JP4531533B2 - 酸化窒素トラップの脱硫および粒子フィルタの再生を目的とする方法および装置 - Google Patents
酸化窒素トラップの脱硫および粒子フィルタの再生を目的とする方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4531533B2 JP4531533B2 JP2004339126A JP2004339126A JP4531533B2 JP 4531533 B2 JP4531533 B2 JP 4531533B2 JP 2004339126 A JP2004339126 A JP 2004339126A JP 2004339126 A JP2004339126 A JP 2004339126A JP 4531533 B2 JP4531533 B2 JP 4531533B2
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
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- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
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- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
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- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
- F02D41/028—Desulfurisation of NOx traps or adsorbent
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- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
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- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
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- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
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Description
この文献において、内燃機関は、粒子フィルタの上流に配置したNOxトラップを有する排ガス清浄化系を備えている。記載された方法によって、この粒子フィルタの汚れ状態、または閉塞率を絶えず監視し、この閉塞率が、あるしきい値を超えていると直ちに、粒子フィルタ再生操作を開始する。これらの再生操作の間、このトラップの硫黄による飽和の状態、または飽和率を調べ、この率が所定値に達していれば、再生操作の終りにNOxトラップの脱硫操作を開始する。この反対の場合、フィルタ再生操作だけを実施し、トラップは排気ガス中に含有される硫黄を蓄積し続ける。
− トラップの飽和率およびフィルタの閉塞率を評価し、
− その率の1つがしきい値に到達すると直ぐに、排気ガスの燃料/空気比を、それを1に到達しないように上昇させ、次いで
− 粒子フィルタの再生と連係させてトラップの脱硫を実施する
ことを特徴とする方法に関する。
トラップの脱硫は、濃排気ガス混合気を使って実施することができる。
フィルタの再生は、希薄排気ガス混合気を使って実施することができる。
トラップの脱硫中、希薄および濃排気ガス混合気の入れ替えを行うことができる。
触媒素子を通し、前記ガスを通過させることにより、排気ガスの温度を上昇させ、また排気ガスの酸素濃度を低下させることができる。
排気ガスの酸素含量を制御することにより、粒子フィルタ再生温度を調節することができる。
排気ガスの燃料/空気比が1未満である期間と、その燃料/空気比が1を超える期間とを入れ替えさせることにより、酸素含量を制御することができる。
この制御手段は、排気ガスの温度を上昇させかつ酸素含量を減少させるための、トラップの上流に配置された触媒素子を備えることができる。
この制御手段は、排気ガスを加熱するための電気素子を備えることができる。
この制御手段は、粒子フィルタのための調節手段を備えることができる。
この調節手段は、排気ガスの燃料/空気比を1前後の比に変動させるための手段を含むことができる。
この燃料/空気比の上昇により排気ガスの温度を上げることが可能になり、それにより、粒子フィルタの再生を開始するために、排気ガスは450℃に近い温度に到達する。数10秒後、時間t2において、例えば、燃焼室14における他の遅延噴射によって、約1.1まで値1を超えるようにガスの燃料/空気比をさらに上昇させる。この第2の燃料/空気比の上昇により、約600℃までガスの温度を上げることが可能になる。この燃料/空気比は何分間か、一般に10分と15分の間、維持し、時間t3において終了する。この時間t3において、トラップ22の脱硫が行われ、このトラップからくる排気ガスの温度は、フィルタ内に存在するすす粒子の燃焼によって、フィルタ再生操作を終らせるのに十分な温度となる。その上、フィルタを通って流れている、脱硫向けに発生させた高温の排気ガスのために、これらの粒子から、水および吸収された炭化水素などのSOFと呼ばれるそれらの不純物が大部分なくなり、また、壁に近い素子を含むフィルタ全体が、再生に有利な温度に到達している。これにより、通常の再生に関するフィルタの再生がますます促進され、フィルタ全体にわたって再生が完全に行われることを保証することが可能になる。
12 シリンダ
14 燃焼室
16 燃料供給手段
18 燃焼ガス排気手段
20 排気ライン
22 触媒、NOxトラップ、酸化窒素トラップ
24 粒子フィルタ
26 過給装置、ターボ圧縮機
28 酸化触媒
30 排気ガス温度検出器、上流検出器
32 排気ガス温度検出器、下流検出器
34 比例燃料/空気比プローブ
36 排気ガス圧力検出器、上流検出器
36’ 排気ガス圧力検出器、上流検出器
38 排気ガス圧力検出器、下流検出器
40 ライン
42 制御ユニット
44 二方向性ライン
46 NOxプローブ
Claims (16)
- 内燃機関の排気ガスを処理するために排気ライン内に配置している酸化窒素トラップの脱硫および粒子フィルタの再生のための方法であって、
