JP3863897B2 - Root crop harvesting machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a harvester for root vegetables such as carrots.

It is well known that in a harvesting machine that holds a root vegetable planted in a field by a pair of left and right endless belts and pulls and conveys the root vegetables, a foliage processing unit is provided between the left and right endless belts. is there. In addition, in the foliage treatment part, a sowing device that causes the tine to turn sideways, a weeding device that turns the tine so-called vertically, and a divider, etc. are arranged to separate the foliage part of the digging line and the undigging line, It is also well known that the stalks and leaves of the digging strip are raised and held until they are held between the left and right endless belts.
JP-A-8-168309

  In order to properly obtain the performance of the raising device and the weeding device, it is necessary to reliably hook the tine onto the foliage. In addition, in order to properly obtain the performance of the raising device and the weeding device, the ground height of the foliage treatment unit should be adjusted so that the lower end of the turning locus of the tine tip approaches or slides in contact with the upper surface of the straw. It needs to be adjusted.

  An object of this invention is to be able to obtain the performance of a foliage processing part appropriately while obtaining the performance of a raising apparatus and a weeding apparatus appropriately.

The problems to be solved by the present invention are as described above. Next, means for solving the problems will be described.
In order to sandwich the stem and leaf portion of the root vegetable K between the pair of left and right endless strips 3 and 3 that hold the stem and leaf portion of the root vegetable K that is vegetated in the field and pull it out, and the left and right endless strips 3 and 3 In the harvesting machine provided with the foliage processing part, the foliage part of the root vegetable K to be pulled out at the front lower part of the pair of left and right endless belts 3, 3 on the front side in the advancing direction of the body, on the unexcavated side of the root vegetable K Is provided with a weeding tine 15 that moves upward in a substantially vertical plane, and the weeding tine 15 that moves upwardly in a substantially vertical plane is provided. The root device K is provided with a trigger device 16 for causing a root and leaf portion of the root vegetable K to be pulled out at the lower part of the front side of the already-excavated side of the root vegetable K. The trigger device 16 is substantially orthogonal to the weed tine 15 and the weed device 14 Tine case 65 side face A tine case that includes a pulling tine 17 that moves upward and moves upward from the field scene 19 so that the tip is the non-acting side of the weed tine 15 in the weeding device 14. It is arranged so as to face 65 side surfaces.

As is apparent from the above examples, the root vegetable harvesting machine of the present invention has the following effects.
In order to sandwich the stem and leaf portion of the root vegetable K between the pair of left and right endless strips 3 and 3 that hold the stem and leaf portion of the root vegetable K that is vegetated in the field and pull it out, and the left and right endless strips 3 and 3 In the harvesting machine provided with a stalk-and-leaves processing part, a stalk-and-leaf part of the root vegetable K to be pulled out at the front lower side of the pair of left and right endless strips 3 and 3 on the front side in the advancing direction of the body and unexcavated root vegetables K Is provided with a weeding tine 15 that moves upward in a substantially vertical plane, and the weeding tine 15 that moves upwardly in a substantially vertical plane is provided. The root device K is provided with a trigger device 16 for causing a root and leaf portion of the root vegetable K to be pulled out at the lower part of the front side of the already-excavated side of the root vegetable K. The trigger device 16 is substantially orthogonal to the weed tine 15 and the weed device 14 Tine case 65 side face A tine case that has a pulling tine 17 that moves upward and moves upward from the field scene 19 so that the tip is the non-acting side of the weeding tine 15 in the weeding device 14. Since it is arranged so as to face the 65 side surface, the weed tine 15 that moves upward in a substantially vertical plane of the weeding device 14 and the raising tine that is orthogonal to the tine case side surface 65a of the weeding device 14 Since the raising device 16 having 17 can cause the left and right sides of the sagging stem and leaves of the root vegetable K to be dug up to be raised upward, the pair of left and right endless belts 3 and 3 wound around the starting wheels 11 and 11 can be scraped up. The foliage portion can be securely clamped at the nipping / conveying start portion of the nipping / conveying means.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.
1 is a side view of a root crop harvesting machine, FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view, FIG. 3 is a front view, and FIG. 4 is a plan view of a power transmission system.
In the plan view shown in FIG. 2, a pair of left and right traveling crawlers 2 a and 2 b are disposed below the traveling machine body 1, and on the traveling machine body 1, the side where the root vegetables K such as carrots are already dug up (the upper side in FIG. The steering column 4, the driver's seat 5, and the engine 6 are arranged from the front end on the inner side (the unexcavated side) of the traveling crawler 2b on the right side in the direction), and the transmission 7 is arranged on the rear end side of the traveling machine body 1. Power is transmitted from the transmission 7 to drive wheels 8 (see FIG. 1) disposed at the rear ends of the pair of left and right traveling crawlers 2a and 2b.
Further, at least the tip of the nipping and conveying means comprising a pair of left and right nipping endless belts 3 and 3 on the non-digging side of the root vegetable K (lower side in FIG. 2, outside the outer edge of the traveling crawler 2a on the left in the traveling direction (undigging side)) It is arranged so that the side is located.

