰り返し開閉することができる。図４に示されているようにエンドエフェクタが閉じた状態では、上部ピン３８が長手方向のアンビルスロット４２内に進入して、発射バー１４がアンビル１８に係合して前進することができる。発射バー１４が溝形部材のスロット４５内に延在することにより、最も下のピンすなわち発射バーキャップ４４が細長い溝形部材１６の下面に係合する。中間ピン４６が、発射バーキャップ４４と協働して細長い溝形部材１６の上面にスライド可能に係合する。従って、発射バー１４が発射中のエンドエフェクタ１２の間隔を確実に維持し、クランプされた組織の量が過少な場合に起こる締め付けや、クランプされた組織の量が過剰な場合に起こるステープル留め不良が防止される。
発射中に、発射バーの上部ピン３８と中間ピン４６との間の先端方向を向いた切断縁４８が、ステープルカートリッジ３７の基端方向を向いた垂直スロット４９内に進入して、ステープルカートリッジ３７とアンビル１８との間にクランプされた組織を切断する。図４に示されているように、中間ピン４６が、ステープルカートリッジ３７内の発射スロット内に進入して、ステープルカートリッジ３７が作動し、ウェッジスレッド４１が上昇してステープルドライバ４３とカム接触し、次いでステープルドライバ４３が、複数のステープル４７をステープルカートリッジ３７のステープル開口５１から押し出してアンビル１８の内面のステープルポケット５３に接触させ、ステープルが成形される。図５を参照すると、組織の切断及びステープル止めを完全に完了し、先端側に移動した発射バー１４が示されている。
２軸ハンドル
図６‐図７を参照すると、ガラス充填ポリカーボネートなどのポリマー材料から成形された第１のベース部分５０及び第２のベース部分５２から構成されるハンドル部分２０が示されている。第１のベース部分５０は、複数の円筒状のピン５４を備えている。第２のベース部分５２は、それぞれが六角形の開口５８を備えた複数の延出部材５６を含む。円筒状のピン５４は、六角形の開口５８内に受容されて摩擦により保持され、これにより、第１のベース部分５０と第２のベース部分５２の組立てが維持される。
図６‐図７を参照すると、ガラス充填ポリカーボネートなどのポリマー材料から成形された第１のベース部分５０及び第２のベース部分５２から構成されるハンドル部分２０が示されている。第１のベース部分５０は、複数の円筒状のピン５４を備えている。第２のベース部分５２は、それぞれが六角形の開口５８を備えた複数の延出部材５６を含む。円筒状のピン５４は、六角形の開口５８内に受容されて摩擦により保持され、これにより、第１のベース部分５０と第２のベース部分５２の組立てが維持される。
ハウジングキャップ６０が貫通孔６２を備え、これにより、実施部分２２に係合してその長手方向の軸を中心に実施部分２２を回動させることができる。ハウジングキャップ６０は、貫通孔６２の少なくとも一部に沿って内側に延びたボス６４を含む。このボス６４が、閉止スリーブ３２の基端部に形成された長手方向のスロット６６内に受容され、ハウジングキャップ６０の回動により閉止スリーブ３２が回動する。ボス６４は更に、フレーム３４を貫通して発射駆動部材３６の一部に接触して、その発射駆動部材３６を回動させることを理解されたい。従って、エンドエフェクタ１２（図３‐図４には不図示）はハウジングキャップ６０と共に回動する。
フレーム３４の基端部６８は、ハウジングキャップ６０内を通って基端方向に延びており、ベース部分５０及びベース部分５２のそれぞれから延びた対向した溝形部材固定部材７２に係合する外周ノッチ７０を備えている。第２のベース部分５２の溝形部材固定部材７２のみが示されている。ベース部分５０及び５２から延びた溝形部材固定部材７２は、フレーム３４がハンドル部分２０に対して長手方向に移動しないようにフレーム３４をハンドル部分２０に固定する役割を果たしている。
閉止トリガ２６は、ハンドル部分７４、歯車部分７６、及び中間部分７８を有する。孔８０が中間部分７８を貫通している。第２のベース部分５２から延びた円柱状支持部材８２が孔８２を通り、閉止トリガ２６がハンドル部分２０に回動可能に取り付けられている。第２のベース部分５２から延びた第２の円柱支持部材８３が発射トリガ２８の孔８１を通り、発射トリガに２８がハンドル部分２０に回動可能に取り付けられている。円筒状支持部材８３に六角形の開口８４が形成されており、この開口８４が第１のベース部分５０から延びた固定ピン（不図示）を受容する。
閉止ヨーク８６が、往復運動可能にハンドル部分２０内に受容されており、閉止トリガ２６から閉止スリーブ３２に運動を伝達する役割を果たす。第２のベース部分５２から延びた支持部材８８とヨーク８６における凹部８９を貫通する固定部材７２とによって、ヨーク８６がハンドル部分２０の内部に支持されている。
閉止スリーブ３２の基端部９０にフランジ９２が設けられており、このフランジ９２がヨーク８６の先端部９６に形成された受容凹部９４内にスナップフィットする。ヨーク８６の基端部９８は、閉止トリガ２６の歯車部分７６に係合したギアラック１００を有する。閉止トリガ２６がハンドル部分２０のピストルグリップ２６に向かって移動すると、ヨーク８６、従って閉止スリーブ３２が先端側に移動して、ヨーク８６を基端側に付勢しているばね１０２を圧縮する。詳細は後述するが、閉止スリーブ３２の先端側への移動により、エンドエフェクタ１２の細長い溝形部材１６に向かって先端側にアンビル１８が回動伝達運動し、基端側への運動によりエンドエフェクタ１２が閉じる。
閉止トリガ２６は、発射トリガ２８の係合面１２８と相互作用する前面１３０によって開位置に前方に付勢されている。ハンドル部分２０の上部から後部にピン１０６を中心に回動する第１のクランプフック１０４により、発射トリガ２８は、閉止トリガ２６が閉止位置にクランプされるまでピストルグリップ２４へ向かった動きが制限されている。フック１０４は、発射トリガ２８のロックアウトピン１０７に係合して発射トリガ２８の動きを制限する。フック１０４はまた、閉止トリガ２６と接触している。具体的には、フック１０４の前方突出部１０８が閉止トリガ２６の中間部分７８上の部材１１０に係合している。部材１１０は、ハンドル部分７４に向かって孔８０の外側にある。フック１０４は、解放ばね１１２によって付勢され、閉止トリガ２６の部材１１０に接触して発射トリガ２８のロックアウトピン１０７に係合している。閉止トリガ２６が押されると、フック１０４が上部から後部に移動し、フック１０４の後方突出部１１４と解放ボタン３０の前方突出部１１６との間に配設された解放ばね１１２が圧縮される。
