JPS62146520A - Onion harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an onion harvester for digging up and harvesting onions.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, as a harvesting machine for harvesting onions, a conveyor is provided at the rear of the tip metal, and a foliage processing device is installed at the rear of this conveyor, as described in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 59-15863. A transverse conveyor is provided at the rear of the foliage processing device, and the foliage processing device includes a pair of smooth rollers that are rotated in contact with each other in opposite directions, and a tapping roller that has spiral protrusions formed in the axial direction. A structure is adopted in which a plurality of sets of O-Ra units are mounted side by side.

The onions that have been dug up with advance deposits are then carried into a conveyor, where they are conveyed while sieving off the soil, and then carried from the conveyor onto a stem and leaf processing device, where each set of smooth rollers and tapping rollers are conveyed. While being conveyed by the onion, the stems and leaves of the onion are pinched between a smooth roller and a tapping roller, and their base portions are separated and removed one by one.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

According to the above structure, the onion stems and leaves are separated from the onion by being torn off from the base between the smooth roller and the tapping roller, so that the onion stems and leaves do not become depleted and are removed when they are still green. may damage onions, and the onion shoulders may turn black due to friction between the smooth roller and the tapping roller, and the roots of the onion may be interposed between the smooth roller and the tapping roller, causing the stems and leaves to move upwards. If the leaves are in a state where it is difficult to be drawn between the smooth roller and the tapping roller, errors in removing the leaves may occur.Furthermore, if the leaves are withered and dry, such leaves may be difficult to pull in between the smooth roller and the tapping roller. There is a problem in that the Wa coefficient is low and the leaves are not drawn between the rollers, resulting in removal spots of leaves and leaves, and the cutting length of the leaves changes depending on the diameter of the rollers.

Therefore, the present invention was made in view of the above points, and the present invention controls the posture of the dug up onion leaves so that they are aligned facing each other, and also takes in the stems and leaves, pinches them, and transports them. It is an object of the present invention to provide an onion collector 1fi which cuts the stems and leaves on the way and can collect and transport the onions after the stems and leaves have been removed.

[Means for solving problems]

The onion collecting Wt machine of the present invention includes a digging body for digging up onions in the front part of the main body frame, and a conveyor for conveying onions is provided at the rear of the digging body, and the onions carried out from the conveyor are A cutter is provided that collects the onion leaves and blows up the onion leaves to control the attitude thereof, and that the cutter takes in the onion leaves that are blown up by the onion attitude control device, holds and conveys the onion leaves, and cuts the stems and leaves. A foliage processing device is provided, and an onion conveying device is provided to receive onions from which foliage has been removed by the foliage processing device, and to transport the onions.

[Effect]

The onion harvesting method of the present invention is configured as described above, so that the onions dug up by the digging body are carried into the conveyor and conveyed, and from the conveyance end thereof, the onions are carried into and received by the stem and leaf posture control device. , its stems and leaves are blown up and their posture is controlled upward. Furthermore, when the posture of the onion stems and leaves is controlled, a predetermined position of the stems and leaves is taken into the intake section of the stem and leaves processing device and is held, and the onion is transported while being suspended. The onions are cut with a cutter, and the stems and leaves are carried out to the rear as they are, while the onions are received and conveyed by an onion conveying device.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the structure of one embodiment of the present invention will be explained based on the drawings.

In the figure, 1 is the main frame, and this main frame 1
An endless track 2 is rotatably attached to the lower part of the endless track 2, and one end of the drive shaft 3 of the endless track 2 is interlocked with an engine 4 mounted on the front part of the main body frame 1 through an interlocking medium 5. has been done. Furthermore, side frames 6 are integrally provided on both left and right sides of the main body frame 1, and these opposing side frames 6
The base ends of the upper and lower support arms 7.8 are attached to the upper and lower parts near the front ends of the support arms 7.8 so as to be rotatable in the vertical direction with support shafts 9.10. Side frames 12 on both sides of the conveyor frame 11 are attached to the distal end of the conveyor frame 11 so as to be vertically rotatable by means of support shafts 13 and 14.