The start-end wheels 11 and 11 and the rear-end wheels 12 and 12 mounted on the support frame 10 supported so as to be rotatable up and down via the bracket 10a at the working portion rotation fulcrum 9 near the rear portion of the traveling machine body 1 include The pair of left and right endless belts 3 and 3 are wound around, and the front and rear intermediate portions of each endless belt 3 are supported in a substantially straight line by a number of intermediate wheels 13.
As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, the nail conveyance line H of the root and leaf portion of the root vegetable K by the pair of left and right endless belts 3 and 3 is outside the outer edge of the traveling crawler 2a on the unveiling side of the root vegetable K. It arrange | positions so that it may become parallel with the advancing direction of the traveling body 1 by planar view. In addition, by providing a large-diameter scraping wheel (not shown) that rotates integrally with the start-end wheels 11 and 11, a nipping and conveying start portion is configured.

  Of the pair of left and right endless belts 3 and 3, the root part of the root vegetable K to be pulled out is not entangled with the stem part of the root vegetable K on the unexcavated side. The weeding device 14 is provided for separation. This weeding device 14 has a field scene 19 in a substantially vertical plane on the front side in the traveling direction of the traveling machine body 1 with a plurality of weeding tines 15 whose base ends are mounted on a rotating endless belt at predetermined intervals. It is comprised so that it may move upward from.

  Further, of the pair of left and right sandwiched endless belts 3 and 3, a trigger device 16 for causing a root and leaf portion of the root vegetable K to be pulled out is disposed at the front lower part on the side where the root vegetable K has already been dug up. The trigger device 16 is configured so that a tine 17 having a plurality of base ends mounted at predetermined intervals on an endless belt that is rotationally driven is substantially orthogonal to the tine 15 in the weeding device 14 on the front side of the starting wheel 11. When the tine 17 is arranged and moves upward from the field scene 19, the tip of the tine 17 is arranged so as to face the side surface of the tine case that is the non-acting side of the tine 15 in the weeding device 14.

  Thus, the root vegetables to be dug out by the tine 15 that moves upward in a substantially vertical plane in the weeding device 14 and the trigger device 16 that has the tine 17 that is orthogonal to the tine case side surface 65a in the weeding device 14. Since the left and right sides of the hanging stems and leaves at K can be raised and scraped upward, the sandwiching and conveying means comprising the pair of sandwiching endless belts 3 and 3 wound around the starting end wheels 11 and 11 Thus, the foliage portion can be securely clamped.

  Further, the rotation fulcrums 20 and 21 on the base end sides of the upper link 22 and the lower link 23 as the elevating link mechanism for elevating the subsoiler are forward of the working unit rotation fulcrum 9. A vertical support rod 24 is connected to the distal end side of the upper link 22 and the lower link 23 as parallel links which are arranged on the inner side surface and can be pivoted up and down around the vertical pivot fulcrums 20 and 21. A digging blade 25 is fixed to the lower end of 24.

1 and 2, an endless belt 29 is wound around the pulley 28 fixed to the input shaft 20a of the upper rotation fulcrum 20 and the output pulley 27 of the engine 6 to input the input shaft 20a. And the base end of the upper link 22 is connected through an eccentric boss (not shown) fitted to the input shaft 20a, and the upper link 22 is driven to vibrate in the vertical direction.
Thus, the digging and raising blade 25 inserted from the farm scene 19 is vibrated up and down and / or back and forth below the root part of the root vegetable K so that the root part of the root vegetable K can be easily pulled out as the traveling machine body 1 moves forward. It is configured.

