JP2006241812A - Environmental temperature lowering device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently take away the stored heat of a building and the other individual object in a city section, with the latent heat of water vaporization without using new power or energy by ensuring energy saving into practice. <P>SOLUTION: This environmental temperature lowering device is composed of a wall type transpiration part 3 covering the wall surface 2 of the building 1; two post members 4, 4 for supporting the wall type transpiration part 3 through wire frames 4c and support frames 4a, 4a; storage tanks 5 of evaporated water in the post members; water supply ropes 6 of capillary structures for supplying evaporated water to unit plate members 3a at respective corresponding heights of the wall type transpiration part 3 from each of multistage divided tanks 5a constituting the storage tank 5; a rain gutter 7 for collecting rainwater; and lead-in piping 8 for leading collected rainwater into the storage tank 5. The wall type transpiration part 3 comprises unit plate members 3a made of porous ceramic, and string-like supply ropes 5d of capillary structures are arranged between the vertically adjacent divided tanks 5a and between supply tanks 5b. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an environmental temperature reduction device that reduces a temperature rise in buildings and other surrounding environments due to a so-called heat island phenomenon, which is a warming phenomenon that occurs only in urban areas where houses, roads, buildings, factories, and the like are densely packed.

  The heat island phenomenon is a global warming phenomenon that occurs only in urban areas where houses, roads, buildings, factories, etc. are densely populated, and is called this because a region with a high temperature looks like a heated island. Yes.

  In urban areas, the ground surface is covered with asphalt and concrete, and solar heat accumulates on them, and since the large amount of heat stored during the day continues to be released, the temperature of the atmosphere is kept high. In addition, since the green space and rivers are decreasing, the temperature drop due to evaporation of moisture is reduced.

  Also, the increase in outside air temperature due to the increase of artificial exhaust heat from automobiles, air conditioners, factories, etc. is also progressing.

  In urban areas, forested buildings are obstructed so that wind from the outside does not easily flow in. Therefore, the atmosphere tends to stagnate and warmed air is difficult to escape to the outside.

  Due to the heat island phenomenon resulting from the above circumstances, the living environment has deteriorated, and combined with the increase in the number of days in tropical nights and midsummer days, it causes health damage such as heat stroke and sleep disorders.

As one of the techniques for reducing such a heat island phenomenon, there is a proposal of a temperature rise prevention system (Patent Document 1).
This temperature rise prevention system stores all rainwater that falls on the road, its slopes, artificial ground such as median strips or pavements, or rooftops and verandas of buildings, etc. in a storage tank, and is used on the rooftops, verandas and terraces of buildings. Porous structure ceramics is placed on the surface of artificial ground such as pavements, road slopes and median strips, and the rainwater stored in the water storage tank is pumped up on them by pumping them. Water is sprinkled and retained in the porous structure ceramic, and the surface temperature is continuously lowered by the heat of vaporization caused by the transpiration of the water generated therein, the excess water is stored again in the water storage tank, and as described above, It is a technique that repeats the circulation process of sprinkling water on porous structure ceramics.

  The purpose of this is to reduce the heat island phenomenon. Rainwater is poured into the porous structure ceramics arranged on the surface of the road or the roof of the building, and the water stored in the porous structure ceramic is taken away. The temperature of the building or the like to be prevented from rising is reduced. The use of rainwater is intended to realize an efficient temperature drop by using the latent heat of evaporation without imposing a burden on the water supply or the like.

  However, in this temperature rise prevention system, a pump is used to supply rainwater to the temperature rise prevention target, surplus water is repeatedly sent to the temperature rise prevention target, and new energy is consumed. The viewpoint of energy saving is not thorough. The use of the pump also causes a problem of generating a little new heat.

JP 2003-105883 A

  The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, thoroughly saves energy, and uses the latent heat of water evaporation to store the heat stored in urban buildings and other individual objects without using new power or energy. The solution is to reduce the heat island phenomenon through efficient deprivation.

  One aspect of the present invention is an environmental temperature reduction device constituted by a transpiration portion having a transpiration surface for transpiration of water and a water supply means constructed in a capillary structure for supplying transpiration water to the transpiration portion.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the environmental temperature reducing apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention, the water supply means is connected to a storage tank that stores rainwater collected by the rainwater collecting means as water for transpiration.

  A third aspect of the present invention is the environmental temperature reducing device according to the first or second aspect of the present invention, wherein the transpiration portion is formed of a porous member having continuous pores.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the environmental temperature reducing device according to the first, second or third aspect of the present invention, the capillary structure and the transpiration portion of the water supply means are treated to prevent clogging by microorganisms.

5 of the present invention is the environmental temperature reduction device of 2, 3, or 4 of the present invention, wherein the storage tank is composed of a plurality of branch tanks arranged in the height direction, The excess water is sequentially supplied to the lower branch tank and stored,
The water supply means comprises a number of branch water supply means corresponding to the branch tanks of the storage tank,
Each branch water supply means is connected to each branch tank so as to supply water to a portion within the corresponding height range of the transpiration unit.

