JP4653861B2 - 電子ビームによる多糖類の分子量低減 - Google Patents
電子ビームによる多糖類の分子量低減 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4653861B2 JP4653861B2 JP2004516246A JP2004516246A JP4653861B2 JP 4653861 B2 JP4653861 B2 JP 4653861B2 JP 2004516246 A JP2004516246 A JP 2004516246A JP 2004516246 A JP2004516246 A JP 2004516246A JP 4653861 B2 JP4653861 B2 JP 4653861B2
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Classifications
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- C08B37/0087—Glucomannans or galactomannans; Tara or tara gum, i.e. D-mannose and D-galactose units, e.g. from Cesalpinia spinosa; Tamarind gum, i.e. D-galactose, D-glucose and D-xylose units, e.g. from Tamarindus indica; Gum Arabic, i.e. L-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-galactose and D-glucuronic acid units, e.g. from Acacia Senegal or Acacia Seyal; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
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- C08B37/0087—Glucomannans or galactomannans; Tara or tara gum, i.e. D-mannose and D-galactose units, e.g. from Cesalpinia spinosa; Tamarind gum, i.e. D-galactose, D-glucose and D-xylose units, e.g. from Tamarindus indica; Gum Arabic, i.e. L-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-galactose and D-glucuronic acid units, e.g. from Acacia Senegal or Acacia Seyal; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
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- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Description
本出願は、2002年6月25日申請済み、米国特許仮出願第60/391,320号に対して米国特許法119条(35 U.S.C.§119)に基づき優先権を主張するものである。
本明細書における用語「多糖類」は、糖類単位の反復を有した高分子を意味し、これには、デンプン、ポリデキストロース、リンゴセルロース(lingocellulose)、セルロース、およびその誘導体(例えば、メチルセルロース、エチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、酢酸セルロース、酢酸酪酸セルロース、酢酸プロピオン酸セルロース、デンプン誘導体、アミラーゼ誘導体、アミロペクチンとその誘導体、および他の化学的および物理的に修飾されたデンプン)などが含まれる。
ガラクトマンナンは、主に単糖類であるマンノースおよびガラクトースからなる多糖類である。そのマンノース要素は、1→6結合したα−D−ガラクトピラノシル残留物を、原料植物に応じたさまざまな距離で、何百もの(1→4)−β−D−マンノピラノシル残留物からなる鎖を形成する。本発明のガラクトマンナンは、無数の原料から得られる。このような原料には、以下さらに説明するようにグァーガム、グァースプリッツ、陽イオン性グァー、非イオン性グァー、ローカストビーンガム、タラガムなどがある。また、ガラクトマンナンは、古典的な合成ルート、または天然ガラクトマンナンの化学修飾によっても得られる。
グァーガムは、挽いたものがしばしば「グァーフラワー」と呼ばれており、豆科植物Cyamopsis tetragonolobaの種子中に見られる粘液を意味する。その水溶性分画(85%)は「guaran(グァラン)」と呼ばれ、直鎖状の(1→4)−β−Dマンノピラノシル単位に(1→6)結合したα−D−ガラクトピラノシル単位を伴ったものから成る。グァランにおけるD−ガラクトースとD−マンノースの比率は約1:2である。グァーガムは、温水または冷水で分散性を有する白みがかった粉末の形態を取る場合がある。グァーガムは、例えばRhodia,Inc.(米国New Jersey州Cranbury)、Hercules,Inc.(米国Delaware州Wilmington)、およびTIC Gum,Inc.(米国Maryland州Belcamp)から入手できる。
グァーの種子は一対の硬く非脆性の内胚乳部からなり、以下これを本明細書では「グァースプリッツ」(グァー分割部)と呼ぶ。このスプリッツ間には、脆性の胚(胚芽)が挟まれている。豆皮を剥いた後、種子を割り、スクリーニングにより胚芽(種子の43〜47%)を取り除いて、スプリッツをすりつぶす。ガムは、このスプリッツ内の、不水溶性の細胞壁を有する微小な細胞内に含まれて存在している。これらの細胞内のガムはかなり緩慢に水に分散するため、前記細胞壁を分離し、微細な粒子サイズを達成することが望ましい。
ローカストビーンガム(別称カロブビーンガム)は、カロブ(ceratonia siliqua)の木の種子の内胚乳を精製したものである。このタイプのガムにおけるガラクトースとマンノースの比率は、約1:4である。カロブの栽培は歴史が古く、ガム生産の技術分野でよく知られている。このタイプのガムは市販されており、TIC Gum,Inc.(米国Maryland州Bekamp)およびRhodia,Inc.(米国New Jersey州Cranbury)より入手できる。
タラガムは、タラの木の種子のガムを精製したものから得られる。ガラクトースとマンノースの比率は、約1:3である。タラガムは米国では市販用に生産されていないが、米国外に種々の入手源がある。
重要な他のガラクトマンナンとしては修飾したガラクトマンナンがあり、これには、カルボキシメチルグァーと、カルボキシメチルヒドロキシプロピルグァーと、陽イオン性ヒドロキシプロピルグァーと、ヒドロキシエチルグァーとヒドロキシプロピルグァーとヒドロキシブチルグァーと高級ヒドロキシアルキルグァーとを含むヒドロキシアルキルグァーと、カルボキシメチルグァーとカルボキシルプロピルグァーとカルボキシブチルグァーと高級アルキルカルボキシグァーとを含むカルボキシルアルキルグァーと、グァランのヒドロキシエチル誘導体とヒドロキシプロピル誘導体とカルボキシメチル誘導体と、カラビン(Carubin、ローカストビーンガムの別称)のヒドロキシエチル誘導体とカルボキシメチル誘導体と、カッシア(Cassia、別称エビスグサ、または決明子)ガムのヒドロキシプロピル誘導体とカルボキシメチル誘導体と、修飾したガラクトマンナンと、修飾したガラクトマンナンガムとが含まれる。好適な修飾したガラクトマンナンは、低い値、例えば0.6未満の分子の置換を伴ったヒドロキシプロピルグァーである。
