JP4628522B2 - Root crop harvesting machine - Google Patents

Root crop harvesting machine Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4628522B2
JP4628522B2 JP2000176560A JP2000176560A JP4628522B2 JP 4628522 B2 JP4628522 B2 JP 4628522B2 JP 2000176560 A JP2000176560 A JP 2000176560A JP 2000176560 A JP2000176560 A JP 2000176560A JP 4628522 B2 JP4628522 B2 JP 4628522B2
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Japan
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root
soil
bulb
foliage
conveying
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JP2001352814A (en
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清博 森川
省二 寺元
裕樹 新
秀明 景山
博史 遠部
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Yanmar Co Ltd
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Yanmar Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、人参や蕪等の根菜類の収穫機の改良した構造に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から、圃場に列状に植えられた根菜類を、引き抜き、挟持搬送して収穫するための、公知の根菜収穫機の構造として、特開平9−233925号公報や特開平11−318155号公報では、走行機体に装着された左右一対の走行クローラにて走行する走行機体の一側寄りの前方下部から走行機体の後方上部にわたって左右一対の挟持無端帯を配置し、該挟持無端帯の始端側(前端側)下方には、圃場に植生された人参等の根菜類の下方を振動にて掘り起こす掘り起し刃を備えたサブソイラを設ける一方、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯の搬送後端部には、挟持搬送される人参の茎葉部と根部との間を切断する左右一対のロータリカッターを配置した構成が開示されている。
【0003】
そして、特開平11−318155号公報では、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯の搬送経路中途部の下方に、前記人参の下部を切断するための左右一対の回転刃からなる人参下部切断装置を備えた構成が開示されている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、根菜類には、前述の人参や蕪等の根野菜類(root vegetables)のほか、玉葱(タマネギ)、大蒜(ニンニク)、ユリ根等の球根類(鱗茎、球茎を含む、bulb vegatables)がある。前記人参等の根野菜類では、一般的に、太った塊根は上下に長く、その塊根の部分の外周(特に下端側)に細長い根が多数延びてえている。他方、球根類では、略球状の鱗茎や球茎の下端側に多数の細長い根が延びている。そして、前記球根類は、その根を切断して除去しないと、成長し続け芽が出てしまい、収穫後の商品価値が下がってしまうという問題があった。
【0005】
また、前記球根類のうち、大蒜(ニンニク)のようなものは、圃場面より下、つまり球根部分が土中に完全に埋まっているため、前記収穫機で引き抜くとき、球根部分の上面側に土が付着したままになり、後に土落としする作業に手間が掛かるという問題もあった。
【0006】
さらに、前記人参等の根野菜類を収穫する収穫機の他に前記球根類のみを収穫するための専用の収穫機を別途購入しなければならないとすれば、農家に多大の出費を強いることになり、不経済であるという問題もあった。
【0007】
本発明は、これらの問題を解決すべくなされたものであって、前記人参等の根野菜類の他、タマネギ、ニンニク等の球根類を処理できる収穫機を提供することを目的とするものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記目的を達成するため、請求項1に記載の発明の根菜収穫機は、圃場に植生している根菜類の茎葉部を左右から挟持して引き抜き搬送する挟持搬送手段と、前記挟持搬送手段の挟持搬送中の根菜類の球根部を処理する球根処理部と、該挟持搬送手段の後端部で前記茎葉部を切断する茎葉部切断手段とを備え、前記球根処理部は、前記球根部に付着する土を除去する土除去手段と、球根部の下端から延びる根を切除する根切除手段とで構成され、土はたき部を有する回転土除去体によって前記土除去手段を形成する根菜収穫機において、前記挟持搬送手段の根菜類の搬送方向と平行状に向けた回転軸に前記回転土除去体を設け、前記根切除手段よりも搬送方向上流側に前記回転土除去体を配置させ、回転土除去体の回転によって前記球根部を引き込み可能に構成したものである。
【0009】
【0010】
【0011】
【0012】
【0013】
【0014】
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明を具体化した実施形態について説明する。図1は根菜収穫機の側面図、図2は根菜収穫機全体の概略平面図、図3は概略正面図、図4は伝動系の平面図、図5は茎葉部切断手段のみの場合の概略平面図、図6は同じく概略側面図、図7は根毛切断手段の側面図、図10は土除去手段の側面図である。
【0016】
本発明の根菜収穫機は、根菜類Kを圃場から引き抜き、挟持搬送して収穫するものであって、以下で使用する根菜類Kとは、上述したように、人参や蕪等の根野菜類(root vegetables)のほか、玉葱(タマネギ)、大蒜(ニンニク)、ユリ根等の球根類(鱗茎、球茎を含む、bulb vegatables)をいう。
【0017】
図2に示す平面視において、走行機体1の下方に左右一対の走行クローラ2a,2bを配置し、走行機体1上には、人参等の根菜Kの既掘り起こし側(図2において上側、進行方向右側)の走行クローラ2bの外縁より内側(未掘り起こし側)に、前端から操縦コラム4、運転座席5、エンジン6を配置し、走行機体1の後端側には、トランスミッション7を配置し、該トランスミッション7から前記左右一対の走行クローラ2a,2bの後端に配置された駆動輪8(図1参照)に動力伝達される。また、根菜類Kの未掘り起こし側(図2において下側、進行方向左側の走行クローラ2aの外縁より外側を未掘り起こし側という)には、左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3からなる挟持搬送手段の少なくとも始端部側が位置するように配置されている。
【0018】
走行機体1の後部寄り部位の作業部回動支点9にてブラケット10aを介して上下回動可能に支持された支持フレーム10に装着された始端ホイール11,11及び後端ホイール12,12には、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3が巻掛けられ、各挟持無端帯3の前後中途部は多数の中間ホイール13にて略一直線状に支持されている。
【0019】
なお、挟持無端帯3は、前記始端ホイール11,後端ホイール12及び中間ホイール13の外周における2連等のV溝に嵌まるVベルト部と、根菜類Kの茎葉部を弾力的に挟持するため(押圧時に茎葉部を切断しないようにするため)の軟質挟持部とからなり、この軟質挟持部は、スポンジゴム等の軟質発泡体の表面をゴム硬度が高く、且つ長期間、静止的互いの押圧力により、表層同士が接着しないものであり、且つ水分不透過性を有する硬質ゴム、シリコーンゴム等の表層にて覆ったものである。
【0020】
図2に示すように、左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3による根菜類Kの茎葉部の挟持搬送ラインHは、前記根菜類Kの未掘り起こし側に近い既掘り起こし側の走行クローラ2aの外縁より外側にて平面視にて走行機体1の進行方向とほぼ平行状となるように配置される。なお、前記始端ホイール11,11と一体的に回転する大径の掻込みホイール(図示せず)を設けることにより、挟持搬送の開始部(始端部)を構成する。
【0021】