ヨーク８６が閉止トリガ２６の基端側への移動に応答して先端側に移動すると、解放ボタン３０の上部ラッチアーム１１８が、ヨーク８６の基端部下側の上方を向いた凹部１２２内に落下するまで、ヨーク８６の上面１２０に沿って移動する。解放ばね１１２により解放ボタン３０が外側に押され、これにより上部ラッチアーム１１８が下方に回動して上側を向いた凹部１２２内に係合し、閉止トリガ２６が組織クランプ位置に固定される。
解放ボタン３０を内側に押して、ラッチアーム１１８を凹部１２２から出してアンビル１８を解放することができる。具体的には、上部ラッチアーム１１８が第２のベース部分５２のピン１２３を中心に上方に回動する。次いでヨーク８６が、閉止トリガ２６の戻る動きに応答して基端側に移動する。
発射トリガ戻りばね１２４が、ハンドル部分２０内に配置されており、一端が第２のベース部分５２のピン１０６に取り付けられ、他端が発射トリガ２８上のピン１２６に取り付けられている。発射トリガ戻りばね１２４は、ピン１２６に戻る力を付与して、発射トリガ２８をハンドル部分２０のピストルグリップ２４から離れる方向に付勢している。閉止トリガ２６もまた、その前面１３０を付勢している発射トリガ２８の係合面１２８によってピストルグリップ２４から離れる方向に付勢されている。
閉止トリガ２６がピストルグリップ２４に向かって移動すると、前面１３０が発射トリガ２８上の係合面１２８に係合し、これにより発射トリガ２８が発射位置に移動する。この発射位置では、発射トリガ２８がピストルグリップ２４に対して約４５度の角度をなしている。ステープルを発射した後、発射トリガ２８が、ばね１２４によって初めの位置に戻る。発射トリガ２８が戻る時に、その係合面１２８が閉止トリガ２６の前面１３０を押し、これにより閉止トリガ２６が元の位置に戻る。ストッパー部材１３２が、閉止トリガ２６がその初めの位置を越えて回動しないように第２のベース部分５２から延出している。
外科用ステープラ／切断器具１０は更に、往復運動部分１３４、マルチプライヤ１３６、及び駆動部材１３８を含む。往復運動部分１３４は、実施部分２２におけるウェッジスレッド（図６‐図７には不図示）及び金属製駆動ロッド１４０を含む。
駆動部材１３８は、第１のギアラック１４１及び第２のギアラック１４２を含む。第１のノッチ１４４が、駆動部材１３８の第１のギアラック１４１と第２のギアラック１４２との中間に設けられている。発射トリガ２８が戻る時に、ステープル発射後に駆動部材１３８をその初めの位置に戻すべく、発射トリガ２８の歯１４６が第１のノッチ１４４に係合する。第２のノッチ１４８が、金属製駆動ロッド１４０の基端部に設けられており、これにより金属製駆動ロッド１４０を、発射しない位置にある解放ボタン３０の上部ラッチアーム１１８に固定することができる。
マルチプライヤ１３６は、第１の一体型ピニオンギア１５０および第２の一体型ピニオンギア１５２を含む。第１の一体型ピニオンギア１５０は、金属製駆動ロッド１４０に設けられた第１のギアラック１５４に係合している。第２の一体型ピニオンギア１５２は、駆動部材１３８の第１のギアラック１４１に係合している。第１の一体型ピニオンギア１５０は、第１の直径を有し、第２の一体型ピニオンギア１５２は、第１の直径よりも小さい第２の直径を有する。
回動関節動作制御
図６‐図９を参照すると、ハンドル部分２０に、実施部分２２を外科器具１０の長軸を中心に回動させ、その長軸に対して所定の角度にエンドエフェクタ１２を関節動作させる関節動作制御部１３が組み込まれている。中空の関節動作駆動チューブ２００が、閉止スリーブ３２内に同軸的に配置され、関節動作レバー２０２に機能的に接続されているため、関節動作レバー２０２の回動により、チューブ２００が長軸を中心に回動し、これにより閉止リング２５０及びエンドエフェクタ１２が直角に回動すなわち関節動作する。この閉止リング２５０の関節動作は、医師が観察しながら操作する作動レバー２０２の回動の角度及び向きに一致する。例示されている形態では、この関係は１：１であり、作動レバー２０２の回動の角度が、シャフト２３の長軸からの回動の角度に一致し、これにより医師が感覚的に回動の角度を知ることができる。他の角度の関係も選択できることを理解されたい。
図６‐図９を参照すると、ハンドル部分２０に、実施部分２２を外科器具１０の長軸を中心に回動させ、その長軸に対して所定の角度にエンドエフェクタ１２を関節動作させる関節動作制御部１３が組み込まれている。中空の関節動作駆動チューブ２００が、閉止スリーブ３２内に同軸的に配置され、関節動作レバー２０２に機能的に接続されているため、関節動作レバー２０２の回動により、チューブ２００が長軸を中心に回動し、これにより閉止リング２５０及びエンドエフェクタ１２が直角に回動すなわち関節動作する。この閉止リング２５０の関節動作は、医師が観察しながら操作する作動レバー２０２の回動の角度及び向きに一致する。例示されている形態では、この関係は１：１であり、作動レバー２０２の回動の角度が、シャフト２３の長軸からの回動の角度に一致し、これにより医師が感覚的に回動の角度を知ることができる。他の角度の関係も選択できることを理解されたい。
関節動作制御部１３は、ハウジングキャップ６０に取り付けられた鏡像である一対の関節動作伝達ハウジング２０４を含む。更に、関節動作伝達ハウジング２０４は、長手方向に整合した外部タブ２０６を含む。医師がこの外部タブ２０６をねじって、関節動作伝達ハウジング２０４を回動させ、従ってエンドエフェクタ１２を実施部分２２の長軸に対して回動させることができる。作動レバー２０２が、シャフト２３０に対して垂直に上方に開口した円筒状凹部２１０内に受容された円筒状関節動作本体２０８に取り付けられている。関節動作本体２０８の下端部分は、シャフト２３に近接した関節動作伝達ハウジング２０８の開口２１４内にスナップフィットするプロング２１２を含む。このプロング２１２が、関節動作本体２０８が円筒状凹部２１０から引き戻されるのを防止している。
環状の歯２１６が、関節動作本体２０８の下側部分の周りに配置され、関節動作ヨーク２２０の歯２１８と噛合している。関節動作ヨーク２２０は、閉止スリーブ３２に形成された関節動作長方形窓２２２に亘って延在している。閉止スリーブ３２は、エンドエフェクタ１２を開閉するために、関節動作制御部１３内をスライド式に長手方向に移動可能である。関節動作駆動チューブ２００が、固定された関節動作制御部１３に対して閉止スリーブ３２と共に長手方向に移動する。窓２２２が、関節動作ヨーク２２０から内向きに延びたボス２２４にクリアランスを提供する。ボス２２４は長方形の窓２２２を介して関節動作駆動チューブ２００のスロット２２６に係合し、回動動作のために関節動作駆動チューブ２００を長手方向に位置合わせする。中空の関節動作駆動チューブ２００が、関節動作機構１１から閉止スリーブ３２内を経て、閉止スリーブ３２の固定タブ２２７の手前まで延びている。タブ２２７は、関節動作駆動チューブ２００の基端面の後側で内側に曲がっており、これにより関節動作駆動チューブ２００がシャフト２３内に保持される。
