JP4481007B2 - アルカリ電池 - Google Patents
アルカリ電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4481007B2 JP4481007B2 JP2003546417A JP2003546417A JP4481007B2 JP 4481007 B2 JP4481007 B2 JP 4481007B2 JP 2003546417 A JP2003546417 A JP 2003546417A JP 2003546417 A JP2003546417 A JP 2003546417A JP 4481007 B2 JP4481007 B2 JP 4481007B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- cathode
- active material
- mno
- cathode active
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 45
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 33
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- -1 phosphate ester Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 8
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910008163 Li1+x Mn2-x O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYLNVJYYQQXNEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-amino-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(CN)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 JYLNVJYYQQXNEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005630 Li1.05Mn1.95O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003174 MnOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].OOO Chemical compound [Ni].OOO OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium nitrate Inorganic materials [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- KQFUCKFHODLIAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Mn] KQFUCKFHODLIAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000483 nickel oxide hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005385 peroxodisulfate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001144 powder X-ray diffraction data Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960001922 sodium perborate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OB=O YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- SZKTYYIADWRVSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[Mn++].[Zn++] SZKTYYIADWRVSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
-
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/06—Electrodes for primary cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/244—Zinc electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/502—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese for non-aqueous cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/04—Cells with aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/06—Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid
- H01M6/08—Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid with cup-shaped electrodes
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/023—Gel electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0014—Alkaline electrolytes
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
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Description
1.蒸留水または脱イオン水中で前駆体スピネル粉末を攪拌してそのスラリーを形成し、約10℃から50℃、好ましくは約15℃から30℃に調整する工程と;
2.このスラリーに、たとえば硫酸、硝酸、塩酸、過塩素酸、トルエンスルホン酸、あるいはトリフルオロメチルスルホン酸のような酸の水溶液を添加して、スラリーのpHが典型的には約2より低く、約1より低く、あるいは約0.7より低く、ただし約0.5より高い値に安定し、pHがこの値で少なくとも0.75時間保持するまで、スラリー温度を一定に維持するように、ある速度で一定に攪拌する工程(任意選択的に攪拌をさらに24時間まで続けることもできる)と;
3.こうしてできた固体生成物を、たとえば吸引ろ過、圧力ろ過、あるいは遠心分離などで上澄み液から分離させ、洗浄液が中性pH(例、約6から7)になるまで、一定量の蒸留水または脱イオン水にて洗浄する工程と;
4.固体生成物を、4から24時間、30℃から120℃、あるいは50℃から90℃、または60℃から70℃で、真空乾燥する工程とを含むことができる。
式1
2LiMn+3Mn + O4 + 4H+ → 3λ-Mn+4O2 + Mn+2 + 2Li+ + 2H2O
式2
Li1+xMn2-xO4 → Li3x[Mn4+ 1.5+0.5xLix]O3+3x → H3x[Mn4+ 1.5+0.5xLix]O3+3x
ただし0.02<x<0.33
乾燥λ-MnO2粉末のサンプルを次のようにして調製した。
EMD(Kerr-McGeeのTronaD)粉末を、天然黒鉛(Nacionale de GrafiteのMP-0702X)と、38%KOH電解液とに、60:35:5の重量比で、乳鉢と乳棒とを用いて手作業で配合した。こうしてできた約0.5gのカソード混合材料を、635型アルカリボタン電池のカソード缶底部のカソードディスク内に、圧縮加工した。そして、実施例1と同様にして、ボタン電池組み立てを行った。組み立てたばかりの電池の開回路電圧が測定され表2に示されている。この電池は、比較例C1a、C1b、およびC1cにおいて、3mA、6mA、および30mAの定電流放電が行われ、これらは放電レートC/30、C/15、およびC/3に相当する。このような電池のそれぞれの上記定電流放電で得られる、終止電圧1Vおよび0.8Vまでの重量比放電容量もまた、表2に示されている。このボタン電池の、C/30レートおよびC/15レートの放電で得られる、終止電圧0.8Vまでの重量比放電容量は、282mAh/gおよび266mAh/gであった。さらにC/3レートの放電の場合、このボタン電池で得られる、0.8Vの終止電圧までの重量比放電容量は、215mAh/gとかなり低かった。
乾燥λ-MnO2粉末のサンプルを、実施例1と同様に、ただしスピネルBの代わりにスピネルA(Kerr-McGee Grade LMO-210)から調製した。このλ-MnO2粉末を、天然黒鉛(Nacionale de GrafiteのMP-0702X)と、38%KOH電解液とに、60:35:5の重量比で、乳鉢と乳棒とを用いて手動で、もしくは高速実験用のミキサーミル(例、Waringミキサー)を用いて機械的に、配合した。