  Further, the parallel upper and lower links 22 and 23 are configured to move up and down by a hydraulic cylinder 26 mounted between the base end of the lower link 23 and the traveling machine body 1.

As shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, a forward-facing pipe frame 31 is connected to the tip of a pipe-shaped power transmission lateral frame 30 provided on the concentric shaft with the working portion pivot fulcrum 9, and the forward-facing At the tip of the pipe frame 31, a cause transmission pipe 32 extending toward the already-excavated side of the root vegetables K is connected above the middle part in the longitudinal direction of the pair of left and right gripless endless bands 3, 3. A transmission case 34 for weeding is connected to the upper part of the weeding device 14 through a transmission case 33 extending forward from the undigged side end of the digging.
Then, the pulley 37 fixed to the input shaft 20a coaxial with the upper rotation fulcrum 20 is connected to the working portion rotation fulcrum 9 and the concentric shaft through an endless belt 38 such as a belt, and a power transmission lateral frame. The power is transmitted to the pulley 40 fixed to the protruding end of the input shaft 39 that is inserted into the shaft 30, and the transmission shaft in the forward pipe frame 31, the raising transmission pipe 32, the transmission case 33, the weed transmission case 34, etc. Power is transmitted to the raising device 16 and the weeding device 14 through the transmission mechanism.

Further, power is transmitted from the pulley fixed to the input shaft 39 which is a concentric shaft to the working portion rotation fulcrum 9 to the rear transmission case 42 via the chain 41, and both the pair of left and right gripless endless bands 3, 3 are connected. Power is transmitted to an input portion coaxial with the rear end wheel 12 to drive the both endless endless belts 3 and 3 to rotate, and the root and leaf portion of the root vegetable K is conveyed horizontally rearward from the lower end wheels 12. For this purpose, the rotational force is transmitted to the foliage discharging device 43 comprising the endless transport belts 43a and 43b arranged vertically in a pair of left and right and the cutting means 44 comprising a pair of left and right rotating blades 44a and 44a.
A pair of left and right guide rods 45 are arranged below the both rear end wheels 12 for guiding the upper ends of the roots of the root vegetables K in the horizontal rear direction so that the foliage discharging device 43 is inherited. Has been.

Below the cutting means 44, there is a sorting conveyor 46 for receiving the root part of the root vegetable K from which the foliage has been cut and separated and transporting it to the side of the rear end of the traveling machine body 1 (the side where the root vegetable K has already been dug up). The power is transmitted from the PTO output shaft 36 of the transmission 7 to the input section 46a to the sorting conveyor 46 via pulleys and chains 47a and 47b.
In this sorting conveyor 46, a large number of rod-like slats 46b are stretched between a pair of endless chains at regular intervals, and an operator walking at the rear end of the traveling machine body 1 is placed on the sorting conveyor 46. Select the defective products from the root vegetables K. At the discharge end of the sorting conveyor 46, there is a longitudinal container stand 49 on which a container 48 for receiving and accumulating good root vegetables K is placed. The container base 49 is connected to the side surface of the traveling machine body 1 through a hinge so that the base end can be rotated up and down. Retained.

  The root part of the root vegetable K that is cut by the cutting means 44 and dropped is laid down so that the root part is not stuck in the gap between adjacent slats 46b in the sorting conveyor 46, and the falling root part is made of metal or the like. A cushioning material 50 made of a rubber plate is arranged in the dropping path of the root so as not to directly collide with the hard slat 46b.