Further, a mounting piece 15 is integrally protruded from approximately the middle of the rear end of the side frame 12 of the conveyor frame 11, and the base end of a cylinder 16 is rotatably attached to this mounting piece 15 by an upper shaft 17. The tip of the piston rod 18 of the cylinder 16 is rotatably attached to a support frame 19 projecting from the front end of the main body frame 1 by means of a lower shaft 20. The conveyor frame 11 is suspended by the cylinder 16 via upper and lower support arms 7.8, and as the piston rod 18 of the cylinder 16 expands and contracts, the conveyor frame 11 is suspended by the cylinder 16 via the upper and lower support arms 7.8. The frame 11 is designed to be moved up and down.

Further, a tip 21 as an excavation body is integrally provided at the lower front end between the side frames 12 of the conveyor frame 11 and protrudes forward. An inclined conveyor 22 which is inclined to the direction of the arrow is connected so as to face the carrying-in part and can be carried along with the carrying-in part, and a lifting conveyor A7 as a conveyor is attached to the carrying-out end of this inclined conveyor 22.
23 are arranged in a row so as to be freely rotatable with the loading section thereof facing.

The inclined conveyor 22 includes a driving wheel 24 and a driven wheel 25 which are arranged between the side frames 12 on both sides so as to be rotatable back and forth.
It is constructed by suspending an endless body 26 that rotates clockwise while shaking off soil.

Further, the lifting conveyor 23 rotates clockwise between the side frames 12 on both sides while shaking off soil between a driving wheel 27 and a driven wheel 28 which are arranged to be rotatable up and down. An endless body 30 with a large number of locking rods 29 protruding at predetermined intervals is suspended, and a tension roller 31 is engaged with the front upper part of the endless body 30.

Also, 32 is a hopper device, this hopper device! 32 is composed of a plurality of hoppers 33 arranged side by side in the horizontal direction, and each hopper 33 has a funnel-shaped part 35 whose diameter is reduced on the lower side formed at the lower part of a rectangular opening edge 34,
A square cylindrical part 36 is formed at the bottom of the funnel-shaped part 35, and a drop opening 37 is opened on the lower surface of the square cylindrical part 36. The inner wall surface part is integrally formed with an uneven rough surface or countless elastic protrusions 38 as a stem/leaf control surface that provides weak resistance to the falling of the onion stem iJb and precedes the fall of the onion a. is formed to have the strength and length to be bent by the falling of the onion a, and to be restored by the passage of the onion a.

The hopper device 32 is mounted on the side frames 12 on both sides of the conveyor frame 11 with the opening top surface of each hopper 33 facing the discharge end of the lifting conveyor 23.
It is fixed integrally between the rear upper part of the.

Further, the upper end portions of both side pieces 40 of a chute 390 are attached to both sides of the rectangular tubular portion 36 of each hopper 33, and are arranged at a predetermined inclination angle. The mouth 37 is opened facing and this chute 3
A discharge port 41 at the lower end of the container 9 is opened to the rear.

Also, 42 is the stem and leaf posture control m+ device, which controls the stem and leaf posture!
Ara is the chute 39 in the length direction of the air conduit 43.
Branch conduits 44 are erected at intervals corresponding to the respective discharge ports 41, and a generally cylindrical receiving body 45 for receiving the balls 9a discharged from the discharge ports 41 is integrally formed at the upper end of each branch conduit 44. is attached to. Further, at the upper edge of the opening of each receiving body 45, there is a guide tube 46 formed in a cylindrical shape from a soft elastic member.
The inlet 47 of each guide cylinder 46 is located at the lower part of the outlet 41, and the edge of the inlet 47 has a lower side on the outlet 41 side and a higher side on the opposite side from the outlet 41. The guide tube 46 is formed so as to be slanted, and is expandable with a large number of slits 48 cut in the vertical direction from the opening edge. Further, one end of the air conduit 43 is closed with an air gap, and this air conduit 4
3 is connected to an air blower 50 via a delivery pipe 49, and this air blower 50 is interlocked and connected to an engine 51 via an interlocking medium 52.
is fixed on an underframe 53 provided on one side of the main body frame 1.