  6 of the present invention is the environmental temperature reducing device of 5 of the present invention, wherein the rainwater collecting means is connected to the uppermost branch tank of the storage tank.

  7 of the present invention is the environmental temperature reducing device according to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 of the present invention, wherein the transpiration unit is an outer wall cover that covers the ceiling of an outdoor shelter type shelter and the outer wall of the building. Either a member, a vine plant-type member, a dendritic plant-type member or a Yoshizu-type member is employed.

  According to the environmental temperature reduction device of 1 of the present invention, the transpiration unit is installed at an appropriate interval in a temperature reduction target region, or the transpiration unit is provided at any site around a temperature reduction target building or the like. By installing them, supplying water to them by the water supply means, and evaporating the water from the transpiration units, the latent heat of vaporization can be removed from the surroundings, and the temperature of the surroundings can be efficiently reduced. Therefore, if a necessary number of these transpiration parts are installed in the surrounding area of the environment where the ambient temperature is high or around the building, the temperature can be lowered over a wide range in the area or the vicinity of the building, thereby reducing the heat island phenomenon. Can help.

  Further, as described above, according to the environmental temperature reduction device of the present invention, the water supply means has a capillary structure, and the capillarity is used for transpiration without using any power to the transpiration unit. It can supply water. Therefore, it is possible to thoroughly save energy.

  The water supplied to the transpiration unit is not limited to a specific one. Of course, various types of rainwater such as bathtub drainage can be used as long as they do not adversely affect the water supply means and the transpiration unit. Naturally tap water can also be used, but rainwater or the like is more suitable from the viewpoint of economy.

  According to the environmental temperature reduction device 2 of the present invention, water is supplied from a storage tank storing rainwater, thereby reducing the temperature of the surrounding environment, and effective use of water resources can be achieved, and water supply is newly added. No heavy load. That is, according to the environmental temperature reducing apparatus 2 of the present invention, the running cost is hardly required.

  According to the environmental temperature reducing apparatus 3 of the present invention, water can be efficiently and uniformly introduced into the entire range of the transpiration portion and transpiration can be uniformly performed over the entire range.

  According to the environmental temperature reducing device 4 of the present invention, the capillary structure and the transpiration portion of the water supply means are not easily clogged even after long-term use, so that the water supply action by capillary action can be achieved without special maintenance work. Decrease or decrease in transpiration due to transpiration does not occur easily.

  According to the environmental temperature reducing device 5 of the present invention, even if the transpiration portion is a thing having a wide area in the height direction, water can be satisfactorily supplied to any height region. Good transpiration can be produced.

  According to the environmental temperature reducing apparatus of the sixth aspect of the present invention, the storage tank is composed of a plurality of branch tanks, but by supplying water only to the uppermost storage tank, the excess water is directly below. The rainwater can be easily supplied to all the branch tanks.

  According to the environmental temperature reduction device of 7 of the present invention, as the transpiration portion, it is possible to select and use that in an appropriate form depending on the aspect of the temperature reduction target region or the building, It is possible to efficiently reduce the environmental temperature without feeling uncomfortable.

  The environmental temperature reduction device of the present invention basically comprises a transpiration section having a transpiration surface for transpiration of water, and a water supply means constructed in a capillary structure for supplying transpiration water to the transpiration section. is there.

  The transpiration unit is means for evaporating the transpiration water from the transpiration surface and efficiently reducing the ambient temperature by the latent heat of evaporation. The transpiration unit can freely adopt various configurations capable of achieving this purpose. For example, the transpiration portion can be composed of a porous member having continuous pores. The purpose is to uniformly move the transpiration water received to the transpiration surface and efficiently transpiration from the entire transpiration surface.

  For example, a porous ceramic or the like can be used. Similarly, it is also possible to employ plastics that are configured to have continuous pores. In the case of such plastics, any of a hard or elastic plate or rod can be employed. A plastic film can also be used, but in this case as well, from the viewpoint of ensuring the property of spreading water throughout, for example, it is necessary to have a large number of minute spaces continuous inside, and the transpiration surface. For the sake of convenience, it is necessary that fine pores and the like be opened on the surface thereof in an average and dense manner. In addition, a non-woven fabric having a large number of continuous fine gaps can also be used.

  It is preferable that the transpiration portion is also made of a low heat storage material. The purpose is to avoid heat storage such as solar heat as much as possible, and to minimize the consumption of transpiration water to lower its own temperature.