関節動作伝達ハウジング２０４がシャフト２３の閉止チューブ３５に機能的に接続されていることを理解されたい。組み立てられたベース部分５０及び５２の先端開口の円形の内側を向いたリップ２３０に係合する外周溝２２８をハウジングキャップ６０の基端側に設け、ハウジングキャップ６０により、関節動作ヨーク２２０を関節動作伝達ハウジング２０４内に維持し、関節動作制御部１３をハンドル部分２０内に維持することができる。
図１０及び図１１を参照すると、図１及び図２の歯車関節動作機構１１が平歯車関節動作機構２４０として示されている。平歯車関節動作機構２４０は上記したものと概ね同じであるが、関節動作機構２４０の他側に追加の関節動作駆動要素を備えているため性能が向上している。関節動作機構２４０は、閉止スリーブ３２内に同軸的に配置された回動可能な中空の関節動作駆動チューブ２４２を含む。この関節動作駆動チューブ２４２は、第１の外周部２４６の周りに設けられた先端側に突出した歯車部分２４４を含む。歯車部分２４４は、閉止リング２５０に取り付けられ、そこから基端側に突出した平歯車２４８と噛合している。この平歯車２４８は、閉止スリーブ３２から先端側に突出した第１の回動点２５２及び第２の回動点２６０を通るピン２５３を中心に回動する。従って、関節動作回動軸が、第１の回動点２５２及び第２の回動点２６０を通り、ピン２５３により、閉止リング２５０が閉止スリーブ３２に回動可能に接続されている。駆動チューブ２４２の回動により、歯車部分２４４と平歯車２４８が係合し、閉止リング２５０が第１の回動点２５２及び第２の回動点２６０を中心に関節動作する。
中空の関節動作駆動チューブ２４２と閉止リング２５０との有効な歯車接触面積を増大させるために、関節動作駆動チューブ２４２の第２の外周部２５４が、そこから先端側に面して凹んだ歯車部分２５６を有する。歯車部分２５６は、フレーム３４によって回動可能に支持された逆転歯車２６２によって、閉止リング２５０の反対側から基端方向に突出した第２の平歯車２５８に機能的に接続されている。逆転歯車２６２は、一側が凹んだ先端側に突出した歯車部分２５６に係合し、他側が閉止リング２５０の第２の平歯車２５８に係合している。
閉止トリガ２６を引くと、中空の関節動作駆動チューブ２４２及び回動可能に取り付けられた閉止スリーブ３２の閉止チューブ３５が先端側に移動してアンビル１８が閉じる。閉止スリーブ３２の閉止チューブ３５は、平歯車２４８及び２５８の中心のピボット孔２６４及び２６６にピン止めされた回動点２５２及び２６０とこれらの間に延在するフレーム開口２６８によって閉止リング３３から離間している。フレーム開口２６８は、関節動作中に閉止リング３３の基端部と閉止スリーブ３２の閉止チューブの先端部が接触しないように隙間を提供している。
図１１に、平歯車関節動作機構２４０を含む実施部分２７０の分解図が示されている。フレーム２７２は、回動式に係合するフレーム基端部のブシュ２７４を用いてハンドル部分２０（図１及び図２を参照）に長手方向に取り付けることができる。フレーム２７２の中心に整合した長手方向の開口２７８によって形成されたフレーム溝２７６が、このフレーム溝２７６内を長手方向にスライドする発射コネクタ２８０よりも長い。発射コネクタ２８０の基端部が、金属製駆動バー１４０（図６を参照）の先端部にねじ込み式に係合する。発射コネクタ２８０の先端部にはスロット２８２が形成されており、そのスロット内に発射バー１４の基端部が挿入されピン２８４で止められる。発射バー１４の先端側部分は、関節動作フレーム部材２９０とフレーム２７２の両方に係合した発射バースロットガイド２８８の下側溝２８６内に配置されている。
関節動作フレーム部材２９０は、細長い溝形部材１６の基端部分の取付けカラー２９４に取り付けられる溝形部材固定部材２９２を有する。発射バー１４は、関節動作フレーム部材２９０の下側スロット２９５内を通過する。関節動作フレーム部材２９０は、発射バースロットガイド２８８によってフレーム２７２の先端部から離間し、弾性コネクタ２９６によってそのフレーム先端部に関節動作のために回動可能に取り付けられている。弾性コネクタ２９６の拡張基端部２９８が、フレーム２７２の先端部を先端側に接続する上側凹部３００に係合し、その拡張先端部３０２が、関節動作フレーム部材２９０を基端側に接続する上側凹部３０４に係合する。従って、細長い溝形部材１６が、可撓性部分が介在してハンドル部分２０に接続される。
細長い溝形部材１６はまた、アンビル１８のアンビルピボット３０８を回動可能に受容するアンビルカムスロット３０６を有する。関節動作フレーム部材２９０を覆う閉止リング２５０の先端側にタブ３１０が設けられており、このタブ３１０が、アンビル１８上のアンビルピボット３０８に近接したその先端側のアンビルフィーチャー３１２に係合してアンビルを開くことができる。閉止リング２５０が前進すると、その先端側の閉止面３１４が、アンビル１８のタブ３１２の先端側に位置する傾斜した柱状閉止面３１６に接触する。このカム動作により、アンビルが下降して閉じ、閉止リング２５０の閉止面３１４がアンビル１８の平坦な柱状面３１８に接触する。
関節動作機構の横方向−長手方向の制御
図１２を参照すると、外科器具４０２のための横方向関節動作制御部４００が例示されている。横方向関節動作制御部４００は、関節動作制御ロッド４０６の長手方向の移動により回動する関節動作機構４０４を備えている。エンドエフェクタ４０８が、上記した要領と同様にピボット４１２によってシャフト組立体４１０に接続されている。ただし、この接続には、歯車及び回動関節動作駆動チューブが用いられていない。唯一のピボット４１２が示されているが、この第１のピボット４１２の軸に沿ってもう１つのピボットが形成されており、これによりエンドエフェクタ４０８の他の側面がシャフト組立体４１０に接続されていることを理解されたい。関節動作開口４１４が、シャフト組立体４１０の先端部４１８及びエンドエフェクタ４０８の基端部４２０の両方の端部から離間するように延出したピボット４１２によって形成されている。関節動作開口４１４の大きさは、所望の最大許容関節動作が可能となるように回動軸の側面の周りに半径方向に画定されている。