Then, the air from the blower 50 passes through the delivery pipe 49, the sending pipe 43, and each branch pipe 44, and blows strongly upward from the guide tube 46 of each receiving body 45.
The ball fJa is made to float in the ball 6, and its stems and leaves are blown up in the F direction to control its posture upward.

Further, 54 is a foliage processing device, and this foliage processing device 54 is
A plate-shaped mounting frame 55 is fixed integrally in a substantially horizontal manner at substantially the same portion in the vertical direction between the side frames 6 on both sides of the main body frame 1;
A plurality of bearing bodies 56 are arranged in the vicinity of the front end and at the rear of the mounting frame 55 in the lateral direction, and are fixed in the front and rear directions, facing each other at a predetermined interval. On each of the front and rear bearing bodies 56, the base end portions of the rotating shafts 57 are erected so as to be rotatable relative to each other. Also, in each rotating shaft 51, V pulleys are placed at the same level above the front and rear rotating shafts 57 with two trees on both sides as 111. ) 8 are fixed, and a clamping conveyance belt 59 consisting of a V belt 59 is rotatably suspended between the front and rear V boos 958 of each set, and a pair of clamping conveyance belts 59 on both sides of each set
, 59, the stems and leaves of the onion a are held between the inner parts 59a and 598, which are rotated closely at the same speed and in the same direction. Further, in the vicinity of the upper end of one of the front rotating shafts 57 in each set, there is an inner side 59a of a pair of holding and conveying belts 59, 59 that rotate the stems and leaves of the blown up ball 1a closely in the same direction. , 598, a plate-shaped supply width 60 as a supply body for taking in and supplying is fixed, and this supply width 60 and the pulley 58 at the bottom of this supply width 60 are connected to a connecting bin 61. Each of the supply widths 60 has a plurality of intake pieces 62 protruding from the outer periphery thereof at equal intervals and whose rotation radius is gradually increased on the rear side in the rotation direction.

Furthermore, a pulley 63 is fixed to approximately the middle of each rotary shaft 57 erected in the rear part of the mounting frame 55, and a power transmission mechanism 64 corresponding to each pulley 63 and this pulley 63 is fixed.
V-belts 66 and 67 are connected between the V-pulley 65 and the V-pulley 65, respectively.
is suspended rotatably, and this power transmission mechanism 64 is fixed near the rear end of the mounting frame 55, and each set of power transmission mechanisms 64 is interlocked and connected. 64, the V-belt 6
The rotation @ 57 is interlocked via the belts 6 and 67, and the pair of clamping and conveying belts 59 and 59 of each pair are rotated inwardly at circumferential speed and close to each other in the same direction. The holding conveyor belts 59 are rotated in the same direction.

In addition, the carrying-in part of a chute 68 for carrying in stems and leaves b@ and carrying them out to the field is arranged to face the rear end carrying-out part between the inner parts 59a and 59a of the pair of clamping and conveying belts 59 and 59 of each set, and this chute The unloading section 68 is the main body frame 1
The frontage is at the rear of the building.

Next, a pair of guides 69.69 are provided at the lower portions of the inner portions 59a, 59a of each pair of clamping and conveying belts 59.59 that rotate close to each other. The projecting pieces 70.70 at the lower tips of the pair of opposing guides 69.69 in each set are arranged and fixed to extend parallel to each other at a predetermined interval.
A pair of adjustment arms 72.72 through lateral @71.71
The tip is attached so that it can rotate freely in the vertical direction. This pair of 11!1 joint arms 72.72 are connected to the guide 69.
69 and correspondingly extends rearwardly at the lower part of 69;
A mounting piece 7 is attached to the upper rear end of the pair of adjustment arms 72 and 72.
3.73 is erected, and a vertically long adjustment hole 74.74 formed in this mounting piece 73. The locking holes 76 and 76 on the pieces 75 and 75 are the bolts and nuts 7.
7 and 77 so that the vertical position can be freely adjusted. Further, at the rear of each set of guides 69.69, support frames 18.78 are integrally erected on both sides of the guides 69.69, and the upper ends of the opposing support frames 78, 78 Both ends of a cutter 79, which is arranged above the guides 69 and 69 and inclined from the front of one side to the rear of the other side, are removably attached with bolts and nuts 80 and 80, and the cutter 79 holds a pair of clamps. The stems and leaves being conveyed are cut between the inner parts 59a and 593 of the conveyor belts 59 and 59. Also this cutter 7
A drop opening 81 is opened in the mounting frame 55 located at the lower part of the container 9, through which the onion a after cutting the stalks is dropped.