  Such a transpiration unit is, in particular, the ceiling of an outdoor shelter type shelter, an outer wall cover member that covers the outer wall of a building, a vine plant-type member, a dendritic plant-type member, or Yoshizu in relation to the installation location. It can be configured as a mold member or the like. As described above, it is appropriate that these transpiration portions are attached to these using various members that block the sunlight and create the shade, or are configured in a member shape imitating them. Needless to say, it is not limited to a specific configuration as long as it has a transpiration surface and can efficiently transcribe water therefrom. These structures can be configured using a porous member having continuous pores as described above, a nonwoven fabric having a large number of continuous fine gaps, or the like.

  As described above, the water supply means is means for supplying the transpiration water to the transpiration section, and is intended to supply the transpiration water to the transpiration section without using any power by utilizing capillary action. is there. Needless to say, the capillarity of the water supply means is generated by the capillary structure constituting the capillarity.

  Capillary phenomenon is a phenomenon in which the liquid level in the tube becomes higher or lower than the liquid level outside the tube when a capillary is set up in the liquid, and the liquid wets the tube. When the liquid level in the pipe is higher than the liquid level outside the pipe and the liquid level is not wet, the liquid level in the pipe is lower than the liquid level outside the pipe. In the present invention, needless to say, the former case is used, and the capillary structure of the water supply means is constituted by using a member having a property of getting wet with water.

  Such a capillary phenomenon occurs not only when the tube is used but also when a member having a narrow gap is placed in the liquid, and this phenomenon is also referred to as a capillary phenomenon.

  The capillary structure refers to a structure capable of causing capillary action as described above. As described above, this capillary structure naturally includes a capillary or a structure in which capillaries are bundled. It shall include all structures having a minute gap space similar to the space inside the pipe. For example, ropes composed of various wettable fibers can be employed. In this case, for example, the periphery excluding one end and the other end is covered with a water-tight covering material so that transpiration does not occur from the middle. Moreover, the nonwoven fabric comprised with the appropriate material with high wettability can also be employ | adopted. Also in this case, portions other than one end and the other end should be covered with a watertight covering material so that no transpiration occurs from the middle.

  Such a water supply means should be sized or configured using a plurality of transpiration waters depending on the transpiration capacity and size of the transpiration unit. Moreover, when a transpiration | evaporation part has a large area, this transpiration | evaporation part can be divided | segmented into a some area, and the some water supply means which supplies water for every area can be comprised.

  In addition, it is appropriate that the water supply means perform a treatment for preventing clogging by microorganisms on the capillary structure. For example, an antibacterial treatment in which an antibacterial metal such as silver or copper is disposed can be performed. Thus, a high water supply capacity can be maintained over a long period of time.

  Furthermore, it is appropriate that the water supply means is connected to a storage tank that stores rainwater collected by the rainwater collecting means as transpiration water.

  The rainwater collecting means is not limited to a specific configuration, and various means capable of collecting rainwater falling in an area where the apparatus is installed can be freely adopted. For example, a fence or the like configured around the roof of a building to be installed can be employed. Various means for collecting rainwater using the inclination of the surface of the installation target can be appropriately configured.

  The storage tank is means for storing rainwater collected by the rainwater collecting means as described above, and various configurations capable of achieving the purpose can be freely adopted. Of course, the storage tank is configured in various shapes such as various other articles, for example, a part of a building, a specific building, or a monument in relation to the installation target of this device. May be appropriate, and such a configuration can naturally be freely set.

  The storage tank is also composed of a plurality of branch tanks arranged in the height direction, and is configured such that the overflow moisture in the branch tank in the high place is sequentially supplied to and stored in the lower branch tank. can do. In this case, the rainwater collecting means may be connected to the uppermost branch tank of the storage tank. Furthermore, in this case, the water supply means is constituted by a number of branch water supply means corresponding to the branch tanks of the storage tank, and the branch water supply means are connected to the branch tanks of the respective stages. Suitably, the transpiration section is configured to supply water to a portion within the corresponding height range.

  As described above, the storage tank is divided into a plurality of branch tanks in the height direction, and water is supplied from the branch tanks at each height to the transpiration section water supply area of the corresponding height. Convenient for efficient water supply. This is particularly effective when the transpiration unit that is the target of water supply has a large dimension in the height direction.

  The water supply means has a limit in the water supply height due to the capillary structure and the nature of the material constituting the capillary structure, and water cannot be supplied to a region exceeding that height. Therefore, in the case where the transpiration portion has a dimension that exceeds the limit of the water supply height of the water supply means in the height direction, the storage tank is configured as a multistage branch tank as described above, and the water supply means is also provided. The structure which consists of a some branch water supply means and supplies water as mentioned above becomes important.

  In addition, the storage tank having a plurality of branch tanks in the height direction as described above is configured by using various upright members, for example, a tree trunk member or a columnar member. Can do.