図１２を参照すると、外科器具４０２のための横方向関節動作制御部４００が例示されている。横方向関節動作制御部４００は、関節動作制御ロッド４０６の長手方向の移動により回動する関節動作機構４０４を備えている。エンドエフェクタ４０８が、上記した要領と同様にピボット４１２によってシャフト組立体４１０に接続されている。ただし、この接続には、歯車及び回動関節動作駆動チューブが用いられていない。唯一のピボット４１２が示されているが、この第１のピボット４１２の軸に沿ってもう１つのピボットが形成されており、これによりエンドエフェクタ４０８の他の側面がシャフト組立体４１０に接続されていることを理解されたい。関節動作開口４１４が、シャフト組立体４１０の先端部４１８及びエンドエフェクタ４０８の基端部４２０の両方の端部から離間するように延出したピボット４１２によって形成されている。関節動作開口４１４の大きさは、所望の最大許容関節動作が可能となるように回動軸の側面の周りに半径方向に画定されている。
横方向制御操作部４２６を示すためにシャフト組立体４１０から先端方向に取り外されたノブ４２４が示されている。この横方向制御操作部４２６は、ノブ４２４の両側の開口４２８を通って横方向に延在する。横方向制御操作部４２６の中心部分４３０が、基端側に向いたラック４３２を有する。このラック４３２は、垂直方向に整合した細長い歯車４３８の上側部分４３６に噛合する垂直方向に整合した歯４３４を有する。垂直方向に整合した細長い歯車４３８の下側部分４４０が、基端側が関節動作制御ロッド４０６に連結された右側を向いたラック４４２に噛合している。
従って、横方向制御操作部４２６が左側に移動すると、基端側を向いたラック４３２により細長い歯車４３８が上方から見て反時計回りに回動し、右側に面したラック４４２が基端側に移動して、関節動作制御ロッド４０６を基端側に引き戻す。従って、関節動作制御ロッド４０６がピボット４１２の左側に位置するエンドエフェクタの基端部４２０のピン４４４に取り付けられているため、エンドエフェクタ４０８が左に回動する。
様々な他の横方向から長手方向への歯車機構を利用できることを理解されたい。例えば、ラック４３２及び４４２の両方が上記したそれぞれの噛合に対して反対側から細長い歯車４３８に噛合するようにして、同様の結果を得ることができる。更に、長手方向の制御ロッド４０６の取付けを左のピボットから右側に替えて、２つの噛合の内の一方のみの噛合を逆にすることができる。更なる別法では、これら３つの向きの１つ或いは３つ全ての向きをそれぞれの反対側の構造に変更して制御を逆にし、横方向制御操作部４２６と反対方向にエンドエフェクタ４０８が関節動作するようにできる。
上記した横方向から長手方向へ変換する歯車機構が、回動軸に直角なエンドエフェクタ４０８に対する長手方向の制御ロッド４０６のピン４４４における回動接続の距離に相関して一定の関節動作を引き起こす。横方向制御操作部４２６の移動に対する様々な程度の関節動作が、横方向制御操作部４２６のラック４３２と長手方向の制御ロッド４０６に連結されたラック４４２の歯車の関係を変更して達成できる。例えば、細長い歯車４３８が、その下側部分の直径と異なった直径の上側部分を有するようにできる。
関節動作機構の横方向−回動の制御
図１３−図１６を参照すると、図１１に示されたものと同様に感覚的な制御構造を医師に提供する関節動作外科器具５０２に用いられる横方向関節動作制御部５００が示されている。具体的には、横方向関節動作制御部５００が、横方向の移動を回動動作に変換する。この回動動作は、関節動作駆動チューブ５０４によって関節動作機構（図１３−図１６には不図示）に伝達される。関節動作駆動チューブ５０４の上面の長手方向に整合した溝５１２に噛合するように、歯が下側に延出したラック５０６が、横方向制御アクチューター５１０の下側５０８に取り付けられている。
図１３−図１６を参照すると、図１１に示されたものと同様に感覚的な制御構造を医師に提供する関節動作外科器具５０２に用いられる横方向関節動作制御部５００が示されている。具体的には、横方向関節動作制御部５００が、横方向の移動を回動動作に変換する。この回動動作は、関節動作駆動チューブ５０４によって関節動作機構（図１３−図１６には不図示）に伝達される。関節動作駆動チューブ５０４の上面の長手方向に整合した溝５１２に噛合するように、歯が下側に延出したラック５０６が、横方向制御アクチューター５１０の下側５０８に取り付けられている。
エンドエフェクタ（図１３−図１６には不図示）に力がかかった時に関節動作の程度が変わらないように、関節動作逆作動防止装置５１６が横方向関節動作制御部５００に設けられているという利点がある。具体的には、ラックプレート５１８が、関節動作制御操作部５１０とラック５０６との間に配設されている。ラックプレート５１８は、Ｘ形の可撓性ロック部材５２２を受容する中心開口５２０を備えている。関節動作制御操作部５１０は、ラックプレート５１８の中心開口５２０内に下方に延びた２つの変形用ブレード５２４および５２６を含む。これらの変形用ブレード５２４及び５２６はそれぞれ、図１５及び図１６の平面図において、Ｘ形ロック部材５２２によって画定された先端側４分の１部分及び基端側４分の１部分内に配置されている。ラック５０６は、ラックプレート５１８の中心開口５２０内に上方に延びた２つの駆動ブレード５３２及び５３４を含む。これらの駆動ブレード５３２及び５３４はそれぞれ、Ｘ形ロック部材５２２によって画定された左側４分の１部分及び右側４分の１部分内に配置されている。ラックプレート５１８の中心開口５２０は概ね長方形として示されているが、それぞれが内側を向いて長手方向に整合した当接面５４２を有する傾斜した歯５４０を備えている。これらの傾斜した歯５４０は、Ｘ形ロック部材５２２の右先端側アーム５５０及び左先端側アーム５５２にラチェット式に接触するように、先端縁５４８の右側部分５４４及び左側部分５４６に沿って配置されている。傾斜した歯５４０はまた、Ｘ形ロック部材５２２の右基端側アーム５６０及び左基端側アーム５６２にラチェット式に接触するように、長方形の窓５２０の基端縁５５８の右側部分５５４及び左側部分５５６に沿って配置されている。
図１４に例示されているように、ラックフレーム５１８がノブ５６４に取り付けられているため、関節動作制御操作部５１０またはラック５０６と共には横方向に移動しない。関節動作制御操作部５１０の横方向の移動は、ラックフレーム５１８の長方形の窓５２０の内側に形成された関節動作逆作動防止装置５１６によって伝達される。これとは逆に、関節動作駆動チューブ５０４、従ってラック５０６の逆向きの横方向の移動は、関節動作逆作動防止機構５１６の作用により、ラックフレーム５１８内及びノブ５６０内で止められる。従って、関節動作駆動チューブ５０４の運動は阻止される。
