JP4590435B2 - 重炭化水素の接触式熱分解によるエチレンおよびプロピレンの製造プロセス - Google Patents
重炭化水素の接触式熱分解によるエチレンおよびプロピレンの製造プロセス Download PDFInfo
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- JP4590435B2 JP4590435B2 JP2007185084A JP2007185084A JP4590435B2 JP 4590435 B2 JP4590435 B2 JP 4590435B2 JP 2007185084 A JP2007185084 A JP 2007185084A JP 2007185084 A JP2007185084 A JP 2007185084A JP 4590435 B2 JP4590435 B2 JP 4590435B2
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- catalyst
- high silica
- silica zeolite
- pentasil structure
- zeolite
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- Expired - Lifetime
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 34
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 34
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 20
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000007233 catalytic pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 65
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052782 aluminium Chemical group 0.000 claims description 29
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical group [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052749 magnesium Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011777 magnesium Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical group [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052791 calcium Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011575 calcium Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004137 magnesium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000157 magnesium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002261 magnesium phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010994 magnesium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 ethylene, propylene Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000011021 bench scale process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/04—Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst
- B01J38/06—Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst using steam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/20—C2-C4 olefins
Description
本実施例は、本発明により提供される、移動ライン反応器において重炭化水素の接触式熱分解によってエチレンおよびプロピレンを生成するプロセスを説明する。
本実施例は、本発明により提供される、本発明から選択された様々な触媒を用いてエチレンおよびプロピレンを生成するプロセスを説明する。
本実施例は、本発明により提供されるプロセスにおいて、異なる沸騰範囲を有する重炭化水素が供給原料として用いられ得ることを説明する。
(実施例4)
本実施例は、本発明により提供されるプロセスにおいて、フルレンジの原油が供給原料として用いられ得ることを説明する。
Claims (13)
- エチレンおよびプロピレンを生成するためのプロセスであって、反応器中において蒸気の存在下で重炭化水素を熱触媒に接触させて触媒的に熱分解し、反応排出物、蒸気、および使用された触媒をライザー反応器の出口において高速気体−固体分離システムによって分離し、該反応排出物をクエンチした後に分離することによってエチレンおよびプロピレン含有気体生成物および液体生成物を得、該使用された触媒を蒸気でストリッピングした後に除去して再生器に移して酸素含有ガスに接触させてコークス燃焼(cokeburning off)によって再生し、再生された触媒をストリッピングした後に該反応器に再循環して再使用することを包含するプロセスであり、該触媒は、リンとアルミニウムまたはマグネシウムまたはカルシウムとによって変性されたペンタシル構造を有する高シリカゼオライトを含有し、該重炭化水素は、ライザーまたはダウンフロー移動ライン反応器中において触媒と接触され、650℃から750℃の温度、0.15から0.4MPaの圧力、0.2から5秒の接触時間、触媒対供給原料の重量比が15:1から40:1、および蒸気対供給原料の重量比が0.3:1から1:1で接触式熱分解され、該ペンタシル構造を有する高シリカゼオライトが、希土類元素を含まない、プロセス。
- 前記接触式熱分解が685℃から750℃の温度で行われる、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記触媒はYモレキュラーシーブをさらに包含し得る、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記触媒あは柱状層間レクトライトを含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記リンとアルミニウムまたはマグネシウムまたはカルシウムとによって変性された、ペンタシル構造を有する高シリカゼオライトは、2〜8重量%リンおよび0.3〜3.0重量%アルミニウムまたはマグネシウムまたはカルシウム(ゼオライトの重量に基づき、酸化物として計算)を含有しておりペンタシル構造を有する、Si/Alモル比が15〜60の高シリカゼオライトである、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ペンタシル構造を有する変性された高シリカゼオライトは、0.3〜3.0重量%のニッケル(ゼオライトの重量に基づき、酸化物として計算)をさらに含有し得る、請求項5に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ペンタシル構造を有する変性された高シリカゼオライトは、ペンタシル構造を有する高シリカゼオライトおよび、アルミニウムホスフェートゾルまたはマグネシウムホスフェートゾルまたはカルシウムホスフェートゾルを均質に混合した後、60〜100%蒸気の存在下において400〜600℃で3〜6時間か焼することによって調製される、請求項5に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ペンタシル構造を有する変性された高シリカゼオライトは、ペンタシル構造を有する高シリカゼオライトおよび、リンとアルミニウムまたはマグネシウムまたはカルシウムとを含有する水溶液を均質に混合した後、0.5〜4時間の浸漬、乾燥、および450〜650℃で1〜4時間か焼することによって調製される、請求項5に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ペンタシル構造を有する高シリカゼオライト中の前記ニッケルは、ニッケル化合物および、ペンタシル構造を有する高シリカゼオライトおよび、リンとアルミニウムまたはマグネシウムまたはカルシウムとを含有する水溶液とを均質に混合した後、0.5〜4時間の浸漬、乾燥、および450〜650℃で1〜4時間か焼することによって導入される、請求項6に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ペンタシル構造を有する変性された高シリカゼオライトは、ZSM−5、ZSM−8、またはZSM−11タイプの構造を有する高シリカゼオライト群より選択される、請求項5または6に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ペンタシル構造を有する高シリカゼオライトは、水ガラス、アルミニウムホスフェート、および無機酸を原材料として用い、Yゼオライトを結晶種として用い、130〜200℃で12〜60時間結晶化を行うことによって調製される、請求項5または6に記載のプロセス。
