JP4576552B2 - ガスの窒素酸化物含量を減少させるための放射流気相反応器 - Google Patents
ガスの窒素酸化物含量を減少させるための放射流気相反応器 Download PDFInfo
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Description
また、NOxのアンモニアでの還元は、選択的接触還元(SCR)として知られるプロセスで、たとえば約500〜950°F(260〜510℃)といったより低い温度で接触的に行うことができる。
「窒素酸化物」なる用語はNO、NO2、N2O4、N2O及びそれらの適宜の混合物等の窒素の適宜の酸化物をいい、しばしば「NOx」と表示する。
NOx+NH3→N2+H2O
窒素 : 60−80vol%
酸素 : 1− 4vol%
水蒸気: 10−25vol%
二酸化炭素: 2−20vol%
窒素酸化物: 50−300ppm
放射室を出る煙道ガスの温度は典型的には約1800°F(982℃)である。各煙突は所望により、対流部13をもち、これは熱回収用に煙道ガスが通る熱交換器をもっている。煙道ガスは典型的には約300〜500°F(149〜260℃)の温度で対流部を出るが、この範囲外の煙道ガス温度を与えるように熱回収プロセスを調節することができる。次いで別々の煙突の煙道ガスを合しファン14で脱NOx系10に移す。ファン14は脱NOx系10中をガスが移動するよう煙道ガスの圧力を増加させる。
インゼクタ22は還元剤を導入するためのものであり適宜公知のタイプのインゼクタを用いうる。典型的なインゼクタの例としては触媒床の上流の入口ガス流中に配したグリッド状部分がある。このグリッド状部分は均等に分布させた注入ノズルをもつ多孔分散管の集合体を含む。通常還元剤は入口ガスの流れ方向とは反対方向に注入される。好ましい還元剤はアンモニアだが、尿素、アルキルアミンその他の適当な還元剤も用いうる。インゼクタ22は入口21c内又は入口21cの上流に位置しうる。
触媒は粒状、モノリス状又は微細加工触媒(MEC)の形でありうる。
MEC触媒は本出願人が2000年7月31日に出願した米国特許第6,534,022に記載されており、その内容をここに引用する。
メッシュ状材料は、ワイヤもしくは繊維メッシュ、金属フェルトもしくはガーゼ、金属繊維フィルタ等の繊維又はワイヤからできている。メッシュ状構造体は単一層からなっていてもよく、またワイヤの2層以上を含んでいてもよく、たとえば、ニットワイヤ構造体、織成ワイヤ構造体等があり、特にワイヤ又は繊維の複数の層からなっていて3次元網状構造体となっているものが好ましい。好ましい態様において、支持構造体は層中でランダムに配向した複数層の繊維からなるものである。1種以上の金属を金属メッシュの製造に用いうる。また繊維と金属を複合して用いることもできる。
一般に、繊維の複数の層を形成する繊維の厚さ又は直径は約50ミクロン以下、好ましくは約150ミクロン以下、さらに好ましくは約30ミクロン以下である。好ましい態様において、繊維の厚さ又は直径は約8〜約25ミクロンである。
一の態様において、粒状支持体を使用せずに、触媒をメッシュ状構造体上に支持する。
メッシュ状構造体に支持した触媒はメッシュ状構造体を形成しているワイヤや繊維上に皮膜として存在していてもよくまたメッシュ状構造体の隙間に存在して保持されていてもよい。
触媒は浸漬やスプレー等の種々の手段でメッシュ状構造体上に被覆できる。触媒粒子はメッシュ状構造体を液体中に分散させた粒子を含む液体コーティング組成物(好ましくはコーティング浴の形)を、コーティング組成物がメッシュ状構造体内に入りその内部及び外部の両方に多孔性皮膜を形成する条件下に、接触させることによってメッシュ状構造体に付与できる。
図6において、パッキン2は複数の多孔度メッシュ材料(MEC材料)からなり、波形が垂直な流れ方向fに対し角度αで斜線で示されている。図6(A)は波形6の代表的な断面を示す。隣接の波形シート8は90°で互い違いになっている。
図7では、一般的なモノリスハニカム構造9Bが本発明のMECメッシュ材料9Aと組合されて、NOxのSCR変換用の組合せ触媒床構造をもたらしている。この組合せ構造体は改良された変換率をもたらす。変換率の増加は下流のハニカムモノリスの改良された効率をもたらす構造の組合せによるものと思われる。
流速 = 360,000lbs/時(163,293kg/時)
温度 = 360°F(182℃)
NOx含量 = 100ppm
NOxの所望の還元を達成するために十分量のアンモニアを上記煙道ガスに加えた。用いた触媒はV2O5/TiO2触媒を被覆したMECである。10ppmに対する所望のNOx還元90%は約54m3のMEC触媒を必要とする。この容積には内側床直径2m、外側床直径4mm、高さ5.75mの放射流反応器が適している。速度の不均衡分配を補うために追加の容積は必要ない。煙道ガスを処理のために通さねばならない有効床長さはわずかに1mであった。圧力損失は触媒床を通してわずかに約0.17インチ(0.43cm)H2Oであり、これは流れ方向の変化のために0.3インチ(0.76cm)に増加した。
上記は単に説明のためのものであり本発明を限定するものではない。当業者は請求項に示す本発明の範囲内で適宜の変更が可能である。
Claims (13)
- 燃焼領域と燃焼領域より上部に位置する煙突を備えた炉をもつガス流中の窒素酸化物の化学変換用の放射流気相反応器を備えた燃焼装置において、該反応器が、(a)内側表面と外側表面、燃焼領域から排出された初期濃度の窒素酸化物をもつ入口ガス流を受け入れるガス流入口及び入口ガス流の窒素酸化物濃度よりも低い窒素酸化物濃度の処理済ガスを排出するガス流出口をもつ胴部、(b)入口ガス流に還元剤を導入するための少なくとも1のインゼクタ、(c)胴部内のインゼクタの近傍又は下流にあり、入口ガス流中の窒素酸化物を選択的に接触還元して窒素酸化物濃度の減少した処理済ガスを生ずるための少なくとも1の窒素酸化物転化触媒を含有すると共に軸方向の通路を定める内部壁と胴部の内部表面から離れていて周囲の通路を定める外部壁とをもつ触媒床、及び(d)還元剤を含有する入口ガスの流れを触媒床を通して放射状に方向づけ、処理済のガスを触媒床を通してその放射状通路から放出しそしてガス流出口を通して胴部から排出する入口ガス流デフレクタからなり、且つ該反応器が燃焼領域より上部の煙突内に配されていることを特徴とする燃焼装置。
