JP4405916B2 - Fasペプチド模倣体およびその使用 - Google Patents
Fasペプチド模倣体およびその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4405916B2 JP4405916B2 JP2004507502A JP2004507502A JP4405916B2 JP 4405916 B2 JP4405916 B2 JP 4405916B2 JP 2004507502 A JP2004507502 A JP 2004507502A JP 2004507502 A JP2004507502 A JP 2004507502A JP 4405916 B2 JP4405916 B2 JP 4405916B2
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- Prior art keywords
- fas
- mimetic
- fasl
- administered
- peptide
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Description
Z2は、B1、X3、およびZ8と共有結合を形成することが可能な部分であり、
Z8は、B9、X7、およびZ2と共有結合を形成することが可能な部分であり、
X3は、疎水性アミノ酸または結合であり、
X4は、アスパラギン酸またはグルタミン酸から選択されるアミノ酸であり、
X5は、アスパラギン酸またはグルタミン酸から選択されるアミノ酸であり、
X6は、ヒスチジン、リジン、アルギニン、アスパラギン、またはグルタミンからなる群から選択されるアミノ酸であり、
X7は、芳香族部分または複素環式芳香族部分であり、
「--」はアミド、置換アミド、またはそのアミドのアイソスターを含む共有結合であり、
「==」は共有結合である。
B1およびB9は、それぞれ独立に少なくとも1つが疎水性アミノ酸である1〜6個のアミノ酸からなるペプチド、芳香族部分または複素環式芳香族部分であり、
Z2は、B1、X3およびZ8と共有結合を形成することが可能な部分であり、
Z8は、B9、X7およびZ2と共有結合を形成することが可能な部分であり、
X3は、親水性アミノ酸または結合であり、
X4は、アスパラギン酸またはグルタミン酸から選択されるアミノ酸であり、
X5は、アスパラギン酸またはグルタミン酸から選択されるアミノ酸であり、
X6は、ヒスチジン、リジン、アルギニン、アスパラギンまたはグルタミンからなる群から選択されるアミノ酸であり、
X7は、芳香族部分または複素環式芳香族部分であり、
「--」は、アミド、置換アミドまたはそれらのアミドのアイソスターを含む結合であり、
「==」は、共有結合である)
または薬剤として許容される塩、代謝産物もしくはそのプロドラッグを提供する。
本発明中で使用するアミノ酸残基は、その完全な名称によって列挙するか、3文字または1文字のアミノ酸コード(例えば、Mathews & van Holde、「Biochemistry」、第2版(Benjamin/Cumings Publishing Company,Inc.、ニューヨーク)、131頁の表5.1参照)のどちらかで呼ぶことによって列挙し得る。本発明の範囲に包含される模倣体は、指定されたクラスのアミノ酸残基の点から部分的に定義する。アミノ酸は一般に、主にアミノ酸側鎖の特徴に応じて3つの主要なクラス、すなわち親水性アミノ酸、疎水性アミノ酸およびシステイン様アミノ酸に分類し得る。これらの主要なクラスをさらにサブクラスに分類し得る。親水性アミノ酸には、酸性、塩基性または極性の側鎖を有するアミノ酸が含まれる。疎水性アミノ酸には、芳香族または無極性の側鎖を有するアミノ酸が含まれる。無極性のアミノ酸はさらに、とりわけ脂肪族アミノ酸を含むよう分類し得る。本明細書中で使用するアミノ酸クラスの定義は以下の通りである。
RLSSKSVNAQVTDINSKGLELRKTVTTVETQNLEGLHHDGQFCHKPCPPGERKARDCTVNGDEPDCVPCQEGKEYTDKAHFSSKCRRCRLCDEGHGLEVEINCTRTQNTKCRCKPNFFCNSTVCEHCDPCTKCEHGIIKECTLTSNTKCKEEGSRSNLGWLCLLLLPIPLIVWVKRKEVQKTCRKHRKENQGSHESPTLNPETVAINLSDVDLSKYITTIAGVMTLSQVKGFVRKNGVNEAKIDEIKNDNVQDTAEQKVQLLRNWHQLHGKKEAYDTLIKDLKKANLCTLAEKIQTIILKDITSDSENSNFRNEIQSLV(配列番号15)
本発明のFas模倣体は、以下の特性を1つまたは複数有することが好ましい。
模倣体は、1nM〜500mMの拮抗効力(IC50として測定)を示すことが好ましい。以下にさらに詳細に述べる本発明の開示を制限することなしに、効力は、模倣体の拮抗活性をin vivoまたは細胞抽出物または抽出物の画分を含めたin vitroで決定することによって測定し得る。阻害効力も、非限定的な例としてネイティブもしくは組換えFas、および/または可溶性Fasを用いて決定し得る。Fas結合は、ELISAやMTTによる増殖などの当業者に周知の方法(Hansen他、J.Immunol.Methods、199、203〜210、(1989))によって決定し得る。