また、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3のうち、根菜類Kの未掘り起こし側の前方の下部には、引き抜くべき根菜類Kの茎葉部を、それより未掘り起こし側の根菜類Kの茎葉部と絡まらないように分離するためのデバイダ14を備える。このデバイダ14は、回転駆動する無端ベルトに、基端が所定間隔にて多数装着された分草タイン15が走行機体1の進行方向の前面側において、略垂直面内にて圃場面19側から上向きに移動するように構成されている。
【0022】
さらに、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3のうち、根菜類Kの既掘り起こし側の前方の下部には、引き抜くべき根菜類Kの茎葉部を前記挟持搬送ラインH方向に掻き込むための茎葉掻き込み装置16が配置されている。この茎葉掻き込み装置16では、回転駆動する無端ベルト16aに、基端が所定間隔にて多数装着された掻込みタイン17が始端ホイール11の前面側にて前記デバイダ14における分草タイン15と互いに略直交するように配置され、且つ掻込みタイン17が圃場面19から上向きに移動するとき、当該掻込みタイン17の先端は、デバイダ14におけるケースのうち、分草タイン15の非作用側となる側面カバー部14aと対峙するように配置されている。
【0023】
このように、デバイダ14における略垂直面内にて上向き移動する分草タイン15と、このデバイダ14における側面カバー部14aに直交するような掻込みタイン17を有する茎葉掻き込み装置16とにより、掘り起こすべき根菜類Kにおける垂れ下がった(倒伏した)茎葉部の左右両側をも上向きに掻上げることができる。
【0024】
前記分草タイン15及び掻込みタイン17は、ゴムのような弾性体により構成され、各タイン15、17の先端が、圃場面19に接触すると、湾曲し、その後形状復元するように構成されている。
【0025】
図1に示すように、サブソイラを昇降操作するための昇降リンク機構としての上リンク22と下リンク23の各基端側の回動支点20,21は、前記作業部回動支点9よりも前方である走行機体の内側面に配置され、該上下回動支点20,21を中心にして上下回動可能な平行リンクとしての上リンク22,下リンク23の先端側に縦支持杆24が連結され、この縦支持杆24の下端には、掘り起こし刃25が固定されている。
【0026】
そして、図1及び図2に示すように、前記上部の回動支点20の入力軸20aに固定したプーリ28と、前記エンジン6の出力プーリ27とに無端帯29を巻掛けして入力軸20aを回転させ、この入力軸20aに被嵌した偏心ボス(図示せず)を介して前記上リンク22の基端を連結し、この上リンク22を上下方向に振動駆動させる。これにより、圃場面19から差し込んだ掘り起こし刃25を根菜類Kの根部より下方にて上下及び/又は前後に振動させて、走行機体1の前進移動につれて根菜類Kの根部の引き抜きが容易になるように構成されている。
【0027】
また、前記下部のリンク23の基端と走行機体1との間に装着された油圧シリンダ26にて前記平行な上下リンク22,23を昇降回動させるように構成されている。
【0028】
図2及び図4を参照して理解できるように、平面視において、茎葉掻き起こし装置16の後方には、サブソイラにおける掘り起こし刃25と、その縦支持杆24と、該縦支持杆24を昇降するための昇降リンク機構(上下リンク22,23)とを平面視において前記茎葉掻き起こし装置16と重なるように配置し、且つ図1に示すように、側面視においては、前記掘り起こし刃25と、その縦支持杆24と、該縦支持杆24を昇降するための昇降リンク機構(上下リンク22,23)とを、茎葉掻き起こし装置16と重ならないように配置したものである。
【0029】
さらに、図2及び図4に示すように、サブソイラにおける前記昇降リンク機構(上下リンク22,23)が未掘り起こし側の走行クローラ2aと平面視において重なるが、図1に示すように、掘り起こし刃25が圃場面19内に位置する掘り起こし作業中に、昇降リンクを下げた状態において、その下リンク23が前記走行クローラ2aと干渉しないよう配置されている。
【0030】
なお、図1、図2及び図4に示すごとく、前記作業部回動支点9と同芯軸上に設けたパイプ状の動力伝達横フレーム30の先端に前向きパイプフレーム31を連結し、該前向きパイプフレーム31の先端には、左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3の長手方向中途部の上方において根菜類Kの既掘り起こし側に向かって延びる茎葉掻き込み用伝達パイプ32を連結し、該茎葉掻き込み用伝達パイプ32の未掘り起こし側端部から前方向に延びる伝達ケース33を介して、前記デバイダ14の上部にデバイダ用伝達ケース34を連結する。そして、前記上部の回動支点20と同軸の入力軸20aに固定したプーリ37からベルト等の無端帯38を介して前記作業部回動支点9と同芯軸上であって、動力伝達横フレーム30内に嵌挿される入力軸39の突出端に固定したプーリ40に動力伝達し、さらに、前向きパイプフレーム31、茎葉掻き込み用伝達パイプ32、伝達ケース33及びデバイダ用伝達ケース34内の伝達軸等の伝達機構を介して、茎葉掻き込み装置16及びデバイダ14に各々動力伝達される。
【0031】
また、前記作業部回動支点9と同芯軸である入力軸39に固定されたプーリからチェン41を介して後部伝動ケース42に動力伝達し、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3における両後端ホイール12と同軸の入力部に動力伝達して両挟持無端帯3,3を回動駆動すると共に、前記両後端ホイール12より下部にて、根菜類Kの茎葉部を水平後方に搬送するための左右一対で上下に配置された無端搬送帯43a,43bからなる茎葉排出装置43及び左右一対の水平回転する回転刃44a,44aからなる茎葉部切断手段44に回転力を伝達する。なお、前記両後端ホイール12より下部には、根菜類Kの根部の上端を水平後方向に案内することにより、前記茎葉排出装置43へ茎葉部を受け継がせるための左右一対の案内杆45が配置されている(図5及び図6参照)。
【0032】
茎葉部切断手段44の伝動ケース44bの側面チェンスプロケット60には、前記チェン41を介して動力伝達される。伝動ケース44bを支持フレーム10等に装着するに際して、伝動ケース44bから下向きに突出するブラケット62をフレーム63に対して支軸64を介して回動可能に支持させ、且つ該支軸64を中心にして回転刃44a,44a側が下向きとなるように回動させるとき(図5の二点鎖線参照)、前記側面チェンスプロケット60に巻掛けたチェンが緩む側となるように設定しておけば、回転刃44aの交換等のメインテナンス作業が容易となる。
【0033】
前記伝動ケース44bには、図5及び図6に示すように、左右の回転刃44a,44aを駆動する軸及び辺ベべルギヤを内装した左右一対の腕ケース44c,44cが、搬送される根菜類Kの太さより広い間隔にて前向きに突出している。両回転刃44a,44aはその対向する側で一部ラップする。前記左右一対の回転刃44a,44aは、その対向する側で根菜類Kの搬送方向上流側から下流側に向かって回転するように構成されているので、搬送方向上流側から導入される根菜類Kの茎葉部KIは両回転刃44a,44aの回転にてラップ部にたやすく引き込まれる。換言すると、回転刃44aの外周縁で茎葉部KIが搬送方向上流側に逆戻りするような踊り現象が発生しない。
【0034】
また、伝動ケース44bと左右一対の腕ケース44c,44cの内面を囲むようにスポンジ板等の緩衝板61を配置して、切断後の根菜類Kが固いケースに直接衝突しないようになっている。
【0035】
前記茎葉部切断手段44の下方には、茎葉部を切除分離された根菜類Kの根部を受け止め、走行機体1の後端の側方(根菜類Kの既掘り起こし側)に搬送するための、選別コンベヤ46が配置されており、前記トランスミッション7のPTO出力軸36から、プーリ、チェン47a,47bを介して選別コンベヤ46への入力部46aに動力伝達される。この選別コンベヤ46は、一対の無端チェン間に多数の棒状のスラットが一定間隔にて張り渡されているものであり、走行機体1の後端にて歩行する作業者が、選別コンベヤ46上の根菜類Kのうち不良品を選り分ける。選別コンベヤ46の排出端には、良品の根菜類Kを受け止め、蓄積するためのコンテナ48を載置する前後長手のコンテナ台49がある。このコンテナ台49は走行機体1の側面に対して基端が蝶番を介して上下回動可能に連結され、非作業時には、上向きに回動し、作業時にはコンテナ台49が略水平となるように姿勢保持される。前記切断された茎葉部は、茎葉排出装置43の後端から圃場面19に放出される。そのとき、未掘り起こし側の圃場面19に落下しないように湾曲したガイド板55にて案内される。
【0036】