- 触媒床が環状構造をもち、その軸通路が還元剤を含有する入口ガス流を受け入れ、ガス流デフレクタが軸通路内に位置して軸通路と同心的であり且つパラボラ状外側表面をもち、触媒床の外側表面と反応器用胴部の内側表面が共にガス流出口と連通している処理済のガス流通路を定めている請求項1の装置。
- 触媒が粒状であり、触媒床の構造が触媒床の外側壁を定める第1の多孔質スクリーンと触媒床の軸通路を定める第2の多孔質スクリーンによって定められ、第2の多孔質スクリーンが粒状触媒によって占められる空間を定めている請求項1の装置。
- 触媒床が約85%以上の多孔度をもつメッシュ状構造体上に支持された触媒からなる請求項1の装置。
- 触媒床がモノリスからなる請求項1の装置。
- インゼクタが反応器胴部のガス流入口の上流に位置するグリッドからなる請求項1の装置。
- 反応器内の入口ガス流の圧力を増加するためのファンをさらにもつ請求項1の装置。
- 反応器が少なくとも互いに間隔をあけた2つの同心の環状触媒床をもち、さらに同心環状反応床間に位置する少なくとも1の入口ガス流デフレクタを持つ請求項1の装置。
- メッシュ状構造体がランダムに配向したワイヤ又は繊維の複数の層からなっている3次元網目構造物からなる請求項4の装置。
- 触媒床がメッシュ状構造体上に支持された粒状支持体上に支持されている触媒をもつ請求項4の装置。
- メッシュ状構造体が乱流を生ずるための波形又はタブをもつ請求項4の装置。
- モノリスが複数の平行な流路をもっている請求項5の装置。
- 平行な流路がハニカム構造に配されている請求項12の装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/793,471 US6663839B2 (en) | 2001-02-26 | 2001-02-26 | Radial flow gas phase reactor and method for reducing the nitrogen oxide content of a gas |
| PCT/US2002/005293 WO2002068096A2 (en) | 2001-02-26 | 2002-02-22 | Radial flow gas phase reactor and method for reducing the nitrogen oxide content of a gas |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2004524960A JP2004524960A (ja) | 2004-08-19 |
| JP4576552B2 true JP4576552B2 (ja) | 2010-11-10 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| JP2002567447A Expired - Fee Related JP4576552B2 (ja) | 2001-02-26 | 2002-02-22 | ガスの窒素酸化物含量を減少させるための放射流気相反応器 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6663839B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1379321A2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4576552B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100868955B1 (ja) |
| BR (1) | BR0207520B1 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2438697C (ja) |
| NO (1) | NO20033759L (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2002068096A2 (ja) |
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| US6762335B1 (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2004-07-13 | Fina Technology, Inc. | Apparatus for dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene |
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| US20020159923A1 (en) * | 2001-02-26 | 2002-10-31 | Platvoet Erwin M.J. | Gas phase reactor and process for reducing nitrogen oxide in a gas stream |
| FR2823139B1 (fr) * | 2001-04-05 | 2004-01-23 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Support de catalyseur avec des reseaux de canaux secants, reacteur de catalyse comprenant un tel support et procede pour realiser un tel support de catalyseur |