好ましい模倣体は、他のTNF受容体と比較してFasに対して少なくとも約10倍高い拮抗効力を示す。他のTNF受容体と比較してFasに対して少なくとも約100倍高い拮抗を示す化合物がより好ましい。他のTNF受容体と比較してFasに対して少なくとも約1000倍高い拮抗を示す化合物が最も好ましい。
模倣体は、FasLに結合してFasLとFasとの相互作用を阻害することが好ましい。模倣体のFasLに対する結合親和性は、様々なパラメータ、例えば、kon、koffおよびKD。によって記述することができる。好ましい実施形態では、模倣体は、10M-1s-1より高いkon値、10-3s-1未満のkoff値または10-4M未満のKD値によって表されるFasLに対する親和性を有する。より好ましくは、模倣体は、102M-1s-1より高いkon値、10-4s-1未満のkoff値または10-5M未満のKD値によって表されるFasLに対する親和性を有する。最も好ましくは、模倣体は、103M-1s-1より高いkon値、10-5s-1未満のkoff値または10-6M未満のKD値によって表されるFasLに対する親和性を有する。
好ましい実施形態によれば、FASの既知の領域に基づいて模倣体を設計する。好ましい実施形態では、模倣体はFasの細胞外ドメイン、より好ましくはFasのシスチンノット領域を模倣する。最も好ましくは、模倣体はFasのKp7ドメインに基づく。
本発明の模倣体は、ペプチドおよびペプチド類似体を調製するための、当分野で知られている事実上任意の技術を用いて調製し得る。例えば、ペプチドは、慣用の溶液または固相ペプチド合成を用いて直鎖状または非環状形態で調製し、標準の化学反応を用いて環状化し得る。好ましくは、ペプチドを環状化するために使用した化学反応は、ペプチドが実質上分解されるのを避けるために十分穏やかである。本明細書中に記載のペプチドを合成するための適切な手順、ならびにペプチドを環状化するための適切な化学反応は、当分野で周知である。
ペプチドの全体が遺伝子にコードされているアミノ酸のみで構成されている場合、またはその一部分がそのように構成されている場合は、このペプチドまたは当該部分は、慣用の組換え遺伝子操作技術を用いても合成し得る。その後、単離したペプチドまたはそのセグメントをすでに記載のように縮合し、酸化して環状ペプチドを得る。
本発明のペプチドおよびペプチド類似体は、高速液体クロマトグラフィー、イオン交換クロマトグラフィー、ゲル電気泳動、アフィニティークロマトグラフィーなどの当分野で知られている技術によって精製することができる。特定のペプチドまたは類似体を精製するために使用する実際の条件は、実効電荷、疎水性、親水性などの要因に部分的に依存し、当業者には明らかであろう。
本発明の化合物は、それ自体でまたは薬剤組成物の形態で対象に投与し得る。本発明の化合物を含む薬剤組成物は、慣用の混合、溶解、顆粒化、糖衣錠作製、湿式粉砕、乳化、カプセル封入、混入または凍結乾燥プロセスによって製造し得る。薬剤組成物は、活性ペプチドもしくはペプチド類似体を製薬で使用できる調製物へと加工することを容易にする1つまたは複数の生理的に許容される担体、希釈剤、賦形剤または補助剤を使用して、慣用の方法で配合し得る。適切な配合は、選択された投与経路に依存する。
本発明の化合物は一般に、意図する目的を実現するのに有効な量で使用する。FAS関連症状を治療または予防するための使用では、本発明の化合物またはその薬剤組成物を、治療有効量で投与または塗布する。治療有効量とは、症状を寛解もしくは予防すること、または治療する患者の生存を延長することに有効な量を意味する。治療有効量を決定することは十分に当業者の能力範囲内にある。
本明細書中に記載の化合物の治療有効用量は、実質的な毒性を引き起こさずに治療上の利点をもたらすことが好ましい。
Fas受容体複合体の分子モデル
TNFスーパーファミリーのメンバーであるFasはTNF受容体と有意な構造相同性を共有している。TNF受容体構造は、特徴あるシステインノット繰返しドメインを備えている。(Naismith,J.H.他、Structure 4、1251〜1262、(1996))。最初の3ドメインのループ構造、ならびにタンパク質のβターンは、分子認識および結合で役割を果たすと考えられている。(Leszczynski,J.F.他、Science 234、849〜855、(1986))。システインノットのペプチド模倣体を開発するため、小分子により乱されるか影響を受ける可能性のある、タンパク質-タンパク質相互作用部位を同定した。
Fas受容体へのFasL結合の阻害