実施例1と同様にして、乾燥λ-MnO2粉末のサンプルを調製した。このλ-MnO2粉末を、天然黒鉛(Nacionale de GrafiteのMP-0702X)と、38%KOH電解液とに、87:8:5の重量比で、高速実験用のミキサーミル(例、Waringミキサー)を用いて配合した。
実施例1と同様にして、乾燥λ-MnO2粉末のサンプルを調製した。このλ-MnO2粉末を、天然黒鉛(Nacionale de GrafiteのMP-0702X)と膨張黒鉛(TimcalのEBNB-90)とを1:1の重量比で含有する混和剤と、38%KOH電解液とに、すべての成分がそれぞれ87:4:4:5の重量比で、高速実験用のミキサーミル(例、Waringミキサー)を用いて配合した。
EMD(Kerr-McGeeのTronaD)粉末を、天然黒鉛(Nacionale de GrafiteのMP-0702X)と膨張黒鉛(TimcalのEBNB-90)とを1:1の重量比で含有する混和剤と、38%KOH電解液とに、すべての成分がそれぞれ87:4:4:5の重量比で、高速実験用のミキサーミル(例、Waringミキサー)を用いて配合した。
Claims (11)
- マンガン酸リチウムスピネルB前駆体から調製されたラムダ-二酸化マンガンを含有するカソード活物質を含むカソードと;
亜鉛を含むアノードと;
アノードとカソードとの間のセパレーターと;
アノードとカソードとに接触するアルカリ電解液とを備えるアルカリ電池であって:
前記カソード活物質が、20mA/gのカソード活物質比電流値の放電レートで、0.8Vの終止電圧まで、290mAh/gより大きな特定放電容量を有し、
前記ラムダ-二酸化マンガンが8m 2 /gより大きいB.E.T.比表面積を有する
ことを特徴とするアルカリ電池。 - 前記カソード活物質が、20mA/gのカソード活物質比電流値の放電レートで、0.8Vの終止電圧まで、300mAh/gより大きな特定放電容量を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の電池。
- 前記カソード活物質が、20mA/gのカソード活物質比電流値の放電レートで、0.8Vの終止電圧まで、310mAh/gより大きな特定放電容量を有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至2のいずれか一項に記載の電池。
- ラムダ-二酸化マンガンがグラムあたり0.05から0.15立方センチメートルの全細孔容積を有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の電池。
- ラムダ-二酸化マンガンを含有するカソード活物質を含む正極を提供する工程と;
この正極と亜鉛極とを備える電池を形成する工程とを含むアルカリ電池の製造法であって:
前記ラムダ-二酸化マンガンは、
化学式、Li1+xMn2-xO4、ただしxは−0.02から+0.02を有するとともに1から10m 2 /gのB.E.T.比表面積を有するスピネルBの化合物と水とを接触させる工程と;
この水と化合物とに、水が1またはそれより小さいpHを有するまで、酸を添加する工程と;
この水と酸とから固体を分離させる工程と;
この固体を120℃またはそれより低い温度で乾燥させて、ラムダ-二酸化マンガンを得る工程とによって調整される
ことを特徴とする製造方法。 - 前記固体が約100℃より低い温度で乾燥される
ことを特徴とする請求項5記載の方法。 - 前記固体が50℃から70℃の温度で乾燥される
ことを特徴とする請求項6記載の方法。 - 前記xが−0.005から+0.005である
ことを特徴とする請求項5乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 化合物と水とを接触させる前記工程が、スラリー形成を含む
ことを特徴とする請求項5乃至8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記スラリーが50℃より低い温度で維持されることを特徴とする請求項9記載の方法。
- 酸濃度が1から8モル濃度であることを特徴とする請求項5乃至10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/988,297 US6783893B2 (en) | 2001-11-19 | 2001-11-19 | Alkaline battery |
| PCT/US2002/036938 WO2003044879A2 (en) | 2001-11-19 | 2002-11-15 | Zinc-alkaline battery containing lambda-mn02 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2005510037A JP2005510037A (ja) | 2005-04-14 |
| JP4481007B2 true JP4481007B2 (ja) | 2010-06-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| JP2003546417A Expired - Lifetime JP4481007B2 (ja) | 2001-11-19 | 2002-11-15 | アルカリ電池 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6783893B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1446848B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4481007B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1331255C (ja) |
| AR (1) | AR037382A1 (ja) |
| AT (1) | ATE340415T1 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2002366160A1 (ja) |
| BR (1) | BR0214052B1 (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE60214880T2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2003044879A2 (ja) |
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| US7045252B2 (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2006-05-16 | The Gillette Company | Alkaline battery including lambda-manganese dioxide |
| AR045347A1 (es) | 2003-08-08 | 2005-10-26 | Rovcal Inc | Celda alcalina de alta capacidad |
| AR047875A1 (es) | 2004-06-04 | 2006-03-01 | Rovcal Inc | Celdas alcalinas que presentan alta capacidad |
| US20060046135A1 (en) * | 2004-08-27 | 2006-03-02 | Weiwei Huang | Alkaline battery with MnO2/NiOOH active material |
| US8231988B2 (en) * | 2005-02-09 | 2012-07-31 | University Of Iowa Research Foundation | Batteries and battery components with magnetically modified manganese dioxide |
| US7771873B2 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2010-08-10 | Panasonic Corporation | Alkaline battery |
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| JP5235060B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-10 | 2013-07-10 | 日立マクセル株式会社 | アルカリ電池用正極およびアルカリ電池 |
| CA2720600C (en) * | 2008-04-07 | 2017-09-12 | Jay Whitacre | Sodium ion based aqueous electrolyte electrochemical secondary energy storage device |
| US8298706B2 (en) | 2010-03-12 | 2012-10-30 | The Gillette Company | Primary alkaline battery |