また、前述のように、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3、茎葉掻き込み装置16及びデバイダ14は、前記作業部回動支点9を中心にして一体的に上下回動するように各装置部のフレーム同士は連結されており、それらの前部側から前向きに突出する支持杆51の前端に装着された接地前輪52にて圃場面19に対して支持される。そして、非作業時や路上走行時には、前記掘り起こし刃25や、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3、茎葉掻き込み装置16及びデバイダ14の下端が地面に干渉しないようこれらの部分を上昇位置に保持するには、油圧シリンダ26を駆動させると、昇降リンク機構である平行状の上下リンク22,23の前端側が上向き回動する。このとき、図1及び図2に示すように、下リンク23の側面に設けた押し上げ用の回転可能なローラ53の上面が前記一対の挟持無端帯3,3の支持フレーム10の下面側等に設けた側面視「ヘ」字状のガイドレール54の下面に沿って移動するように構成しておけば、1つの油圧シリンダ26のピストンロッド突出動の作動にて、掘り起こし刃25と共に挟持無端帯3,3、茎葉掻き込み装置16及びデバイダ14の下端を一体的に圃場面19より上方に大きく持ち上げることが可能となるのである。
【0037】
前記の構成は、根菜類Kが人参のような根野菜類及びニンニク、タマネギ等の球根類を収穫するための共通の構成である。
【0038】
図7〜図9は、人参等の根野菜類の根菜類Kの根毛、即ち、根菜類Kの主根K3(地中部)先端の根毛部分(尻尾部分)K2を切断するための根毛切断手段56を示し、該根毛切断手段56は、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3、にて茎葉部K1を挟持して吊支されながら搬送される根菜類Kの根毛K2を切断するための根毛カッター部57と、この根毛カッター部57に向けて根毛K2を案内するための根菜ガイド58とから構成され、挟持無端帯3,3による搬送経路の途中に配置されている。
【0039】
根毛カッター部57は、伝動ケース62とその伝動ケース62の上方側に突出する回転軸64に取付けられる左右一対の回転刃63、63と、その上方にスペーサ65を介して取付けられる左右一対の回転案内体66、66とから構成されている。図7及び図8から理解できるように、左右一対の回転刃63、63及び左右一対の回転案内体66、66は、対向する側で根菜類Kの搬送方向上流側から下流側に向かって回転し、両回転刃63、63の対向する側で部分的にラップし、このラップ部を通過する根毛部分K2を切除し、その上方側の太い主根K3部分は前記左右一対の回転案内体66、66におけるゴム等の3枚羽根の間にて搬送下流側に誘導される。前記左右一対の回転刃63、63及び左右一対の回転案内体66、66は、その対向する側で根菜類Kの搬送方向上流側から下流側に向かって回転するように構成されているので、搬送方向上流側から導入される根菜類Kの茎葉部KIは両回転刃63、63ならびに両回転案内体66、66の回転にてラップ部にたやすく引き込まれる。換言すると、回転刃63の外周縁で茎葉部KIが搬送方向上流側に逆戻りするような踊り現象が発生しない。
【0040】
前記伝動ケース62は、前記回転軸64と直交方向に延びる伝動軸67の軸線回りに回動可能なように支持ブラケット68に枢支されており、該支持ブラケット68は前記挟持搬送手段の支持フレーム10に固設されている。そして、前記支持ブラケット68には、伝動軸67の軸線を中心とする円弧状の案内溝孔69を穿設する一方、伝動ケース62から突出するアーム70に設けたボルト71を前記案内溝孔69に遊嵌させ、図7のように、前記伝動ケース62を、その前記回転軸64が挟持無端帯3の下面方向に向かう略垂直姿勢と、図10のように、回転軸64が挟持無端帯3の下面と略平行状乃至傾斜状で後端方向に向かう後傾姿勢とに姿勢変更調節可能とし、所定の姿勢でナット72で締めつけて姿勢保持可能に構成されている。
【0041】
また、前記作業部回動支点9と同心軸状の入力軸39に嵌着したプーリ73と前記伝動軸67に嵌着したプーリ74とに巻掛けたベルト75を介して動力伝達され、伝動ケース62内のベベルギヤ等の伝動機構を介して前記左右一対の回転軸64、64を所定方向に回転させるように構成している。
【0042】
根菜ガイド58は、前記支持ブラケット68に基端が固定されて、挟持無端帯3の下面と略平行状で搬送始端側に延びる左右一対のガイド支持杆76、76と左右一対のガイド支持杆76、76からさらに搬送始端側に延び、且つ挟持搬送ラインHを挟んで左右対称の支持アーム77、77とにより構成されている。左右一対のガイド支持杆76、76は平面視コ字状で、両回転刃63、63の外周上面側に配置されている。左右一対の支持アーム77、77は、両回転刃63、63に対する根菜類Kの導入側であって外周側で左右間隔が狭く、搬送始端側に行くに従って左右間隔が広くなるように平面視先端広がり状配置されている。この左右一対の支持アーム77、77には、「く」の字状に形成されたガイド板79、79が下向きに取り付けられ、挟持搬送される根菜類Kの根毛部分K2のみを切除できるように案内される。
【0043】
次に、根菜類Kが玉葱(タマネギ)、大蒜(ニンニク)等の球根類である場合、これらの球根部(鱗茎、球茎を含む)K4を処理するための球根処理部の構成について説明する。球根処理部は、図10及び図11に示すように、球根部K4に付着する土の土除去手段90と、球根部K4の下端から延びる根K5を切除するための根切除手段91とで構成されているものである。また、前記土除去手段90は、挟持搬送中の球根部K4及び球根部K4と前記茎葉部K1との付け根部分等に接触する左右一対の回転土除去体92、92で構成されている。実施形態では、中央ボス部92aから半径外方向に突出する複数の軟質合成樹脂材からなる土はたき部92bからなるが、半径外方向に突出する複数のブラシ体であっても良い。さらに、前記土除去手段90を前記根切除手段91よりも搬送方向上流側に配置する。これにより、根切除手段91や茎葉部切断手段44における回転刃が土や小石を咬まないから、刃の欠け等の事故を無くし、耐久性を向上させることができる。
【0044】
人参等の根菜類Kを収穫するのに代えて大蒜のように球根部K4を有する根菜類を収穫する場合には、前記根毛切断手段56における両回転刃63、63ならびに両回転案内体66、66を回転軸64、64から取外し、該両回転軸64、64に左右一対の回転土除去体92、92を連結する(部品交換する)。そして、前記ナット72を緩め、伝動ケース62を回動し、回転軸64、64の向きを、図10に示すように、根菜類Kの搬送方向と略平行状とするか、乃至は搬送される球根部K4が搬送上流側で回転土除去体92、92の外周部位を通過し、搬送下流側で回転土除去体92、92の半径内寄り部位を通過するように傾斜させる。これらのように構成すると、大蒜のように球根部K4を有し、且つ球根部K4が土中に埋まっているため、引き抜きにより球根部K4及び球根部K4と前記茎葉部K1との付け根部分に付着した土93を除去する場合等に効果的である。
【0045】
両回転土除去体92、92がその対向する側で根菜類Kの搬送方向上流側から下流側に向かって回転するように構成されているので、搬送方向上流側から導入される根菜類Kの球根部K4は両回転土除去体92、92の回転にてラップ部にたやすく引き込まれる。換言すると、回転土除去体92の外周縁で球根部K4が搬送方向上流側に逆戻りするような踊り現象が発生しない。
【0046】
根切除手段91は、図1、図12及び図13に示すように、前記茎葉部切断手段44より搬送上流側であって、近傍に配置されている。この根切除手段91は、茎葉部切断手段44と同様に、根菜類Kの球根部K4の上端を水平後方向に案内しながら、前記茎葉排出装置43へ茎葉部を受け継がせるための左右一対の案内杆96、96と、該案内杆96の下方に配置された伝動ケース94の上方に突出した左右一対の回転軸に取付けられた回転刃95、95と、により構成されている(図12及び図13参照)。
【0047】
そして、前記左右一対の回転刃95、95にて球根部K4の下端から下方にのびる根K5を切除できるものであり、この両回転刃95、95もその対向する側で根菜類Kの搬送方向上流側から下流側に向かって回転するように構成されているので、搬送方向上流側から導入される根菜類Kの球根部K4は、両回転刃95、95の外周縁で搬送方向上流側に逆戻りするような踊り現象が発生せず、根K5のみを確実に切除できるのである。なお、案内杆96に対して回転刃95の高さ位置を調節可能とするため、伝動ケース94を図示しないフレームに対して上下位置調節可能に構成されている。
【0048】
また、前記左右一対の回転刃95、95における搬送方向下流側の外周縁より半径外側に後縁が突出するように断面L字状などのガード体97を配置する。これにより、万一、搬送方向下流側に配置された茎葉部切断手段44の導入部で根菜類Kの球根部K4が踊ったときも、前記左右一対の回転刃95、95における搬送方向下流側の外周縁に球根部K4が接触して傷つくのを防止できるのである。
【0049】