プラスチックプレート上に固定化したFas-Fc融合タンパク質に結合するFasL-Flag(100ng/ml)を測定する検査法により、Fas模倣体活性を評価した。最初に生成するKp1-1、2-2、3-2、4-2、および7-2を、FasがFasLに結合する異なった推定部位をもとに設計し、300μMのペプチドと20nMの可溶性Fas受容体を用いた結合阻害検査法を使用してスクリーニングした(図2A)。模倣体の設計には、Kp7ループがテンプレートとして好ましい表面であることが、この結果から示された。追加して生成するKp7ループ表面由来の環外ペプチドも設計した。FasLおよびFas間の相互作用、および異なる模倣体の生物学的活性の分析から、Kp7ループのアスパラギン酸およびグルタミン酸が、相互作用に最も関係している残基と予想される。しかし、各位置でどの特定のアミノ酸であるかは重要ではない。したがって例えば、アスパラギン酸かグルタミン酸がどちらの位置に存在してもよい。Kp7の他の残基を修飾すると、この一連のKp7模倣体について示すように(図2A)、阻害活性はある程度向上した。
Kp7模倣体の結合親和性および特異性
表面プラズモン共鳴(BIAcore(商標))解析を用い、FasLへの最良の阻害活性を示したKp7-6の結合動力学を実行した。FasL-Flagをセンサーチップ上に固定化し、異なる濃度のKp7-6を含む種々の溶液をその表面上に行き渡らせた。上記の異なるKp7-6濃度から得られたセンサーグラムの結果を、図3Aに示す。konおよびkoff速度定数は、それぞれ6.85×101M-1s-1および7.65×10-4s-1と推定され、この解離速度定数と結合速度定数の比から、1.12×10-5MのKD値を得た。このkoff値は、生物学的活性を備えた治療薬開発において、重要な指標であると考えられており(Benveniste,M.他、Br J Pharmacol 104、207〜221、(1991);Yiallouros,I.他、Biochem J 331、375〜379、(1998))、一般に、有効な生物学的効果と関連がある(Moosmayer,D.他、J Interferon Cytokine Res 16、471〜477、(1996))。このKp7-6-FasL相互作用のKDは、Fas-FasL相互作用について記録されたもの(Starling,G.C.他、J Exp Med 185、1487〜1492、(1997))より低い親和性を示したが、koff速度は、通常の抗原抗体相互作用と同程度であった。これはKp7-6が安定な受容体複合体を形成し、また実用性の点から有益である可能性を示唆している。(Berezov,A.他、J Med Chem 44、2565〜2574、(2001))。
FasL誘発細胞毒性の阻害
模倣体がFas介在の細胞毒性に与える影響を評価するため、種々の濃度の模倣体の存在下または不在下で、FasLに感受性のあるジャーカット細胞を、可溶性FasL-Flag融合タンパク質で刺激した。Fas介在の細胞毒性に対する模倣体の阻害効果は、上記FasL結合阻害の結果と一致した(図4)。Kp7-6は用量依存的な阻害活性を示した。1mM濃度のKp7-6は、Fas介在の細胞毒性から90%を超える細胞を保護した(図4)。Kp7-10も用量依存的な阻害活性を示した(図4)。試験した濃度範囲では、環状ペプチドは、ジャーカット細胞に対し細胞毒性を介在することはなかった(データ略)。信号雑音比を向上させるため、多用量Kp7-6をこの実験では用いた。他の結合部位由来の模倣体が相乗的に相互作用してKp7表面をブロックする可能性があるかどうかを判定するため、模倣体を組み合わせてKp7を使用した。Kp4模倣体のメンバーと組み合わせて使用したKp7-6またはKp7-10のどちらも、有意な相乗効果を示さなかった。これは、Kp7結合部位の阻害自体が、FasL活性と拮抗するに十分であることを示唆している(データは示さない)。
FasL誘発アポトーシスの阻害
Fas模倣体の生物学的活性を、Fas-L誘発アポトーシスに模倣体が与える影響を判定することにより、さらに評価した。細胞膜上でのホスファチジルセリン(PS)の外在化を、アネキシンVを用い判定することで、アポトーシスを測定した。PSが原形質膜の外側のリーフレットに転移することは、アポトーシスの一般的な特徴であり、アネキシンV-FITCの結合を用い定量的に測定できる早期現象である。FasL-Flag(200ng/ml)で3時間治療したジャーカット細胞は、未治療細胞と比較して、PS露出の著しい増加を示した(図5)。このジャーカット細胞アポトーシスの増加は、Kp7-6により用量依存的に阻害された(図5)。
Con A誘発損傷に対するマウスの保護
Kp7-6模倣体の生物学的活性をin vivoで測定した。FasL誘発アポトーシスは、ウイルス感染、薬物毒性、その他の損傷などの種々の条件下で、肝細胞がアポトーシスを起こす主要な、また大多数の場合の1つの経路である。(Kaminuma,C.他、Toxicol Pathol 27、412〜420、(1999);Famularo,G.他、Med Hypotheses 53、50〜62、(1999);Gantner他、上記)。いくつかの報告によると、RNA干渉またはオリゴヌクレオチドでFasシグナル伝達を遮断すると、肝臓傷害の程度が抑えられる。(Zhang,H.他、Nat Biotechnol 18、862〜867、(2000);Song,E.他、Nat Med(2003))。Kp7-6のin vivoでのアンタゴニスト効果を、Con Aで誘発した肝炎モデルで試験した。抗FasLモノクローナル抗体、Fas模倣体ペプチド、または生理食塩水を腹腔内(IP)投与し、C57BL/6マウスを前治療した。30分後、実験動物にCon Aまたは生理食塩水を静脈内投与した。Con A治療の12時間後に、アラニンアミノ基転移酵素(ALT)およびアスパラギン酸アミノ基転移酵素(AST)の血清中活性を測定することにより、肝臓傷害および炎症性肝炎の誘発を評価した。どちらのアミノ基転移酵素活性も、Kp7-6で前治療したマウスで減少した(図6A〜B)。これは、in vivoでKp7-6がFas介在の肝炎損傷を阻止したことを示している。Kp1-1は、肝炎損傷を阻止しなかった(図6A〜B)。これらの結果は、(上記実施例に示した)in vitroでのデータと一致した。したがって、Fas受容体を効果的に不活性化することが可能な、合理的に設計された小分子は、in vivoで機能するといえる。
