JP4545979B2 - Storage greening water supply system - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a storage greening water supply system that stores rainwater and effectively supplies the stored water to trees and flowers planted in a soil layer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a conventional storage greening water supply system of this type, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, a storage water tank E capable of temporarily storing rainwater, and a particulate void layer filled in the storage water tank E There is one constituted by F and a soil layer G for planting provided on the particulate void layer F to plant plants such as trees and flowers.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the above conventional technique, not only the amount of stored water is small because the porosity of the material of the particulate void layer F is small, but also the root of the plant because the particulate void layer F and the planting soil layer G are in direct contact with each other. There existed problems, such as it being easy to produce rot and it being difficult to plant a tree stably.
[0004]
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described conventional problems, and the purpose of the present invention is to secure a large amount of water storage and to perform running without requiring water supply maintenance for planted trees and the like. The object is to provide a stored greening water supply system that can be expected to reduce costs and that can exhibit a sufficient function as an outflow control facility.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The storage and greening water supply system of the present invention stores water such as rain water and provides water level control means for controlling the stored water to a predetermined water level or lower, and forms an air layer on the surface of the stored water. A storage tank, a soil layer support structure installed in the storage tank, a planting soil layer formed on the soil layer support structure, and the planted soil in the storage tank In the stored greening water supply system comprising a water supply means for supplying water to the layer, the soil support structure includes a plurality of soil support units each including a flat plate member having a large number of openings and a large number of support members supporting the flat plate member. It is arranged side by side, and on the soil support structure, a water-permeable sheet for extending the roots of the trees in the horizontal direction is laid, and means for fixing the roots of the trees to the planting soil layer is provided. . Further, as the water level control means, an orifice is provided at a predetermined height position of the side wall portion of the reservoir tank . Further, the tree fixing means is a root entanglement means such as a root entanglement non-woven fabric. Still further, the water supply means comprises a capillary structure. Furthermore,
The capillary structure is a porous granular aggregate. The capillary structure is attached to the soil layer support structure. Furthermore, the capillary structure is configured as a part of the soil layer support structure. Still further, a pump is employed as the water supply means . Still further, the present invention is characterized in that external air containing air pollutants is introduced into the air layer. In addition, it is characterized in that it is installed on a large-scale outflow control facility constructed underground, and a part of the inflow water is discharged to the facility.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a reservoir tank, which is composed of a side wall 1a and a bottom wall 1b. The side wall 1a may be formed integrally as a whole, or may be configured by assembling parts such as sides. In addition, the planar shape of the reservoir 1 surrounded by the side wall 1a may be any of a triangle, a polygon of four or more squares, a circle, an ellipse, and an elongated shape provided on a road separation zone. Furthermore, as a constituent material of the side wall portion 1a, any material having a predetermined strength such as (reinforcing steel) concrete, synthetic resin, earthenware, metal, wood may be used. On the other hand, if the said bottom wall part 1b has predetermined support strength and can support this invention system, the roof of a building, the up-and-down of a viaduct, a road separation zone, a general park, the ground of green space, etc. Any of them may be used. Further, the side wall 1a and the bottom wall 1b may be side and bottom surfaces of holes formed by excavating the ground.
[0007]
As a means for providing a water storage function to the water storage tank 1 composed of the side wall portion 1a and the bottom wall portion 1b, as shown in FIG. 2, a method of stretching a waterproof sheet 1c on the inner surface or spraying a waterproofing agent In addition, in particular, when the side wall portion 1a and the bottom wall portion 1b themselves have a water shielding function, any means such as a method of performing a waterproof treatment on the connecting portions may be used. In the said Example, although the water storage tank 1 was comprised by the side wall part 1a and the bottom wall part 1b, the storage water tank of this invention is not limited to this, Even if it has the structure which formed the side wall part 1a and the bottom wall part 1b integrally. Good. In this case, water shielding and waterproofing can be omitted.
[0008]
In FIG. 1, 2 is a soil layer support structure, and as shown in FIG. 3, a large number of soil layer support units 2a are arranged in the reservoir tank 1 (stacked as necessary). As apparent from FIG. 3, the soil layer support unit 2a is composed of a flat plate member 2a ′ and a large number of support members 2a ″. Further, the flat plate member 2a ′ is a flat plate portion 2a having a large number of openings P. '-1, a grid-like or mesh-like reinforcing rib 2a'-2, and a fitting cylinder portion 2a'-3 into which the upper end portion of the column 2a "is fitted, and is molded of synthetic resin. P ′ is a hole into which a water supply means 6 described later is inserted.
[0009]
The support column 2a ″ is integrally assembled so as to support the flat plate member 2a ′ and to form a large storage space under the support member 2a ′. These soil layer support units 2a are mutually connected by an appropriate connecting means. As a specific example of the soil layer support unit 2a, there is a product name: “Aqua Trap” manufactured by Meiji Rubber Chemical Co., Ltd. The soil layer support structure 2 of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and is a structure having a high porosity and a structural strength that can withstand loads such as a soil layer for planting or a plant to be described later. Any of these may be used, and any of the structures of this type that are conventionally sold or known. The material of the soil layer support structure 2 may be metal, concrete, earthenware, wood, etc., and the shape may be any of box shape, block shape, column beam structure, etc., but a lightweight and high strength structure is integrally formed. Alternatively, it is preferably made of a synthetic resin suitable for partial molding and assembling and integrating them.