使用する場合、図１５に示されているように、横方向関節制御部５００を中心に合わせると、関節動作制御操作部５１０の右端部５６６及び左端部５６８が等しく延出し、医師がこれを視認できる。変形用ブレード５２４及び５２６が、Ｘ形ロック部材５２２の中心に位置し、アーム５５０、５５２、５６０、及び５６２に力がかかっていない。アーム５５０、５５２、５６０、及び５６２は、圧縮されていない状態で延在し、傾斜した歯５４０に接触し、Ｘ形ロック部材５２２の横方向の移動を防止する。関節動作駆動チューブ５０４からラック５０６を介して駆動ブレード５３２及び５３４に伝達される横方向の力は、Ｘ形ロック部材５２２を介してラック５０６に伝わり、移動が防止される。
これとは反対に、図１６に示されているように、医師が関節動作制御操作部５１０を一側に移動させると、変形用ブレード５２４及び５２６が一対の基端側アーム及び先端側アーム（図１６では左側）に接触し、その対を長方形の窓５２０から離間する方向に圧縮する。従って、Ｘ形ロック部材５２２がその方向に移動し、これと共に後側のアームの対（例えば、図１６の右側アーム５５０及び５６０）がラチェット式に移動する。この横方向の運動は、前側のアーム５５２及び５６２が図示されているように長方形の窓５２０の側面に到達するまで続く。ラック５０６の駆動ブレード５３２及び５３４がＸ形ロック部材５２２と共に移動し、これに応じてエンドエフェクタ（図１６には不図示）が関節動作する。
本発明は、内視鏡処置及び装置について説明してきたが、ここで用いる「内視鏡」などの用語は、本発明を、単に内視鏡チューブ（すなわちトロカール）を用いた外科用ステープラ／切断器具に限定すると解釈すべきものではない。むしろ本発明は、限定するものではないが開放手術はもちろん、腹腔鏡処置を含め、アクセスが小さな切開部に限定されるあらゆる外科処置に用いることができると考えられる。
複数の実施形態の詳細な記載によって本発明を例示したが、出願者は、添付の特許請求の範囲がこのような詳細な記載に限定されることを意図したものではない。当業者であれば、更なる利点及び変更形態が明らかであろう。
更に別の例では、ここに記載した例示的なハンドル部分２０が医師によって手動で操作されるが、例えば、空気式、液圧式、電気化学的、または超音波などによって動力が供給されるハンドル部分の一部または全ての機能も本発明の態様に一致している。更に、これらの機能の各制御は、ハンドル部分を手動で操作して、または遠隔操作（無線遠隔制御装置や、自動化遠隔制御装置など）によって行うことができる。
更に別の例では、ステープル止めと切断を同時に行う外科器具が有利であると記載したが、把持装置、カッター、ステープラ、クリップアプライヤー、アクセス装置、薬物／遺伝子治療送達装置や、超音波、高周波、及びレーザーなどを用いたエネルギー装置などの他のタイプのエンドエフェクタで回動式に制御された関節動作も本発明の態様に一致している。
本発明の実施態様は以下の通りである。
（Ａ）外科器具であって、
エンドエフェクタと、
関節動作伝達部材を備えたシャフトと、
前記エンドエフェクタを前記シャフトの先端部に回動可能に接続する、関節動作に応答する関節動作機構と、
前記シャフトの基端部分に接続された関節動作制御部とを含み、
前記関節動作制御部が、
使用者が横方向に配置可能な操作部と、
前記関節制御部からの横方向の運動を関節動作に変換するように機能的に構成された、前記操作部及び前記関節動作機構に接続された運動変換機構とを有することを特徴とする外科器具。
（１）前記関節動作制御部が更に、前記関節動作機構の回動軸からずれた取付け部で前記エンドエフェクタに接続された長手方向の制御ロッドを含み、前記運動変換機構が、前記横方向の運動を長手方向の運動に変換するように機能的に構成されていることを特徴とする実施態様（Ａ）に記載の外科器具。
（２）前記運動変換機構が、前記横方向の運動を前記長手方向の運動に変換するための歯車手段を含むことを特徴とする実施態様（１）に記載の外科器具。
（３）前記運動変換機構が、前記関節動作制御部に接続された横方向のラックと、前記関節動作制御部の前記ラックに噛合した歯車と、前記長手方向の制御ロッドに接続され、前記歯車に噛合した長手方向のラックとを含むことを特徴とする実施態様（１）に記載の外科器具。
（４）前記シャフトが更に、回動動作として前記関節動作を前記関節動作機構に伝達する関節動作駆動チューブを含むことを特徴とする実施態様（Ａ）に記載の外科器具。
（５）前記運動変換機構が、前記横方向の運動を前記回動動作に変換するための歯車を含むことを特徴とする実施態様（４）に記載の外科器具。
（Ａ）外科器具であって、
エンドエフェクタと、
関節動作伝達部材を備えたシャフトと、
前記エンドエフェクタを前記シャフトの先端部に回動可能に接続する、関節動作に応答する関節動作機構と、
前記シャフトの基端部分に接続された関節動作制御部とを含み、
前記関節動作制御部が、
使用者が横方向に配置可能な操作部と、
前記関節制御部からの横方向の運動を関節動作に変換するように機能的に構成された、前記操作部及び前記関節動作機構に接続された運動変換機構とを有することを特徴とする外科器具。
（１）前記関節動作制御部が更に、前記関節動作機構の回動軸からずれた取付け部で前記エンドエフェクタに接続された長手方向の制御ロッドを含み、前記運動変換機構が、前記横方向の運動を長手方向の運動に変換するように機能的に構成されていることを特徴とする実施態様（Ａ）に記載の外科器具。
（２）前記運動変換機構が、前記横方向の運動を前記長手方向の運動に変換するための歯車手段を含むことを特徴とする実施態様（１）に記載の外科器具。
（３）前記運動変換機構が、前記関節動作制御部に接続された横方向のラックと、前記関節動作制御部の前記ラックに噛合した歯車と、前記長手方向の制御ロッドに接続され、前記歯車に噛合した長手方向のラックとを含むことを特徴とする実施態様（１）に記載の外科器具。
（４）前記シャフトが更に、回動動作として前記関節動作を前記関節動作機構に伝達する関節動作駆動チューブを含むことを特徴とする実施態様（Ａ）に記載の外科器具。
（５）前記運動変換機構が、前記横方向の運動を前記回動動作に変換するための歯車を含むことを特徴とする実施態様（４）に記載の外科器具。