  Therefore, according to the environmental temperature reduction device of the present invention, the transpiration unit is installed in any part around the target building or the like, or the transpiration unit is installed in an appropriate place in the target region. By supplying water to the transpiration unit by means of water supply and evaporating from the transpiration unit, the latent heat of evaporation can be taken away from the periphery, and the temperature of the periphery can be efficiently reduced. Therefore, if a large number of the transpiration portions are installed and used in a wide range of the target building or area, the temperature can be lowered in a wide range, and the heat island phenomenon can be reduced.

  In addition, as described above, the water supply means is configured in a capillary structure, and supplies transpiration water by capillary action without using any power to the transpiration unit, thereby thoroughly saving energy. .

  As mentioned above, if rainwater collected by the rainwater collecting means is stored in a storage tank and used for transpiration in the transpiration section, it does not impose a new load on the water supply, and extremely It will be economical.

  When the transpiration portion is formed of a porous member having continuous pores, the received transpiration water can be uniformly moved to the transpiration surface and efficiently transpiration from the entire transpiration surface. In addition, when the transpiration unit is made of a low heat storage material, it is possible to avoid heat storage such as unnecessary solar heat, so that an increase in the environmental temperature due to this can be avoided, and further transpiration water for lowering the temperature. Unnecessary consumption can be reduced.

  As described above, when the capillary structure of the water supply means is treated to prevent clogging by microorganisms, naturally, the capillary structure of the water supply means does not easily clog even after long-term use. The water supply effect is not easily reduced.

  As described above, when the storage tank is configured to have a plurality of branch water tanks in the height direction, and the water supply means is configured with a plurality of corresponding water supply means, the transpiration section has a wide area in the height direction. Even if it is a possessed item, sufficient transpiration water can be supplied satisfactorily to any height region, and a good transpiration action can be produced.

  Further, as described above, the transpiration section is configured as any one of the ceiling of the outdoor shelter type shelter, the outer wall cover member that covers the outer wall of the building, the vine plant type member, the dendritic plant type member, or the Yoshizu type member. In such a case, it is possible to select and use an appropriate form according to the aspect of the temperature reduction target, and it is possible to efficiently reduce the environmental temperature without an uncomfortable appearance.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the first embodiment is an example in which the present invention is configured as a wall cover material that covers the south wall surface of a building, and basically a wall-type transpiration unit that covers the wall surface 2 of the building 1. 3, a strut member 4 that supports the strut member 4, a transpiration water storage tank 5 configured inside the strut member 4, and a water supply rope (water supply) that supplies the transpiration water from the storage tank 5 to the wall-type transpiration unit 3. Means) 6, 6 ..., a rain gutter (rain water collecting means) 7 for collecting rain water, and an introduction pipe 8 for introducing the rain water collected by the rain gutter 7 into the storage tank 5 as transpiration water. is there.

  As shown in FIG. 1 (a), the wall-type transpiration unit 3 is a large plate formed by connecting a large number of quadrilateral plate-like unit plate members 3a, 3a... In this embodiment, an opening 3b corresponding to a window opened on the wall surface 2 of the building 1 to be covered is opened near the center. Each of the unit plate members 3a, 3a,... Is a porous ceramic plate material having continuous pores.

  As shown in FIG. 2A, the wire frame 4c is coupled to support frames 4a and 4a having both ends coupled to the upper and lower portions of the column members 4 and 4 on both sides, and the column members 4 and 4 are interposed therebetween. Is supported by Further, as shown in the figure, the wire frame 4c is composed of wire members 4c1, 4c1,..., 4c2, 4c2,..., And the wire members 4c1, 4c1,. Of course, the arrangement is set in correspondence with the arrangement of the unit plate members 3a, 3a.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 (e) and FIG. 2 (d), a pair of hooks 3a1, 3a1 are disposed on the back of the unit plate members 3a, 3a,. As shown in FIG. 2 (d), the pair of upper and lower hooks 3a1, 3a1 can be engaged with the upper and lower two wire members 4c1, 4c1 arranged at the corresponding intervals. It has become. Therefore, the horizontal wire members 4c1, 4c1,... Of the wire frame 4c are, as shown in FIG. 1A, hooks 3a1 of unit plate members 3a, 3a,. In correspondence with the arrangement of 3a1,..., As shown in FIG. 2 (a), the unit plate members 3a, 3a in the direction in the vertical direction as a set of two unit plate members 3a, 3a,. Assume that they are arranged in the number of .... The vertical wire members 4c2, 4c2,... Are arranged at substantially horizontal width intervals between the unit plate members 3a, 3a,.

  The vertical and horizontal wire members 4c1, 4c1,..., 4c2, 4c2,... Are made of rigid metal wires, and are joined together by welding at the intersections to form the wire frame 4c as described above. To do. As described above, the wire frame 4c is coupled to the upper and lower support frames 4a and 4a. In this embodiment, the coupling is performed by welding. Further, the support frames 4a and 4a are fixed to the annular portions of the mounting brackets 4b and 4b described later, with both ends thereof arranged in the corresponding portions of the support columns 4 and 4, respectively.