Further, as described above, the pair of left and right gripless endless belts 3 and 3, the raising device 16 and the weeding device 14 are configured so as to integrally rotate up and down around the working portion rotation fulcrum 9. The frames are connected to each other, and are supported with respect to the farm scene 19 by a ground contact front wheel 52 attached to a front end of a support rod 51 protruding forward from the front side thereof.
When not working or traveling on the road, the digging blade 25, the pair of left and right gripless endless belts 3, 3, the raising device 16 and the weeding device 14 are placed in the raised position so that the lower ends do not interfere with the ground. In order to hold, when the hydraulic cylinder 26 is driven, the front end sides of the parallel upper and lower links 22 and 23 which are lifting link mechanisms rotate upward.
At this time, the upper surface of the push-up rotatable roller 53 provided on the side surface of the lower link 23 has a “h” shape in a side view provided on the lower surface side of the support frame 10 of the pair of clamped endless bands 3 and 3. If it is configured to move along the lower surface of the guide rail 54, the endless belts 3, 3, the raising device 16, and the weeds with the digging blade 25 are activated by the operation of the piston rod protruding movement of one hydraulic cylinder 26. Thus, the lower end of the device 14 can be lifted greatly upward from the farm scene 19 integrally.

Next, the root vegetable K harvesting operation with the above-described configuration will be described.
In the embodiment, the root vegetables K such as carrots vegetated in a row on the field are harvested for each row, and the operator sits on the driver's seat 5 to drive the engine 6 and advance the traveling machine body 1. However, when the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 26 is retracted, the digging and pushing blade 25 is pushed into the ground at the position of the row to be harvested, and the operator operates the steering handle to adjust the direction of the traveling machine body 1 to hold a pair of left and right grips. Alignment is performed so that the space between the pair of left and right starting end wheels 11, 11 around which the endless belts 3 and 3 are wound is positioned in the row of root vegetables K on the unexcavated side.
As the traveling machine body 1 moves forward, the tine 15 at the lower end of the weeding device 14 moves upward to separate the stems and leaves of the root vegetable K to be dug out from the stems and leaves of the root vegetable K that is not dug up. . Further, the digging blade 25 swinging up and down by the eccentric rotating boss at the base of the upper link 22 digs up below the root of the root vegetables K of the row to be harvested by loosening the subsoil.
Next, by rotation of the tines 17 of the raising device 16, the foliage is raised above the upper edge of the gripless endless bands 3, 3. At the positions of the start end wheels 11, 11 of the pair of left and right endless belts 3, 3, the stems and leaves that have been raised start to be held, and the pair of endless endless belts 3, 3 rise as they travel rearward of the traveling body 1. Therefore, the root part of the root vegetable K in which the foliage is held is pulled out from the field with a light force.

  The upper ends of the root parts of the root vegetables K that are lifted toward the rear of the traveling machine body 1 along the holding conveyance line H of the pair of holding endless bands 3 and 3 are restrained by the lower surface portion of the guide rod 45 and are substantially horizontal rearward. The foliage part above is moved to the rear of the traveling machine body 1 while being held by the left and right pair of the foliage discharging device 43 and the upper and lower transport bands 43a and 43b. In the meantime, the pair of left and right rotary blades 44 a and 44 a of the cutting means 44 cuts the root portion of the root vegetable K and the foliage portion, so that the root portion of the root vegetable K falls freely and temporarily falls into the buffer material 50. After being received and buffered, it is moved laterally on the sorting conveyor 46, collected in the container 48 at the rear of the container table 49 and harvested. The cut foliage portion is discharged from the rear end of the foliage discharge device 43 to the farm scene 19 and is then guided by a curved guide plate 55 so as not to fall into the unexcavated farm scene 19. .

  As shown in FIGS. 6 to 10, the weeding device 14 and the raising device 16 have a lower portion supported by the frame of the device portion and a top portion supported by the transmission case, and a lower portion of the substrate 60 facing downward. A driven pulley 61 that also serves as a tension pulley that is attached by being elastically urged to the surface, a drive pulley 63 that is engaged with and supported by a drive shaft 62 that protrudes from the transmission case above the substrate 60, and is stretched between the pulleys 61 and 63. And a tine case side surface 65a which is detachably attached to the substrate 60 with bolts and forms a tine case 65 with the substrate 60.

  In the weeding device 14, the tine 15 protrudes from the tine case 65 toward the aircraft traveling direction on the front surface of the tine case 65 on the working side and moves upward from the bottom to obtain the weeding action due to the cause. In the device 16, the tine 17 protrudes from the tine case 65 toward the side of the fuselage (undigged side) on one side surface (undigged side) of the tine case 65 serving as the working side, and moves upward from below to cause the action. Get. The tine inlets 66 of the tine case 65 provided before the tines 15 and 17 are reversed from the working side to the non-working side at the working side upper part of the tine case 65, and the tines 15 and 17 are non-working at the lower part of the tine case 65 on the non-working side. The tines 15 and 17 are configured to move inside the tine case 65 between the tine outlets 65 of the tine case 65 provided before the working side is reversed from the working side.

