JP4350042B2 - 腫瘍等を治療するための装置ならびに腫瘍の治療のための装置を備えた製品 - Google Patents
腫瘍等を治療するための装置ならびに腫瘍の治療のための装置を備えた製品 Download PDFInfo
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- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
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Description
American Books, 1986, p. 149、を参照されたい)。間期フェーズにおいては、細胞は、染色体DNAを複製する。染色体DNAは、初期フェーズの初期において凝集し始める。この時点においては、中心小体(各細胞が、2つのものを備えている)は、細胞の両端の極に向けて移動し始める。初期フェーズの中期においては、各染色体が、複製の染色分体から構成される。微小管スピンドルが、中心小体に隣接している極寄りの領域から放射される。初期フェーズの後期までに、中心小体は、極に既に到達している。また、いくつかのスピンドルファイバが、細胞の中心まで延出される。その一方で、他のスピンドルファイバは、極から染色分体までにわたって延在している。その後、細胞は、細胞分裂の中期フェーズへと移行する。この中期フェーズにおいては、染色体が、細胞の赤道に向けて移動し、赤道平面内において整列する。その次は、有糸分裂の後期フェーズの初期である。この初期においては、娘染色分体どうしが、赤道上において互いと離間し、両方の極に位置した中心小体に向けて、スピンドルファイバに沿って移動する。細胞は、極の軸に沿って延び始める。極から極へのスピンドルも、また延在している。後期フェーズの後期においては、娘染色体(それらがそう称されないときには)の各々が、それぞれ対応する極に対して到達する。この時点において、細胞の赤道のところにおいて分裂溝が形成され始めるにつれて、細胞質分裂が、始まる。言い換えれば、有糸分裂の後期フェーズの後期においては、細胞膜のピンチングが始まる。終期フェーズにおいては、細胞質分裂は、ほとんど完了しており、スピンドルが消滅する。比較的狭い細胞膜連結が、2つの細胞質を連結している。最後に、細胞膜が完全に分離し、細胞質分裂が、完了し、また、細胞は、間期フェーズへと戻る。
Y. Palti, Changes in fraction of current penetrating an axon as a function of
duration of stimulating pulse, J. Theor. Biol. 41; 401-407 (1973))。
G. van den Engh, Biophys. J. 74, 1024-1030, 1998 という文献に記載されている。この文献の記載内容は、参考のため、その全体がここに組み込まれる。
ピーダンスが所望されたときには、電気容量は、約10−10F の程度であるべきである。このことは、2〜3という誘電率を有しかつ絶縁層(310)の厚さが約50〜100μmというような標準的な絶縁体を使用することを意味する。10倍強い内部電界は、約20〜50という誘電率を有した絶縁体を使用すれば、得られるであろう。
上記特性を有した電界(例えば、50KHz〜500KHzという周波数)が、腫瘍細胞の破壊に際して、有効であることを実証するために、電界を、悪性黒色腫瘍を有したハツカネズミを治療するために印加した。2対をなす絶縁導体(230)を、対応する一対の悪性黒色腫上に配置した。一対の電極だけを、電源(210)に対して接続し、200KHzを交流電界(TC電界)を、6日間にわたって、腫瘍に対して印加した。1つの黒色腫瘍は、治療されていない。このため、治療した腫瘍と、治療していない腫瘍と、の間にわたって比較を行うことができる。6日間にわたる治療後に、マウスのうちの、治療されていない方の腫瘍に関しては、着色された黒色腫瘍が、明瞭に視認可能に残っていた。一方、対照的に、マウスのうちの、治療された方の腫瘍に関しては、一切の腫瘍を視認することができなかった。皮膚上で認識可能に視認された唯一の領域は、絶縁導体(230)の挿入ポイントを示す痕跡であった。治療した方の腫瘍が除去されたという事実は、皮膚をカットし、皮膚の内面を露出し得るように皮膚をひっくり返すことによって、さらに確認した。これにより、マウスのうちの治療した方の腫瘍に関しては、腫瘍が、完全ではないかもしれないが、実質的に除去されたことが、示された。治療の成功は、また、病理学的検査によっても、確認された。
540)に対して接触していることにより、頭(502)を剃ることが望ましい。これにより、接着リム(560)を、皮膚表面(540)に対して面一に配置することができる。
12 分裂溝
18 細胞
20 細胞
22 ブリッジ(細胞内メンブラン)
28 電極
32 電極
200 電子装置
210 電源
220 導電性リード線
230 絶縁導体
270 介在フィラー、導電性ゲル部材
300 皮膚パッチ
340 疎なネット
350 薄い導電性コーティング
500 衣類製品、帽子
530 バイアス機構
540 ユニット
550 開口
560 接着部材
600 プローブ
700 ブラジャー
800 バイアス機構
900 カラー部材
1100 導体(第3導体)
1200 第1絶縁電極
1210 第2絶縁電極
1400 導体(第3導体)
Claims (17)
- 生体組織のターゲット領域内の分裂細胞を選択的に破壊するための装置であって、
前記分裂細胞が、分極可能なあるいは極性を有したあるいは帯電を有した細胞内メンブランを有している場合に、
前記装置が、
第1導体を有した第1絶縁電極と;
第2導体を有した第2絶縁電極と;
前記第1および第2絶縁電極に対して接続されていて、前記第1導体と前記第2導体との間にわたって交流電圧を印加し得るものとされ、これにより、前記分裂細胞の破壊を誘起する状況を形成する、電界生成源と;
前記第1および第2絶縁電極の一方と皮膚表面との間に配置されたフィラー材料から形成された介在部材であるとともに、前記フィラー材料が大きな導電率を有したものとされた、介在部材と;
この介在部材の内部に配置された第3導体であるとともに、前記介在部材の前記フィラー材料によって完全に囲まれており、さらに、浮遊電位とされた第3導体と;
を具備していることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1記載の装置において、