  As shown in FIG. 2 (d), the wall-type transpiration unit 3 locks the unit plate members 3a, 3a... With the hooks 3a1, 3a1 on the sideways wire members 4c1, 4c1,. However, it is configured by arranging as shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 1 (a), each of the support members 4 and 4 is a rectangular tube-shaped member made of metal. It is fixed near the corner of the target building 1 or in the middle of the wall surface 2. Therefore, the wall-type transpiration portion 3 is arranged at a predetermined interval on the front surface of the target wall surface 2 and is held in that state by the column members 4 and 4 disposed on both sides thereof.

  The mounting bracket 4b includes an annular portion wound around the support members 4 and 4 and an annular portion as shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) and FIGS. 2 (a), 2 (b) and 2 (c). It consists of an extending arm part and a mounting piece arranged at the tip of the arm part, and the mounting member is fixed to the wall surface 2 of the building 1 with screws or the like, so that the column members 4 and 4 are fixed to the building 1. To do.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (c), the storage tank 5 is configured inside the column members 4 and 4 on both sides of the wall-type transpiration unit 3, and is arranged at regular intervals in the vertical direction. .. And a replenishment tank 5b at the bottom. Each of the branch tanks 5a, 5a,... Is configured to protrude from one inner wall constituting the four sides of the column member 4 and the other inner wall facing this to the other inner wall side. In particular, the upper and lower adjacent branch tanks 5 a and 5 a are configured to protrude from the inner wall on the opposite side of the column member 4. Further, as shown in FIG. 1 (d), the lowermost replenishing tank 5b is provided with a float switch 5c, and when it is detected that the water level has dropped below a predetermined level, this is not shown. The piping valve is opened, and tap water can be introduced as transpiration water up to the predetermined level. Further, when the water level exceeds another predetermined level, the replenishing tank 5b overflows and is discharged into a drainage groove through a discharge port and a drainage hose (not shown).

  As shown in FIG. 1 (c), a string-like supply rope 5d having a capillary structure is disposed between the upper and lower adjacent branch tanks 5a, 5a,. The water in the branch tank 5a can be supplied to the upper branch tank 5a by capillary action. Further, a supply rope 5d is also arranged in the branch tank 5a immediately above the lowermost supply tank 5b so that the same function can be achieved.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1 (a), an introduction pipe 8 for introducing the rainwater collected from the rain gutter 7 of the building 1 as transpiration water is connected to the uppermost branch tank 5a of the storage tank 5. It is.

  The water supply ropes 6, 6... Are submerged in the branch tanks 5a, 5a... Of the storage tank 5 inside the column members 4 and 4 on both sides of the wall-type transpiration unit 3, respectively. The other end side is extended in the lateral direction at the height to the middle point on the back side of the wall-type transpiration unit 3 and is connected to the unit plate members 3a, 3a,. The other end of each of the water supply ropes 6, 6... Is directly coupled to the back surface of the unit plate members 3a, 3a. .., Branch the ropes 6 a, 6 a... And connect them to the corresponding unit plate members 3 a, 3 a.

  The water supply ropes 6, 6... And the branch ropes 6 a, 6 a... Are mainly composed of an elongated non-woven core part 6 b, and as shown in FIG. It is made by applying. The supply ropes 5d, 5d,... Have the same configuration. The above-mentioned water supply ropes 6, 6 ..., the branch ropes 6a, 6a ... and the replenishment ropes 5d, 5d ... are subjected to antibacterial treatment, and the wall-type transpiration unit 3 is the back surface of each unit plate member 3a, 3a ... A non-water-permeable coating is applied except for the portion where the water supply rope 6 is connected, and the front side is subjected to antibacterial treatment.

  Therefore, according to the environmental temperature reduction device of this embodiment, as described above, each unit plate of the wall-type transpiration unit 3 is used by being arranged at a predetermined interval on the front surface of the wall surface 2 of the target building 1. .. Are supplied to the members 3a, 3a... From the corresponding branch tanks 5a, 5a... Corresponding to the storage tank 5 through the water supply ropes 6, 6. By evaporating the transpiration water, the latent heat of vaporization can be removed from the surrounding area, and the temperature in the vicinity of the building 1 can be efficiently reduced. Therefore, if this environmental temperature reduction device is similarly installed and used in a building in the entire area to which the target building 1 belongs, not only this building 1 but also the surrounding area can be lowered in temperature. It will also help to reduce the heat island phenomenon in the city.

  The transpiration water used in this environmental temperature reduction device is basically rainwater, and the rainwater collected by the rain gutter 7 as rainwater collection means is stored in the storage tank 5 configured in the support members 4 and 4 through the introduction pipe 8. The rainwater is mainly used for transpiration in the wall-type transpiration unit 3.