| US20110223477A1 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-15 | Nelson Jennifer A | Alkaline battery including lambda-manganese dioxide and method of making thereof |
| US20110219607A1 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-15 | Nanjundaswamy Kirakodu S | Cathode active materials and method of making thereof |
| US8303840B2 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2012-11-06 | The Gillette Company | Acid-treated manganese dioxide and methods of making thereof |
| US8652672B2 (en) | 2012-03-15 | 2014-02-18 | Aquion Energy, Inc. | Large format electrochemical energy storage device housing and module |
| US9570741B2 (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2017-02-14 | Duracell U.S. Operations, Inc. | Metal-doped nickel oxide active materials |
| US8703336B2 (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2014-04-22 | The Gillette Company | Metal-doped nickel oxide active materials |
| US9028564B2 (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2015-05-12 | The Gillette Company | Methods of making metal-doped nickel oxide active materials |
| CN102856529A (zh) * | 2012-09-14 | 2013-01-02 | 黄宣斐 | 一次性碱性电池的电极材料 |
| CN102867961A (zh) * | 2012-09-14 | 2013-01-09 | 黄宣斐 | 一次性碱性电池的电极材料 |
| CN103401030B (zh) * | 2013-07-09 | 2016-05-04 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 一种水系可充镁或锌离子电容电池 |
| US9793542B2 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2017-10-17 | Duracell U.S. Operations, Inc. | Beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide electrochemically active cathode material and a battery including said material |
| US10804536B2 (en) | 2017-02-13 | 2020-10-13 | Energizer Brands, Llc | Substituted lambda manganese dioxides in an alkaline electrochemical cell |
| EP3848330A1 (en) | 2017-05-09 | 2021-07-14 | Duracell U.S. Operations, Inc. | Battery including beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide electrochemically active cathode material |
| US10547059B2 (en) | 2018-02-21 | 2020-01-28 | Duracell U.S. Operations, Inc. | Sulfate and sulfonate based surfactants for alkaline battery anode |
| JP7712769B2 (ja) * | 2018-06-14 | 2025-07-24 | リサーチ ファウンデーション オブ ザ シティ ユニバーシティ オブ ニュー ヨーク | 高電圧イオン媒介型フロー/フローアシスト二酸化マンガン-亜鉛電池 |
| US11984594B2 (en) | 2020-01-23 | 2024-05-14 | Duracell U.S. Operations, Inc. | Oxidative delithiation of alkali nickel oxide |
| CN114388831B (zh) * | 2021-11-30 | 2024-03-01 | 福建南平南孚电池有限公司 | 一种碱性锌锰电池 |
| JP2025517896A (ja) | 2022-06-03 | 2025-06-12 | デュラセル、ユーエス、オペレーションズ、インコーポレーテッド | アルカリ電池アノードのためのリン酸塩系界面活性剤 |
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2001
- 2001-11-19 US US09/988,297 patent/US6783893B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2002
- 2002-11-14 AR ARP020104376A patent/AR037382A1/es unknown
- 2002-11-15 JP JP2003546417A patent/JP4481007B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-15 AT AT02803652T patent/ATE340415T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-11-15 BR BRPI0214052-7A patent/BR0214052B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-11-15 CN CNB028229681A patent/CN1331255C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-11-15 EP EP02803652A patent/EP1446848B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-15 AU AU2002366160A patent/AU2002366160A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-11-15 WO PCT/US2002/036938 patent/WO2003044879A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-11-15 DE DE60214880T patent/DE60214880T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR0214052B1 (pt) | 2011-05-31 |
| US6932846B2 (en) | 2005-08-23 |
| AU2002366160A8 (en) | 2003-06-10 |
| AR037382A1 (es) | 2004-11-03 |
| DE60214880T2 (de) | 2007-05-24 |
| WO2003044879A3 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
| CN1618138A (zh) | 2005-05-18 |
| US6783893B2 (en) | 2004-08-31 |
| ATE340415T1 (de) | 2006-10-15 |
| JP2005510037A (ja) | 2005-04-14 |
| BR0214052A (pt) | 2004-10-13 |
| US20030099881A1 (en) | 2003-05-29 |
| EP1446848A2 (en) | 2004-08-18 |
| CN1331255C (zh) | 2007-08-08 |
| DE60214880D1 (de) | 2006-11-02 |
| US20040175616A1 (en) | 2004-09-09 |
| AU2002366160A1 (en) | 2003-06-10 |
| WO2003044879A2 (en) | 2003-05-30 |
| EP1446848B1 (en) | 2006-09-20 |
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