JP4469924B2 - ピラゾール類似体 - Google Patents
ピラゾール類似体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4469924B2 JP4469924B2 JP2009538801A JP2009538801A JP4469924B2 JP 4469924 B2 JP4469924 B2 JP 4469924B2 JP 2009538801 A JP2009538801 A JP 2009538801A JP 2009538801 A JP2009538801 A JP 2009538801A JP 4469924 B2 JP4469924 B2 JP 4469924B2
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- 108060008037 tachykinin Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 201000004415 tendinitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZRKFYGHZFMAOKI-QMGMOQQFSA-N tgfbeta Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCSC)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZRKFYGHZFMAOKI-QMGMOQQFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001103 thalamus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960000278 theophylline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011285 therapeutic regimen Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001467 thiazolidinediones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
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- RZWIIPASKMUIAC-VQTJNVASSA-N thromboxane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[C@H]1OCCC[C@@H]1CCCCCCC RZWIIPASKMUIAC-VQTJNVASSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010043778 thyroiditis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960003087 tioguanine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LERNTVKEWCAPOY-DZZGSBJMSA-N tiotropium Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@H]2[N+]([C@H](C1)[C@@H]1[C@H]2O1)(C)C)C(=O)C(O)(C=1SC=CC=1)C1=CC=CS1 LERNTVKEWCAPOY-DZZGSBJMSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229930003802 tocotrienol Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019148 tocotrienols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UCFGDBYHRUNTLO-QHCPKHFHSA-N topotecan Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(CN(C)C)=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 UCFGDBYHRUNTLO-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000303 topotecan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000006397 traumatic glaucoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011269 treatment regimen Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940074410 trehalose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CPKHFNMJTBLKLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tri(propan-2-yl)-sulfanylsilane Chemical compound CC(C)[Si](S)(C(C)C)C(C)C CPKHFNMJTBLKLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002117 triamcinolone acetonide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YNDXUCZADRHECN-JNQJZLCISA-N triamcinolone acetonide Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O YNDXUCZADRHECN-JNQJZLCISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010044652 trigeminal neuralgia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960004824 triptorelin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000001072 type 2 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940121358 tyrosine kinase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004917 tyrosine kinase inhibitor derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000009852 uremia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000005112 urinary bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960005356 