JP4455324B2 - 肝細胞癌の診断 - Google Patents
肝細胞癌の診断 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4455324B2 JP4455324B2 JP2004507835A JP2004507835A JP4455324B2 JP 4455324 B2 JP4455324 B2 JP 4455324B2 JP 2004507835 A JP2004507835 A JP 2004507835A JP 2004507835 A JP2004507835 A JP 2004507835A JP 4455324 B2 JP4455324 B2 JP 4455324B2
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Description
本発明は、肝細胞癌の診断に関する。特に、本発明は、肝細胞癌のマーカーとしてのグリピカン−3のレベルを決定するための抗体および方法に関する。
本発明に関係する技術水準を十分に記述するために、本出願の全体にわたって様々な参考文献を引用する。これらの参考文献の開示内容を、参照することにより本開示内容に組み込むものとする。
本発明者は、HCCの診断において改良された特異性を提供する、新規で、速やかで、便利かつ非侵襲的なアッセイの基礎をもたらす、新規なHCC用血清マーカーである、グリピカン−3(GPC3)を発見した。
被験者から体液サンプルを得るステップと、
該サンプル中のグリピカン−3(GPC3)レベルを決定するステップと、
を含み、
該サンプル中に検出可能レベルのGPC3が存在することが、被験者の肝細胞癌(HCC)を示唆することを特徴とする、肝細胞癌(HCC)について被験者をスクリーニングする方法が提供される。
被験者から肝組織サンプルを得るステップと、
組織サンプル中のGPC3の存在を決定するステップと
を含み、
該サンプル中にGPC3が検出されることが、HCCを示す、
被験者におけるHCCを診断する方法が提供される。
サンプルを、GPC3またはその断片に特異的に結合する抗体またはその断片と接触させて、抗体−GPC3複合体、または抗体−GPC3断片複合体の形成を可能にするステップと、
抗体−GPC3または抗体−GPC3断片複合体を検出するステップと
を含む、方法を提供する。
サンプルを、GPC3またはその断片に特異的に結合する抗体またはその断片と接触させて、抗体−GPC3複合体または抗体−GPC3断片複合体の形成を可能にするステップと、
抗体−GPC3または抗体−GPC3断片複合体を測定するステップと
を含む、サンプル中のGPC3のレベルを決定する方法が提供される。
本発明は、肝細胞癌(HCC)について哺乳動物被験者を、スクリーニングする方法を提供する。本発明者は、HCCを有する被験者の、循環中、血清または血漿中で、細胞表面プロテオグリカンGPC3を検出できるが、健常な被験者の血清または血漿中には、検出可能レベル、すなわちバックグラウンドより有意に高いレベルで存在しないことを、本明細書に記載の標準有意性検定法を使用して実証していた。肝炎、または肝炎に加えて硬変に罹患している被験者の血清または血漿中では、GPC3は、ほとんどまたは全く検出できないことも証明されている。
<ポリクローナル抗体>
ポリクローナル抗体を作製するために、精製GPC3、ヒトまたは非ヒトを得ることが可能である。
モノクローナル抗GPC3抗体もまた、ポリクローナル抗体の作製について上述した通りに得た、精製GPC3またはその断片を、場合により融合タンパク質として、マウスに注射した後、従来の方法で作ることが可能である。
患者組織:肝組織サンプルは、トロント総合病院病理学部門(Department of Pathology,Toronto General Hospital)から入手した。全ての肝標本は、外科的に切除された腫瘍および隣接した実質由来の大きい塊であった。全ての組織を、10%ホルマリンで固定し、定型的な組織検査用にパラフィン中に包埋した。
ヒトGPC3の70個連続したC末端アミノ酸をコード化しているクローン化GPC3のcDNA(フィルムス(Filmus)ら、上掲)の一部を、グルタチオン−S−トランスフェラーゼ融合タンパク質として、従来の大腸菌発現システムで発現させた。
同一免疫原である、ヒトGPC3のC末端70アミノ酸を含むGST融合タンパク質を使用して、モノクローナル抗体を作った。この70アミノ酸領域は、生物種間で保存される最小のものであり、したがって、ヒトGPC3に特異的な抗体を生じさせるために使用される。ハイブリドーマは、たとえばケーラーおよびミルスタイン(Kohler and Milstein),Nature,256:495−497,(1975年)に記載の、当業者に周知の方法を使用して生じさせる。
1G12および8H5ハイブリドーマにより産生された2つのモノクローナル抗体の特異性を、HAタグ付GPC3をトランスフェクションした細胞からのタンパク質溶解物のウエスタンブロット分析で確認した。図2から分かる通り、抗体1Gl2は、GPC3コアタンパク質に相当するバンド、およびGPC3のグリカン化形に相当するスメアを検出した。コントロールとして、抗HA抗体(12CA5)を用いて、ウエスタンブロットを並行実施した。
HCC腫瘍および周囲の非悪性細胞のパラフィン切片を、上述の通り、抗GPC3モノクローナル抗体1G12で免疫組織化学的に染色した。該抗GPC3抗体は、ビオチン化抗マウス免疫グロブリン二次抗体を使用して検出し、結合した二次抗体は、セイヨウワサビ過酸化物にコンジュゲートしたストレプトアビジンを使用して検出した。図3は、抗GPC3モノクローナル抗体1G12は、腫瘍細胞に強く結合したが、正常な肝細胞とは全く結合しなかったことを示す。予想通り、細胞膜上にGPC3が存在したのに加えて、細胞質内の顕著な染色もみられた。細胞質の染色は、大部分は粒状であり、また細胞表面に近かった。時々、核周囲の染色が確認された。非実質細胞は、マクロファージ以外は、一般に陰性であった。以上の結果から、GPC3の検出により、肝組織切片におけるHCCを診断するために、抗GPC3モノクローナル抗体を使用できることが分かる。
表1に、15の異なる肝細胞癌と反応するGPC3に対するモノクローナル抗体の免疫組織化学的研究の結果をまとめる。これらのHCCのうち12(80%)は、GPC3に対するモノクローナル抗体と反応した。各腫瘍で、抗GPC3mAbと反応した、染色された細胞の数には幾らかのばらつきがあった。陽性細胞は、通常はクローン様領域内に密集していた。全例で、腫瘍周囲の非悪性肝細胞は陰性であった。