（６）前記運動変換機構が、前記関節動作制御部に接続された横方向のラックを含み、前記関節動作駆動チューブが、前記横方向のラックに噛合する歯車部分を含むことを特徴とする実施態様（４）に記載の外科器具。
（７）前記運動変換機構が更に、前記関節動作制御部を前記横方向のラックに接続する逆作動防止機構を含むことを特徴とする実施態様（６）に記載の外科器具。
（８）前記逆作動防止機構が、窓を備えたフレームと、前記フレームの窓内の所定の位置に横方向に固定され、前記横方向のラックに接続された逆作動防止部材と、前記関節動作制御部に接続され、係合しないで前記逆作動防止部材を横方向に位置合わせするように配置された変形用部材とを含むことを特徴とする実施態様（７）に記載の外科器具。
（９）前記逆作動防止機構が、前記関節動作駆動チューブから前記関節動作機構に運動を伝達するのを防止するための手段を含むことを特徴とする実施態様（７）に記載の外科器具。
（Ｂ）外科器具であって、
作動動作、及びシャフトの長軸を中心とした回動動作を個別に伝達するように構成された前記シャフトと、
前記作動動作に応答するエンドエフェクタと、
前記回動動作に応答して前記エンドエフェクタを前記シャフトの長軸から関節動作させる関節動作機構と、
前記作動動作を引き起こすことができるように機能的に構成された前記シャフトに接続されたハンドル部分と、
前記回動動作を引き起こすことができるように機能的に構成された、使用者が横方向に位置合わせ可能な横方向関節動作制御部とを含むことを特徴とする外科器具。
（１０）前記横方向関節動作制御部が更に、逆作動防止機構を含むことを特徴とする実施態様（Ｂ）に記載の外科器具。
（７）前記運動変換機構が更に、前記関節動作制御部を前記横方向のラックに接続する逆作動防止機構を含むことを特徴とする実施態様（６）に記載の外科器具。
（８）前記逆作動防止機構が、窓を備えたフレームと、前記フレームの窓内の所定の位置に横方向に固定され、前記横方向のラックに接続された逆作動防止部材と、前記関節動作制御部に接続され、係合しないで前記逆作動防止部材を横方向に位置合わせするように配置された変形用部材とを含むことを特徴とする実施態様（７）に記載の外科器具。
（９）前記逆作動防止機構が、前記関節動作駆動チューブから前記関節動作機構に運動を伝達するのを防止するための手段を含むことを特徴とする実施態様（７）に記載の外科器具。
（Ｂ）外科器具であって、
作動動作、及びシャフトの長軸を中心とした回動動作を個別に伝達するように構成された前記シャフトと、
前記作動動作に応答するエンドエフェクタと、
前記回動動作に応答して前記エンドエフェクタを前記シャフトの長軸から関節動作させる関節動作機構と、
前記作動動作を引き起こすことができるように機能的に構成された前記シャフトに接続されたハンドル部分と、
前記回動動作を引き起こすことができるように機能的に構成された、使用者が横方向に位置合わせ可能な横方向関節動作制御部とを含むことを特徴とする外科器具。
（１０）前記横方向関節動作制御部が更に、逆作動防止機構を含むことを特徴とする実施態様（Ｂ）に記載の外科器具。
（Ｃ）外科器具であって、
発射動作、閉止動作、及び関節動作を引き起こすことができるハンドル部分と、
前記発射動作、前記閉止動作、及び前記関節動作を個別に伝達することができる前記ハンドル部分に接続されたシャフトと、
前記シャフトに接続された細長い溝形部材と、
前記細長い溝形部材に回動可能に接続され、前記シャフトからの前記閉止動作に応答するアンビルと、
前記細長い溝形部材と前記アンビルとの間に長手方向に受容された先端側に設けられた切断縁を含む発射装置と、
前記関節動作に応答して前記シャフトから前記細長い溝形部材を回動させる関節動作機構と、
前記回動動作を引き起こすことができるように機能的に構成された、使用者が横方向に位置合わせ可能な横方向関節動作制御部とを含むことを特徴とする外科器具。
（１１）前記横方向関節動作制御部が更に、逆作動防止機構を含むことを特徴とする実施態様（Ｃ）に記載の外科器具。
（Ｄ）外科器具であって、
前記外科器具の長軸を画定するシャフトと、
前記長軸に整合した第１の位置から前記長軸と所定の角度を成す第２の位置まで移動可能なエンドエフェクタと、
前記エンドエフェクタに機能的に接続された、回動により前記エンドエフェクタを前記第１の位置から前記第２の位置に移動させることができる回動部材と、
前記回動部材に機能的に接続された、前記長軸に対して横方向に移動可能な横方向制御部材とを含み、
前記横方向制御部材の横方向の移動により、前記エンドエフェクタが前記第１の位置から前記第２の位置に移動することを特徴とする外科器具。
発射動作、閉止動作、及び関節動作を引き起こすことができるハンドル部分と、
前記発射動作、前記閉止動作、及び前記関節動作を個別に伝達することができる前記ハンドル部分に接続されたシャフトと、
前記シャフトに接続された細長い溝形部材と、
前記細長い溝形部材に回動可能に接続され、前記シャフトからの前記閉止動作に応答するアンビルと、
前記細長い溝形部材と前記アンビルとの間に長手方向に受容された先端側に設けられた切断縁を含む発射装置と、
前記関節動作に応答して前記シャフトから前記細長い溝形部材を回動させる関節動作機構と、
前記回動動作を引き起こすことができるように機能的に構成された、使用者が横方向に位置合わせ可能な横方向関節動作制御部とを含むことを特徴とする外科器具。
（１１）前記横方向関節動作制御部が更に、逆作動防止機構を含むことを特徴とする実施態様（Ｃ）に記載の外科器具。
（Ｄ）外科器具であって、
前記外科器具の長軸を画定するシャフトと、
前記長軸に整合した第１の位置から前記長軸と所定の角度を成す第２の位置まで移動可能なエンドエフェクタと、
前記エンドエフェクタに機能的に接続された、回動により前記エンドエフェクタを前記第１の位置から前記第２の位置に移動させることができる回動部材と、
前記回動部材に機能的に接続された、前記長軸に対して横方向に移動可能な横方向制御部材とを含み、
前記横方向制御部材の横方向の移動により、前記エンドエフェクタが前記第１の位置から前記第２の位置に移動することを特徴とする外科器具。
１０ 外科用ステープラ／切断器具
１１ 関節動作機構
１２、４０８ エンドエフェクタ
１３ 関節動作制御部
１４ Ｅビーム発射バー
１６ 溝形部材
１８ アンビル
２０ ハンドル部分
２２、２７０ 実施部分
２３ シャフト
２４ ピストルグリップ
２６ 閉止トリガ
２８ 発射トリガ
３０ 解放ボタン
３２ 閉止スリーブ
３３、２５０ 閉止リング
３４、２７２ フレーム
３５ 閉止チューブ
３６ 発射駆動部材
３７ ステープルカートリッジ
３８ 上部ピン