  As described above, the storage tank 5 is composed of a plurality of branch tanks 5 a, 5 a... Configured in multiple stages in the height direction, and rainwater introduced through the introduction pipe 8 flows down to the uppermost branch tank 5 a. It will be. Rainwater overflowing from the uppermost branch tank 5a further flows down to the branch tank 5a immediately below. This is repeated in succession, and then flows down to the lowermost replenishing tank 5b, and each of the branch tanks 5a, 5a... And the lowermost replenishing tank 5b is filled with a certain amount of rain. When the water level in the lowermost replenishing tank 5b exceeds the other predetermined level, the excess water is drained through a drain hose or the like.

  In addition, when there is a shortage of transpiration water due to lack of precipitation or the like, in the storage tank 5, the transpiration water is supplied from the lowermost supply tank 5b to the branch tank 5a immediately above it through the supply rope 5d. The distilled water is supplied to the uppermost branch tank 5a through the supply rope 5d arranged between the branch tanks 5a and 5a. As described above, the supply of the transpiration water by the replenishment ropes 5d, 5d... Is due to capillary action and does not use any power. When the water level in the lowermost replenishing tank 5b falls below a predetermined level and the water level is detected by the float switch 5c, as shown above, a valve of a pipe (not shown) is opened, and the water level is reduced to the predetermined level. Water will be introduced.

  Thus, in each branch tank 5a, 5a ... of the storage tank 5, rain water or tap water or a mixed water thereof is always stored as transpiration water, and these transpiration water is stored in the branch tanks 5a, 5a ... The unit plate members 3a, 3a,... Of the wall-type transpiration unit 3 are supplied through the water supply ropes 6, 6,.

  At this time, since the water supply ropes 6, 6... Have a capillary structure having a nonwoven fabric as a main component, the wall-type transpiration unit can be used from the branch tanks 5 a, 5 a. The three unit plate members 3a, 3a... Can be supplied with transpiration water by capillary action.

  Further, as described above, the unit plate members 3a, 3a,... Of the wall-type transpiration unit 3 are composed of porous ceramic plates having continuous pores, and the transpiration water received by the water supply ropes 5a, 5a,. It can be uniformly moved to the transpiration surface and efficiently transpiration from the entire transpiration surface. Therefore, the temperature around the building 1 can be efficiently reduced.

  In this embodiment, as described above, the rainwater collected by the gutter 7 is mainly stored and used in the storage tank 5, and tap water is used only when it is insufficient. In addition, it can be used to reduce the environmental temperature without any problem even when rainwater is insufficient.

  In this embodiment, the water supply ropes 6, 6,..., The branch ropes 6a, 6a, the supply ropes 5d, 5d, and the unit plate members 3a, 3a,. The clogging does not occur even when the period is used. For this reason, the water supply effect and the transpiration effect due to clogging are not easily reduced.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the second embodiment is an example in which the present invention is applied to an outdoor waiting place shelter such as a bus stop. Basically, the shelter structure 11 and its beams 12a and 12a and eaves girder are used. The plant-type transpiration unit 13, 13... Disposed on the shelf 12 c inside the 12 b, the rain water pumping unit 15 configured in the column members 14, 14... Of the shelter structure 11, and the top of the pumping unit 15. A water supply rope (water supply means) 16, 16... For supplying transpiration water to the plant-type transpiration unit 13, 13..., A rain gutter (rain water collection means) 17 for collecting rain water, and a rain gutter 17. It is composed of a water pipe 18 that feeds rainwater into the underground storage tank 19 as transpiration water.

  As shown in FIG. 3 (a), the shelter structure 11 includes a roof portion 11a, support members 14, 14... At four corners supporting the roof portion 11a, beams 12a, 12a and eaves girders 12b directly below the roof portion 11a. And the shelf 12c on the inside thereof. The roof portion 11a is inclined downward from the front portion to the rear portion, and the rain gutter so as to receive rainwater flowing down just below the rear end. 17 is arranged. As shown in FIG. 3 (c), the shelf 12c is a plate-like member having a shape along a side of a quadrilateral as viewed from above, and the beam members 12a, 12a and eaves are provided on the column members 14, 14,. It arrange | positions at the same height as the lower surface of the girder 12b.

  The plant-type transpiration unit 13, 13... Is a pseudo-plant-type transpiration unit configured like a potted plant as shown in FIGS. Although the bowl is not actually configured, as described above, these are arranged on the beams 12a and 12a of the shelter structure 11 and the shelf 12c on the inner side of the eaves girder 12b. It is configured to look like a potted plant. The upper green leaf portion 13a is formed by forming a green-colored non-woven fabric in such a manner, and the trunk portion 13b for raising the non-woven fabric is formed by covering a rod-shaped non-woven fabric with a reinforcing plastic pipe. The trunk portion 13b has an upper end coupled to a lower end of the green leaf portion 13a, and a lower end similarly connected to a horizontal base component 13c configured by covering a reinforcing plastic pipe with a rod-shaped nonwoven fabric. It is.