urokinase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006216 vaginal suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005526 vasoconstrictor agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- IQDSXWRQCKDBMW-NSFJATOBSA-N vintriptol Chemical compound C([C@@H](C[C@@](O)(CC)C1)C[C@@]2(C3=C(OC)C=C4N(C)[C@H]5[C@@]([C@@H]([C@]6(CC)C=CCN7CC[C@]5([C@H]67)C4=C3)O)(O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=3C4=CC=CC=C4NC=3)C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OC)N1CCC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 IQDSXWRQCKDBMW-NSFJATOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950003415 vintriptol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950005839 vinzolidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940011671 vitamin b6 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000030401 vitamin deficiency disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- SASUFNRGCZMRFD-WVKTXKMSSA-N withanolide Chemical compound C1C(C)=C(C)C(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@](C)(O)[C@@H]1[C@@]2(C)CC[C@@H]3[C@@]4(C)C(=O)C=C[C@H](O)[C@@]54O[C@@H]5C[C@H]3[C@@H]2CC1 SASUFNRGCZMRFD-WVKTXKMSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020138 yakult Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000523 zalcitabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960000641 zorubicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FBTUMDXHSRTGRV-ALTNURHMSA-N zorubicin Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(\C)=N\NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 FBTUMDXHSRTGRV-ALTNURHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002517 zygapophyseal joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/415—1,2-Diazoles
- A61K31/4155—1,2-Diazoles non condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
- A61P11/02—Nasal agents, e.g. decongestants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
- A61P11/06—Antiasthmatics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
- A61P11/08—Bronchodilators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D309/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings
- C07D309/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D309/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Description
・ あらゆるタイプ、病因、または病原の喘息、特に、アトピー性喘息、非アトピー性喘息、アレルギー性喘息、アトピー性気管支IgE仲介性喘息、気管支喘息、本態性喘息、真正喘息、病態生理学的かく乱により引き起こされる内因性喘息、環境要因により引き起こされる外因性喘息、知られていないかまたは明らかでない原因の本態性喘息、非アトピー性喘息、気管支炎様喘息、気腫性喘息、運動誘発性喘息、アレルゲン誘発性喘息、冷気誘発性喘息、職業喘息、細菌、真菌、原虫、またはウイルス感染症により引き起こされる感染型喘息、非アレルギー性喘息、初発性喘息、喘鳴乳児症候群および細気管支炎からなる群から選択されるメンバーである喘息、
・ 慢性または急性気管支収縮、慢性気管支炎、末梢気道閉塞、および気腫、
・ あらゆるタイプ、病因または病原の閉塞性または炎症性の気道疾患、特に、慢性好酸球性肺炎、慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD)、慢性気管支炎を包含するCOPD、COPDを伴うかまたは伴わない肺気腫または呼吸困難、不可逆的進行性気道閉塞を特徴とするCOPD、成人呼吸窮迫症候群(ARDS)、他の薬物療法の結果として生じる気道過敏性の悪化および肺高血圧症を伴う気道疾患からなる群から選択されるメンバーである閉塞性または炎症性の気道疾患、
・ あらゆるタイプ、病因または病原の気管支炎、特に、急性気管支炎、急性喉頭気管気管支炎、アラキン酸気管支炎、カタル性気管支炎、クループ性気管支炎、乾性気管支炎、感染性喘息性気管支炎、湿咳性気管支炎、ブドウ球菌性または連鎖球菌性の気管支炎および肺胞性気管支炎からなる群から選択されるメンバーである気管支炎、
・ 急性肺傷害、
・ あらゆるタイプ、病因または病原の気管支拡張症、特に、円柱状気管支拡張症、嚢状気管支拡張症、紡錘状気管支拡張症、毛細管性気管支拡張症、嚢胞状気管支拡張症、乾性気管支拡張症および濾胞性気管支拡張症からなる群から選択されるメンバーである気管支拡張症
からなる群から選択される疾患、障害、および状態を、そのような治療を必要としている対象において治療する方法であって、前記対象に、式(Ia)もしくは(Ib)の化合物または薬学的に許容できるその塩および溶媒和物を投与することを含む方法を対象とする。