  Further, the tines 15 and 17 are protruded from the tine case 65 in a substantially horizontal direction or slightly upward direction, and the tines 15 and 17 are reliably hooked on the stems and leaves of the root vegetables K so that the performance of the devices 14 and 16 can be appropriately obtained. It is configured.

  In addition, when the roots and roots of root vegetables K are caused by the tines 15 and 17, the torn foliage caught around the tines 15 and 17 is taken into the tine case 65 (positively) and discharged from the tine case 65 on the non-acting side Then, the tine inlet 66 for taking the torn foliage into the tine case 65 extends outside the turning locus 68 at the tip of the tines 15 and 17, that is, the turning locus 68 at the tip of the tine 15 and 17 and the end of the tine inlet 66. The gap L between the tine and the tine 15/17 is usually small enough to enter the tine 15/17, and the foliage is caught by the tine inlet 66 together with the tine inlet 66. In order to make it easy to take in the tine case 65, a gap of plus α is added to the slight gap where the tines 15 and 17 enter. It is formed between.

  Further, the non-working side cross-sectional area of the tine case 65 is formed so as to be expanded from the working side cross-sectional area, and the flowability of the torn foliage that is sufficient inside the tine case 65 is improved. Without stopping, it is configured to improve the performance of discharging the torn stem leaves from the tine outlet 67 of the tine case 65.

  In addition, although the said structure is illustrated in the tine case 65 of the raising apparatus 16, it is clear that it can implement also in a weeding apparatus.

Further, by providing the tine inlet 66 of the tine case 65 before the tines 15 and 17 are reversed from the working side to the non-working side, or the tine inlet 66 as described above from the turning locus 68 of the tines 15 and 17. By extending to the outside, when the tines 15 and 17 are reversed from the working side to the non-working side, the centrifugal force is torn off and acts on the foliage and prevents it from scattering.
In particular, in the embodiment, the tine 17 of the raising device 16 is reversed from the unexcavated side to the already-excavated side, that is, from the working side to the non-acting side toward the driver's seat 5 side. Further, in order to more surely prevent scattering of the torn stem leaves, a cover 65a of the raising device 16 is provided with a scattering prevention plate 69 on the side where the torn stem leaves are already dug.

In addition, a divider 70 is disposed at the lower part on the front side in the moving direction of the raising device 16. The divider 70 is attached to the tip of a mounting arm 72 that causes the base end to protrude and support in the advancing direction of the machine body through a support shaft 71 at the lower part on the front side of the raising device 16.
Further, an operating rod 75 that supports the upper portion of the raising device 16 so as to be movable up and down is provided on the upper portion of the front side of the raising device 16 in the direction of travel of the machine body via the bracket 73 and the positioning tool 74, and the lower end of the operating rod 75 is connected to the divider 70. By connecting and positioning the operation rod 75 up and down and positioning at the operation position, the divider 70 is arranged between the left and right sandwiched endless belts 3 constituted by the divider 70 and the raising device 16 and the weeding device 14. In the foliage processing part for sandwiching the foliage part (appropriately), the ground height is adjusted independently from the foliage processing members 14 and 16 other than the divider 70.

  Thus, for example, the foliage processing unit of the stalk-and-leaf processing unit is arranged so that the lower ends of the turning trajectories 68 of the tine 17 of the raising device 16 and the tine 15 of the weeding device 14 are as close as possible to or slidably contacted with the upper surface of the vine. When the height of the ground is adjusted, if the tip of the divider 70 is lifted from the slope by hanging on the slope of the ridge, the tip of the divider 70 alone approaches the slope of the heel as much as possible. It is adjusted to the descending side so as to be brought into sliding contact, and the fallen leaves are picked up and raised on the slope of the reed so as to be guided within the working range of the tines 17 of the device 16. At this ground height, when the tip of the divider 70 is located on the upper surface of the kite and enters the soil, the divider 70 alone is placed on the ascending side so that the tip of the divider 70 approaches or slides as much as possible on the upper surface of the kite. The divider 70 is configured to function properly on the upper surface of the ridge.

