JP4364122B2 - 内燃機関の作動方法 - Google Patents
内燃機関の作動方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4364122B2 JP4364122B2 JP2004527535A JP2004527535A JP4364122B2 JP 4364122 B2 JP4364122 B2 JP 4364122B2 JP 2004527535 A JP2004527535 A JP 2004527535A JP 2004527535 A JP2004527535 A JP 2004527535A JP 4364122 B2 JP4364122 B2 JP 4364122B2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/40—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces by means of fluid
- F16J15/42—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces by means of fluid kept in sealing position by centrifugal force
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
- F02B1/12—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with compression ignition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
- F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
- F02B29/0406—Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit
- F02B29/0418—Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit the intake air cooler having a bypass or multiple flow paths within the heat exchanger to vary the effective heat transfer surface
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/04—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump
- F02B37/10—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump at least one pump being alternatively or simultaneously driven by exhaust and other drive, e.g. by pressurised fluid from a reservoir or an engine-driven pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
- F02B37/14—Control of the alternation between or the operation of exhaust drive and other drive of a pump, e.g. dependent on speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
- F02B39/02—Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
- F02B39/08—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio
- F02B39/10—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio electric
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02D23/00—Controlling engines characterised by their being supercharged
- F02D23/02—Controlling engines characterised by their being supercharged the engines being of fuel-injection type
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- F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
- F02D35/025—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining temperatures inside the cylinder, e.g. combustion temperatures
- F02D35/026—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining temperatures inside the cylinder, e.g. combustion temperatures using an estimation
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
- F02D41/0007—Controlling intake air for control of turbo-charged or super-charged engines
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- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M7/00—Carburettors with means for influencing, e.g. enriching or keeping constant, fuel/air ratio of charge under varying conditions
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- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/34—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
- F16J15/3436—Pressing means
- F16J15/3448—Pressing means the pressing force resulting from fluid pressure