後期フェーズの後期または終期フェーズの状態にある分裂細胞を通して電界を印加することにより、前記電界が、前記分裂細胞の分裂溝の領域のところに大きな電界強度を有した非一様電界へと、変換され、
前記分裂細胞内に形成された前記非一様電界が、前記分裂溝に向けて分極可能な細胞内成分を移動させ得るに十分な強度を有していることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1記載の装置において、
前記介在部材の内部に配置された前記第3導体が、フラットな導電性プレートを備えていることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1記載の装置において、
前記第3導体の長さが、前記第1および第2導体の各長さと比較して、同じかあるいはほぼ同じとされていることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1記載の装置において、
さらに、
前記電界生成源に対して、前記第1絶縁電極を操作可能に接続する第1導電性リード線と;
前記電界生成源に対して、前記第2絶縁電極を操作可能に接続する第2導電性リード線と;
を具備していることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1記載の装置において、
前記第1絶縁電極が、前記第1導体に対して接触した第1誘電性部材を有し、
この第1誘電性部材が、生体組織に接触して配置され、これにより、キャパシタが形成され、
前記第2絶縁電極が、前記第2導体に対して接触した第2誘電性部材を有し、
この第2誘電性部材が、生体組織に接触して配置され、これにより、キャパシタが形成されていることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1記載の装置において、
前記交流電圧が、50KHz〜500KHzという周波数を有していることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1記載の装置において、
前記第1絶縁電極が、第1サイズを有し、
前記第2絶縁電極が、前記第1サイズよりも大きな第2サイズを有し、
前記第1絶縁電極に関連した前記介在部材が、前記第2絶縁電極に関連した前記介在部材よりも小さなサイズのものとされていることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項8記載の装置において、
前記第1絶縁電極の近傍の電界が、前記第1絶縁電極と前記第2絶縁電極との間の他の場所における電界と比較して、より大きな電界密度を有していることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項9記載の装置において、
前記電界が、前記第1絶縁電極に向けて内向きのテーパー形状とされていることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1記載の装置において、
前記フィラー材料が、ヒドロゲルとゼラチンと天草との中の少なくとも1つの材料から形成されたゲルを備えていることを特徴とする装置。 - 生体組織のターゲット領域内の分裂細胞を選択的に破壊するための装置であって、
前記分裂細胞が、分極可能なあるいは極性を有したあるいは帯電を有した細胞内メンブランを有している場合に、
前記装置が、
第1導体を有した第1絶縁電極と;
第2導体を有した第2絶縁電極と;
前記第1および第2絶縁電極に対して接続されていて、前記第1導体と前記第2導体との間にわたって交流電圧を印加し得るものとされ、これにより、前記分裂細胞の選択的な破壊を誘起する状況を形成する、電界生成源と;
前記ターゲット領域の近傍において生体組織の内部に配置された第3導体であるとともに、前記第1および第2絶縁電極の間に配置され、前記ターゲット領域における電界を増大させ得るものとされた、第3導体と;
を具備していることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項12記載の装置において、
さらに、器官の周囲に配置された導電性保護部材を具備し、
この導電性保護部材が、前記電界生成源によって生成された電界の影響から前記器官をシールドして前記器官を保護することを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項13記載の装置において、
前記導電性保護部材が、導電性部材から形成されたネットを有し、
このネットが、保護対象をなす前記器官の少なくとも一部の周囲に配置されていることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項12記載の装置において、
前記各絶縁電極が、導体と、この導体に対して接触した誘電性部材と、を有し、
この誘電性部材が、生体組織に接触して配置され、これにより、キャパシタが形成されていることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項12記載の装置において、
前記フィラー材料が、ヒドロゲルとゼラチンと天草との中の少なくとも1つの材料から形成されたゲルを備えていることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項16記載の装置において、
前記ゲルが、内部に溶解された塩を有し、
これにより、前記ゲルの導電率が増大されていることを特徴とする装置。
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US10/315,576 US6868289B2 (en) | 2002-10-02 | 2002-12-10 | Apparatus for treating a tumor or the like and articles incorporating the apparatus for treatment of the tumor |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2018147308A1 (ja) * | 2017-02-10 | 2018-08-16 | 協栄ハイパーサーミア株式会社 | 高周波温熱治療装置 |
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