根切除手段91及び茎葉部切断手段44はそれぞれ高さ位置調節可能に構成されていることが好ましい。前記根毛切断手段56、土除去手段90及び根切除手段91は、いずれも取外し可能(着脱可能)であることが好ましい。また、前記根毛切断手段56で切断された根毛や、土除去手段90で撥ね飛ばされた土や根切除手段91で切除手された根が走行機体1上に直接積もらないように、換言すればこれらの根毛、土、根が圃場面に直接落ちるように、前記根毛切断手段56、土除去手段90及び根切除手段91は、走行機体1の一側外方に配置されていることが好ましい。前記根毛切断手段56及び土除去手段90は走行機体1の前方に配置されていても良い。
【0050】
【発明の効果】
以上に詳述したように、請求項1に記載の発明の根菜収穫機は、圃場に植生している根菜類Kの茎葉部K1を左右から挟持して引き抜き搬送する挟持搬送手段(挟持無端帯3)と、前記挟持搬送手段3の挟持搬送中の根菜類Kの球根部K4を処理する球根処理部と、該挟持搬送手段3の後端部で前記茎葉部K1を切断する茎葉部切断手段44とを備え、前記球根処理部は、前記球根部K4に付着する土を除去する土除去手段90と、球根部K4の下端から延びる根K5を切除する根切除手段91とで構成され、土はたき部92bを有する回転土除去体92によって前記土除去手段90を形成する根菜収穫機において、前記挟持搬送手段3の根菜類Kの搬送方向と平行状に向けた回転軸64に前記回転土除去体92を設け、前記根切除手段91よりも搬送方向上流側に前記回転土除去体92を配置させ、回転土除去体92の回転によって前記球根部Kを引き込み可能に構成したものである。
【0051】
【0052】
この構成により、根菜類のうち、球根類の球根部に付着する土の除去と、球根部の根を切除するという処理ができて、球根類の収穫作業が効率良く行えるという効果を奏する。
【0053】
また、前記土除去手段を前記根切除手段よりも搬送方向上流側に配置したものであるから、後続の根切りや、茎葉部の切断作業時に根や茎葉部に土が付着していないので、カッターの摩耗や刃こぼれが発生せず、装置の耐久性が向上するという効果を奏する。
【0054】
前記挟持搬送手段の挟持搬送中の球根部及び球根部と前記茎葉部との付け根部分に前記回転土除去体を接触させることができ、球根部を通過させるだけで、簡単に土の除去ができて、作業効率が良いという効果を奏する。
【0055】
【0056】
前記球根部を引き込み可能に回転土除去体を回転させると、根菜類の茎葉部や球根部が土除去手段、根切除手段の導入側において踊り跳ねるという現象を無くし、切断や土除去を確実に実行できるという効果を奏する。
【0057】
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 根菜収穫機の側面図である。
【図2】 根菜収穫機の平面図である。
【図3】 根菜収穫機の正面図である。
【図4】 根菜収穫機の動力伝達機構の平面図である。
【図5】 茎葉部切断手段の平面図である。
【図6】 茎葉部切断手段の側面図である。
【図7】 根毛切断手段の側面図である。
【図8】 根毛切断手段の要部拡大平面図である。
【図9】 根毛切断手段の要部拡大正面図である。
【図10】 土除去手段の側面図である。
【図11】 土除去手段の平面図である。
【図12】 根切除手段の平面図である。
【図13】 根切除手段の側面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 走行機体
2a,2b 走行クローラ
3,3 挟持無端帯
10 支持フレーム
11,11 始端ホイール
14 デバイダ
16 茎葉掻込み装置
25 掘り起こし刃
26 油圧シリンダ
44 茎葉部切断手段
56 根毛切断手段
90 土除去手段
91 根切除手段
92 回転土除去体
95 回転刃
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improved structure of a harvester for root vegetables such as carrots and persimmons.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a structure of a known root vegetable harvesting machine for harvesting root vegetables planted in a row in a field by pulling out, holding and conveying them, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 9-233925 and 11-318155 are disclosed. Then, a pair of left and right sandwiched endless belts are arranged from the lower front part near one side of the traveling machine body that runs on the pair of left and right traveling crawlers mounted on the traveling machine body to the rear upper part of the traveling machine body, and the starting end side of the sandwiched endless band (Front end side) Below, while providing a subsoiler with a digging blade that digs the bottom of root vegetables such as carrots vegetated in the field by vibration, at the rear end of conveyance of the pair of left and right endless belts Discloses a configuration in which a pair of left and right rotary cutters for cutting between a stem and a leaf part and a root part of a carrot to be sandwiched and conveyed are arranged.
[0003]
And in Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 11-318155, the carrot lower part cutting device which consists of a pair of left and right rotating blades for cut | disconnecting the lower part of the said ginseng was provided below the conveyance path middle part of the said pair of left and right endless belts. A configuration is disclosed.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, as for root vegetables, in addition to the above-mentioned root vegetables such as carrots and persimmons, bulbs such as onions, garlic and lily roots (including bulbs and bulbs, bulb vegatables) There is. In root vegetables such as carrots, generally, thick tuberous roots are long in the vertical direction, and a large number of elongated roots extend on the outer periphery (particularly on the lower end side) of the tuberous root portion. On the other hand, in bulbs, many elongated roots extend to the lower end side of a substantially spherical bulb or bulb. And the said bulbs had the problem that unless the root was cut and removed, buds continued to grow and the commercial value after harvesting was lowered.