・ あらゆるタイプ、病因、または病原の喘息、特に、アトピー性喘息、非アトピー性喘息、アレルギー性喘息、アトピー性気管支IgE仲介性喘息、気管支喘息、本態性喘息、真正喘息、病態生理学的かく乱により引き起こされる内因性喘息、環境要因により引き起こされる外因性喘息、知られていないかまたは明らかでない原因の本態性喘息、非アトピー性喘息、気管支炎様喘息、気腫性喘息、運動誘発性喘息、アレルゲン誘発性喘息、冷気誘発性喘息、職業喘息、細菌、真菌、原虫、またはウイルス感染症により引き起こされる感染型喘息、非アレルギー性喘息、初発性喘息、喘鳴乳児症候群および細気管支炎からなる群から選択されるメンバーである喘息、
・ 慢性または急性気管支収縮、慢性気管支炎、末梢気道閉塞、および気腫、
・ あらゆるタイプ、病因または病原の閉塞性または炎症性の気道疾患、特に、慢性好酸球性肺炎、慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD)、慢性気管支炎を包含するCOPD、COPDを伴うかまたは伴わない肺気腫または呼吸困難、不可逆的進行性気道閉塞を特徴とするCOPD、成人呼吸窮迫症候群(ARDS)、他の薬物療法の結果として生じる気道過敏性の悪化および肺高血圧症を伴う気道疾患からなる群から選択されるメンバーである閉塞性または炎症性の気道疾患、
・ あらゆるタイプ、病因または病原の気管支炎、特に、急性気管支炎、急性喉頭気管気管支炎、アラキン酸気管支炎、カタル性気管支炎、クループ性気管支炎、乾性気管支炎、感染性喘息性気管支炎、湿咳性気管支炎、ブドウ球菌性または連鎖球菌性の気管支炎および肺胞性気管支炎からなる群から選択されるメンバーである気管支炎、
・ 急性肺傷害、
・ あらゆるタイプ、病因または病原の気管支拡張症、特に、円柱状気管支拡張症、嚢状気管支拡張症、紡錘状気管支拡張症、毛細管性気管支拡張症、嚢胞状気管支拡張症、乾性気管支拡張症および濾胞性気管支拡張症からなる群から選択されるメンバーである気管支拡張症
からなる群から選択される疾患、障害、および状態を治療するための医薬品の製造における、式(Ia)もしくは(Ib)の化合物または薬学的に許容できるその塩および溶媒和物の使用を対象とする。
適切な時間および温度にわたって、適当な塩基の存在下および適当な溶媒の存在下で、2,4−ジフルオロアセトフェノンを4−{3−[(トリイソプロピルシリル)チオ]フェニル}−テトラヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−カルボキサミドと、場合により、保護基を除去するための適当な追加の試薬と接触させて4−(3−{[3−フルオロ−4−(1−メチル−1H−ピラゾール−5−イル)フェニル]チオ}フェニル)−テトラヒドロ−2H−[ピラン−4−カルボキサミドを製造すること、
4−(3−{[3−フルオロ−4−(1−メチル−1H−ピラゾール−5−イル)フェニル]チオ}フェニル)テトラヒドロ−2H−[ピラン−4−カルボキサミドを、ピラゾール形成を容易にするための少なくとも1つの適当な試薬と接触させて式(Ia)の化合物を製造することを含む。
4−(3−ブロモフェニル)−テトラヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−カルボキサミドを、ピラゾール形成を容易にするための少なくとも1つの適当な試薬と接触させて式5−(4−ブロモフェニル)−1−メチル−1H−ピラゾールの化合物を製造すること、次いで
適当な触媒の存在下で5−(4−ブロモフェニル)−1−メチル−1H−ピラゾールを4−{3−[(トリイソプロピルシリル)チオ]フェニル}テトラヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−カルボキサミドの化合物と接触させて式(Ib)の化合物を形成することを含む。
(i)メチル基のヒドロキシメチル誘導体(−CH3→−CH2OH)、
(ii)三級アミノ基の二級アミノ誘導体(−NR1R2→−NHR1または−NHR2)、
(iii)フェニル部分のフェノール誘導体(−Ph→−PhOH)、および
(iv)アミド基のカルボン酸誘導体(−CONH2→−COOH)を包含する。
(i)式(Ia)の化合物または式(Ib)の化合物を望ましい酸と反応させることにより、
(ii)式(Ia)または(Ib)の化合物の適当な前駆体から酸または塩基に不安定な保護基を除去することにより、
(iii)適切な酸もしくは塩基との反応により、または適当なイオン交換カラムを用いて、式(Ia)の化合物または式(Ib)の化合物のある塩を別の塩に変換することにより調製することができる。
・ あらゆるタイプ、病因、または病原の喘息、特に、アトピー性喘息、非アトピー性喘息、アレルギー性喘息、アトピー性気管支IgE仲介性喘息、気管支喘息、本態性喘息、真正喘息、病態生理学的かく乱により引き起こされる内因性喘息、環境要因により引き起こされる外因性喘息、知られていないかまたは明らかでない原因の本態性喘息、非アトピー性喘息、気管支炎様喘息、気腫性喘息、運動誘発性喘息、アレルゲン誘発性喘息、冷気誘発性喘息、職業喘息、細菌、真菌、原虫、またはウイルス感染症により引き起こされる感染型喘息、非アレルギー性喘息、初発性喘息、喘鳴乳児症候群および細気管支炎からなる群から選択されるメンバーである喘息、
・ 慢性または急性気管支収縮、慢性気管支炎、末梢気道閉塞、および気腫、
・ あらゆるタイプ、病因または病原の閉塞性または炎症性の気道疾患、特に、慢性好酸球性肺炎、慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD)、慢性気管支炎を包含するCOPD、COPDを伴うかまたは伴わない肺気腫または呼吸困難、不可逆的進行性気道閉塞を特徴とするCOPD、成人呼吸窮迫症候群(ARDS)、他の薬物療法の結果として生じる気道過敏性の悪化および肺高血圧症を伴う気道疾患からなる群から選択されるメンバーである閉塞性または炎症性の気道疾患、
・ あらゆるタイプ、病因または病原の気管支炎、特に、急性気管支炎、急性喉頭気管気管支炎、アラキン酸気管支炎、カタル性気管支炎、クループ性気管支炎、乾性気管支炎、感染性喘息性気管支炎、湿咳性気管支炎、ブドウ球菌性または連鎖球菌性の気管支炎および肺胞性気管支炎からなる群から選択されるメンバーである気管支炎、
・ 急性肺傷害、
・ あらゆるタイプ、病因または病原の気管支拡張症、特に、円柱状気管支拡張症、嚢状気管支拡張症、紡錘状気管支拡張症、毛細管性気管支拡張症、嚢胞状気管支拡張症、乾性気管支拡張症および濾胞性気管支拡張症からなる群から選択されるメンバーである気管支拡張症
からなる群から選択される疾患、障害、および状態を包含する。
(a)喫煙誘発性(smoke−induced)気道炎症および炎症増強性咳嗽を包含するがこれらに限定されない炎症、
(b)関節リウマチ、脊椎関節症、全身性エリテマトーデス、関節炎、若年性関節炎、変形性関節炎、および痛風性関節炎などの関節炎、
(c)神経炎症、
(d)侵害受容性または神経障害性の疼痛などの疼痛(すなわち、鎮痛薬としての化合物の使用)、
(e)発熱(すなわち、解熱薬としての化合物の使用)、
(f)肺サルコイドーシス、および珪肺症、
(g)アテローム性動脈硬化症、心筋梗塞(心筋梗塞後徴候など)、血栓症、うっ血性心不全、心臓再潅流傷害、ならびに高血圧症および/または血管器官損傷などの心不全を伴う合併症などの心血管疾患、
(h)心筋症、
(i)虚血性および出血性の脳卒中などの脳卒中、
(j)脳虚血および心臓/冠状動脈バイパスに起因する虚血などの虚血または虚血誘発性心筋傷害、
(k)虚血後再潅流傷害を包含する再潅流傷害、
(l)腎再潅流傷害、
(m)脳浮腫または脳傷害、