- 前記反応排出物は、軽炭化水素を前記ライザー出口に急速冷却材として注入することによってクエンチされる、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記重炭化水素供給材料は、大気圧ガス状油、真空ガス状油、またはその混合物、ならびに残留油または原油である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN97119011 | 1997-10-15 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP10294315A Division JPH11217341A (ja) | 1997-10-15 | 1998-10-15 | 重炭化水素の接触式熱分解によるエチレンおよびプロピレンの製造プロセス |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2007262095A JP2007262095A (ja) | 2007-10-11 |
JP2007262095A5 JP2007262095A5 (ja) | 2008-08-21 |
JP4590435B2 true JP4590435B2 (ja) | 2010-12-01 |
Family
ID=5175133
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP10294315A Withdrawn JPH11217341A (ja) | 1997-10-15 | 1998-10-15 | 重炭化水素の接触式熱分解によるエチレンおよびプロピレンの製造プロセス |
JP2007185084A Expired - Lifetime JP4590435B2 (ja) | 1997-10-15 | 2007-07-13 | 重炭化水素の接触式熱分解によるエチレンおよびプロピレンの製造プロセス |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP10294315A Withdrawn JPH11217341A (ja) | 1997-10-15 | 1998-10-15 | 重炭化水素の接触式熱分解によるエチレンおよびプロピレンの製造プロセス |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6210562B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0909804B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JPH11217341A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69841882D1 (ja) |
NO (1) | NO319519B1 (ja) |
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US6413295B2 (en) * | 1998-11-12 | 2002-07-02 | Midrex International B.V. Rotterdam, Zurich Branch | Iron production method of operation in a rotary hearth furnace and improved furnace apparatus |
WO2002014040A1 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2002-02-21 | Rj Leegroup, Inc. | Low energy method of pyrolysis of hydrocarbon materials such as rubber |
US6835861B2 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2004-12-28 | Rj Lee Group, Inc. | Low energy method of pyrolysis of hydrocarbon materials such as rubber |
DE10161665A1 (de) * | 2001-12-14 | 2003-06-26 | Lurgi Ag | Verfahren zur thermischen Entkokung eines Zeolith-Katalysators |
US6867341B1 (en) | 2002-09-17 | 2005-03-15 | Uop Llc | Catalytic naphtha cracking catalyst and process |
US7704460B2 (en) * | 2003-02-03 | 2010-04-27 | Advanced Electron Beams, Inc. | Gas separation device |
TWI259106B (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2006-08-01 | China Petrochemical Technology | Catalyst conversion process for increasing yield of light olefins |
US7273543B2 (en) * | 2003-08-04 | 2007-09-25 | Stone & Webster Process Technology, Inc. | Process and apparatus for controlling catalyst temperature in a catalyst stripper |
CZ298836B6 (cs) * | 2004-04-15 | 2008-02-20 | Výzkumný ústav anorganické chemie, a. s. | Zeolitový katalyzátor struktury ZSM-5 pro selektivní krakování alkenu a zpusob jeho výroby |
WO2005123881A2 (en) * | 2004-06-22 | 2005-12-29 | Albemarle Netherlands B.V. | Process for upgrading liquid hydrocarbon feeds |
US7824523B2 (en) * | 2005-05-17 | 2010-11-02 | Earthfirst Technologies, Inc. | Catalytically activated vacuum distillation system |
CN1986505B (zh) * | 2005-12-23 | 2010-04-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种增产低碳烯烃的催化转化方法 |
CN101045665B (zh) * | 2006-03-27 | 2010-05-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 含碳烯烃催化裂解生产丙烯和乙烯的方法 |
CN101134172B (zh) | 2006-08-31 | 2010-10-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种烃类转化催化剂 |
CN101134913B (zh) * | 2006-08-31 | 2011-05-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种烃类催化转化方法 |
CO5930067A1 (es) * | 2006-12-06 | 2008-06-27 | Ecopetrol Sa | Trampa de vanadio para el proceso de ruptura catalitica y su preparacion |
US7825213B2 (en) * | 2008-04-11 | 2010-11-02 | Chem Engineering Energy, Llc | Method of making a metal terephthalate polymer |
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- 1998-10-15 US US09/172,651 patent/US6210562B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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JPH11217341A (ja) | 1999-08-10 |
DE69841882D1 (de) | 2010-10-21 |
NO984818D0 (no) | 1998-10-15 |
EP0909804A3 (en) | 1999-10-27 |
NO984818L (no) | 1999-04-16 |
EP0909804B1 (en) | 2010-09-08 |
JP2007262095A (ja) | 2007-10-11 |
NO319519B1 (no) | 2005-08-22 |
EP0909804A2 (en) | 1999-04-21 |
US6210562B1 (en) | 2001-04-03 |
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