  The base component 13c is fixed on the shelf 12c so that the trunk portion 13b and the green leaf portion 13a on the trunk portion 13b can maintain an upright state.

  As described above, the pumping portion 15 is configured in the support members 14, 14... Of the shelter structure 11, respectively. The strut members 14, 14... Are metal rectangular tube-like members raised from a storage tank 19 constructed in the ground, and the pumping portion 15 is arranged vertically in this as shown in FIG. 3 (d). It is composed of a large number of branch pumping tanks 15a, 15a,... And string-like supply ropes 15b, 15b,.

  As shown in FIG. 3 (d), each branch pumping tank 15a, 15a,... Has one inner wall constituting the four sides of the column member 14 and another inner wall facing each other from the other inner wall facing this. It is configured to protrude to the side. In particular, the upper and lower adjacent branch pumping tanks 15 a and 15 a are configured to protrude from the inner wall on the opposite side of the column member 14.

  The replenishment ropes 15b, 15b ... are string-like members having a capillary structure, and are arranged between the upper and lower branch pumping tanks 15a, 15a as shown in FIG. Is submerged in the upper branch pumping tank 15a, and the lower end is submerged in the lower branch pumping tank 15a. The purpose is to supply water from the lower branch pumping tank 15a to the upper branch pumping tank 15a by capillary action. A replenishment rope 15b is arranged between the lowermost branch pumping tank 15a and the underground storage tank 19 in the same manner as the upper and lower adjacent branch pumping tanks 15a, 15a.

  As shown in FIG. 3 (e), the water supply ropes 16, 16... Are composed of a string-like nonwoven fabric core portion 16 a and a water-impermeable coating material 16 b covering the string-like nonwoven fabric core portion 16 a. Inside, the lower end is submerged in the uppermost branch pumping tank 15a of the pumping part 15, and then extended upward, and the upper end is coupled to the base component 13c of the plant-type transpiration parts 13, 13. It is a thing. The transpiration water in the branch pumping tank 15a is intended to be supplied to the plant-type transpiration units 13, 13 ... by capillary action.

  The above-mentioned water supply ropes 16, 16..., Supply ropes 15b, 15b... And plant type transpiration units 13, 13.

  The water pipe 18 is a pipe body that communicates between the rain gutter 17 and the underground storage tank 19, and supplies the rain water received by the rain gutter 17 to the storage tank 19.

  Therefore, according to the environmental temperature reduction device of this embodiment, when this is installed as a bus stop, as described above, it is arranged on the beams 12a and 12a directly below the roof portion 11a and the shelf 12c inside the eaves girder 12b. To the green leaf portion 13a of the plant-type transpiration unit 13, 13... The transpiration water of the underground storage tank 19 is divided into the multistage branch pumping tanks 15a, 15a..., The supply ropes 15b, 15b. It is supplied through the water supply ropes 16, 16, and the transpiration water is evaporated from the green leaf portions 13 a, 13 a of the plant-type transpiration units 13, 13. Lowering of the temperature below and around the shelter structure 11 can be achieved. Therefore, if this environmental temperature reduction device is used in combination with, for example, that of Example 1, the temperature in the region where it is installed can be lowered, and this contributes to the reduction of the heat island phenomenon in urban summer. Also become.

  The transpiration water used in this environmental temperature reduction device is rainwater, which flows down from the roof portion 11a and is received by the rain gutter 17 as rainwater collecting means, and is stored in a storage tank 19 constructed underground through a water pipe 18. The rainwater is supplied to the plant-type transpiration unit 13 and used for transpiration.

  The transpiration water in the storage tank 19 is pumped up through the pumping unit 15 as described above. First, transpiration water is pumped up by the replenishment rope 15b from the storage tank 19 to the lower part of the pumping tank 15a of the pumping section 15 located immediately above, and the upper and lower adjacent pumping tanks 15a, 15a are also sequentially above that. It is pumped up from the lower branch pumping tank 15a through the supply rope 15b arranged between them, and finally pumped up to the uppermost branch pumping tank 15a.

  As described above, the pumping of the transpiration water by the replenishment ropes 15b, 15b... Is due to capillary action and does not use any power.

  The transpiration water thus pumped into the uppermost branch pumping tank 15a of the pumping sections 15, 15 ... is then supplied to the base component 13c of the plant-type transpiration section 13 through the water supply ropes 16, 16 ... Are further supplied to the corresponding green leaf portions 13a, 13a,... Through the trunk portions 13b, 13b, and are transpired from the surfaces of the green leaf portions 13a, 13a,.

  At this time, since the water supply ropes 16, 16... Have a capillary structure having a nonwoven fabric as a main component, without using any power, the water supply ropes 16, 16... Can supply water. The base portion constituting material 13c and the trunk portions 13b, 13b... Are also made of a non-woven fabric and have a capillary structure.