サンドイッチELISAを使用して、HCCを有すると診断された患者の血清中GPC3を決定した。ELISAの場合、96ウェルプレートを抗GPC3モノクローナル抗体1G12で被覆し、被験血清のアリコートを加えた。未結合材料を洗浄により除去し、実施例1の場合と同様に調製して、免疫複合体の存在を検出するのに有用な検出試薬と直接または間接に複合体形成した抗GPC3ヒツジポリクローナル抗体を使用して、結合したGPC3を検出した。サンプルの光学密度を測定し、標準曲線の結果と比較した。図4は、該アッセイ用の標準曲線を示す。アッセイの結果は、試験した範囲内で、直線状であった。
市販のELISA(アボットから販売されているアキシム(Axsym,Abbott))を使用して、実施例6に記載の、同一セットのHCC患者34例で、血清AFPレベルを測定した。表4に、得られたAFP値およびGPC3値の比較を示す。
Claims (21)
- 被験者を肝細胞癌(HCC)に関してスクリーニングする方法であって、
被験者から得られた体液サンプル中のグリピカン−3(GPC3)レベルを決定するステップ
を含み、
検出可能なレベルのGPC3がサンプル中に存在することにより、被験者のHCCが示唆されることを特徴とする方法。 - 前記サンプル中のαフェトプロテイン(AFP)レベルを決定するステップをさらに含み、前記サンプル中の検出可能なレベルのGPC3および前記サンプル中の正常なコントロール被験者のAFPレベルより高いAFPレベルにより、被験者のHCCが示唆される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記サンプル中のAFPレベルが、20ng/mlより高い、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記サンプル中のAFPレベルが、100ng/mlより高い、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記サンプル中のGPC3レベルが、免疫学的方法で決定される、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- ヒトGPC3またはその断片に特異的に結合する抗体または抗体断片を使用する、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体または断片が、ヒトGPC3の70連続したカルボキシ末端アミノ酸内のエピトープに特異的に結合する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体または断片が、ポリクローナル抗体である、請求項6または7に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体または断片が、モノクローナル抗体である、請求項6または7に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体または断片が、Fab、F(ab’)2およびFvからなる群から選択される断片である、請求項6または7に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体または抗体断片が、検出可能な標識を担持する、請求項6〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 抗GPC3抗体または抗体断片に特異的に結合し、かつシグナル発生系の成分を含む、二次抗体を使用することにより、前記抗体または抗体断片が検出される、請求項6〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記抗GPC3抗体または断片が、固体の基剤に付着されており、前記サンプルを、前記固体基質と接触させて、前記サンプル中のGPC3を、付着している抗GPC3抗体または断片に結合させ、前記固体基剤を洗浄し、結合したGPC3を、抗GPC3抗体または抗体断片に特異的に結合しかつシグナル発生系の成分を含む二次抗体を使用して決定する、請求項6〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記二次抗体が、セイヨウワサビペルオキシダーゼにコンジュゲートされている、請求項12または13に記載の方法。
- 前記AFPレベルが、ELISAアッセイで決定される、請求項2〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記体液が、血清または血漿である、請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記被験者が、ヒト被験者である、請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 一本鎖抗体分子、Fab断片、F(ab)2断片、Fv断片およびキメラ分子からなる群から選択される、請求項6〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体が、IgG、IgM、IgA、IgE、IgDおよびそれらのサブクラスからなる群から選択される抗体である、請求項6〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記被験者が、肝疾患の臨床徴候を示す、請求項1〜19のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 被験者を肝細胞癌(HCC)に関してスクリーニングする方法であって、
肝腫瘤、又はB型若しくはC型肝炎の臨床徴候を示す被験者から得られた、血清、血漿又は全血の体液サンプル中のグリピカン−3(GPC3)レベルを決定するステップ
を含み、
検出可能なレベルのGPC3がサンプル中に存在することにより、被験者のHCCが示唆されることを特徴とする方法。
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US38234002P | 2002-05-23 | 2002-05-23 | |
PCT/CA2003/000752 WO2003100429A2 (en) | 2002-05-23 | 2003-05-22 | Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma |
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AU2003229191B2 (en) | 2009-07-30 |
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