(n)閉鎖性頭部傷害などの神経外傷および脳外傷、
(o)神経変性障害、
(p)アルツハイマー病、パーキンソン病、ハンチントン病、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、重症筋無力症、脊髄傷害、および末梢神経障害などの中枢神経系障害(これらは、例えば、炎症性またはアポトーシス性の成分を有する障害を包含する)、
(q)肝疾患、
(r)高コレステロール血症および脂質異常症、
(s)胃炎、胃静脈瘤、炎症性腸疾患、クローン病、胃炎、過敏性腸症候群、および潰瘍性大腸炎および胃潰瘍などの潰瘍性疾患を包含する胃腸状態、
(t)腎炎、
(u)網膜炎、網膜症(糖尿病性網膜症など)、ブドウ膜炎、眼の光恐怖症、非緑内障性視神経萎縮症、および加齢性黄斑変性症(ARMD)(萎縮型ARMDなど)などの眼疾患、
(v)角膜移植片拒絶、眼の新血管新生、網膜の新血管新生(傷害または感染症後の新血管新生など)および水晶体後方線維増殖症などの眼科疾患、
(w)原発性開放隅角緑内障(POAG)、若年発症原発性開放隅角緑内障、閉塞隅角緑内障、偽剥離性緑内障、前部虚血性視神経症(AION)、高眼圧症、ライガー(Reiger’s)症候群、正常眼圧緑内障、血管新生緑内障、眼の炎症、およびコルチコステロイド誘発性緑内障などの緑内障、
(x)外傷後緑内障、外傷性視神経症、および網膜中心動脈閉塞(CRAO)などの眼組織への急性傷害および眼外傷、
(y)I型糖尿病およびII型糖尿病を包含する糖尿病、
(z)糖尿病性腎症、
(aa)乾癬、湿疹、火傷、皮膚炎、ケロイド形成、瘢痕組織形成、強皮症および血管新生障害などの皮膚関連状態、
(bb)敗血症、敗血症性ショック、グラム陰性菌敗血症、マラリア、髄膜炎、日和見感染症、感染症または悪性疾患に続発する悪液質、後天性免疫不全症候群(AIDS)に続発する悪液質、AIDS、ARC(AIDS関連複合体)、肺炎、単純ヘルペス感染、ライノウイルス感染症、およびヘルペスウイルスなどのウイルスおよび細菌感染症、
(cc)感染症による筋肉痛、
(dd)インフルエンザ、
(ee)内毒素性ショック、
(ff)毒素性ショック症候群、
(gg)対宿主性移植片反応および同種移植片拒絶などの自己免疫疾患、
(hh)骨粗鬆症などの骨吸収疾患、
(ii)多発性硬化症、
(jj)子宮内膜症、月経痛、膣炎およびカンジダ症などの女性生殖系の障害、
(kk)血管腫(小児血管腫など)、鼻咽頭の血管線維腫、および骨の無血管性壊死などの病的であるが、非悪性の状態、
(mm)結腸直腸癌、脳腫瘍、骨癌、基底細胞癌などの上皮細胞由来の新形成(上皮性癌)、腺癌、口唇癌、口腔癌、食道癌、小腸癌および胃癌などの消化器癌、大腸癌、肝臓癌、膀胱癌、膵臓癌、卵巣癌、子宮頸癌、肺癌、乳癌、扁平上皮細胞癌および基底細胞癌などの皮膚癌、前立腺癌、腎細胞癌、ホジキン病、および全身で上皮細胞に影響を及ぼす他の知られている癌などの任意の種類の癌を包含する良性および悪性の腫瘍/新形成、
(nn)全身性エリテマトーデス(SLE)、
(oo)新形成を包含する血管新生、
(pp)転移、
(qq)線維性疾患、
(rr)出血、
(ss)血液凝固、
(tt)感染症および敗血症と共に、およびショック中に見られるもののような急性期応答(例えば、
(uu)敗血症性ショック、血行力学的ショックなど)、
(vv)拒食症、
(ww)マイコバクテリア感染症、
(xx)仮性狂犬病、
(yy)鼻気管炎、
(zz)HIV、
(aaa)サルコイドーシス、
(bbb)単純ヘルペスウイルス1型(HSV−1)、単純ヘルペスウイルス2型(HSV−2)を包含するヘルペスウイルス、
(ccc)サイトメガロウイルス(CMV)、
(ddd)水痘帯状疱疹ウイルス(VZV)、
(eee)エプスタイン−バーウイルス、
(fff)ヒトヘルペスウイルス−6(HHV−6)、
(ggg)ヒトヘルペスウイルス−7(HHV−7)、ヒトヘルペスウイルス−8(HHV−8)、
(hhh)筋形成、
(iii)ムチン過剰産生、および/または粘液過分泌、
(jjj)アレルギー性鼻炎を包含するアレルギー、
(kkk)組織破壊、
(lll)息切れ咳嗽などの徴候および症状、
(mmm)再生不良性貧血を包含する血液の障害、
(nnn)腰部脊椎関節炎および腰部脊椎関節炎を包含する脊椎関節症、
(ooo)男性生殖系の障害、
(ppp)片頭痛、洞性頭痛、および緊張性頭痛を包含する頭痛、
(qqq)歯痛、
(rrr)リウマチ熱、
(sss)結合組織の傷害または障害、
(ttt)肥満症、
(uuu)肺の障害および疾患(例えば、過酸素肺胞傷害)、
(vvv)腎結石、
(www)創傷治癒、
(xxx)軽傷、
(yyy)放射線損傷、
(zzz)滑液包炎、
(aaaa)血管疾患、
(bbbb)肺浮腫、
(cccc)結膜炎、
(dddd)腱炎、
(eeee)皮質認知症、
(ffff)歯肉炎、
(gggg)傷害後に起きる腫脹、
(hhhh)結節性動脈周囲炎、
(iiii)甲状腺炎、
(kkkk)多発性筋炎、
(llll)ベーチェット症候群、
(mmmm)腎炎症候群、ならびに
(nnnn)過敏症。
・ 筋肉痛、線維筋痛、脊椎炎、血清陰性の(非リウマチ性)関節症、非関節性リウマチ、ジストロフィン異常症、グリコーゲン分解、多発性筋炎および化膿性筋炎を包含する筋骨格障害に起因する疼痛、
・ アンギナ、心筋梗塞、僧帽弁狭窄症、心外膜炎、レイノー現象、浮腫性硬化症および骨格筋虚血により引き起こされる疼痛を包含する心臓および血管痛、
・ 片頭痛(前兆を伴う片頭痛および前兆を伴わない片頭痛を包含する)、群発性頭痛、緊張型頭痛、混合性頭痛および血管障害に伴う頭痛などの頭部痛、ならびに
・ 歯痛、耳痛、口腔灼熱症候群および顎関節筋筋膜疼痛を包含する口腔顔面疼痛を包含する。
・ あらゆるタイプ、病因、または病原の喘息、特に、アトピー性喘息、非アトピー性喘息、アレルギー性喘息、アトピー性気管支IgE仲介性喘息、気管支喘息、本態性喘息、真正喘息、病態生理学的かく乱により引き起こされる内因性喘息、環境要因により引き起こされる外因性喘息、知られていないかまたは明らかでない原因の本態性喘息、非アトピー性喘息、気管支炎様喘息、気腫性喘息、運動誘発性喘息、アレルゲン誘発性喘息、冷気誘発性喘息、職業喘息、細菌、真菌、原虫、またはウイルス感染症により引き起こされる感染型喘息、非アレルギー性喘息、初発性喘息、喘鳴乳児症候群および細気管支炎からなる群から選択されるメンバーである喘息、
・ 慢性または急性気管支収縮、慢性気管支炎、末梢気道閉塞、および気腫、
・ あらゆるタイプ、病因または病原の閉塞性または炎症性の気道疾患、特に、慢性好酸球性肺炎、慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD)、慢性気管支炎を包含するCOPD、COPDを伴うかまたは伴わない肺気腫または呼吸困難、不可逆的進行性気道閉塞を特徴とするCOPD、成人呼吸窮迫症候群(ARDS)、他の薬物療法の結果として生じる気道過敏性の悪化および肺高血圧症を伴う気道疾患からなる群から選択されるメンバーである閉塞性または炎症性の気道疾患、
・ あらゆるタイプ、病因または病原の気管支炎、特に、急性気管支炎、急性喉頭気管気管支炎、アラキン酸気管支炎、カタル性気管支炎、クループ性気管支炎、乾性気管支炎、感染性喘息性気管支炎、湿咳性気管支炎、ブドウ球菌性または連鎖球菌性の気管支炎および肺胞性気管支炎からなる群から選択されるメンバーである気管支炎、
・ 急性肺傷害、
・ あらゆるタイプ、病因または病原の気管支拡張症、特に、円柱状気管支拡張症、嚢状気管支拡張症、紡錘状気管支拡張症、毛細管性気管支拡張症、嚢胞状気管支拡張症、乾性気管支拡張症および濾胞性気管支拡張症からなる群から選択されるメンバーである気管支拡張症