Fas模倣体は眼内血管形成を阻害する
Fas Kp7を局所的に使用し、マウス眼モデルにおける血管形成を治療した。眼内に放出されると血管成長を導く線維芽細胞成長因子(FGF)で覆われたペレットを移植することで、血管形成を誘発した。当技術分野で周知の通常の方法を用い、新たに形成された、すなわち血管新生した血管からのFITC-デキストランの拡散より、血管新生の程度を測定した。例えばDe Fouw他、Microvasc.Res.38、136〜147、(1989);Tiedeken & Rovainer、Microvasc.Res.41、376〜389、(1991);Rizzo他、Microvasc.Res.49、49〜63、(1995)を参照のこと。Fas Kp7模倣体(1mg/ml、1日3回7日間)の局所的投与により、新血管形成が事実上阻害された。TNF阻害剤を用いての対照治療は、ここでも影響を与えなかった。
ウェルナー症候群細胞系におけるFas模倣体のアゴニスト活性
本発明のFas模倣体で治療した細胞のアポトーシスを測定する検査法により、Fas模倣体活性をさらに調査した。2つの特定の細胞系でFas模倣体活性を調査した。不死化したEBV形質転換ヒトBリンパ芽球様細胞系であるN6803(Kataoka他、Differentiation 62、203〜211、(1997))、および、ウェルナー症候群患者由来のEBV形質転換Bリンパ芽球様細胞系であるWS10201(Okada他、Biol.Pharm.Bull.21、235〜239、(1998);Hanma他、Mutat.Res.520、15〜24、(2002)参照)である。ウェルナー症候群は劣勢遺伝病で、若年性老化の原因となり、稀な癌の危険性を増加させる(Goto他、Hum.Genet.105、301〜307、(1999)参照)。
実験手順
材料。ヒト組換えTNFαはロシェダイアグノスティック社(インディアナ州、インディアナポリス)から入手した。Flag標識可溶性ヒトFasリガンド(FasL-Flag)、および、ヒトFas細胞外ドメイン-IgGFc融合タンパク質(Fas-Fc)は、カミヤバイオメディカル社(ワシントン州、シアトル)から購入した。ヒト組換えTNF受容体(I)細胞外ドメイン-IgGFc融合タンパク質(TNFRI-Fc)は、R&Dシステムズ社(ミネソタ州、ミネアポリス)から購入した。抗Flag-HRP抗体、過酸化水素水、3,3,'5,5'-テトラメチルベンジジン(TMBZ)、およびコンカナバリンAは、シグマバイオメディカル社(ミズーリ州、セントルイス)から購入した。
本発明の説明では、特許、特許出願、および各種刊行物を含む数多くの参照文献を引用し、論じている。このような参照文献の引用、および/またはそれらに関する議論は、単に本発明の説明を明快にするために行うものであり、このような参照文献のいずれかが本明細書に記載の本発明の「先行技術」であることを承認するものではない。本明細書で引用、議論した参照文献はすべてそのまま参照により本明細書に組み込まれ、また同様に各参照文献は個々に参照により組み込まれる。
Claims (29)
- FasLに関するKDが10-4M以下である、請求項1に記載の模倣体。
- FasLに関するKDが10-5M以下である、請求項1に記載の模倣体。
- FasLに関するkoffが10-3 s-1以下である、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の模倣体。
- FasLに関するkoffが10-4 s-1以下である、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の模倣体。
- YCDEHFCY(配列番号5);
YCDEKFCY(配列番号8);および
YCDEQFCY(配列番号9)
からなる群から選択される配列を含む、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の模倣体。 - 配列YCDEHFCY(配列番号5)からなる、請求項1に記載の模倣体。
- 請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の模倣体および薬剤用賦形剤を含む薬剤組成物。
- 前記賦形剤が希釈剤、緩衝剤、担体、安定化剤、および防腐剤からなる群から選択されるメンバーである、請求項8に記載の薬剤組成物。
