JP4373396B2 - 表示素子、表示素子駆動方法、および携帯用表示装置 - Google Patents
表示素子、表示素子駆動方法、および携帯用表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4373396B2 JP4373396B2 JP2005508788A JP2005508788A JP4373396B2 JP 4373396 B2 JP4373396 B2 JP 4373396B2 JP 2005508788 A JP2005508788 A JP 2005508788A JP 2005508788 A JP2005508788 A JP 2005508788A JP 4373396 B2 JP4373396 B2 JP 4373396B2
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- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
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- Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
Description
実公昭58−13515号公報「液晶表示装置」
特許文献4
特開平7−318912号公報「液晶パネル枠、液晶パネル体及び液晶ディスプレイ」
特許文献5
特許第3196744号公報「液晶表示素子とその製造方法」
これらの特許文献3、特許文献4、および特許文献5における液晶セル構造ではマトリクス構造を用いているため、開口率、すなわちセルの表面積の中で表示に有効な液晶が占める面積の割合が大きく設計され、柱状スペーサの面積を20%以上とするような発想は存在せず、液晶セルの耐久性の面では問題があった。
特表平6-507505号公報「液晶光変調デバイスと液晶物質」
図4はこのようなコレステリック液晶の駆動波形の説明図である。コレステリック液晶についてはその性質をさらに詳しく後述するが、基本的にプレーナ状態とフォーカルコニック状態との2つの安定状態を有する液晶である。プレーナ状態では、ある範囲の周波数の光を選択的に反射し、これに対してフォーカルコニック状態ではすべての光を透過する、すなわち透明状態となる。
また液晶2を用いる表示部はセグメント表示部であって、液晶注入道によってセグメント表示部の各セグメントに液晶が注入可能とされる。
また表示部2としての液晶と基板1との間に、各セグメントに注入された液晶の幅より小さい開口部以外を遮光する遮光層を備えることもでき、さらに2枚の基板のうちで、遮光層が表示部との間に備えられた基板と異なる基板と壁面材3との間に、光吸収層を備えることもできる。
また表示部2は、コレステリック液晶を用いる表示部であることもできる。
またプレーナ状態への駆動時におけるパルス電圧印加後の駆動インピーダンスの値は、液晶セルに蓄積された電荷の放電時間が、液晶セルがプレーナ状態に遷移するのに必要な時間の最大値以下となるような値とすることもできる。
さらに本発明の携帯用表示装置は、多層配線基板を用いるものであり、外部からデータおよび電力の供給を受けるためのアンテナパターンと、アンテナパターンに近接して設けられ、アンテナパターンに電流が流れたときに電磁誘導作用によって発生する電圧を表示用の電源電圧として利用するためのコイルパターンとが、多層配線基板の異なる層にそれぞれ設けられる。そして多層配線基板上で、アンテナパターンとコイルパターンとが配置される部分を2層以上、他の部品が配置される部分を1層以上とすることもできる。
一般にICカード、またはRF(ラジオ・フリケンシー)タグに液晶素子を用いる場合には、金額の数字や、ナンバー、記号などの数字、またはアルファベット、すなわちキャラクタ文字が使用される。数字であれば、7セグメントで1つの数字を表す方法が一般に用いられる。
ここで、セグメント基板、遮光マスク、壁面構造体は、表示の原型パターンを形成するため、高精度な位置合わせ技術が必要である。コモン基板である対向基板は、ベタ形状の光吸収層5とコモン電極なので、高精度な位置合わせは要求されない。図12における貼合後構造10を作成するためには、高精度な位置合わせ貼合工程を必要としないプロセス手法となる。
ICカードビジネス最前線 工業調査会(2000年11月)
1. CPUの有無による分類…CPUを内蔵しているか否かによって,「メモリカード」と「CPUカード」に分類できる。
・メモリカード:データを記憶するためのROMを内蔵しており,データの記憶量は,磁気カードの80文字に対し,500〜16000文字以上と格段に大きい。メモリには,PROM,EPROM,EEPROMなどが利用される。
・CPUカード:CPU内蔵のため,カード自身に演算機能がある。CPUでは,入力された暗証番号とカード内の暗証番号との照合や,データのアクセス許可の制御をおこなっている。そのため,不当アクセスや改ざんの防止機能があり,セキュリティ面にも非常に優れている。
2.インタフェースによる分類…外部とのインタフェースにより,「接触型カード」と「非接触型カード」に分類できる。