[0005]
Also, among the bulbs, those like garlic are below the field scene, that is, the bulb part is completely buried in the soil, so when pulling out with the harvesting machine, There was also a problem that the soil remained adhered, and it took time and effort to drop the soil later.
[0006]
Furthermore, if it is necessary to purchase a dedicated harvester for harvesting only the bulbs in addition to the harvester that harvests root vegetables such as carrots, the farmer is forced to spend a lot of money. There was also a problem of being uneconomical.
[0007]
The present invention has been made to solve these problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a harvester capable of processing bulbs such as onions and garlic in addition to the root vegetables such as carrots. is there.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the root vegetable harvesting machine of the invention according to claim 1 includes a sandwiching conveying means that sandwiches and extracts the stems and leaves of root vegetables planted in the field from the left and right, and A bulb processing unit for processing the bulb part of the root vegetables being nipped and conveyed by the nipping and conveying means; Rear end of the holding and conveying means Cut the foliage with A foliage cutting means, The bulb processing unit includes soil removing means for removing soil adhering to the bulb part, and root excision means for excising a root extending from the lower end of the bulb part. Form soil removal means In the root crop harvester The rotary soil removing body is provided on a rotary shaft directed parallel to the conveyance direction of the root vegetables of the sandwiching and conveying means, and the rotary soil removing body is disposed upstream of the root cutting means in the conveying direction, thereby removing the rotary soil. The bulb can be retracted by rotating the body. Is.
[0009]
[0010]
[0011]
[0012]
[0013]
[0014]
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, an embodiment embodying the present invention will be described. 1 is a side view of a root vegetable harvester, FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the whole root vegetable harvester, FIG. 3 is a schematic front view, FIG. 4 is a plan view of a transmission system, and FIG. 6 is a schematic side view, FIG. 7 is a side view of the root hair cutting means, and FIG. 10 is a side view of the soil removing means.
[0016]
The root vegetable harvesting machine of the present invention is to extract the root vegetables K from the field, sandwich and convey them, and harvest them. The root vegetables K used below are root vegetables such as carrots and persimmons as described above. (Root vegetables), bulbs such as onions, garlic, and lily roots (including bulbs and bulbs, bulb vegatables).
[0017]
In the plan view shown in FIG. 2, a pair of left and right traveling crawlers 2 a and 2 b are disposed below the traveling machine body 1, and on the traveling machine body 1, the side where the root vegetables K such as carrots are already dug up (the upper side in FIG. 2, the traveling direction). On the inner side of the outer edge of the traveling crawler 2b (on the right side), the steering column 4, the driver seat 5, and the engine 6 are disposed from the front end, and the transmission 7 is disposed on the rear end side of the traveling body 1, Power is transmitted from the transmission 7 to drive wheels 8 (see FIG. 1) disposed at the rear ends of the pair of left and right traveling crawlers 2a and 2b. Further, on the side of the root vegetable K that has not been dug up (the lower side in FIG. 2, the outer side of the outer edge of the traveling crawler 2a on the left in the traveling direction is referred to as the side that has not been dug up), nipping and conveying means comprising a pair of left and right endless belts 3 and 3 Are arranged so that at least the start end side is located.
[0018]
The start-end wheels 11 and 11 and the rear-end wheels 12 and 12 mounted on the support frame 10 supported so as to be rotatable up and down via the bracket 10a at the work portion rotation fulcrum 9 near the rear portion of the traveling machine body 1 include The pair of left and right endless belts 3, 3 are wound around, and the front and rear intermediate portions of the respective endless belts 3 are supported by a number of intermediate wheels 13 in a substantially straight line.
[0019]
The pinching endless band 3 elastically pinches the V-belt portion that fits in a double V-groove on the outer periphery of the start wheel 11, the rear wheel 12, and the intermediate wheel 13 and the foliage of the root vegetables K. Therefore, the soft pinching portion has a surface of a soft foam such as sponge rubber having a high rubber hardness and is stationary for a long time. The surface layers are not bonded to each other by the pressing force of and are covered with a surface layer such as hard rubber or silicone rubber having moisture impermeability.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 2, the pinching and conveying line H of the root vegetables K by the pair of left and right endless belts 3 and 3 is from the outer edge of the running crawler 2 a on the already digging side close to the uncut side of the root vegetables K. Arranged so as to be substantially parallel to the traveling direction of the traveling machine body 1 in plan view on the outside. In addition, by providing a large-diameter scraping wheel (not shown) that rotates integrally with the start end wheels 11, 11, a nipping and conveying start portion (start end portion) is configured.
[0021]
Further, among the pair of left and right endless strips 3 and 3, the roots of the root vegetables K to be pulled out at the lower front part of the root vegetables K on the unexcavated side are the stems and leaves of the root vegetables K on the unexcavated side of the root vegetables K. A divider 14 is provided for separation so as not to be entangled with the portion. The divider 14 includes an endless belt that is rotationally driven and a plurality of weed tines 15 whose base ends are mounted at predetermined intervals on the front side in the traveling direction of the traveling machine body 1 from the field scene 19 side in a substantially vertical plane. It is configured to move upward.
[0022]
Further, among the pair of left and right sandwiched endless belts 3 and 3, the foliage for scraping the stems and leaves of the root vegetables K to be pulled out in the direction of the sandwiching conveyance line H in the lower part on the front side of the root vegetables K already dug up A scraping device 16 is arranged. In this foliage scraping device 16, a scraping tine 17 in which a plurality of proximal ends are mounted on a rotationally driven endless belt 16 a at a predetermined interval is mutually connected to the weeding tine 15 in the divider 14 on the front side of the starting wheel 11. When the scraping tine 17 is arranged so as to be substantially orthogonal and moves upward from the farm scene 19, the tip of the scraping tine 17 becomes the non-operating side of the weed tine 15 in the case of the divider 14. It arrange | positions so that the side cover part 14a may be opposed.
[0023]
In this way, the weeding tine 15 that moves upward in a substantially vertical plane of the divider 14 and the foliage scraping device 16 having the scraping tine 17 that is perpendicular to the side surface cover portion 14a of the divider 14 are dug up. The left and right sides of the stems and leaves that hang down (fall down) in the power root vegetables K can also be scraped upward.
[0024]
The weed tine 15 and the scraping tine 17 are made of an elastic body such as rubber, and the tip of each of the tines 15 and 17 is configured to bend when it comes into contact with the field scene 19 and then to recover its shape. Yes.
[0025]
As shown in FIG. 1, the rotation fulcrums 20, 21 on the base end sides of the upper link 22 and the lower link 23 as an elevating link mechanism for elevating and lowering the subsoiler are forward of the working unit rotation fulcrum 9. A vertical support rod 24 is connected to the distal end side of the upper link 22 and the lower link 23 as parallel links which are arranged on the inner side surface of the traveling machine body and which can be pivoted up and down around the vertical pivot fulcrums 20 and 21. The digging blade 25 is fixed to the lower end of the vertical support rod 24.