前記トラップの飽和率および前記フィルタの閉塞率を評価すること、
前記トラップの飽和率がしきい値に到達すると直ぐに、前記排気ガスの燃料/空気比を、それを1に到達しないように上昇させることによって、粒子フィルタの再生を開始すること、次いで、
前記排気ガスの燃料/空気比を1を超える値に増加させることによって、および、前記トラップの脱硫の間、排気ガスの希薄混合気期間および濃混合気期間の入れ替えによって、前記トラップの脱硫を実施すること
を含む方法。 - 前記トラップの脱硫の終りに前記粒子フィルタの再生を終わらせることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 触媒素子を通して前記排気ガスを通過させることにより、前記排気ガスの温度を上昇させ且つ前記排気ガスの酸素濃度を低下させることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記排気ライン内に配置した電気素子により前記排気ガスを加熱することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 内燃機関の排気ガスを処理するために排気ライン内に配置している酸化窒素トラップの脱硫および粒子フィルタの再生のための方法であって、
前記トラップの飽和率および前記フィルタの閉塞率を評価すること、
前記トラップの飽和率がしきい値に到達すると直ぐに、前記排気ガスの燃料/空気比を、それを1に到達しないように上昇させることによって、粒子フィルタの再生を開始すること、次いで、
前記排気ガスの燃料/空気比を1を超える値に増加させることによって、および、前記トラップの脱硫の間、排気ガスの希薄混合気期間および濃混合気期間の入れ替えによって、前記トラップの脱硫を実施すること、および、
前記排気ガスの酸素含量を制御することにより、前記粒子フィルタの再生温度を調節することを特徴とする方法。 - 前記排気ガスの燃料/空気比が1未満である期間と、前記燃料/空気比が1を超える期間とを入れ替えさせることにより、前記酸素含量を制御することを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 内燃機関の排気ライン内に配置している酸化窒素トラップの脱硫および粒子フィルタの再生のための装置であって、前記トラップの飽和率および前記フィルタの閉塞率を評価する制御ユニットを備え、前記トラップの飽和率がしきい値に到達すると直ぐに、それぞれのトラップの脱硫をそれぞれのフィルタの再生と連係するための、および、前記脱硫の前に、前記粒子フィルタの再生を開始するために排気ガスが燃料/空気比1に到達しないように前記排気ガスの燃料/空気比を上昇させ、次いで前記排気ガスの燃料/空気比を1を超える値に増加させて前記トラップの脱硫を行い、そして、トラップの脱硫の間、排気ガスの希薄混合気期間および濃混合気期間の入れ替えを行うための制御手段を備えることを特徴とする装置。
- 前記制御手段が、濃もしくは希薄排気ガス混合気を生成させるための燃焼制御手段を備えることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の装置。
- 前記排気ガスの温度を上昇させかつ酸素含量を減少させるための、前記トラップの上流に配置された触媒素子を備えることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の装置。
- 前記排気ガスを加熱するための電気素子を備えることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の装置。
- 前記粒子フィルタの温度を調節するための手段を備えることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の装置。
- 少なくとも一つのシリンダ;
前記少なくとも一つのシリンダのための燃料供給手段;
前記少なくとも一つのシリンダのための空気入口;
前記少なくとも一つのシリンダに接続された排気ライン;
前記排気ラインに配置された酸化窒素トラップおよび粒子フィルタ;および
前記酸化窒素トラップの脱硫および前記粒子フィルタの再生のための、請求項7記載の装置
を含むディーゼルエンジン。 - 前記内燃機関がディーゼルエンジンである請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記内燃機関がディーゼルエンジンである請求項5記載の方法。
- 前記フィルタの閉塞率がしきい値に到達すると直ぐに前記粒子フィルタの再生を開始すること、ならびに、前記排気ガスの燃料/空気比を1を超える値に増加させることによって、および、前記トラップの脱硫の間、排気ガスの希薄混合気期間および濃混合気期間の入れ替えによって、前記トラップの脱硫を実施すること、をさらに含む請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記フィルタの閉塞率がしきい値に到達すると直ぐに前記粒子フィルタの再生を開始すること、ならびに、前記排気ガスの燃料/空気比を1を超える値に増加させることによって、および、前記トラップの脱硫の間、排気ガスの希薄混合気期間および濃混合気期間の入れ替えによって、前記トラップの脱硫を実施すること、をさらに含む請求項5記載の方法。
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FR0313832A FR2862708B1 (fr) | 2003-11-24 | 2003-11-24 | Procede et dispositif de desulfatation d'un piege a oxydes nitriques et de regeneration d'un filtre a particules |
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ATE347026T1 (de) | 2006-12-15 |
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DE602004003456T2 (de) | 2007-09-20 |
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DE602004003456D1 (de) | 2007-01-11 |
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