  In addition, the green leaf portions 13a, 13a ... of the plant-type transpiration portions 13, 13 ... are formed of green non-woven fabrics as described above, and the water supply ropes 16, 16 ..., the base component material The transpiration water received through 13c and the trunks 13b, 13b... Can be uniformly moved to the surface which is the transpiration surface, and can be efficiently evaporated from the entire surface. Therefore, the temperature below and around the shelter structure 11 constituting the bus stop can be efficiently reduced.

  In this embodiment, the water supply ropes 16, 16,..., The replenishment rope 15b and the plant-type transpiration unit 13 have been subjected to antibacterial treatment as described above, so that they are not clogged even after long-term use. . For this reason, the water supply effect and the transpiration effect due to clogging are not easily reduced.

(a) is a schematic perspective view of the environmental temperature reduction device of Example 1 in which the transpiration portion is configured in a wall shape, (b) is a side explanatory view showing the mounting state of the column member of Example 1 on the building wall surface, (c) ) Is a side cross-sectional explanatory view of the storage tank of Example 1, (d) is a side cross-sectional explanatory view of the replenishment tank of Example 1, and (e) is a unit plate member and water supply constituting the wall-type transpiration unit of Example 1. An explanatory view showing a connection state with a rope, (f) is a partially cutaway cross-sectional explanatory view of a water supply rope of Example 1. FIG. (a) is a schematic perspective view of the environmental temperature reduction device of Example 1 with the unit plate member of the transpiration unit removed and the water supply rope cut away, and (b) is the column member of Example 1 attached to the building wall. Side surface explanatory drawing which shows the state which has arrange | positioned the support frame and the wire frame, (c) is a partially notched front view which shows the state which has arrange | positioned the support frame and the wire frame to the support | pillar member of Example 1 attached to the building wall surface. d) Explanatory drawing which shows the connection state of the unit board member which comprises the wall type transpiration | evaporation part of Example 1, and a wire frame. (a) is a schematic perspective view of the environmental temperature reduction device of Example 2 in which the plant-type transpiration unit is arranged on the beam of the shelter structure and the pedestal inside the eaves beam, and (b) is the plant-type transpiration unit of Example 2. Explanatory drawing, (c) is a plan explanatory view of a pedestal on which a plant-type transpiration unit constructed inside the beam and eaves beam of the shelter structure of Example 2 is placed, Cross-sectional explanatory drawing, (e) is a partially cutaway cross-sectional explanatory view of a water supply rope of Example 2.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Building 2 Wall surface 3 Wall type evaporation part 3a Unit board member 3a1 Hook 3b Opening part 4 Supporting member 4a Support frame 4b Mounting metal fitting 4c Wire frame 4c1 Horizontal wire member 4c2 Vertical wire member 5 Storage tank 5a Branch tank 5b Replenishment Tank 5c Float switch 5d Supply rope 6 Water supply rope (water supply means)
6a Branch rope 6b Non-woven fabric core part 6c Covering material 7 Rain gutter (means for collecting rainwater)
8 Introduction piping 11 Shelter structure 11a Roof portion 12a Beam 12b Eaves girder 12c Shelf 13 Plant-type transpiration portion 13a Green leaf portion 13b Trunk portion 13c Base component 14 Strut member 15 Pumping portion 15a Branch pumping tank 15b Supply rope 16 Water supply rope 16 (Water supply means)
16a Non-woven fabric core part 16b Coating material 17 Rain gutter (means for collecting rainwater)
18 Water pipe 19 Storage tank

Claims (7)

  An environmental temperature reduction device comprising a transpiration section having a transpiration surface for transpiration of water, and a water supply means constructed in a capillary structure for supplying transpiration water to the transpiration section.   The environmental temperature reduction device according to claim 1, wherein the water supply means is connected to a storage tank that stores rainwater collected by the rainwater collection means as water for transpiration.   The environmental temperature reduction device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the transpiration portion is composed of a porous member having continuous pores.   The environmental temperature reduction device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the capillary structure and the transpiration portion of the water supply means are treated to prevent clogging by microorganisms. The storage tank is composed of a plurality of branch tanks arranged in the height direction, and the overflow water of the branch tank in the high place is sequentially supplied to the lower branch tank and stored.
The water supply means comprises a number of branch water supply means corresponding to the branch tanks of the storage tank,
The environmental temperature reduction device according to claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein said branch water supply means is connected to each branch tank so that water is supplied to a portion within the corresponding height range of said transpiration unit. .   The environmental temperature reduction device according to claim 5, wherein the rainwater collecting means is connected to an uppermost branch tank of the storage tank.   The ceiling of an outdoor shelter type shelter, the outer wall cover member that covers the outer wall of the building, the vine plant type member, the dendritic plant type member or the Yoshizu type member as the transpiration unit, 3, 4, 5 or 6 environmental temperature reduction device.

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