  In addition, when the divider 70 can adjust the ground height independently, the proper ground height of the divider 70, the trigger device 16, and the weeding device 14 can always be maintained even when the aircraft is tilted back and forth. Since it is obtained, it is effective.

As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, on the traveling machine body 1 below the conveying side of the sorting conveyor 46 in which the cutting means 44, the foliage discharging device 43, and the endless endless belt 3 are arranged, the container mounting table 76 is provided. A waste container 77 is placed in order to accommodate defective root vegetables, and the defective root vegetables selected by the operator on the sorting conveyor 46 are collected and collected in the waste container 77, and the upper part of the working part rotation fulcrum 9 is covered. A roof-shaped fulcrum cover 78 is provided to prevent the root vegetables K falling from the root vegetables K held and conveyed by the holding endless belt 3 from adhering to and stacked on the working portion rotation fulcrum 9 and hindering this rotation.
From the top of the fulcrum cover 78, the tip of the cover rear surface 79 of the cover 78 inclined downward is extended to the upper front side of the waste container 77, and the foliage from the endless endless band 3 located above the cover rear surface 79 is extended. In the inherited portion to the discharge device 43, immature root vegetables and the like that are immature and have a short foliage are guided and introduced into the catching waste container 77 by the cover rear surface 79, so that defective root vegetables can be obtained. It is configured to collect waste root vegetables such as unripe root vegetables and so on without releasing them to the field, and to prevent the waste root vegetables from being scattered in the field after the work and deteriorating the appearance of the field after harvesting.

  Further, the front part of the cover rear surface 79 is configured with a sieve wire 79a, and only the mud is screened down to the lower side of the cover rear surface 79, and mud accumulates on the cover rear surface 79, thereby inhibiting the flow of waste root vegetables. It is configured to prevent.

  In addition, a cushioning material 81 made of rubber plate is disposed in a predetermined range on the upper surface of the conveyor frame 80 on the side where the root vegetables K falling on the sorting conveyor 46 fall, and the root portion is in abutting contact with the metal surface of the conveyor frame 80. The root portion is prevented from being damaged.

  In FIG. 1, reference numeral 82 is a cutting means composed of a pair of left and right rotating blades 87 arranged in front of the working portion pivot fulcrum 9 and below the intermediate portion of the gripless endless belt 3. During holding conveyance by the holding endless belt 3, the tip of the root portion is cut and aligned. The cutting means 82 is transmitted with power from the input shaft 39 by belt transmission.

Side view of root crop harvesting machine. FIG. Front view. The top view of a power transmission system. The side view of a raising / lowering mechanism. The side view of a foliage processing part. The front view of a foliage processing part. Sectional drawing of a tine case. The front view of a raising apparatus. A side view of a weeding device. The side view of a sorting conveyor part. The rear view of a sorting conveyor part.

Explanation of symbols

K root vegetable H clamping conveyance line 3 holding endless belt 14 weeding device 15 weeding tine 16 triggering device 17 raising tine 65 tine case 66 tine inlet 67 tine outlet 70 divider

Claims (1)

  In order to clamp the foliage of root vegetables K between the pair of left and right endless strips 3 and 3 that pinch and convey the stems and leaves of root vegetables K planted in the field, and the left and right endless strips 3 and 3 In the harvesting machine provided with a stalk-and-leaves processing part, a stalk-and-leaf part of the root vegetable K to be pulled out at the front lower side of the pair of left and right endless strips 3 and 3 on the front side in the advancing direction of the body, on the unexcavated side of the root vegetable K Is provided with a weeding tine 15 that moves upward in a substantially vertical plane, and the weeding tine 15 that moves upwardly in a substantially vertical plane is provided. The root device K is provided with a trigger device 16 for causing a root and leaf portion of the root vegetable K to be pulled out at the lower part of the front side of the already-excavated side of the root vegetable K. The trigger device 16 is substantially orthogonal to the weed tine 15 and the weed device 14 Tine case 65 side face A tine case that has a pulling tine 17 that moves upward and moves upward from the field scene 19 so that the tip is the non-acting side of the weeding tine 15 in the weeding device 14. A root crop harvesting machine, which is arranged to face 65 sides.

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