からなる群から選択されるがこれらに限定されない疾患、障害、または状態の治療に有用な医薬品の製造における、式(Ia)もしくは(Ib)の化合物または薬学的に許容できるその塩および溶媒和物の使用である。
・ 治療を必要としている患者への(1種または複数の)本発明の化合物と(1種または複数の)治療薬のそのような組合せの同時投与であって、そのような構成成分が、前記患者に対して実質的に同じ時間に前記構成成分を放出する単一の剤形に一緒に製剤化されている場合の同時投与、
・ 治療を必要としている患者への(1種または複数の)本発明の化合物と(1種または複数の)治療薬のそのような組合せの実質的な同時投与であって、そのような構成成分が、前記患者により実質的に同じ時間に摂取される別々の剤形にお互いとは別に製剤化されており、前記構成成分が、前記患者に対して実質的に同じ時間に放出される場合の実質的な同時投与、
・ 治療を必要としている患者への(1種または複数の)本発明の化合物と(1種または複数の)治療薬のそのような組合せの順次投与であって、そのような構成成分が、各投与間の有意な時間間隔で前記患者により連続した時間に摂取される別々の剤形にお互いとは別に製剤化されており、前記構成成分が、前記患者に対して実質的に異なる時間に放出される場合の順次投与、および
・ 治療を必要としている患者への(1種または複数の)本発明の化合物と(1種または複数の)治療薬のそのような組合せの順次投与であって、そのような構成成分が、制御された方法で前記構成成分を放出する単一の剤形に一緒に製剤化されており、それらが、前記患者により同じおよび/または異なる時間に同時に、連続して、および/または重ねて投与される場合の順次投与であって、各部分を、同じ経路か異なる経路のどちらかにより投与することができる投与
を意味することを意図し、それらを指し、それらを包含する。
(a)5−リポキシゲナーゼ活性化タンパク質(FLAP)拮抗薬、
(b)LTB4、LTC4、LTD4、およびLTE4の拮抗薬を包含するロイコトリエン拮抗薬(LTRA)、
(c)H1およびH3拮抗薬を包含するヒスタミン受容体拮抗薬、
(d)充血除去薬としての使用のためのα1−およびα2−アドレナリン受容体作動薬血管収縮交感神経様作用薬、
(e)ムスカリンM3受容体拮抗薬または抗コリン薬、
(f)テオフィリンなどのPDE阻害薬、例えば、PDE3、PDE4およびPDE5阻害薬、
(g)クロモグリク酸ナトリウム、
(h)非選択的と選択的なCOX−1またはCOX−2阻害薬両方のCOX阻害薬(NSAIDなど)、
(i)グルココルチコステロイドまたはDAGR(コルチコイド受容体の解離性作動薬)、
(j)内因性炎症性物質に対して活性なモノクローナル抗体、
(k)長時間作用性β2作動薬を包含するβ2作動薬、
(l)インテグリン拮抗薬、
(m)VLA−4拮抗薬を包含する接着分子阻害薬、
(n)キニン−B1−およびB2−受容体拮抗薬、
(o)IgE経路の阻害薬を包含する免疫抑制薬、およびシクロスポリン、
(p)マトリックスメタロプロテアーゼ(MMP)、例えば、MMP9、およびMMP12の阻害薬、
(q)タキキニンNK1、NK2およびNK3受容体拮抗薬、
(r)プロテアーゼ阻害薬、例えば、エラスターゼ、
(s)アデノシンA2a受容体作動薬およびA2b拮抗薬、
(t)ウロキナーゼの阻害薬、
(u)ドーパミン受容体に作用する化合物、例えば、D2作動薬、
(v)NFκB経路のモジュレーター、例えば、IKK阻害薬、
(w)sykキナーゼ、JAKキナーゼ阻害薬、p38キナーゼ、EGF−RまたはMK−2などのサイトカインシグナル伝達経路のモジュレーター、
(x)粘液溶解薬または鎮咳薬として分類することができる薬剤、およびムコキネティクス(mucokinetics)、
(y)抗生物質、
(z)抗ウイルス薬、
(aa)ワクチン、
(bb)ケモカイン、
(cc)上皮ナトリウムチャンネル(ENaC)遮断薬または上皮ナトリウムチャンネル(ENaC)阻害薬、
(dd)P2Y2作動薬および他のヌクレオチド受容体作動薬、
(ee)トロンボキサンの阻害薬、
(ff)ナイアシン、
(gg)PGD2合成およびPGD2受容体(DP1およびDP2/CRTH2)の阻害薬、
(hh)VLAM、ICAM、およびELAMを包含する接着因子、
(ii)高コレステロール血症のためのスタチンまたは他の治療;コレステロールおよび脂質吸収阻害薬(例えば、ニコチン酸、ナイアシン、コレステロール輸送体)。
−190、ノコダゾール誘導体、ノルモサング(Normosang)、NCI NSC−145813、NCI NSC−361456、NCI NSC−604782、NCI NSC−95580、オクトレオチド、Ono ONO−112、オキザノシン(oquizanocine)、Akzo Org−10172、パンクラチスタチン(pancratistatin)、パゼリプチン、Warner−Lambert PD−111707、Warner−Lambert PD−115934、Warner−Lambert PD−131141、Pierre Fabre PE−1001、ICRTペプチドD、ピロキサントロン、ポリヘマトポルフィリン、ポリプレイン酸(polypreic acid)、Efamolポルフィリン、プロビマン(probimane)、プロカルバジン、プログルミド、InvitronプロテアーゼネキシンI、Tobishi RA−700、ラゾキサン、Sapporo Breweries RBS、レストリクチン(restrictin)−P、レテリプチン、レチノイン酸、Rhone−Poulenc RP−49532、Rhone−Poulenc RP−56976、SmithKline SK&F−104864、Sumitomo SM−108、Kuraray SMANCS、SeaPharm SP−10094、スパトール(spatol)、スピロシクロプロパン誘導体、スピロゲルマニウム、ユニメド(Unimed)、SS Pharmaceutical SS−554、ストリポルジノン(strypoldinone)、スチポルジオン(Stypoldione)、Suntory SUN 0237、Suntory SUN 2071、スーパオキシドジスムターゼ、Toyama T−506、Toyama T−680、タキソール、Teijin TEI−0303、テニポシド、サリブラスチン(thaliblastine)、Eastman Kodak TJB−29、トコトリエノール、トポスチン(Topostin)、Teijin TT−82、Kyowa Hakko UCN−01、Kyowa Hakko UCN−1028、ウクライン(ukrain)、Eastman Kodak USB−006、ビンブラスチンサルフェート、ビンクリスチン、ビンデシン、ビネストラミド(vinestramide)、ビノレルビン、ビントリプトール(vintriptol)、ビンゾリジン(vinzolidine)、ウィタノライド、Yamanouchi YM−534、ウログアニリン、コンブレタスタチン、ドラスタチン、イダルビシン、エピルビシン、エストラムスチン、シクロホスファミド、9−アミノ−2−(S)−カンプトテシン、トポテカン、イリノテカン(カンプトサール)、エキセメスタン、デカペプチル(トリプトレリン)、またはω−3脂肪酸などの追加の活性剤を、本発明の化合物と一緒に投与することができる。
本発明の別の実施形態において、式(Ia)または(Ib)の化合物を製造するためのプロセス、および以下の通りのステップを含むプロセスに関連する説明が提供される。
ステップ1:4−(3−ブロモフェニル)−テトラヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−カルボキサミドの調製