４０ アンビルポケット
４１ ウェッジスレッド
４２ アンビルスロット
４３ ステープルドライバ
４４ 発射バーキャップ
４５ スロット
４６ 中間ピン
４７ ステープル
４８ 切断縁
４９ 垂直スロット
５０ 第１のベース部分
５２ 第２のベース部分
５４ 円筒状ピン
５６ 延出部材
５８ 六角形開口
６０ ハウジングキャップ
６２ 貫通孔
６４ ボス
７０ 外周ノッチ
７２ 溝形部材固定部材
７４ ハンドル部分
７６ 歯車部分
７８ 中間部分
８６ ヨーク
８９ 凹部
１０２、１１２、１２４ ばね
１０４ 第１のクランプフック
１０７ ロックアウトピン
１１８ 上部ラッチアーム
１２２ 凹部
１２８ 係合面
１３０ 前面
１３６ マルチプライヤ
１３８ 駆動部材
１４０ 金属製駆動ロッド
１４１ 第１のギアラック
１４２ 第２のギアラック
１４４ 第１のノッチ
１４６ 歯
１４８ 第２のノッチ
１５０ 第１のピニオンギア
１５２ 第２のピニオンギア
１５４ 第１のギアラック
２００、２４２、５０４ 関節動作駆動チューブ
２０２ 作動レバー
２０４ 関節動作伝達ハウジング
２０６ 外部タブ
２０８ 関節動作本体
２１０ 円筒状凹部
２１２ プロング
２１４ 開口
２１６ 環状の歯
２２０ 関節動作ヨーク
２２４ ボス
２２６ スロット
２２７ タブ
２４０ 平歯車関節動作機構
２４４ 歯車部分
２４６ 第１の外周部
２４８、２５８ 平歯車
２５２、２６０ 回動点
２５６ 歯車部分
２５３ ピン
２６２ 逆転歯車
２６４、２６６ ピボット孔
２６８ フレーム開口
２７４ ブシュ
２７６ フレーム溝
２８０ 発射コネクタ
２８８ 発射バースロットガイド
２９０ 関節動作フレーム部材
２９２ 溝形部材固定部材
２９４ 取付けカラー
２９５ 下側スロット
２９６ 弾性コネクタ
３０６ アンビルカムスロット
３０８ アンビルピボット
３１０ タブ
３１２ アンビルタブ
３１４ 閉止面
３１６ 柱状閉止面
４００、５００ 横方向関節動作制御部
４０２、５０２ 外科器具
４０４ 関節動作機構
４０６ 関節動作制御ロッド
４１０ シャフト組立体
４１２ ピボット
４１４ 関節動作開口
４２４、５６４ ノブ
４２６、５１０ 横方向関節動作制御操作部
４３０ 中心部分
４３２、４４２、５０６ ラック
４３８ 細長い歯車
５１２ 溝
５１６ 関節動作逆作動防止装置
５１８ ラックプレート
５２０ 中心開口
５２２ Ｘ形ロック部材
５２４、５２６ 変形用ブレード
５３２、５３４ 駆動ブレード
５４０ 傾斜した歯
５４２ 当接面
５４８ 先端縁
５５０ 右先端側アーム
５５２ 左先端側アーム
５５８ 基端縁
５６０ 右基端側アーム
５６２ 左基端側アーム
５６６ 右端部
５６８ 左端部
１１ 関節動作機構
１２、４０８ エンドエフェクタ
１３ 関節動作制御部
１４ Ｅビーム発射バー
１６ 溝形部材
１８ アンビル
２０ ハンドル部分
２２、２７０ 実施部分
２３ シャフト
２４ ピストルグリップ
２６ 閉止トリガ
２８ 発射トリガ
３０ 解放ボタン
３２ 閉止スリーブ
３３、２５０ 閉止リング
３４、２７２ フレーム
３５ 閉止チューブ
３６ 発射駆動部材
３７ ステープルカートリッジ
３８ 上部ピン
４０ アンビルポケット
４１ ウェッジスレッド
４２ アンビルスロット
４３ ステープルドライバ
４４ 発射バーキャップ
４５ スロット
４６ 中間ピン
４７ ステープル
４８ 切断縁
４９ 垂直スロット
５０ 第１のベース部分
５２ 第２のベース部分
５４ 円筒状ピン
５６ 延出部材
５８ 六角形開口
６０ ハウジングキャップ
６２ 貫通孔
６４ ボス
７０ 外周ノッチ
７２ 溝形部材固定部材
７４ ハンドル部分
７６ 歯車部分
７８ 中間部分
８６ ヨーク
８９ 凹部
１０２、１１２、１２４ ばね
１０４ 第１のクランプフック
１０７ ロックアウトピン
１１８ 上部ラッチアーム
１２２ 凹部
１２８ 係合面
１３０ 前面
１３６ マルチプライヤ
１３８ 駆動部材
１４０ 金属製駆動ロッド
１４１ 第１のギアラック
１４２ 第２のギアラック
１４４ 第１のノッチ
１４６ 歯
１４８ 第２のノッチ
１５０ 第１のピニオンギア
１５２ 第２のピニオンギア
１５４ 第１のギアラック
２００、２４２、５０４ 関節動作駆動チューブ
２０２ 作動レバー
２０４ 関節動作伝達ハウジング
２０６ 外部タブ
２０８ 関節動作本体
２１０ 円筒状凹部
２１２ プロング
２１４ 開口
２１６ 環状の歯
２２０ 関節動作ヨーク
２２４ ボス
２２６ スロット
２２７ タブ
２４０ 平歯車関節動作機構
２４４ 歯車部分
２４６ 第１の外周部
２４８、２５８ 平歯車
２５２、２６０ 回動点
２５６ 歯車部分
２５３ ピン
２６２ 逆転歯車
２６４、２６６ ピボット孔
２６８ フレーム開口
２７４ ブシュ
２７６ フレーム溝
２８０ 発射コネクタ
２８８ 発射バースロットガイド
２９０ 関節動作フレーム部材
２９２ 溝形部材固定部材
２９４ 取付けカラー
２９５ 下側スロット
２９６ 弾性コネクタ
３０６ アンビルカムスロット
３０８ アンビルピボット
３１０ タブ
３１２ アンビルタブ
３１４ 閉止面
３１６ 柱状閉止面
４００、５００ 横方向関節動作制御部
４０２、５０２ 外科器具
４０４ 関節動作機構
４０６ 関節動作制御ロッド
４１０ シャフト組立体
４１２ ピボット
４１４ 関節動作開口
４２４、５６４ ノブ
４２６、５１０ 横方向関節動作制御操作部
４３０ 中心部分
４３２、４４２、５０６ ラック
４３８ 細長い歯車
５１２ 溝
５１６ 関節動作逆作動防止装置
５１８ ラックプレート
５２０ 中心開口
５２２ Ｘ形ロック部材
５２４、５２６ 変形用ブレード
５３２、５３４ 駆動ブレード
５４０ 傾斜した歯
５４２ 当接面
５４８ 先端縁
５５０ 右先端側アーム
５５２ 左先端側アーム
５５８ 基端縁
５６０ 右基端側アーム
５６２ 左基端側アーム
５６６ 右端部
５６８ 左端部
Claims (3)
- 外科器具において、
エンドエフェクタと、
長軸を有するシャフトであって、当該長軸回りの関節回動動作を伝達するための関節動作駆動チューブを有し、前記関節動作駆動チューブはギア部を有する、シャフトと、
前記エンドエフェクタを前記シャフトの先端部に関節運動可能に接続し、前記関節回動動作に応答する、関節動作機構と、
前記シャフトの基端部に接続された関節動作制御部と、
を備え、
前記関節動作制御部は、
使用者が横方向に配置可能な操作部と、