[0010]
A water permeable sheet 2b such as a nonwoven fabric is laid on the upper surface of the soil layer support structure 2, and a planting soil layer 3 is formed thereon. The water-permeable sheet 2b may be any sheet as long as it allows water and air to pass through but does not allow soil particles to pass through. As soil used for forming the soil layer 3 for planting, normal soil can be used, but it is preferable to use porous granular artificial soil. Porous granular artificial soil is, for example, a porous material containing all or part of a substance with a high basic exchange capacity, a substance with a high water retention capacity, and a slow-release fertilizer, and is lightweight and has a high water retention capacity. It has excellent fertilizer retention, water permeability and air permeability, and does not hinder root elongation.
As the artificial soil having such characteristics, for example, a trade name “Garden Road” (manufactured by Createrra Co., Ltd.) can be used. In the present embodiment, the planting soil layer 3 is surrounded by a soil layer enclosure 1a ′ formed as an upper extension of the side wall 1a, but the soil layer enclosure 1a ′ may have a different structure. .
[0011]
FIG. 4 shows an example of means (water level control means) for controlling the water level of the stored water W in the storage tank 1 below a certain level, and an orifice 4 is provided at a desired height position of the side wall 1a. If the water level exceeds this position, drain the water so that the water level will not rise any further. Therefore, an air layer A is formed between the water surface of the stored water W and the planting soil layer 3. In the case of intensive precipitation, the water level temporarily rises beyond the drainage capacity of the orifice 4, but a large amount of water is used by utilizing the space from the air layer A to the soil layer 3 for planting. Can be stored. The water exceeding the height of the orifice 4 is gradually drained by the water amount control function of the orifice 4 and the outflow is suppressed. Eventually, the water level finally becomes the height of the orifice 4, and the air layer A is ensured reliably and stably. In addition, an overflow pipe 5 is provided above the orifice 4, and this overflow pipe is used when a large amount of rain falls in a short time and overflows from the planting soil layer 3. 5. Drain the water reliably and quickly from 5, and prevent soil from flowing out of the soil layer 3 for planting. Furthermore, a control means for forcibly draining by operating a pump (not shown) upon sensing the water level may be provided. When heavy rain is predicted, stored water at a position lower than the orifice 4 may be forcibly drained in advance by a pump so that a larger amount of rainwater can be stored in advance.
[0012]
Again, in FIG. 1, 6 is a water supply means, the lower end part is located near the bottom part of the water storage tank 1, and the upper part reaches the inside of the soil layer 3 for planting, and the water storage tank 1 is made by capillary force. It has a capillary structure in which the stored water rises up to the planting soil layer 3 and is supplied. The capillary structure as the water supply means 6 of the present embodiment is provided by suspending a cylindrical cloth bag filled with soil from the flat plate member 2a 'of the soil layer support unit 2a. The strut member 2a ″ of the layer support unit 2a may be filled in the hollow. Further, instead of the soil-filled cloth bag, a capillary force function such as a cloth such as a nonwoven fabric or a thin tube bundle such as a fiber bundle or a hollow fiber bundle is provided. Any one of them may be used as long as it has. Further, a part of the strut member 2a ″ soil layer support structure 2 may have a capillary structure. Still further, a water pump separate from or combined with the drainage pump may be provided to supply water.
[0013]
Although various plants can be planted in the planting soil layer 3, in particular, when planting trees, it is necessary to stably fix them. FIG. 5 shows an example of a means for fixing the root R of the tree T. The holding frame 7 surrounding the root R, the cord 8 connected to the holding frame 7, and the lower end of the cord 8 are shown. It is comprised from the anchor part 9 fixed to the said soil layer support structure 2 (refer FIG. 6 (A)). Moreover, as another method of fixing the lower end portion of the cord body 8, there is a method of fixing to the covering fixing member 10 laid on the soil layer support structure 2, as shown in FIG. It is not limited to these. The covering fixing member 10 is a plate-like member such as a net-like, lattice-like member or punching metal, and is laid on the soil layer support structure 2 in a certain area or more, and is suppressed by the load of planting soil. Or it connects with the soil layer support structure 2, and exhibits the function as a firm fixing member. The covering fixing member 10 may be integrated not only by laying on the soil layer support structure 2 but also by an appropriate fixing tool. Further, the root R of the tree T may be entangled with the covering fixing member 10 or the soil layer support structure 2 and fixed more stably. Furthermore, when there is a possibility that the roots R enter the storage tank 1 to rot the stored water and cause deterioration of water quality, the nonwoven fabric for reinforcing the root entanglement (not shown) By laying one layer or several layers, the root R may be actively entangled with the root R to prevent the root R from extending.