EP108114に記載されている手順により製造した4−(3−ブロモフェニル)テトラヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−カルボニトリル(1.05kg、3.95mol)を、約40時間にわたって室温にて98%H2SO4(3.00L)中で攪拌した。次いで、混合物を氷の上に注ぎ、極めて細かい懸濁液を濾過し、洗浄液のpHが中性になるまでH2Oで徹底的に洗浄した。白色の固体をヘキサンで洗浄し、次いで、35〜40℃にて真空中で乾燥すると、純度99.9%で生成物1119g(収率99.8%)が得られた。LC/MS:10分かけて5%〜100%CH3CN:H20〜0.01%TFAグラジエント:4.68分。(M+H)+。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO−d6)δ ppm 7.50〜7.49(m,1H)、7.43〜7.40(m,1H)、7.36〜7.30(m,1H)、7.27(d,J=7.92Hz,1H)7.06(s,1H)、5.00(brs,1H)3.71(dt,J=11.7,3.7Hz,2H)、3.42(t,J=10.7Hz,2H)、2.38(d,J=13.6Hz,2H)、1.75(td,J=12.2,4.3Hz,2H)。
代替法1
ステップ1で調製した4−(3−ブロモフェニル)−テトラヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−カルボキサミド(300g、1.06mol)、ナトリウムtert−ブトキシド(122g、1.27mol)、Pd(OAc)2(4.74g 0.0211mol)およびDIPPF(1,1−ビス(ジイソプロピルホスフィノ)フェロセン)(10.6g、0.0253mol)を、排気してN2を3回満たしたフラスコに入れた。無水ジオキサン(2.3L)を加え、混合物を1時間にわたって室温にて攪拌した。混合物にトリイソプロピルシランチオール(221g、1.16mol)を加え、得られた混合物を加熱還流した。還流を1時間後に止め、混合物を室温まで冷却した。次いで、混合物を酢酸エチル(7L)に注加し、次いで、H2O(2×4L)および食塩水(2L)で洗浄した。合わせた水性洗浄液を酢酸エチル(3L)で逆抽出し、次いで、H2O(2×2L)および食塩水(1L)で洗浄した。合わせた有機層をMgSO4で乾燥し、濾過し、濃縮乾固した。酢酸エチル(0.5L)を固体に加え、混合物を回転蒸発器上で攪拌すると、細かい懸濁液が得られた。次いで、ヘキサン(1.5L)を加え、懸濁液を1時間にわたって放置した。固体を濾過し、1:1酢酸エチル−ヘキサン(1L)、次いで、ヘキサンで洗浄した。得られた褐色の固体を真空中で乾燥すると、純度99%で生成物334g(収率80%)が得られた。第2クロップを濾液から取得し、前のように洗浄して乾燥すると、84%の総収率で追加の15gの生成物が得られた。LC/MS:10分かけて5%〜100%CH3CN:H20〜0.01%TFAグラジエント:9.35分。394.1(M+H)+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ ppm 7.52〜7.51(m,1H)7.42〜7.39(m,1H)、7.22〜7.21(m,2H)、5.35(brs,1H)、5.13(brs,1H)3.78〜3.75(m,4H)2.36〜2.32(m,2H)、2.06〜2.00(m,2H)、1.27〜1.16(m,3H)、1.05(d,J=7.25Hz,18H)。
代替法2
三つ口フラスコ(オーバーヘッドスターラー、窒素インレット、セラムキャップ)に窒素をパージする。ステップ1で調製した4−(3−ブロモフェニル)−テトラヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−カルボキサミド(10g、0.03519mol)を加える。ナトリウムt−ブトキシド(4.1g、0.04223mol)を加える。無水トルエンを加える。トルエンはできる限り乾燥していなければならず、KFによる水0.01%未満で十分である。攪拌を開始する。反応混合物を4回の真空/窒素パージサイクルでパージし、各サイクルについて30秒にわたって60torr真空を維持する。酸素が容器中に導入されないようにしながらチオール(9.1g、0.04223mol)を加える。75℃まで加熱する。PdCl2(ジフェニル−ホスフィノフェロセン)(0.258g、0.00035mol)を加える。最低限1時間にわたって加熱還流(反応温度約107℃)を続ける。混合物は、30分以内に還流に達しなければならない。
代替法1
4−ブロモアセトフェノン(10.60g、53.25mmol)およびN,N’−ジメチルホルムアミドジメチルアセタール(2.5当量)のN,N’−ジメチルホルムアミド(15mL)溶液を3時間にわたってセ氏125度にて加熱した。暗赤色の溶液を室温まで冷却した。揮発成分を回転蒸発により除去すると、赤色の粘稠な油が得られた。この物質に、無水N,N’−ジメチルホルムアミド(15mL)およびメチルヒドラジン(7.6g、160mmol、3当量)を加えた。混合物を1時間にわたって室温にて攪拌し、次いで、4時間にわたってセ氏75度にて加熱した。揮発成分を回転蒸発により除去し、粗残渣を少量の塩化メチレンに取った。この赤色の溶液を、シリカゲルのカートリッジに適用した。カートリッジを、それぞれ酢酸エチルとヘキサンの20:80混合物で溶出した。適切な分画を合わせ、濃縮すると、白色の固体12.5gが生成した。
1H NMR(400MHz,クロロホルム−d)δ ppm 3.87〜3.95(m,J=2.22Hz,3H)6.29〜6.36(m,1H)7.31(dd,J=8.36Hz,2H)7.52〜7.56(m,1H)7.62(dd,J=2.05Hz,2H)。
代替法2
4−ブロモアセトフェノン(20.0g;0.10mol)およびN,N’−ジメチルホルムアミドジメチルアセタール(28.5mL;0.20mol)をDMF(12mL)中で混ぜ合わせ、4時間にわたって110℃まで加熱した。反応中に発生するメタノールおよび水を蒸留した(6.2mL)。混合物を25℃まで冷却した。メチルt−ブチルエーテル(100mL)およびメチルヒドラジン(21.2mL;0.40mol)を加え、混合物を一夜にわたって攪拌した。反応混合物を1M塩化アンモニウム水溶液(3×40mL)および水(40mL)で洗浄した。有機相を、Dean−Stark装置を用いる共沸蒸留により乾燥した。蒸留の代替法として、溶液を、無水硫酸マグネシウムカートリッジに通して乾燥した。溶液を、シリカゲルカートリッジ(60g)に通して濾過した。生成物をメチルt−ブチルエーテルでカートリッジから洗い流した。生成物を含有する(1つまたは複数の)分画を合わせ、蒸留により約70mLまで濃縮した。ヘプタン(120mL)を加え、蒸留を、ポット温度が98.4℃に達するまで続けた。蒸留物約100mLを集めた。混合物を40℃まで冷却した。混合物に接種し、結晶化を開始させながら温度を30分にわたって40℃に維持した。混合物を90分かけて0℃までゆっくりと冷やした。混合物を30分にわたって0℃に保った。混合物を濾過し、固体を冷やした(0℃)ヘプタンで洗浄した(3×)。固体をフィルター上で乾燥した。クリーム色の結晶性の固体(16.3g;収率68%)が得られた。