And the horizontal axis 7 with respect to the pair of guides 69 and 69.
By adjusting the position of the pair of adjustment arms 72 and 72 in the vertical direction using fulcrums 1 and 71, the cutting of the stem vegetables by the cutter 79 can be adjusted.

In addition, 82 is an onion conveying device, and this onion Mllfl conveying stomach 8
2 is a first conveyor 83 disposed horizontally toward the rear with its loading portion facing the lower part of the drop port 81 of the mounting frame 55; and a discharge end portion of the first conveyor 83. A second conveyor 84 for lateral feeding is disposed horizontally in the lateral direction with its carrying-in portion facing the conveyor 84. The first conveyor 83 has an endless body 87 between a driven wheel 85 and a driving wheel 86 which are rotatably mounted on a shaft relative to each other in the front and rear.
The rear drive wheels 8
One end of a drive shaft 88 having a shaft mounted thereon is interlocked with a power relay device 90 via an interlocking medium 89, and this power relay device 90 is fixed on the main body frame 1, and this power relay device 90 is interlockingly connected to the engine 51 via an interlocking medium 91. In addition, the drive shaft 88
A drive shaft 9 at one end of the power transmission mechanism 64 is attached to one end.
2 are interlocked and connected via an interlocking medium 93.

Further, the second conveyor 84 has an endless body 95 rotatably suspended between a drive wheel 94 and a driven wheel (not shown) which are rotatably mounted on a shaft in the left and right directions with respect to the traveling direction. One end of a drive shaft 96 on which the drive wheel 94 is mounted is interlockingly connected to the power relay device 90 via an interlocking medium 97. The endless body 87 of the first conveyor 83 is rotated clockwise in FIG. 1, and the non-fog end body 95 of the second conveyor 84 is rotated upward in FIG. It looks like this.

Next, the operation of the above structure will be explained.

In the field where onions are grown, first attach the bolts and nuts 7 to the rear ends of the pair of guides 69 and 69 in each group.
7 and 77, and move the pair of adjustment arms 72.72 up and down with respect to each of the pair of guides 69.69, centering on the horizontal axis 71.71 at the tip of the pair of adjustment arms 72.72. Adjust the height of .72 in the same plane position, and then tighten the bolts and nuts 77 and 7 in the set position.
Tighten 7 again. As a result, the pair of adjustment arms 72
．． 72 is set at a predetermined interval with respect to the pair of guides 69, 69, so that the position at which the stem and leaf of onion a is cut is, for example, 2.5α upward from the base of the stem and leaf.
It is set so that it can be cut at a position of ~3.5CR.

Next, when the engine 4.51 is started, the endless track 2 is rotated in the running direction via the interlocking medium 5, and the machine walks forward. The endless body 8 of the first conveyor 83 via
7 is interlocked and rotated in the clockwise arrow direction in FIG. Further, the driving force of the driving shaft 88 of the first conveyor 83 is transmitted to the power transmission mechanism 64 via the interlocking medium 93, and the driving force is transmitted to the power transmission mechanism 64 via the V-belt 66° 67 to the pair of clamping conveyor belts in each set. Opposing inner parts 59a, 59a of 59
are rotated in close proximity to each other simultaneously in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 1, and each set of supply wheels 60 is rotated in the direction of the arrow in FIG. Furthermore, the power of the power relay device 90 is transmitted to the drive @9G of the second conveyor 84 via the interlocking medium 97, and the endless body 95 is interlocked and rotated in the direction of the arrow in FIG. Further, the blower 50 is driven by the engine 51 via the interlocking medium 52, and the air from the air blower 1so is sent to the delivery pipe 49. It is fed under pressure through the ffl conduit 43 and each branch conduit 44 into each receiving body 45 at approximately the same pressure, and is blown upward from each guide cylinder 46 as a strong wind. Further, power is transmitted by means not shown to the endless body 26 of the inclined conveyor 22 and the endless body 30 of the lifting conveyor 23, and the respective endless bodies 26, 30 are rotated in the clockwise direction of the arrow in FIG.