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- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2340/00—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses
- F01N2340/04—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses characterised by the arrangement of an exhaust pipe, manifold or apparatus in relation to vehicle frame or particular vehicle parts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2340/00—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses
- F01N2340/06—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses characterised by the arrangement of the exhaust apparatus relative to the turbine of a turbocharger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
- F01N2430/06—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by varying fuel-air ratio, e.g. by enriching fuel-air mixture
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/04—Engine intake system parameters
- F02D2200/0406—Intake manifold pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
- F02D41/005—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] according to engine operating conditions
- F02D41/0052—Feedback control of engine parameters, e.g. for control of air/fuel ratio or intake air amount
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
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- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1439—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
- F02D41/144—Sensor in intake manifold
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
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- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/3011—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion
- F02D41/3017—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used
- F02D41/3035—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used a mode being the premixed charge compression-ignition mode
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
- F02M26/08—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines for engines having two or more intake charge compressors or exhaust gas turbines, e.g. a turbocharger combined with an additional compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
- F02M26/15—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system in relation to engine exhaust purifying apparatus
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- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
- F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
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- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/35—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with means for cleaning or treating the recirculated gases, e.g. catalysts, condensate traps, particle filters or heaters
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/45—Sensors specially adapted for EGR systems
- F02M26/46—Sensors specially adapted for EGR systems for determining the characteristics of gases, e.g. composition
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
Description