- FAS関連症状に罹患した哺乳動物に治療有効量投与される、前記FAS関連症状を治療するための請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の模倣体、あるいは請求項8または9に記載の薬剤組成物。
- 前記FAS関連症状が自己免疫性症状である、請求項10に記載の模倣体または組成物。
- 前記FAS関連症状がリウマチ様関節炎、シェーグレン症候群、多発性硬化症、肝炎、眼球障害、腎損傷、炎症、老化、移植片拒絶、およびHIV感染からなる群から選択される、請求項10に記載の模倣体または組成物。
- 前記FAS関連症状が肝炎および眼球障害からなる群から選択される、請求項12に記載の模倣体または組成物。
- 前記FAS関連症状が黄斑変性症である、請求項13に記載の模倣体または組成物。
- 前記哺乳動物がヒトである、請求項10から14のいずれかに記載の模倣体または組成物。
- 薬剤として許容される組成物として投与される、請求項10から15のいずれかに記載の模倣体または組成物。
- 経口、非経口、鼻腔内、舌下、直腸、または呼吸器の経路を介して、あるいは吸入剤、経皮パッチ、または凍結乾燥組成物により投与される、請求項10から16のいずれかに記載の模倣体または組成物。
- 0.01〜25mg/kg/日の量の前記模倣体が投与される、請求項10から17のいずれかに記載の模倣体または組成物。
- 0.1〜10mg/kg/日の量の前記模倣体が投与される、請求項10から18のいずれかに記載の模倣体または組成物。
- 0.2〜5mg/kg/日の量の前記模倣体が投与される、請求項10から19のいずれかに記載の模倣体または組成物。
- 1日当たり合計25〜1,000mgの用量の前記模倣体が投与される、請求項10から20のいずれかに記載の模倣体または組成物。
- 1日当たり合計150〜500mgの用量の前記模倣体が投与される、請求項10から21のいずれかに記載の模倣体または組成物。
- 1日当たり合計350mgの用量の前記模倣体が投与される、請求項10から21のいずれかに記載の模倣体または組成物。
- Fas受容体-Fasリガンド相互作用を阻害するための有効量存在し、前記Fas受容体-Fasリガンド相互作用を阻害するためにFas Lを暴露する、請求項1から7ののいずれかに記載の模倣体。
- FAS受容体が細胞の表面上に存在する、請求項24に記載の模倣体。
- 前記曝露をin vitroで行う、請求項24に記載の模倣体。
- 前記曝露をin vivoで行う、請求項24に記載の模倣体。
- 細胞表面上にFAS受容体を有する細胞を含む哺乳動物に投与される、請求項24から27のいずれかに記載の模倣体。
- 前記哺乳動物がヒトである、請求項28に記載の模倣体。
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US38330902P | 2002-05-23 | 2002-05-23 | |
US46594303P | 2003-04-28 | 2003-04-28 | |
PCT/US2003/016325 WO2003099845A2 (en) | 2002-05-23 | 2003-05-23 | Fas peptide mimetics and uses thereof |
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JP2005534641A JP2005534641A (ja) | 2005-11-17 |
JP4405916B2 true JP4405916B2 (ja) | 2010-01-27 |
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US (3) | US7288519B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1513543B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4405916B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE483466T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003233662B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2490542C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60334452D1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003099845A2 (ja) |
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WO2009089362A1 (en) * | 2008-01-08 | 2009-07-16 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Methods of treatment using agents for regulating fas receptor function in skin and hair related pathologies |