Then, as the machine moves forward, the conveyor frame 11
An onion a with a tip 21 protruding from the lower front end of the stem leaf.
At the same time, each onion a is sequentially carried into the endless body 26 of the inclined conveyor 22, and is sequentially conveyed upward on the slope while shaking off the soil from the numerous gaps of the endless body 26, and is transported to the unloading end at the rear end. The endless bodies 30 are sequentially carried into the carrying-in section of the lifting conveyor 23 from the section. Also, this endless body 3
The onion a carried into the container 0 is held by each of the locking rods 29 and sequentially lifted upward, and is sequentially conveyed while further sieving off soil from the numerous gaps of the endless body 30, and is transported to the upper carrying-out end. From there, they are sequentially carried into each hopper 33 of the hopper device 32.

Then, the master craftsman fia carried into each of the above hoppers 33
are guided by their own weight to the inclined surface of the funnel-shaped part 35 and are dropped from the drop openings 37 below. Since the uneven rough surface or the countless elastic protrusions 38 are protruded, the falling stems and leaves of onion a are slightly caught on these elastic protrusions 38, providing weak resistance to the falling of the onion leaves, and preventing the stems and leaves from falling. Therefore, each onion a always falls sequentially from each droplet 37 in advance of the stems and leaves, and the stems and leaves are adjusted in their posture and fall later from the droplet 37.

In addition, the onions J] falling from each fall port 37 are carried into the upper part of each chute 39 provided at the bottom of each fall port 37, and are tilted downward along the slope of the chute 39 in advance of the stems and leaves. It is slid down and discharged from each discharge port 41. Then, each onion a is introduced from the introduction port 47 into the guide tube 4G of each receiving body 45 of the foliage posture controlling fil device 42 facing the rear lower part of each discharge port 41, prior to the foliage. Ru.

Further, each onion a introduced into the receiving body 45 from the guide tube 46 is blown upward by the strong wind blowing from below the receiving body 45, and the stems and leaves of the onions 9a are blown up by the strong wind. The inner portions 59a, 5 of the pair of clamping and conveying belts 59, 59 in each set of the foliage processing device 54 are controlled to have a substantially vertical posture.
The front part between 9a and 08 is taken in.

Also, when the stems and leaves of each onion a are arranged in their postures and facing the respective intake ports A, each of the stems and leaves of each onion A is rotated in each intake port A, and each of the supply widths 60 is A pair of clamping conveyor belts 59 are gradually taken into the intake port A by the intake piece 62 and communicated with the intake port A.
The inner parts 59a, 59 which rotate opposite each other, are supplied between the front ends of the inner parts 59a, and the stems and leaves are held in a predetermined position 2, and the stems and leaves are connected to a pair of guides 69 and a pair of adjusting arms 72. be brought in between.

When the stems and leaves of the ball FJ a are held between the rotating inner parts 59a and 59a of the pair of holding and conveying belts 59 and 59 of each set, the stems and leaves of the ball FJ a are held in the inner parts 59a.

The ball flea is conveyed rearward in a suspended state while being held between the balls 59a.

In this case, the guide cylinder 46 of each receiving body 45 is formed of a soft elastic member, and is expandable by a large number of slits 48 formed all around the circumference in the vertical direction. ball! When the ball 9a comes into contact with the opening edge of the guide tube 46 when the ball 9a is lifted up from the guide tube 46 and carried suspended by a pair of clamping conveyor belts 59.5'), the abutting portion of this frontage edge is elastically deformed so that the movement of the onion a is not obstructed, and the onion a is transferred from the guide tube 46 without being damaged.