図2は、本発明の第1の実施の形態における、オクタン価が比較的低く、セタン価が比較的高いことを特徴とする燃料、すなわち、従来のディーゼル燃料の類いの比較的自己着火温度が低い燃料で動作する温度制御式の内燃機関22を示す図である。第1の実施の形態(及びすべての実施の形態)において、最終燃焼温度(T3 )は、NOX の生成を最小限に抑えるために約2000〔°K〕以下に制御される。最終燃焼温度T3 の制御は、(1)給気圧の制御、及び(2)最終圧縮温度(T2 )の制御によって行われるが、それぞれについては、後に詳しく説明する。第1の実施の形態において、内燃機関22は、ディーゼル機関の従来の圧縮比で、すなわち、約16:1〜20:1の範囲内で作動させられる。自己着火は、燃料の噴射の際に起こるので、自己着火が起こる位置は、燃料噴射のタイミングを制御することによって変更される。好ましくは、TDCの直後〜TDCの後のクランク角度約15〔°〕の範囲でピークシリンダ圧力が生成されるように、燃料噴射のタイミングが約20〔°〕BTDC(上死点前角度)からTDC近くになるように制御される。
与圧の制御
給気は、圧縮機19を流れて圧縮される。圧縮機19は、単段圧縮機でもよいし、二つ、又は複数の圧縮機を並列又は直列に並べてもよい。前記圧縮機19は、主に、制御された与圧レベルを吸気マニホールド21に提供するために排気ガスエキスパンダ・モータ (expander motor) 27によって駆動される。与圧レベルは、与圧給気圧力センサ31によって測定される。コントローラ26は、与圧を制御するために前記排気ガスエキスパンダ・モータ27に適切な信号を送る。オプションの電気モータ又は油圧モータ28を使用し、該油圧モータ28をコントローラ26で制御して与圧レベルを素早く変化させ、排気ガスエキスパンダ・モータ27が素早くトルク応答をすることができるように支援することができるが、これは、トルクが与圧レベルに依存し、該与圧レベルが、前述されたように、制御された温度の燃焼のために制御されるからである。したがって、前記コントローラ26は、過渡状態、排気ガスエキスパンダ・モータ27が単独で十分な与圧を供給することができない動作状態等において、モータ28に適切な信号を送り、与圧レベルを制御する。
給気温度の制御
圧縮された給気の第1の部分は、熱交換器20を通って吸気マニホールド21まで流れる。前記熱交換器20の周りには、バイパス管路60及びバイパス制御弁61が配設され、コントローラ26は、制御弁61を調整し、圧縮された給気の第2の部分を調整し、給気温度(T1 )を制御する。給気温度T1 は温度センサ30によって測定され、コントローラ26に入力される。熱交換器20は、給気を冷却するか(本実施の形態においては通常モード)、或いは給気温度を所望のレベルに制御するために必要に応じて給気を加熱する「冷却装置」として機能する。熱交換器20に使用される熱交換媒体は、周囲の空気、機関冷却剤、排気ガス等とすることができる。
O2 濃度の制御
直接燃料噴射装置23と共にオプションのポート燃料噴射装置53を使用して、粒子状物質の生成を最小限に抑え、かつ、燃料噴射レベルを素早く調整することができる。オプションの酸素センサ25’を使用して、排気酸素センサ25に基づいて計算された(又は、「予想された」)酸素吸入レベルに依るより早い制御信号として、給気中の酸素濃度を直接に測定することができる。酸素濃度信号は、排気ガス再循環(EGR)、すなわち、弁12’の制御に使用される。代替として、給気酸素濃度は、排気酸素濃度、燃料噴射量、並びに給気与圧レベル及び温度に基づいて決定することができる。また、オプションの給気質量流量センサ29は、一層早く、かつ、一層高精度の機関制御の実現、すなわち、機関トルク出力を決定する機関燃料供給量の制御に使用することができ、吸い込み給気酸素濃度を決定する(すなわち、計算する)際の間接的なセンサとして使用することができる。給気は、通常の弁(図示せず)を通って従来通り燃焼室(図示せず)に入り、排気ガスは、通常の弁(図示せず)を通って燃焼室から出て、排気マニホールド24を通り機関22から出る。排出微粒子トラップ酸化剤54は、任意の粒子状排出物を除去し、触媒51は、残留(未燃)燃料と一酸化炭素とを酸化させる。速度センサ32によって機関回転速度がコントローラ26に提供される。加速ペダルセンサ33によってトルク指令レベルがコントローラ26に提供される。
第2の実施の形態
次に、図2を参照して、本発明の第2の実施の形態について説明する。第2の実施の形態において、制御された温度の内燃機関22は、オクタン価が比較的高く、セタン価が比較的低い特性を有する燃料、すなわち、従来のガソリン燃料の類いの比較的高い自己着火温度を有する燃料によって、ディーゼル機関と同等の効率で動作する。従来のガソリン燃料で動作するが、本実施の形態おいては、従来のガソリン機関と異なり、一般に12〜19.5:1、好ましくは、少なくとも14:1、更に好ましくは、少なくとも16:1の高い圧縮比を使用する。さらに、本実施の形態においては、均一な燃焼のために、すなわち燃料及び給気の予混合チャージを利用することによって、自己着火前に燃料及び給気を混合すること(一般に、圧縮TDC前30〔°〕のクランク角度までに行われる混合)を特徴とする。
給気酸素濃度の制御
着火前に燃料及び給気が予混合されているという性質のため、燃料及び給気があらかじめよく混合されているので、第1の実施の形態と同様、混合物中に燃焼発生熱を分散させるためにEGRを利用して吸込み給気酸素濃度を下げる必要がない。しかしながら、本実施の形態においては、後に詳細に述べるように、自己着火開始を支援するために給気酸素の濃度を制御し、かつ、ピーク燃焼シリンダ圧力の位置をTDC直後からTDC後約15〔°〕のクランク角度の最適な範囲内に制御するために、EGRが使用される。NOの生成を制限するためにT3 (ピーク燃焼温度)を制御する点については、第1の実施の形態と同じである。
T2 の制御
第2の実施の形態の作動方法は、更に、前述されたようにT2 (最終圧縮温度)及び給気酸素濃度を一層厳密に制御して、自己着火を確実にし、かつ、ピーク燃焼シリンダ圧力の位置(すなわち、燃焼シリンダ圧力上昇率又はピーク燃焼シリンダ圧力レベル)を制御する必要性により、第1の実施の形態と区別される。自己着火及び高速燃焼の開始は、Cx を定数、[HC]を燃料の濃度、[O2 ]を酸素の濃度、expを定数、Tを混合物の絶対温度とすると、一般に、以下のように示される。
第3の実施の形態
本発明の第3の実施の形態も、また、ディーゼルと同様の効率を提供する。ただし、スパーク手段又は類似の制御された着火手段を備えた、メタノール又はエタノール及び特定のガソリン等の極めて高いオクタン燃料(リサーチオクタン価が90を超え、一層好ましくは100を超える。)の予混合装置を利用する機関においてそのような効率を提供するものである。本発明の作動方法は、自己着火を回避するために、給気中の圧縮温度T2及び酸素濃度を制御するために利用され、高圧縮機関において高い効率を達成するために、最適な時間に着火源が給気燃料混合物に着火することを可能にする。圧縮比は、15:1〜20:1であることが好ましく、約19:1以上であることが更に好ましい。そのような機関の場合、すべての機関の特徴は、要素23がスパークプラグ23”になることを除き、前に図2について説明したものと同じである。前述された実施の形態のように、T2 は、T1 及び与圧を制御することによって制御される。
12 弁
14 排気ガス流制御弁
17 排気ガス冷却装置
18 排気管路