・接触型ICカード…カードの表面に金属の端子があり,ICカードをカードリーダ/ライタに挿入することで,リーダ/ライタから端子へ電力が供給され,情報のやり取りが行われる。現在,先行して普及されており,重い計算や安定した通信が特長である。
・非接触型ICカード…ICカードとICカードリーダ/ライタにアンテナを内蔵させて,電磁波を利用して情報のやり取りを行う。そのためにカード周辺部にアンテナを備えている。非接触型はICカードとリーダ/ライタとの通信距離によって,密着型(2mm),近接型(10cm),近傍型(1m),遠隔型(数m)の4つに分類される。非接触であるゆえ,操作性,耐久性に優れ,接触型と非接触型の両方を兼ね備えたハイブリッド型のカードもある。
ICカード内部に記録された情報を見るには,リーダ/ライタに設けられたディスプレイ等の表示部を利用する方法が現在も主流で,この方法ではICカードとリーダ/ライタとの接続が必要である。しかし近年,感熱発色型の材料を用いて印字消去を行う熱書き込み方式,あるいは磁性体を用いて印字消去を行う磁気書き込み方式がICカードに適用されているケースがあり,プリベイドカードやポイントカードとして利用されている。次の非特許文献2に感熱発色型の代表的な方式としてロイコ染料を用いたリライタブル記録媒体が記載されている。
松井,鳥居,古屋,筒井:「ロイコ染料型リライタブル記録媒体の発色・消色特性制御」,Japan Hardcopy 2000 論文集,P.69−72
しかしながら,上記の表示方式は,表示品質が低明度,低コントラストで,視認性が悪い。また,いずれもサーマルヘッドや磁気ヘッド等で記録部に直接接触して表示が行われるものであり,表示の書き換えを行うには書き込み部を備えたリーダ/ライタにカードを差し込まなければならない。上記の表示方式は,将来の主流となり得る非接触ICカードへの適用は不向きであり,非接触ICカードへの情報の表示には,電力駆動による表示方式が有望である。このような電力駆動による表示方式として、前述のコレステリック液晶の利用が有望である。そこでコレステリック液晶の駆動方式などについてさらに説明する。
反射帯域Δλは液晶の屈折率異方性Δnの増加につれて大きくなる。
図20はフォーカルコニック状態を示す。この状態では入射光のほとんどが透過され、透明状態となる。したがって液晶層の下に任意の色の層を設けると、フォーカルコニック状態ではその色を表示させることができる。そこで例えばプレーナ状態の反射光の波長帯域を550nm付近とし、液晶層の下に光吸収層(黒)を設けることにより、背景色黒の上で緑色の単色表示を行なうことができる。
これに対して図26に示されるフォーカルコニック駆動の波形では、図4と異なって40Vの波高値を持つ+、−のパルスの後に電源回路がハイインピーダンス状態とされる。すなわちフォーカルコニック状態に駆動する場合には、プレーナ状態に駆動するパルスと同じパルスを印加した後に、−40Vを印加した状態で駆動回路をハイインピーダンスにする制御が行われる。
しかしながら前述のように、ICカードとしての一般的な使用例であるクレジットカードやキャッシュカードなどには、エンボス加工、すなわち数字や文字のパンチが機械的に行われ、このためアンテナパターンとコイルパターンとを接近させてICカード上に適切に配置することが難しいという問題点があったが、本実施形態においては多層配線基板を利用して、コイルパターンとアンテナパターンとを異なる層に設けることによって、この問題点を解決する。
Claims (2)
- 対向する2枚の基板の間に壁面構造体を配置し、該壁面構造体は、前記2枚の基板に垂直な壁面を有するとともに、該壁面と垂直な面が基板と接着され、
前記2枚の基板間の前記壁面構造体の前記壁面に囲まれる領域に液晶道が形成され、該液晶道は、複数の8の文字を形成する液晶道と前記複数の8の文字を形成する液晶道間を連結する液晶の注入道とを含み、
前記複数の8の文字を形成する液晶道は、8の文字を横一列に配列させるように形成され、
前記液晶の注入道は、隣接する8の文字を形成する液晶道間を一本の注入道で連結しており、隣接する8の文字を形成する液晶道の8の文字の縦方向一方端同士を連結する液晶の注入道と、隣接する8の文字を形成する液晶道の8の文字の縦方向他方端同士を連結する液晶の注入道とが、8の文字の配列方向に沿って交互に並ぶことを特徴とする表示素子。 - 対向する2枚の基板の間に壁面構造体を配置し、該壁面構造体は、前記2枚の基板に垂直な壁面を有するとともに、該壁面と垂直な面が基板と接着され、
前記2枚の基板間の前記壁面構造体の前記壁面に囲まれる領域に液晶道が形成され、該液晶道は、複数の8の文字を形成する液晶道と前記複数の8の文字を形成する液晶道間を連結する液晶の注入道とを含み、
前記複数の8の文字を形成する液晶道は、8の文字を横一列に配列させるように形成され、
前記液晶の注入道は、隣接する8の文字を形成する液晶道間を、その8の文字の縦方向一方端または他方端と縦方向中間との間の位置同士において一本の注入道で連結しており、隣接する8の文字を形成する液晶道の前記の一方端と中間の間の位置同士を連結する液晶の注入道と、隣接する8の文字を形成する液晶道の前記他方端と中間の間の位置同士を連結する液晶の注入道とが、8の文字の配列方向に沿って交互に並ぶことを特徴とする表示素子。
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