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| US7444805B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2008-11-04 | Geo2 Technologies, Inc. | Substantially fibrous refractory device for cleaning a fluid |
| US7563415B2 (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2009-07-21 | Geo2 Technologies, Inc | Catalytic exhaust filter device |
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| KR100794390B1 (ko) * | 2007-01-24 | 2008-01-15 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 질소산화물의 저감을 위한 온도조절기능을 가지는 충전층촉매반응기 |
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| FI20095735A0 (fi) * | 2009-06-29 | 2009-06-29 | Ecocat Oy | Puhdistinrakenne |
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| EP2783085B1 (en) * | 2011-11-25 | 2018-03-07 | Dinex Ecocat OY | Purifier assembly |
| PL2623181T3 (pl) * | 2012-02-03 | 2016-10-31 | Układ do wtryskiwania środka redukującego do gazów spalinowych | |
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| CN113231109A (zh) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-08-10 | 西安航天源动力工程有限公司 | 一种废催化剂再生反应炉 |
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-
2001
- 2001-02-26 US US09/793,471 patent/US6663839B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-02-22 KR KR1020037011186A patent/KR100868955B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-02-22 EP EP02728347A patent/EP1379321A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-02-22 BR BRPI0207520-2A patent/BR0207520B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-22 WO PCT/US2002/005293 patent/WO2002068096A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-02-22 JP JP2002567447A patent/JP4576552B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-02-22 CA CA002438697A patent/CA2438697C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2003
- 2003-08-25 NO NO20033759A patent/NO20033759L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO20033759D0 (no) | 2003-08-25 |
| CA2438697C (en) | 2009-06-16 |
| BR0207520B1 (pt) | 2011-05-17 |
| US6663839B2 (en) | 2003-12-16 |
| EP1379321A2 (en) | 2004-01-14 |
| JP2004524960A (ja) | 2004-08-19 |
| CA2438697A1 (en) | 2002-09-06 |
| KR100868955B1 (ko) | 2008-11-17 |
| US20020150526A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
| KR20040010597A (ko) | 2004-01-31 |
| BR0207520A (pt) | 2004-07-27 |
| WO2002068096A2 (en) | 2002-09-06 |
| NO20033759L (no) | 2003-10-24 |
| WO2002068096A3 (en) | 2003-04-24 |
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