5%水を含有するiPrOH(15mL)中の5−(4−ブロモフェニル)−1−メチル−1H−ピラゾール(0.50g、2.10mmol)、4−{3−[(トリイソプロピルシリル)チオ]フェニル}テトラヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−カルボキサミド(0.83g、2.10mmol)、テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)(243mg、0.10当量)、ビス[(2−ジフェニル−ホスフィノ)]フェニルエーテル(113mg、0.10当量)、およびTHF中1.0Mカリウムtert−ブトキシド(6.3mmol、3当量)の混合物を、窒素雰囲気中でセ氏90度にて4時間にわたって加熱した。反応混合物を室温まで冷却し、1N HCl7mLを加えた。生成物を、水(30mL)の添加により沈殿させた。沈殿を吸引濾過により集め、水(2×20mL)および冷エチルエーテル(4×20mL)で洗浄した。黄褐色の固体を、1%メタノールを含有する少量の塩化メチレンに溶かし、シリカゲルの140gカートリッジに適用した。カートリッジを、アセトン:ヘキサングラジエントで溶出した。適切な分画を濃縮し、メタノールと共にトリチュレートすると、生成物として白色の固体(710mg)が生成した。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO−d6)δ ppm 1.75〜1.84(m,3H)2.40(d,J=13.54Hz,3H)3.43〜3.51(m,1H)3.72(d,J=11.34Hz,3H)3.84(s,3H)6.40(d,J=1.46Hz,1H)7.02(s,1H)7.22〜7.30(m,2H)7.34(d,J=8.05Hz,1H)7.38〜7.43(m,2H)7.45〜7.52(m,3H)。HRMS計算値 M+H:394.1589、実測値 394.1630。
4−{3−[(トリイソプロピルシリル)チオ]フェニル}テトラヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−カルボキサミド(200g、0.51mol)、5−(4−ブロモフェニル)−1−メチル−1H−ピラゾール(126g、0.53mol)、および2−メチルテトラヒドロフラン(2,000mL、tipsカルボキサミド1g当たり10mL)を、反応器中に入れ、60℃まで加熱しながら窒素をスパージした。ナトリウムメトキシド(244.0mL、1.07mol、メタノール溶液25%w/w中のナトリウムメトキシドとして添加)を反応器に加え、スパージングをさらに30分にわたって続けた。PdCl2DPPF(3.7g、0.005mol)を反応器に加え、混合物を70℃まで加熱した。tipsカルボキサミドの量が出発量の1%未満になったらすぐに、混合物を0℃まで冷却した。混合物を1時間にわたって0℃に保った。混合物を濾過し、固体を2−メチルテトラヒドロフラン(3×2.5mL/g)で洗浄した。固体をフィルター上で乾燥した。固体を清浄な反応器に戻し、20℃にて2時間にわたって水(2,000mL、10mL/g)と共にトリチュレートした。混合物を濾過し、固体を水(2,000mL、2×5mL/g)で洗浄した。固体をフィルター上で乾燥した。固体を、Si−チオール(90.0g、0.5g/g)およびTHF(約12.8L、70mL/g)と共に清浄な反応器に戻した。混合物を60〜65℃まで加熱し、2時間にわたって保った。混合物を25℃まで冷却し、濾過した。Si−チオールをTHF(約0.9L、5mL/g)で洗浄した。溶液を、10mL/gの濃度まで蒸留した。混合物を25℃まで冷却し、ヘキサン(422.5mL、5mL/g)を加えた。混合物を濾過し、固体をヘキサン(4.22.5mL、5mL/g)で洗浄した。固体を70℃にて真空オーブン中で乾燥した。
ステップ4、スケールアップバージョンから得られた粗表題化合物(181.0g、1.0当量)を、Si−チオール(表題化合物1g当たり0.5g)およびTHF(表題化合物1g当たり75mL)と共に清浄な反応器に戻した。混合物を60〜65℃まで加熱し、一夜にわたって保った。混合物を25℃まで冷却し、濾過した。Si−チオールをTHF(表題化合物1g当たり5mL)で洗浄した。溶液を、10mL/gの濃度まで蒸留した。生成物は、蒸留中に反応器壁上で固まることがある。混合物を25℃まで冷却した。ヘキサン(表題化合物1g当たり5mL)を加え、混合物を30分にわたって保った。混合物を濾過し、固体をフィルター上で乾燥した。反応器をメタノールですすぎ、残留THFを除去した。固体をメタノール(表題化合物1g当たり20mL)と共に反応器に戻した。混合物を加熱還流し、一夜にわたって保った。混合物を20℃まで冷却し、2時間にわたって保った。混合物を濾過した。固体を70℃にて真空オーブン中で乾燥した。精製された表題化合物162gが得られた(収率85%)。表題化合物のNMRデータは、ステップ4の通りである。
ステップ1:4−{3−[(4−アセチル−3−フルオロフェニル)チオ]フェニル}テトラヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−カルボキサミドの調製
2,4−ジフルオロアセトフェノン(0.40g、2.54mmol)、4−{3−[(トリイソプロピルシリル)チオ]フェニル}−テトラヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−カルボキサミド(1.0g、2.54mmol)、フッ化テトラブチルアンモニウム(0.66g、2.54mmol)、およびカリウムtert−ブトキシド(THF中1.0M、2.54ml、2.54mmol)を、無水トルエン(10ml)に加えた。混合物をセ氏90度まで温め、4時間にわたって攪拌した。室温まで冷却した後、酢酸エチル(100ml)を、1.0N HCl(6ml)と一緒に加えた。次いで、混合物を30分にわたって攪拌し、ベージュ色の沈殿を吸引濾過により集めた。粗生成物を、塩化メチレンとアセトンの70:30混合物で溶出するシリカゲル上でさらに精製した。適切な分画を濃縮し、淡褐色の固体(0.61g、64%)とした。
4−{3−[(4−アセチル−3−フルオロフェニル)チオ]フェニル}テトラヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−カルボキサミド(650mg、1.74mmol)を、無水N,N’−ジメチルホルムアミド(5ml)に加えた。次いで、N,N’−ジメチルホルムアミドジメチルアセタール(1.03g、8.7mmol、5.0当量)を加え、溶液を4時間にわたってセ氏100度にて加熱した。揮発成分を減圧下で蒸発させ、赤色の残渣を無水N,N’−ジメチルホルムアミド(5ml)に溶かした。この溶液をセ氏0度まで冷却し、メチルヒドラジン(2ml)を加えた。溶液を1時間にわたってセ氏0度にて、次いで、10時間にわたって室温にて攪拌した。揮発成分を回転蒸発により除去した。粘稠な油状残渣を少量の塩化メチレンに溶かし、シリカゲルのカートリッジに適用した。カートリッジを塩化メチレンとアセトンの7:3の比から塩化メチレンとアセトンの2:8の比まで移行するグラジエントを用いて溶出した。適切な分画を濃縮し、メタノールと共にトリチュレートすると、白色の固体(329mg、46%)が生成した。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO−d6)δ ppm 1.77〜1.86(m,2H)2.4(s,2H)3.48(s,1H)3.61(s,1H)3.69〜3.76(m,5H)6.37(s,1H)7.04(s,1H)7.10(d,J=8.42Hz,1H)7.14(d,J=10.98Hz,1H)7.26(s,1H)7.40(d,J=3.29Hz,1H)7.42〜7.50(m,4H)7.53(s,1H)。HRMS計算値 M+H:412.1495、実測値 412.1555。
