JP4661781B2 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、表示装置及び照明装置 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、表示装置及び照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4661781B2 JP4661781B2 JP2006512302A JP2006512302A JP4661781B2 JP 4661781 B2 JP4661781 B2 JP 4661781B2 JP 2006512302 A JP2006512302 A JP 2006512302A JP 2006512302 A JP2006512302 A JP 2006512302A JP 4661781 B2 JP4661781 B2 JP 4661781B2
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- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyran Chemical compound S1C=CC=C=C1 IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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Description
該有機物含有層が、少なくとも発光層と該発光層に隣接する正孔阻止層を有し、且つ、該正孔阻止層に構成1に記載の一般式(1)で表される部分構造またはその互変異性体を有するオルトメタル化白金錯体が含有されていることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
本発明に係る発光ホスト、発光ドーパントについて説明する。
まず、リン光スペクトルの測定方法について説明する。
H−1 423nm
H−2 415nm
H−3 410nm
H−4 410nm
H−5 416nm
H−6 413nm
H−7 411nm
H−8 412nm
H−9 417nm
H−10 414nm
H−11 413nm
H−12 417nm
H−13 435nm
H−14 403nm
H−15 440nm
H−16 441nm
H−17 426nm
H−18 426nm
H−19 410nm
H−20 432nm
以上の本発明に係る発光ホストである、リン光の0−0バンドが450nm以下の化合物は、発光層中に後述する白金錯体の発光ドーパントと共に用いられることが必須要件であるが、発光ホスト以外の用途、例えば、正孔輸送材料、電子輸送材料、正孔注入材料、電子注入材料、正孔阻止材料、電子阻止材料として使用しても良く、その場合は発光ホストとして用いた化合物と同一の化合物を発光層以外の層に用いても、発光ホストとして用いた化合物と異なる化合物を発光層以外の層に用いてもよい。
本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子としては、発光層に用いられる発光ドーパントとして少なくとも1種の白金錯体が用いられること、または、前記発光層に隣接する隣接層に含有されることが必須要件であるが、前記白金錯体としては、前記一般式(1)で表されるオルトメタル化白金錯体が好ましく用いられる。
発光層中の主成分であるホスト化合物である発光ホストに対する発光ドーパントとの混合比は、好ましくは質量で0.1質量%〜30質量%未満の範囲に調整することである。
本発明の有機EL素子の構成層について説明する。
(2)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極
(3)陽極/電子阻止層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極
(4)陽極/正孔輸送層/電子阻止層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極
(5)陽極/正孔輸送層/電子阻止層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極
(6)陽極/正孔輸送層/電子阻止層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
(7)陽極/陽極バッファー層/正孔輸送層/電子阻止層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
(8)陽極/陽極バッファー層/正孔輸送層/電子阻止層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
《阻止層(電子阻止層、正孔阻止層)》
本発明に係る阻止層(例えば、電子阻止層、正孔阻止層)について説明する。
正孔阻止層とは広い意味では電子輸送層の機能を有し、電子を輸送する機能を有しつつ正孔を輸送する能力が著しく小さい材料からなり、電子を輸送しつつ正孔を阻止することで電子と正孔の再結合確率を向上させることができる。
一方、電子阻止層とは広い意味では正孔輸送層の機能を有し、正孔を輸送する機能を有しつつ電子を輸送する能力が著しく小さい材料からなり、正孔を輸送しつつ電子を阻止することで電子と正孔の再結合確率を向上させることができる。また、後述する正孔輸送層の構成を必要に応じて電子阻止層として用いることが出来る。
本発明においては、発光ドーパントとして、本発明に係る、前記一般式(1)で表される白金錯体を用い、且つ、発光ホストとして、該発光ホストの少なくとも1種のリン光の0−0バンドが450nm以下であり、且つ、分子量が450以上である化合物を用いることで、発光効率及び発光寿命の両方の特性が共に改善されることが判った。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する材料を含み、広い意味で正孔注入層、電子阻止層も正孔輸送層に含まれる。正孔輸送層は単層もしくは複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、広い意味で電子注入層、正孔阻止層も電子輸送層に含まれる。電子輸送層は、単層もしくは複数層を設けることができる。
注入層は必要に応じて設け、電子注入層と正孔注入層があり、上記のごとく陽極と発光層または正孔輸送層の間、及び、陰極と発光層または電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。
本発明の有機EL素子に係る陽極としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが好ましく用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としてはAu等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。また、IDIXO(In2O3−ZnO)等非晶質で透明導電膜を作製可能な材料を用いてもよい。陽極は、これらの電極物質を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により、薄膜を形成させ、フォトリソグラフィー法で所望の形状のパターンを形成してもよく、あるいはパターン精度をあまり必要としない場合は(100μm以上程度)、上記電極物質の蒸着やスパッタリング時に所望の形状のマスクを介してパターンを形成してもよい。この陽極より発光を取り出す場合には、透過率を10%より大きくすることが望ましく、また、陽極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。さらに膜厚は材料にもよるが、通常10nm〜1000nm、好ましくは10nm〜200nmの範囲で選ばれる。