重要なキサンタンは、キサンタンガムおよびキサンタンゲルである。キサンタンガムは、ザントモナス属ハクサイにより生成される多糖類ガムである。キサンタンガムは、主なヘキソース単位としてD−グルコースと、D−マンノースと、D−グルクロン酸を含み、またピルビン酸も含み、一部アセチル化されている。
以下は、グァーガム、グァースプリッツ、およびグァー誘導体の高電子ビーム照射による解重合例である。
以下は、より低エネルギーのビームを使った種々のグァータイプの解重合の例である。
この例では、有用な油井用破砕流体を提供するため、グァーガムおよびグァースプリッツの解重合を行った。
この例では、Agent AT−2001ベースの交差結合可能を調べた。
2.5%のJaguar 8000、3.8Mrad:511/secおよび75゜Fで40cP
油田用途では、現行のAgent AT−2001ベースが交差結合形態で使用されている。電子ビームで照射したAgent AT−2001ベースも交差結合可能であることが重要である。この試験は、照射解重合に伴い有意な官能基変化があるかどうかを決定する上でも役立つ。ここでは、照射で解重合したAgent AT−2001ベースの2.5%溶液をホウ砂クロスリンカーおよびNaOHと混合してpH値を増加させた。わずか数秒で、この高分子溶液はゲルになった。この試験により、電子ビームを照射したAgent AT−2001ベースはホウ砂クロスリンカーと交差結合可能なことが確認された。
例5〜7では、Agent−AT−2001ベースの解重合を試験的なテストで説明している。
Log(Mn)=5.2894−0.7176log(D)、相関係数=−0.9987
これらの試料の多分散度は2.1〜2.6(表7)の範囲で、以前の観測値より優れている。これら望ましい多分散度値が得られた理由は、厚さがより均一であったことと、有効厚さ外で照射対象になった物質がより少なかったこととが考えられる。この厚さ効果は以下で説明する。
例8〜12は、工場試験でのAgent−AT−2001ベースの解重合に関する。
Claims (8)
- グァーを、事前に選択した分子量及び3.0未満の多分散度を有するように解重合する方法であって、本質的に電子ビームからなる放射線をグァーに照射する工程を有し、前記工程は、6Mrad、7Mrad若しくは8Mradの照射線量の放射線を、0.12cm、0.28cm若しくは0.36cmの厚さに調整した前記グァーに照射するものである、方法。
- 前記グァーは、700,000ドルトン未満の分子量に解重合されるものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記グァーは、500,000ドルトン未満の分子量に解重合されるものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ガラクトマンナンは、300,000ドルトン未満の分子量に解重合されるものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記グァーは、100,000ドルトン〜250,000ドルトンの分子量に解重合されるものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記グァーの少なくとも90%が3分以内に水和生成物に変化するものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 請求項1の方法に従って生成されるグァー。
- 請求項6の方法に従って生成されるグァー。
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PCT/US2003/020015 WO2004000885A2 (en) | 2002-06-25 | 2003-06-24 | Molecular weight reduction of polysaccharides by electron beams |
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CN (2) | CN1309742C (ja) |
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BR (2) | BRPI0312077B1 (ja) |
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2003
- 2003-06-24 EP EP03761323.9A patent/EP1551882B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-24 JP JP2004516246A patent/JP4653861B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-06-24 WO PCT/US2003/020015 patent/WO2004000885A2/en active Application Filing
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US5273767A (en) * | 1992-09-09 | 1993-12-28 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Rapidly hydrating gums |
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JP2010285615A (ja) * | 2002-06-25 | 2010-12-24 | Rhodia Inc | 電子ビームによる多糖類の分子量低減 |
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WO2004000885A3 (en) | 2004-03-18 |
JP2005530897A (ja) | 2005-10-13 |
RU2323943C2 (ru) | 2008-05-10 |
EP1551882A2 (en) | 2005-07-13 |
CN1970680A (zh) | 2007-05-30 |
BR0312077B8 (pt) | 2017-10-24 |
US7259192B2 (en) | 2007-08-21 |
EP1551882A4 (en) | 2005-12-14 |
JP2010285615A (ja) | 2010-12-24 |
EP1551882B1 (en) | 2016-05-11 |
AU2003263753A8 (en) | 2004-01-06 |
JP5580110B2 (ja) | 2014-08-27 |
BR0312077A (pt) | 2005-04-05 |
CN1309742C (zh) | 2007-04-11 |
CN1970680B (zh) | 2015-08-26 |
AU2003263753A1 (en) | 2004-01-06 |
CN1671749A (zh) | 2005-09-21 |
RU2005101751A (ru) | 2005-09-10 |
US20040072699A1 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
WO2004000885A2 (en) | 2003-12-31 |
BRPI0312077B1 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
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