[0026]
1 and 2, an endless belt 29 is wound around the pulley 28 fixed to the input shaft 20a of the upper rotation fulcrum 20 and the output pulley 27 of the engine 6, and the input shaft 20a. And the base end of the upper link 22 is connected via an eccentric boss (not shown) fitted to the input shaft 20a, and the upper link 22 is driven to vibrate in the vertical direction. Thereby, the digging and raising blade 25 inserted from the farm scene 19 is vibrated up and down and / or back and forth below the root of the root vegetable K, so that the root of the root vegetable K can be easily pulled out as the traveling machine body 1 moves forward. It is configured as follows.
[0027]
The parallel upper and lower links 22, 23 are configured to move up and down by a hydraulic cylinder 26 mounted between the base end of the lower link 23 and the traveling machine body 1.
[0028]
As can be understood with reference to FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, in plan view, behind the foliage raising device 16, the digging blade 25 in the subsoiler, its vertical support rod 24, and the vertical support rod 24 are moved up and down. And a lifting link mechanism (upper and lower links 22, 23) are arranged so as to overlap with the foliage scratching device 16 in a plan view, and as shown in FIG. The vertical support rod 24 and the lifting link mechanism (upper and lower links 22, 23) for raising and lowering the vertical support rod 24 are arranged so as not to overlap with the foliage raising device 16.
[0029]
Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the lifting link mechanism (upper and lower links 22, 23) in the subsoiler overlaps with the traveling crawler 2 a on the non-digging side in a plan view, but as shown in FIG. Is arranged so that the lower link 23 does not interfere with the traveling crawler 2a when the lifting link is lowered during the digging work located in the farm scene 19.
[0030]
1, 2, and 4, a forward pipe frame 31 is connected to the tip of a pipe-shaped power transmission lateral frame 30 provided on the concentric shaft with the working portion rotation fulcrum 9, At the tip of the pipe frame 31 is connected a transmission pipe 32 for scraping the stems and leaves that extends toward the side where the root vegetables K have already been dug up above the midway in the longitudinal direction of the pair of left and right endless bands 3 and 3. A transmission case 34 for the divider is connected to the upper part of the divider 14 via a transmission case 33 extending in the forward direction from the unexcavated side end of the insertion transmission pipe 32. Then, the pulley 37 fixed to the input shaft 20a coaxial with the upper rotation fulcrum 20 is connected to the working portion rotation fulcrum 9 and the concentric shaft through an endless belt 38 such as a belt, and a power transmission lateral frame. Power is transmitted to a pulley 40 fixed to the protruding end of an input shaft 39 that is inserted into the shaft 30, and further, a transmission shaft in a forward pipe frame 31, a foliage scraping transmission pipe 32, a transmission case 33, and a divider transmission case 34 Power is transmitted to the foliage scraping device 16 and the divider 14 via a transmission mechanism such as the above.
[0031]
Further, power is transmitted from the pulley fixed to the input shaft 39 which is a concentric shaft to the working portion rotation fulcrum 9 to the rear transmission case 42 via the chain 41, and both the paired left and right endless belts 3, 3 Power is transmitted to the input portion coaxial with the rear end wheel 12 to drive the both ends of the endless belts 3 and 3 at the same time, and the foliage of the root vegetables K is transported horizontally rearward below the rear end wheels 12. Rotational force is transmitted to the foliage discharging device 43 composed of endless transport bands 43a, 43b arranged vertically in a pair of left and right and the foliage cutting means 44 composed of a pair of horizontally rotating rotary blades 44a, 44a. A pair of left and right guide rods 45 are provided below the both rear end wheels 12 for guiding the upper ends of the roots of the root vegetables K in the horizontal rear direction so that the foliage discharging device 43 can inherit the foliage portions. (See FIGS. 5 and 6).
[0032]
Power is transmitted to the side chain sprocket 60 of the transmission case 44 b of the foliage cutting means 44 via the chain 41. When the transmission case 44b is mounted on the support frame 10 or the like, the bracket 62 projecting downward from the transmission case 44b is rotatably supported with respect to the frame 63 via the support shaft 64, and the support shaft 64 is the center. When the rotary blades 44a and 44a are rotated so that the side of the rotary blades 44a faces downward (see the two-dot chain line in FIG. 5), if the chain wound around the side chain sprocket 60 is set to be on the loose side, Maintenance work such as replacement of the blade 44a is facilitated.
[0033]
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the transmission case 44 b includes a pair of left and right arm cases 44 c, 44 c that are equipped with shafts and side bevel gears for driving the left and right rotary blades 44 a, 44 a. It protrudes forward at a wider interval than the thickness of class K. Both rotary blades 44a, 44a are partially wrapped on the opposite sides. The pair of left and right rotary blades 44a, 44a are configured to rotate from the upstream side in the conveyance direction of the root vegetables K toward the downstream side on the opposite side thereof, so that the root vegetables introduced from the upstream side in the conveyance direction. The K foliage portion KI is easily drawn into the lap portion by the rotation of the rotary blades 44a and 44a. In other words, there is no dance phenomenon in which the foliage part KI returns to the upstream side in the transport direction at the outer peripheral edge of the rotary blade 44a.
[0034]
Further, a shock absorbing plate 61 such as a sponge plate is disposed so as to surround the inner surface of the transmission case 44b and the pair of left and right arm cases 44c, 44c so that the cut root vegetables K do not directly collide with the hard case. .
[0035]
Below the foliage cutting means 44, the root of the root vegetables K from which the foliage has been cut and separated is received and conveyed to the side of the rear end of the traveling machine body 1 (the side where the root vegetables K have already been dug up). A sorting conveyor 46 is arranged, and power is transmitted from the PTO output shaft 36 of the transmission 7 to an input 46a to the sorting conveyor 46 via pulleys and chains 47a and 47b. In this sorting conveyor 46, a large number of rod-shaped slats are stretched between a pair of endless chains at regular intervals, and an operator walking at the rear end of the traveling machine body 1 is placed on the sorting conveyor 46. Select defective products from root vegetables K. At the discharge end of the sorting conveyor 46, there is a longitudinal container base 49 on which a container 48 for receiving and accumulating non-defective root vegetables K is placed. The container base 49 is connected to the side surface of the traveling machine body 1 through a hinge so that the base end can be turned up and down. The container base 49 rotates upward when not working, and the container base 49 becomes substantially horizontal when working. The posture is maintained. The cut foliage portion is discharged from the rear end of the foliage discharge device 43 to the farm scene 19. At that time, the guide plate 55 is guided by a curved guide plate 55 so as not to fall on the unseen side farm scene 19.
[0036]
Further, as described above, the pair of left and right endless belts 3 and 3, the foliage scraping device 16, and the divider 14 are configured so as to integrally rotate up and down around the working portion rotation fulcrum 9. The frames are connected to each other, and are supported with respect to the farm scene 19 by a ground contact front wheel 52 attached to a front end of a support rod 51 protruding forward from the front side thereof. When not working or traveling on the road, the digging blade 25, the left and right pair of sandwiched endless belts 3, 3, the foliage scraper 16 and the divider 14 are placed in the raised position so that they do not interfere with the ground. In order to hold it, when the hydraulic cylinder 26 is driven, the front end sides of the parallel upper and lower links 22 and 23 which are lifting link mechanisms rotate upward. At this time, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the upper surface of the pushable rotatable roller 53 provided on the side surface of the lower link 23 is on the lower surface side of the support frame 10 of the pair of sandwiched endless bands 3 and 3. If it is configured to move along the lower surface of the provided guide rail 54 in the side view, the endless belt sandwiched together with the digging blade 25 by the operation of the piston rod projecting movement of one hydraulic cylinder 26 3 and 3, the lower ends of the foliage scraping device 16 and the divider 14 can be integrally lifted upward from the field scene 19.