一方、本発明に係る陰極としては、仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム−カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。これらの中で、電子注入性及び酸化等に対する耐久性の点から、電子注入性金属とこれより仕事関数の値が大きく安定な金属である第二金属との混合物、例えばマグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、アルミニウム等が好適である。陰極は、これらの電極物質を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により、薄膜を形成させることにより、作製することができる。また、陰極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましく、膜厚は通常10nm〜1000nm、好ましくは50nm〜200nmの範囲で選ばれる。なお、発光を透過させるため、有機EL素子の陽極または陰極のいずれか一方が、透明または半透明であれば発光輝度が向上し好都合である。
本発明の有機EL素子に係る基体としては、ガラス、プラスチック等の種類には特に限定はなく、また、透明のものであれば特に制限はないが、好ましく用いられる基板としては例えばガラス、石英、光透過性樹脂フィルムを挙げることができる。特に好ましい基体は、有機EL素子にフレキシブル性を与えることが可能な樹脂フィルムである。
本発明の有機EL素子の作製方法の一例として、陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極からなる有機EL素子の作製方法について説明する。
本発明の表示装置について説明する。
本発明の照明装置について説明する。
《有機EL素子OLED1−1の作製》:比較例
陽極としてガラス上にITOを150nm成膜した基板(NHテクノグラス社製:NA−45)にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極(陽極)を設けた透明支持基板をiso−プロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。
上記の有機EL素子OLED1−1の作製において、発光層の作製に用いた発光ホストであるCBP(比較化合物1)と発光ドーパントであるIr−1を、各々表1に記載の化合物に替えた以外は同様にして、有機EL素子OLED1−2〜1−21を各々作製した。
有機EL素子OLED1−2〜1−21の各々の素子を温度23度、乾燥窒素ガス雰囲気下で2.5mA/cm2の定電流条件下による連続点灯を行い、点灯開始直後の発光輝度(L)[cd/m2]及び外部取り出し量子効率(η)を測定した。ここで、発光輝度の測定などは、CS−1000(ミノルタ製)を用いた。
有機EL素子OLED1−1〜1−27の各々の素子を室温下、2.5mA/cm2の定電流条件下による連続点灯を行い、初期輝度の半分の輝度になるのに要する時間(τ1/2)を測定した。また、発光寿命は、各々有機EL素子OLED1−1を100とした時の相対値で表した。
《有機EL素子OLED2−1の作製》
実施例1の有機EL素子OLED1−1の正孔輸送層を構成するα−NPDの代わりに、H−15を用いて電子阻止層を形成し、次いで、正孔阻止層をBCP(比較化合物6)からH−16に換え、発光層の作製に用いたCBP(比較化合物1)はそのままにして、発光ドーパントをオルトメタル化イリジウム錯体(Ir−1)をオルトメタル化白金錯体D−50に変更した以外は全く同様にして、封止構造を有する有機EL素子OLED2−1を作製した。
上記の有機EL素子OLED2−1の発光層の作製に用いたCBP(比較化合物1)と発光ドーパント(D−50)を表2に記載の化合物に替えた以外は同様にして、有機EL素子OLED2−2〜2−20を各々作製した。
有機EL素子OLED2−1〜2−20の各素子を23℃、2.5mA/cm2の定電流条件下による連続点灯を行い、初期輝度の半分の輝度になるのに要する時間(τ1/2)を測定した。
《有機EL素子3−1〜3−10の作製》
実施例1の有機EL素子1−1の作製において、正孔阻止層の作製に用いたBCPを表3に記載の化合物構成に変更した以外は同様にして、有機EL素子3−1〜3−10を各々作製した。また、有機EL素子1−1は実施例1と同様にして作製し、比較例とした。
《フルカラー表示装置の作製》
(青色発光素子の作製)
実施例2の有機EL素子OLED2−8の発光層に用いた発光ドーパントをD−50からD−89に変更し、電子輸送層のAlq3を製膜した後にフッ化リチウム0.5nm及びアルミニウム110nmを蒸着して、陰極バッファー層、陰極を各々形成した以外は同様にして、青色発光素子を作製した。
上記の青色発光素子の発光層に用いた発光ドーパントをD−89からD−45に変更した以外は同様にして、緑色発光素子を作製した。
上記の青色発光素子の作製において、発光ドーパントをD−89からD−46に変更した以外は同様にして、赤色発光素子を作製した。
《白色発光素子及び白色照明装置の作製》
実施例1の透明電極基板の電極を20mm×20mmにパターニングし、その上に実施例1と同様に正孔輸送層としてα−NPDを50nmの厚さで製膜し、さらに、H−3の入った前記加熱ボートとD−89の入ったボート及びD−46の入ったボートをそれぞれ独立に通電して発光ホストであるH−3と発光ドーパントであるD−89及びD−46の蒸着速度が100:5:0.6になるように調節し膜厚30nmの厚さになるように蒸着し、発光層を設けた。
Claims (7)
- 電極と有機物含有層を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子において、該有機物含有層の少なくとも1層が発光層であり、該発光層が、少なくとも発光ドーパントと発光ホストを有し、該発光ドーパントの少なくとも1種が下記一般式(1)で表される部分構造またはその互変異性体を有するオルトメタル化白金錯体であり、且つ、該発光ホストの少なくとも1種のリン光の0−0バンドが450nm以下であり、且つ、分子量が450以上であることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 電極と有機物含有層を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子において、
該有機物含有層が、少なくとも発光層と該発光層に隣接する正孔阻止層を有し、且つ、該正孔阻止層に請求項1に記載の一般式(1)で表される部分構造またはその互変異性体を有するオルトメタル化白金錯体が含有されていることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。 - 前記発光ホストのリン光の0−0バンドが430nm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記発光層が、発光波長の異なる少なくとも2種の発光ドーパントを含有することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 発光色が白色であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を有することを特徴とする表示装置。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を有することを特徴とする照明装置。
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