[0014]
Since the storage greening water supply system of the present embodiment is configured as described above, rainwater that pours onto the system penetrates into the planting soil layer 3 and is absorbed by the roots of the plant, or the storage tank below. Osmosis falls within 1. In addition, rainwater poured into another place is introduced into the reservoir tank 1. In particular, when installed under a viaduct, direct rain cannot be expected, and therefore, for example, it is preferable to introduce rain that has fallen on the viaduct. The stored water is not limited to the rainwater, and drainage may be introduced as appropriate. In case of shortage due to drought, tap water or river water may be replenished.
[0015]
The stored water W in the storage tank 1 is introduced into the planting soil layer 3 by the capillary force of the water supply means 6 and absorbed from the roots of the plant. Since there is an air layer A on the stored water W, not only is there no worry that the plant will be rotted, but this air layer A and plant will not be damaged when heavy rain falls for a short time due to heavy rain. Since rainwater can be temporarily stored up to the planting soil layer 3, it can also function as an outflow control facility.
[0016]
The soil of the planting soil layer 3 is always in an environment where appropriate soil moisture, soil air, etc. are constantly and automatically maintained and can be inhabited by soil microorganisms. It can be expected to effectively purify harmful gases such as NOx. When installing along roads with particularly heavy traffic, exhaust gas such as NOx discharged from transportation such as trucks should be actively introduced into the planting soil layer 3 of the present system for purification. Is possible. In this case, it is effective to introduce harmful gas such as NOx into the air layer A between the stored water surface and the planting soil layer 3.
[0017]
In particular, when the system of the present invention is installed on the roof of a middle- and high-rise building, it not only has a heat shielding effect to the downstairs, but can effectively prevent the so-called heat island phenomenon, and a large amount in the reservoir 1 Due to the inertia effect of the stored water and the soil layer for planting, it is possible to exert a damping function during an earthquake and a damping function during a strong wind.
[0018]
FIG. 7 shows an application example of the system of the present invention. The stored greening water supply system of the present invention is installed on the upper part of a large-scale outflow control facility 11 constructed underground, and all or part of the inflow water is shown. Is stored in the storage water tank 1 and a part thereof is discharged into the outflow suppression facility 11 from the orifice or the overflow pipe. The outflow control facility 11 is a rainwater adjustment pond 11a structure as shown in the right half section of FIG. 7 or a rainwater infiltration tank 11b as shown in the left half section. Is also used.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
1) Since rainwater and the like can be used effectively for water supply to plants, water supply maintenance is not required, and a reduction in running cost due to water supply can be expected.
2) It can also be expected as a countermeasure against urban floods that occur frequently in overcrowded cities.
3) When it is required to solve both greening and flood control, it can be very effective.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway sectional view showing an embodiment of the system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the reservoir tank of the embodiment of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a plan view (A), an II cross-sectional view (B), and a roll cross-sectional view of the soil support unit of the embodiment of FIG. 1;
4 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of the stored water level control means of FIG. 1; FIG.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of a tree fixing means.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing a more specific embodiment of a tree fixing means.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing an application example of the stored greening water supply system of the present invention to an outflow control facility.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional storage greening system.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Reservoir 1a Side wall part 1a 'Soil layer enclosure 1b Bottom wall part 2 Soil layer support structure 2a Soil layer support unit 2a' Flat plate member 2a'-1 Flat plate part 2a'-2 Reinforcement rib part 2a'-3 Fitting cylinder Part 2a ″ strut member 3 soil layer for planting 4 orifice 5 overflow pipe 6 water supply means 7 holding frame 8 cable body 9 anchor part 10 covering fixing member 11 runoff control facility 11a rainwater adjustment pond 11b rainwater infiltration tank A air layer R root T Tree

Claims (10)

Water level control means for storing water such as rain water and controlling the stored water below a predetermined water level, a storage tank that forms an air layer on the surface of the stored water, and a storage tank A soil layer support structure to be installed; a planting soil layer formed on the soil layer support structure; and water supply means for supplying the water stored in the reservoir to the planting soil layer. In the storage greening water supply system configured
The soil support structure is configured by arranging a large number of soil support units including a flat plate member having a large number of openings and a large number of support members supporting the flat plate member, and the roots of the trees are horizontally arranged on the soil support structure. A stored greening water supply system characterized by laying a water-permeable sheet for stretching and providing means for fixing tree roots to the soil layer for planting. The stored greening water supply system according to claim 1, wherein an orifice is provided at a predetermined height position of the side wall of the storage water tank as the water level control means . The stored greening water supply system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the tree fixing means is root entanglement means such as a nonwoven fabric for strengthening root entanglement.  The stored greening water supply system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the water supply means comprises a capillary structure.  The stored greening water supply system according to claim 4, wherein the capillary structure is a porous granular aggregate.  The stored greening water supply system according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the capillary structure is attached to the soil layer support structure.  The stored greening water supply system according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the capillary structure is configured as a part of the soil layer support structure. The stored greening water supply system according to claim 1, wherein a pump is adopted as the water supply means . The stored greening water supply system according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, wherein external air containing air pollutants is introduced into the air layer.  It is installed on a large-scale outflow control facility constructed in the ground and configured to discharge a part of the inflow water to the facility. The stored greening water supply system according to 6, 7, 8 or 9.

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