[0037]
The above-mentioned configuration is a common configuration for the root vegetables K to harvest root vegetables such as carrots and bulbs such as garlic and onion.
[0038]
7 to 9 show root hair cutting means 56 for cutting root hairs of root vegetables K such as carrots, that is, root hair parts (tail parts) K2 at the tips of the main roots K3 (ground part) of root vegetables K. The root hair cutting means 56 is a root hair cutter for cutting the root hair K2 of the root vegetable K that is conveyed while being sandwiched and supported by the pair of left and right endless belts 3, 3 It is comprised from the part 57 and the root vegetable guide 58 for guiding the root hair K2 toward this root hair cutter part 57, and is arrange | positioned in the middle of the conveyance path | route by the pinching endless bands 3 and 3. FIG.
[0039]
The root hair cutter portion 57 includes a pair of left and right rotary blades 63, 63 attached to a transmission case 62 and a rotary shaft 64 protruding above the transmission case 62, and a pair of left and right rotations attached to the upper side via a spacer 65. It is comprised from the guide bodies 66 and 66. FIG. As can be understood from FIGS. 7 and 8, the pair of left and right rotating blades 63, 63 and the pair of left and right rotating guide bodies 66, 66 rotate from the upstream side toward the downstream side in the conveying direction of the root vegetables K on the opposite side. Then, it partially wraps on the opposite sides of the rotary blades 63, 63, cuts off the root hair portion K2 passing through the wrap portion, the thick main root K3 portion on the upper side thereof is the pair of left and right rotation guide bodies 66, It is guided to the downstream side of conveyance between three blades of rubber or the like in 66. Since the pair of left and right rotary blades 63, 63 and the pair of left and right rotation guide bodies 66, 66 are configured to rotate from the upstream side toward the downstream side in the conveying direction of the root vegetables K on the opposite side, The stem and leaf portion KI of the root vegetable K introduced from the upstream side in the conveying direction is easily drawn into the lap portion by the rotation of the rotary blades 63 and 63 and the rotary guide bodies 66 and 66. In other words, there is no dance phenomenon in which the foliage KI returns to the upstream side in the transport direction at the outer peripheral edge of the rotary blade 63.
[0040]
The transmission case 62 is pivotally supported by a support bracket 68 so as to be rotatable about an axis of a transmission shaft 67 extending in a direction orthogonal to the rotation shaft 64, and the support bracket 68 is a support frame of the holding and conveying means. 10 is fixed. The support bracket 68 is provided with an arcuate guide groove hole 69 centered on the axis of the transmission shaft 67, while a bolt 71 provided on the arm 70 protruding from the transmission case 62 is provided with the guide groove hole 69. As shown in FIG. 7, the transmission case 62 is loosely fitted to the lower end of the clamping endless belt 3 and the rotation shaft 64 is clamped and endless as shown in FIG. 3 is configured to be capable of adjusting the posture to a rearward inclined posture toward the rear end direction in a substantially parallel or inclined manner with respect to the lower surface of No. 3, and to be able to hold the posture by tightening with a nut 72 in a predetermined posture.
[0041]
Further, power is transmitted through a belt 75 wound around a pulley 73 fitted to the input shaft 39 concentric with the working portion rotation fulcrum 9 and a pulley 74 fitted to the transmission shaft 67, and the transmission case The pair of left and right rotating shafts 64, 64 are configured to rotate in a predetermined direction via a transmission mechanism such as a bevel gear in 62.
[0042]
The root vegetable guide 58 has a base end fixed to the support bracket 68, and a pair of left and right guide support rods 76, 76 that extend substantially parallel to the lower surface of the sandwiched endless belt 3 and extend toward the conveyance start end side, and a pair of left and right guide support rods 76. , 76 further to the conveyance start end side, and is constituted by left and right support arms 77 and 77 with the nipping conveyance line H interposed therebetween. The pair of left and right guide support rods 76 and 76 are U-shaped in plan view, and are disposed on the outer peripheral upper surfaces of the rotary blades 63 and 63. The pair of left and right support arms 77, 77 is a leading end in a plan view so that the left and right intervals are narrow on the outer peripheral side on the introduction side of the root vegetables K with respect to the rotary blades 63, 63, and the left and right intervals increase toward the conveyance start end side. It is spread out. The left and right support arms 77, 77 are attached with guide plates 79, 79 formed in a "<" shape so as to be able to cut out only the root hair portion K2 of the root vegetables K being nipped and conveyed. Guided.
[0043]
Next, when the root vegetables K are bulbs such as onions and garlic, the configuration of the bulb processing unit for processing these bulb parts (including bulbs and bulbs) K4 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the bulb processing unit includes soil removal means 90 for soil adhering to the bulb portion K4 and root excision means 91 for excising the root K5 extending from the lower end of the bulb portion K4. It is what has been. The soil removing means 90 is composed of a pair of left and right rotating soil removers 92 and 92 that are in contact with the root portion of the bulb portion K4 and the root portion K1 of the bulb portion K4 and the foliage portion K1. In the embodiment, the soil is made of the soiled portion 92b made of a plurality of soft synthetic resin materials protruding radially outward from the central boss portion 92a, but may be a plurality of brush bodies protruding radially outward. Further, the soil removing means 90 is disposed upstream of the root cutting means 91 in the transport direction. Thereby, since the rotary blade in the root cutting means 91 and the foliage cutting means 44 does not bite soil or pebbles, accidents such as chipping of the blade can be eliminated and durability can be improved.
[0044]
In the case of harvesting root vegetables having bulb part K4 like a large salmon instead of harvesting root vegetables K such as carrots, both rotary blades 63, 63 and both rotary guide bodies 66 in the root hair cutting means 56, 66 is removed from the rotating shafts 64, 64, and a pair of left and right rotating soil removing bodies 92, 92 are connected to the rotating shafts 64, 64 (part replacement). Then, the nut 72 is loosened, the transmission case 62 is rotated, and the directions of the rotating shafts 64 and 64 are made substantially parallel to the conveying direction of the root vegetables K as shown in FIG. The bulb portion K4 is inclined so as to pass through the outer peripheral portion of the rotary soil removing bodies 92, 92 on the upstream side of the conveyance and to pass through the radially inward portion of the rotary soil removing bodies 92, 92 on the downstream side of the conveyance. If comprised like this, since it has the bulb part K4 like a large spider and the bulb part K4 is buried in the soil, the bulb part K4 and the root part of the bulb part K4 and the foliage part K1 are pulled out by pulling out. This is effective when removing the attached soil 93.
[0045]
Since both rotary soil removing bodies 92, 92 are configured to rotate from the upstream side in the conveyance direction of the root vegetables K toward the downstream side on the opposite side, the root vegetable K introduced from the upstream side in the conveyance direction. The bulb part K4 is easily drawn into the lap part by the rotation of the rotary soil removing bodies 92, 92. In other words, there is no dance phenomenon in which the bulb portion K4 returns to the upstream side in the transport direction at the outer peripheral edge of the rotary soil removing body 92.
[0046]
As shown in FIGS. 1, 12, and 13, the root excision means 91 is arranged on the upstream side of the foliage cutting means 44 and in the vicinity thereof. This root excision means 91 is a pair of left and right for passing the foliage part to the foliage discharge device 43 while guiding the upper end of the bulb part K4 of the root vegetables K in the horizontal rear direction, like the foliage cutting means 44. Guide rods 96, 96, and rotary blades 95, 95 attached to a pair of left and right rotating shafts protruding above a transmission case 94 disposed below the guide rod 96 (see FIG. 12 and FIG. 12). (See FIG. 13).