蛍光強度5−LO酵素アッセイ
4−(3−{[4−(1−メチル−1H−ピラゾール−5−イル)フェニル]チオ}フェニル)テトラヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−カルボキサミド(以下に記載されているものと同一の試験条件におけるIC50=867nM)などの参考文献中に包含されている以前の化合物は、同様の効力で組み換えヒト5−LO酵素を阻害することが観察されている。この酵素アッセイは、アラキドン酸依存性反応における5−LOによる非蛍光性化合物2’7’−ジクロロジヒドロフルオレセインジアセテート(H2DCFDA)の蛍光性2’,7’ジクロロフルオロセインへの酸化に基づいている。基質H2DCFDAのアセテート基のエステル開裂は、酸化に先立って起こらなければならない。これは、組み換えヒト5−LOの粗細胞ライセート調製物を使用することにより行われる。酵素アッセイ(40L)は、50mM Tris(pH7.5)、2mM CaCl2、2mM EDTA、3μMアラキドン酸(Nu−Chek Prep;#S−1133)、10μM ATP、10μM H2DCFDA(Invtrogen;#D399)、阻害薬(様々な濃度)および組み換えヒト5−LO酵素(ウェル当たり粗ライセート1.25μL)を含有していた。
嘔吐評価
以前の化合物は、喘息などの疾患または炎症性障害のための5−リポキシゲナーゼ酵素の治療的阻害について予想されるものと同様の暴露で経口投与後にヒトにおいて悪心および嘔吐を生じると報告されている。これらの化合物の投与後のこれらの胃腸症状の発生は、それらの臨床的有用性を制限した。
ヒト全血からのエイコサノイド産生:
4−(3−{[4−(1−メチル−1H−ピラゾール−5−イル)フェニル]チオ}フェニル)テトラヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−カルボキサミド(以下に記載されているものと同一の試験条件においてIC50=261nM)などの参考文献中に包含されている以前の化合物は、同様の効力でヒト全血におけるLTB4のイオノフォア誘発性産生を阻害することが観察されている。この分野における確立した見解によれば、このデータは、ヒト全血において標的(5−LO)を阻害する化合物の能力を示している。ヒト全血を、10mlのヘパリン処理した管(Vacutainer管;Becton Dickenson、Franklin Lakes、NJ)に健常な、または喘息のヒトドナーから集めた。集めた血液をプールし、80μlを、Multi−Drop(商標)384ウェルディスペンサー(Titertek、Huntsville、Alabama)を用いて384ウェルポリプロピレンプレートの各ウェルに分注した。様々な濃度の化合物をDMSOに溶かし、次いで、2μl/ウェルを、PlateMate Plus(商標)自動ピペッティングステーション(Matrix Technologies、Hudson、NH)を用いて血液に添加した。化合物を、10分にわたって室温にて血液と共にプレインキュベートし、続いて、60%エタノールに溶かした40μlカルシウムイオノフォア(A23187、Sigma Chemical Co、St.Louis、MO、Cat.#C−7522)および30μlアラキドン酸(S−1133、NU−Chek PREP,Inc.、Elysian、MN、Cat.#S−1133)で刺激した。浅い水浴中で37℃にて15分のインキュベーション後、血液を4℃にて10分にわたって800gにて遠心分離し、上清を集め、ロイコトリエンおよびプロスタグランジンレベルを製造者の説明書(Cayman Chemical Company、Ann Arbor、MI)に従ってELISAにより測定した。アッセイは、2.5%DMSOの最終濃度にて行った。このアッセイの結果を以下の通り示す。
ラット空気嚢におけるカラギーナン誘発性エイコサノイド産生:
4−(3−{[4−(1−メチル−1H−ピラゾール−5−イル)フェニル]チオ}フェニル)テトラヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−カルボキサミド(以下に記載されているものと同一の試験条件において3mpk=対照の20%)などの参考文献中に包含されている以前の化合物は、同様の効力でラット空気嚢におけるロイコトリエンのカラギーナン誘発性産生を阻害することが観察されている。この分野における確立した見解によれば、このデータは、in vivoで標的(5−LO)を阻害する化合物の能力を示している。結果の正確な解釈のために、対照の%が低ければ低いほど試験化合物の活性が高いことに留意されたい。雄性Lewisラット(175〜200g)、Charles River Laboratories、Wilmington、MA)をこの研究で使用した。空気嚢を、背部の肩甲骨内(intrascapular)領域中に無菌空気20mlを皮下注入することにより作成した。嚢を1日にわたって発達させた。動物(1群当たり6匹)を、薬物投与に先立つ16〜24時間にわたって水を自由に与えながら絶食させた。薬物またはビヒクルは、嚢中への食塩水に溶かしたカラギーナン(FMC BioPolymer、Philadelphia、PA、Cat.#GP209−NF)の1%懸濁液2mlの注射1時間前に強制経口投与した。カラギーナン注射後3時間目に、食塩水中50μg/mlカルシウムイオノフォア(A23187、Sigma Chemical Co、St.Louis、M、Cat.#C−7522)1mlを嚢内に注射し、嚢液を洗浄により10分後に集めた。液体を4℃にて10分にわたって3500rpmにて遠心分離し、上清を分析のために集めた。ロイコトリエンレベルを製造者の説明書(Cayman Chemical Company、Ann Arbor、MI)に従ってELISAにより定量化した。
Claims (11)
- 医薬品として使用するための、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の化合物または薬学的に許容できるその塩および溶媒和物。
- 喘息、慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD)およびアレルギー性鼻炎の治療において使用するための、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の化合物または薬学的に許容できるその塩および溶媒和物。
- 喘息、慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD)およびアレルギー性鼻炎の治療において有用な医薬品を製造するための、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の化合物または薬学的に許容できるその塩および溶媒和物の使用。
- 請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の化合物または薬学的に許容できるその塩および溶媒和物ならびに薬学的に許容できる賦形剤を含む医薬組成物。
- 請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の化合物または薬学的に許容できるその塩および溶媒和物とヒスタミン受容体拮抗薬との組合せ剤。
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