CA2735587A1 (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2010-03-04 | Astute Medical, Inc. | Methods and compositions for diagnosis and prognosis of renal injury and renal failure |
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EP3131922B1 (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2020-05-13 | INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) | Polypeptides and uses thereof for reducing cd95-mediated cell motility |
EP3375450B1 (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2023-06-28 | Industry - University Cooperation Foundation Hanyang University | Composition for preventing or treating an ischemic cerebrovascular disease through nasal administration |
CA3121901A1 (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2020-06-11 | Signet Biotech Inc. | Pharmaceutical composition, comprising inhibitory peptide against fas signaling, for prevention or treatment of obesity, fatty liver, or steatohepatitis |
CN110746485A (zh) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-02-04 | 天津科技大学 | 新型碱性蛋白酶抑制肽的筛选 |
CN111138513B (zh) * | 2020-01-06 | 2022-10-18 | 天津科技大学 | 谷氨酰胺转氨酶交联肽的筛选 |
WO2022086039A1 (ko) * | 2020-10-19 | 2022-04-28 | 주식회사 시그넷바이오텍 | Fas 신호전달 억제용 펩타이드를 포함하는 황반변성 예방 또는 치료용 조성물 |
KR20230057747A (ko) | 2021-10-22 | 2023-05-02 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | 세포사멸 억제 단백질을 포함하는 허혈성 뇌졸중 예방 또는 치료용 조성물 |
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DE60334452D1 (de) | 2010-11-18 |
WO2003099845A2 (en) | 2003-12-04 |
US8022176B2 (en) | 2011-09-20 |
US8680047B2 (en) | 2014-03-25 |
US7288519B2 (en) | 2007-10-30 |
JP2005534641A (ja) | 2005-11-17 |
EP1513543A4 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
WO2003099845A3 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
EP1513543B1 (en) | 2010-10-06 |
US20040132641A1 (en) | 2004-07-08 |
EP1513543A2 (en) | 2005-03-16 |
US20120245081A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
US20080153742A1 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
CA2490542C (en) | 2013-07-16 |
AU2003233662A1 (en) | 2003-12-12 |
AU2003233662B2 (en) | 2010-04-01 |
ATE483466T1 (de) | 2010-10-15 |
CA2490542A1 (en) | 2003-12-04 |
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