[0047]
The root K5 extending downward from the lower end of the bulb portion K4 can be cut off by the pair of left and right rotary blades 95, 95. The rotary blades 95, 95 are also transported in the direction of root vegetables K on the opposite side. Since it is configured to rotate from the upstream side toward the downstream side, the bulb portion K4 of the root vegetables K introduced from the upstream side in the transport direction is located upstream of the outer peripheral edges of the rotary blades 95, 95 in the transport direction. The dance phenomenon that reverses does not occur, and only the root K5 can be removed reliably. In addition, in order to make it possible to adjust the height position of the rotary blade 95 with respect to the guide rod 96, the transmission case 94 is configured to be vertically adjustable with respect to a frame (not shown).
[0048]
Further, a guard body 97 having an L-shaped cross section is disposed so that the rear edge protrudes radially outward from the outer peripheral edge on the downstream side in the transport direction of the pair of left and right rotary blades 95. Thereby, even if the bulb part K4 of the root vegetables K dances at the introduction part of the foliage section cutting means 44 arranged on the downstream side in the transport direction, the downstream side in the transport direction of the pair of left and right rotary blades 95, 95. It is possible to prevent the bulb portion K4 from coming into contact with the outer peripheral edge and damaging it.
[0049]
It is preferable that the root excision means 91 and the foliage cutting means 44 are each configured to be adjustable in height position. It is preferable that the root hair cutting means 56, the soil removing means 90, and the root cutting means 91 are all removable (detachable). In other words, the root hairs cut by the root hair cutting means 56, the soil repelled by the soil removing means 90, and the roots cut by the root cutting means 91 do not directly accumulate on the traveling machine body 1. The root hair cutting means 56, the soil removing means 90, and the root excision means 91 are preferably arranged on one side outward of the traveling machine body 1 so that these root hairs, soil, and roots fall directly on the field scene. The root hair cutting means 56 and the soil removing means 90 may be disposed in front of the traveling machine body 1.
[0050]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, the root vegetable harvesting machine according to the first aspect of the present invention is a nipping and conveying means (nipping endless belt) for nipping and conveying the stems and leaves K1 of the root vegetables K planted in the field from the left and right. 3) and A bulb processing unit for processing the bulb part K4 of the root vegetables K being nipped and conveyed by the nipping and conveying means 3; Rear end portion of the holding and conveying means 3 Cut the foliage part K1 with And a foliage cutting means 44, The bulb processing unit includes soil removing means 90 for removing soil adhering to the bulb part K4, and root cutting means 91 for cutting a root K5 extending from the lower end of the bulb part K4, and has a soil hitting part 92b. The soil removing means 90 is formed by the rotating soil removing body 92. In the root crop harvester The rotating soil removing body 92 is provided on a rotating shaft 64 that is parallel to the conveying direction of the root vegetables K of the sandwich conveying means 3, and the rotating soil removing body 92 is disposed upstream of the root cutting means 91 in the conveying direction. The bulb portion K is configured to be retractable by the rotation of the rotary earth removing body 92. Is.
[0051]
[0052]
With this configuration, Among the root vegetables, it is possible to remove soil adhering to the bulb parts of the bulbs and to excise the roots of the bulb parts, thereby producing an effect that the harvesting work of the bulbs can be performed efficiently.
[0053]
Also, Since the soil removing means is disposed upstream of the root excision means in the conveying direction, soil does not adhere to the roots or foliage during subsequent root cutting or foliage cutting operations. There is an effect that the durability of the apparatus is improved without wear or blade spilling.
[0054]
Of the nipping and conveying means At the root part of the bulb part and the bulb part and the foliage part during nipping conveyance The rotating soil removing body can be brought into contact; The soil can be easily removed simply by passing the bulb portion, and the working efficiency is improved.
[0055]
[0056]
Rotating soil remover so that the bulb can be pulled in When it is rotated, the phenomenon that the stems and bulbs of the root vegetables dance and jump on the introduction side of the soil removal means and the root excision means is eliminated, and cutting and soil removal can be performed reliably.
[0057]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of a root crop harvesting machine.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a root crop harvesting machine.
FIG. 3 is a front view of a root crop harvesting machine.
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a power transmission mechanism of a root vegetable harvesting machine.
FIG. 5 is a plan view of a foliage cutting means.
FIG. 6 is a side view of the foliage cutting means.
FIG. 7 is a side view of root hair cutting means.
FIG. 8 is an enlarged plan view of a main part of the root hair cutting means.
FIG. 9 is an enlarged front view of the main part of the root hair cutting means.
FIG. 10 is a side view of the soil removing means.
FIG. 11 is a plan view of the soil removing means.
FIG. 12 is a plan view of the root excision means.
FIG. 13 is a side view of the root excision means.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Airframe
2a, 2b Traveling crawler
3,3 Endless belt
10 Support frame
11,11 Starting wheel
14 Divider
16 Stem and leaf scraping device
25 digging blade
26 Hydraulic cylinder
44 Foliage cutting means
56 Root hair cutting means
90 Soil removal means
91 Root resection means
92 Rotating soil remover
95 Rotating blade

Claims (1)

圃場に植生している根菜類の茎葉部を左右から挟持して引き抜き搬送する挟持搬送手段と、前記挟持搬送手段の挟持搬送中の根菜類の球根部を処理する球根処理部と、該挟持搬送手段の後端部で前記茎葉部を切断する茎葉部切断手段とを備え、前記球根処理部は、前記球根部に付着する土を除去する土除去手段と、球根部の下端から延びる根を切除する根切除手段とで構成され、土はたき部を有する回転土除去体によって前記土除去手段を形成する根菜収穫機において、
前記挟持搬送手段の根菜類の搬送方向と平行状に向けた回転軸に前記回転土除去体を設け、前記根切除手段よりも搬送方向上流側に前記回転土除去体を配置させ、回転土除去体の回転によって前記球根部を引き込み可能に構成したことを特徴とする根菜収穫機。
A nipping / conveying means for nipping and conveying the stems and leaves of root vegetables planted in the field from the left and right, a bulb processing unit for processing the bulbs of the root vegetables being nipped and conveyed by the nipping and conveying means, and the nipping and conveying A foliage section cutting means for cutting the foliage portion at the rear end of the means, and the bulb treatment section excises a soil extending means for removing soil adhering to the bulb section and a root extending from the lower end of the bulb section. is composed of a root resection means, the root vegetable harvesters you form the soil removing means by the rotating soil removal member having a soil slapping portion,
The rotary soil removing body is provided on a rotary shaft directed parallel to the conveyance direction of the root vegetables of the sandwiching and conveying means, and the rotary soil removing body is disposed upstream of the root cutting means in the conveying direction, thereby removing the rotary soil. A root vegetable harvesting machine characterized in that the bulb part can be retracted by rotating the body .
JP2000176560A 2000-06-13 2000-06-13 Root crop harvesting machine Expired - Lifetime JP4628522B2 (en)

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WO2005032236A1 (en) * 2003-10-03 2005-04-14 Seirei Industry Co., Ltd. Root crop harvesting machine
CN108811671A (en) * 2018-09-06 2018-11-16 陈义良 Self-propelled garlic digging harvester

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