Also, the inner portion 59a of the pair of clamping and conveying belts 59.59.

A pair of guides 6 have stems and leaves of onion a held between 59a.
9.69 and between a pair of adjustment arms 72.72 and conveyed rearward, and when the stems and leaves reach the position of the cutter 79, they are automatically cut from the set position by the cutter 79.

In this case, the onion a is conveyed while the shoulder portions on both sides of the base of the onion a are in sliding contact with the lower part of the pair of adjustment arms 72, 72, so that the onion a is transported by the pair of clamping and conveying belts 59. .59 is clamped between the inner parts 59a and 59a, and the clamping position is automatically adjusted by the set position of the pair of adjustment arms 72 and 72 with respect to the inner parts 59a and 59a. The cutting position above the base of the cutter 79 is automatically adjusted to the set position, so that the cutting position of the cutter 79 is at the set position. ~3.5c, the cut is made at the set position.

Then, the stem and leaves from which the onion a was removed are the inner part 59a59a.
It is held between them and continues to be conveyed rearward as it is, and is discharged from the unloading end to the field via the chute 68.

In addition, onions a (Yo) cut from the stems and leaves are carried from the drop opening 81 of the mounting frame 55 onto the carrying-in section of the endless body 81 of the first conveyor 83, and are conveyed by this endless body 87, and at the carrying-out end The onions 8 are transported from the section onto the loading section of the endless body 95 of the second conveyor A784.The onions 8 carried onto the endless body 95 are roughly conveyed horizontally, and
It is discharged from the unloading end to the field on one side in the lateral direction of the traveling direction. This onion a is then dried on the ground.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the present invention, the onion with stems and leaves dug up by the excavator is conveyed by the conveyor while shaking off the soil, and when the conveyor is carried into the stem and leaf posture control device, the stems and leaves are automatically removed. The onion is blown up to ensure that it is aligned above the onion, and its posture is controlled upward in preparation for this uptake.

In addition, when the onion stems and leaves are controlled upward by the stem and leaf posture control device, the stems and leaves on the right side of the onion are automatically taken into the intake port of the stem and leaves processing device, and are fed into the scoop. During this conveyance, the onion can be reliably cut from the set position by a cutter and separated. Further, the onion from which the stems and leaves have been removed is automatically received by an onion conveying device and conveyed in a predetermined direction by this conveying device, so that it can be carried out in preparation for, for example, underground storage. Therefore, the dug up onion stems and leaves are reliably held and separated from the onions through a series of operations, and when removing the onions, there is no risk of damaging the onions, turning the onions black, or even removing the onions. There is no possibility of cutting errors. Therefore, it is possible to provide an onion harvesting machine with excellent workability and quality control.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The figures show one embodiment of the present invention, in which Fig. 1 is a side view of the onion harvester, Fig. 2 is a plan view of a portion of the same, and Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a portion of the stem vegetable posture control device. 4 is an enlarged plan view of the same foliage processing apparatus, FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line X--X, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line y-y. 1. Main frame, 22. 23. Conveyor, 21.
- Excavating and resting, 42... Stem and leaf posture control device, 54... Stem and leaf processing device, 79... Cutter, 82... Onion conveying device, a
... Onion, b... Stems and leaves.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A main body frame, an excavator installed at the front of the main frame to dig up onions, a conveyor installed at the rear of the excavator to convey onions, and a conveyor that collects onions carried out from the conveyor. In addition, it is equipped with a foliage posture control device that blows up the onion foliage and controls its posture, and a cutter that takes in, pinches and conveys the foliage blown up by this foliage posture control device, and cuts the foliage. What is claimed is: 1. An onion harvesting machine characterized by comprising: a foliage processing device that receives onions from which foliage has been removed by the foliage processing device; and an onion conveyance device that receives and transports onions from which the foliage has been removed by the foliage processing device.