19 圧縮機
20 熱交換器
22 内燃機関
23 直接シリンダ燃料噴射装置
26 コントローラ
81 ラジエータ
Claims (16)
- 周囲の空気を少なくとも一つの圧縮機に吸い込んで与圧した給気を提供し、給気の吸込温度を目標給気温度にした後、給気を内燃機関に導く段階と、
燃料と給気との混合物を目標燃焼温度で燃焼させるために、内燃機関に燃料を導入し、排気ガスを生成する段階と、
トルク要求量を含む機関動作状態を検出する段階と、
燃焼温度を2100〔°K〕未満の目標燃焼温度に維持するために、検出したトルク要求量の変化に比例して与圧を変化させる段階とを有することを特徴とする内燃機関の作動方法。 - 前記目標燃焼温度は2000〔°K〕未満にされる請求項1に記載の内燃機関の作動方法。
- 給気の第1の部分を熱交換のために熱交換器内に通し、給気の第2の部分を前記熱交換器の周りのバイパス管路にバイパスさせる段階と、
前記バイパス管路と熱交換器の下流の給気の吸込温度を検出する段階と、
検出された吸込温度を目標給気温度にするために、熱交換器をバイパスする前記第2の部分の量をバイパス管路の制御弁の操作によって制御する段階とを有する請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関の作動方法。 - 前記給気及び燃料との混合のために排気ガスの一部分を再循環させる段階と、
混合物中の酸素濃度を検出する段階と、
検出された酸素濃度を機関動作状態に関して目標酸素濃度にするために、再循環される排気ガスの前記一部分を調整する段階とを更に有する請求項3に記載の内燃機関の作動方法。 - 与圧を検出する段階と、
検出された給気吸込温度及び検出された与圧に応じて内燃機関への機関燃料供給量を制御する段階とを更に有する請求項4に記載の内燃機関の作動方法。 - 前記給気及び燃料との混合のために排気ガスの一部分を再循環させる段階と、
混合物中の酸素濃度を検出する段階と、
検出された酸素濃度を機関動作状態に関して決定された目標酸素濃度にするために、再循環される排気ガスの前記一部分を調整する段階とを更に有する請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関の作動方法。 - 与圧を検出する段階と、
検出された給気吸込温度及び検出された与圧に応じて内燃機関内への機関燃料供給量を制御する段階とを更に有する請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関の作動方法。 - 前記燃料が給気中に含まれるようにするために、少なくとも一つの圧縮機の上流又は下流で、燃料が周囲の空気に導入される請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関の作動方法。
- 内燃機関からラジエータに、機関冷却剤を流量Fで循環させることによって、給気と接触している機関表面を冷却する段階と、
前記流量Fを機関回転速度及び負荷の変化に応じて制御する段階とを更に有する請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関の作動方法。 - ラジエータに前記機関冷却剤を循環させる段階と、
前記ラジエータ内の通路の機関冷却剤の冷却を、機関回転速度及び負荷の変化に応じて制御する段階とを有する請求項9に記載の内燃機関の作動方法。 - 内燃機関からラジエータに、機関冷却剤を循環させることによって、給気と接触している機関表面を冷却する段階と、
前記ラジエータ内の通路の機関冷却の冷却剤を、機関回転速度及び負荷の変化に応じて制御する段階とを更に有する請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関の作動方法。 - 前記燃料はディーゼル燃料であり、前記燃料が内燃機関のシリンダに導入されたときに自己着火が起こる請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関の作動方法。
- 前記内燃機関は少なくとも12:1の圧縮比で動作し、前記燃料がガソリンである内燃機関の作動方法において、
給気及び燃料との混合のために排気ガスの一部分を再循環させる段階と、
ピークシリンダ圧力を検出する段階と、
給気中の酸素濃度を検出する段階と、
自己着火及びピークシリンダ圧力を燃焼サイクルの所定の位置の範囲内で生成するために、給気中の酸素濃度に対応させて、再循環される排気ガスの一部分を調整する段階とを有する請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関の作動方法。 - 前記燃焼サイクルにおける前記所定の位置が、TDC直後からTDC後約15〔度〕の範囲内である請求項13に記載の内燃機関の作動方法。
- 前記圧縮比は15:1〜20:1であり、前記燃料は90以上のオクタン価を有し、燃焼イベントの位置はスパークタイミングによって制御され、自己着火が、与圧、給気中の酸素濃度、及び給気温度の制御によって防止される請求項4に記載の内燃機関の作動方法。
- 与圧された給気を提供するために少なくとも一つの圧縮機に周囲の空気を吸い込み、内燃機関に与圧された給気を導入する段階と、
給気と混合させて燃焼させるために内燃機関に燃料を導入し、排気ガスを生成する段階と、
トルク要求量を検出する段階と、
比率Hc/cvMを一定の値に維持するために、与圧を、検出されたトルク要求量の変化に比例させて変化させる段階とを有するとともに、
Hcは燃焼熱、cvは給気の混合物の比熱、Mは給気の質量であることを特徴とする内燃機関の作動方法。
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EP1534942A4 (en) | 2010-04-28 |
CA2491390A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
CN100467839C (zh) | 2009-03-11 |
WO2004015255A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
JP2005535823A (ja) | 2005-11-24 |
CA2491390C (en) | 2010-10-19 |
JP2008185041A (ja) | 2008-08-14 |
EP1534942A1 (en) | 2005-06-01 |
KR20050034718A (ko) | 2005-04-14 |
AU2003224703B2 (en) | 2008-10-02 |
KR101007495B1 (ko) | 2011-01-12 |
AU2003224703A1 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
US6651432B1 (en) | 2003-11-25 |
EP1534942B1 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
CN1675456A (zh) | 2005-09-28 |
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