前記操作部からの動きを前記関節回動動作に変換する運動変換機構であって、前記操作部と前記関節動作駆動チューブのギア部とに接続されたギア機構を有する、運動変換機構と、有する、
外科器具。 - 請求項１に記載の外科器具であって、
前記ギア機構は横方向のギアラックであり、
前記運動変換機構は前記操作部を前記横方向のギアラックに接続する関節動作逆作動防止装置をさらに有し、当該関節動作逆作動防止装置は前記関節動作駆動チューブからの前記関節動作制御部への動きの伝達を止める、外科器具 - 請求項２に記載の外科器具であって、
外部筐体の一部をなすノブをさらに有し、
前記関節動作逆作動防止装置は、
窓形状の開口を有し、当該開口の上下に傾斜した歯を有し、前記ノブに固定されたラックプレートと、
前記ラックプレートの前記窓形状の開口内に配置され、前記開口内を横方向に移動可能に前記傾斜した歯に係合される、Ｘ型ロック部材と、
前記横方向ギアラックに上方に延びて設けられ、前記Ｘ型ロック部材に横方向いずれかから当接する一対の駆動ブレードと、
前記操作部から下方に延びて設けられ、前記Ｘ型ロック部材に基端側または先端側から当接する変形用ブレードと、
を有する、外科器具
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/615,972 US6981628B2 (en) | 2003-07-09 | 2003-07-09 | Surgical instrument with a lateral-moving articulation control |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2005028148A JP2005028148A (ja) | 2005-02-03 |
| JP4667774B2 true JP4667774B2 (ja) | 2011-04-13 |
Family
ID=33564673
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004202202A Expired - Fee Related JP4667774B2 (ja) | 2003-07-09 | 2004-07-08 | 横方向に移動する関節動作制御部を備えた外科器具 |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6981628B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1522263B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4667774B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1596833A (ja) |
| AU (2) | AU2004203122A1 (ja) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0402681B8 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2473482C (ja) |
| MX (1) | MXPA04006764A (ja) |
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- 2004-07-08 BR BRPI0402681A patent/BRPI0402681B8/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2004-07-08 JP JP2004202202A patent/JP4667774B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-07-08 AU AU2004203122A patent/AU2004203122A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-07-08 EP EP04254093.0A patent/EP1522263B1/en active Active
- 2004-07-09 CA CA2473482A patent/CA2473482C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-07-09 CN CNA200410064095XA patent/CN1596833A/zh active Pending
- 2004-07-09 MX MXPA04006764A patent/MXPA04006764A/es active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2010257302B2 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
| MXPA04006764A (es) | 2005-04-19 |
| CA2473482C (en) | 2012-11-13 |
| US6981628B2 (en) | 2006-01-03 |
| BRPI0402681B1 (pt) | 2016-10-18 |
| CN1596833A (zh) | 2005-03-23 |
| CA2473482A1 (en) | 2005-01-09 |
| AU2004203122A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
| JP2005028148A (ja) | 2005-02-03 |
| US20050006430A1 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
| BRPI0402681B8 (pt) | 2021-06-22 |
| EP1522263B1 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
| AU2010257302A1 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
| EP1522263A1 (en) | 2005-04-13 |
| BRPI0402681A (pt) | 2005-03-29 |
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