JP4323806B2 - 反応可変要素の特徴付け - Google Patents
反応可変要素の特徴付け Download PDFInfo
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- JP4323806B2 JP4323806B2 JP2002573674A JP2002573674A JP4323806B2 JP 4323806 B2 JP4323806 B2 JP 4323806B2 JP 2002573674 A JP2002573674 A JP 2002573674A JP 2002573674 A JP2002573674 A JP 2002573674A JP 4323806 B2 JP4323806 B2 JP 4323806B2
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Description
(a)レセプター−リガンド相互作用に基づく新規医薬候補物質、および
(b)アフィニティーアッセイ、アフィニティークロマトグラフィーなどのための新規リガンド候補物質、
の化合物のスクリーニングライブラリーのためのリガンドおよびバインダーの新規組合せを見出すために使用されてきた。
マイクロスケール法は、また、特定のアフィニティー複合体の形成または解離の条件を最適化するため、あるいは、他の理由でアフィニティー対応物を選択する場合に、示唆されてきた。
反応可変要素は、主に次の2種:すなわち1)a)存在および/または非存在を含む量、およびb)親和性を含むアフィニティー反応物質の性質、のサブグループを有するアフィニティー反応物質に関連する可変要素、ならびに2)反応条件である。
第1の目的は、特異的なアフィニティー結合および固相への捕捉に基づくアッセイ方法を用いることにより、複数の試料中の被検体の量を定量する、改良されたマイクロスケール法を提供することである。
本発明者らは、上の「技術分野」に記載した方法が、
(a)流動が共通の流動制御下にある2またはそれ以上のマイクロチャンネル構造を含んでなるマイクロ流体デバイスを利用すること、ならびに
(b)少なくとも2つのマイクロチャンネル構造において流動条件下でアフィニティー複合体を形成させること、および使用された個々のマイクロチャンネル構造中の反応微小空洞において流動条件下で形成された、固定化形態のアフィニティー複合体を保持すること、
により改善され得ることを認めた。
(a)有意な圧力差を生み出す個々のマイクロチャンネル構造における反応微小空洞の下流の、流動制限手段、
(b)有意な圧力差を生み出すための個々のマイクロチャンネル構造の、所望の部分、例えば、反応微小空洞または反応微小空洞の下流付近に配置された、多孔性マトリックス、
(c)反応微小空洞における不均一粒子(polysized particle)の代わりの均一粒子(monosized particle)の充填床、
(d)特に流動開始時、ならびに/または、液体が分岐および湾曲部を通過するとき、流動抵抗におけるチャンネル間変動を克服するために流れを増加させるパルス、
(e)反応微小空洞から排液を引き入れる引出し微小導管の引出し口の下流かつ近位の、内部エッジにおける抗排出手段、
(f)反応微小空洞における過剰の固相アフィニティー反応物質(例えば、バインダー(固定された反応物質))、
(g)反応微小空洞における複合体の形成のために、0.010秒以上の滞留時間を達成する流速を選択すること、
を認めた。
有意な圧力差は、流動抵抗におけるチャンネル間変動と関連している。
本発明は、少なくとも1つの反応可変要素を特徴付けるためのマイクロスケール法である。本方法は、最初のパラグラフにおいて一般的に定義されている。特徴付けの特徴は、4つの工程:
工程(i):共通の流動制御下にある複数のマイクロチャンネル構造を含んでなるマイクロ流体デバイスを提供すること。個々の構造は、アフィニティー複合体を保持するための反応微小空洞を含んでなる。
工程(ii):個々の2またはそれ以上の複数のマイクロチャンネル構造において本質的に平行に実験を行うこと。個々の実験は:
(a)固定された形態の複合体を形成させること、および流動条件下にて反応微小空洞内でこの形態を保持すること、または
(b)反応微小空洞内で固定された形態の複合体を解離させること、
を含んでなる。
言及された反応可変要素は、2またはそれ以上の実験に関して、異なり、そして/または特徴付けされていない。他の反応可変要素は、本質的に一定に維持される。解離は、典型的には、流動条件下で行われる。(b)における固定化形態は、工程(ii)の前に導入される。保持された複合体の形成は、リガンドおよびバインダーの導入の関数である。
工程(iii):個々の当該2またはそれ以上のマイクロチャンネル構造中の反応微小空洞における複合体の提示を測定すること、
工程(iv):工程(iii)において測定された提示値に基づく少なくとも1つの反応可変要素を特徴付けすること、
を含んでなる。
「共通の流動制御」なる用語は、液流のための駆動力がマイクロチャンネル構造(構造1)の一部分に適用された場合、該デバイスの個々の他のマイクロチャンネル構造の対応部分における液流のための駆動力も適用され得ることを意味する。個々のチャンネルにおける駆動力は、同一の発生源、例えば、遠心力が駆動力である場合には、回転、に由来する。さらに、1つのマイクロチャンネル構造における駆動力の増加または減少は、他のマイクロチャンネル構造における増加または減少と平行である。その力のサイズ(および液体の流速)は、共通の流動制御が適用された異なるマイクロチャンネル構造間で異なり得る。例えば、遠心力に基づくシステムにおいては、マイクロチャンネル構造の設計は異なり得、そして/または、マイクロチャンネル構造は異なる半径距離に配置され得る。
本発明は、主として、マイクロチャンネル構造が、対称軸を有する基板(マイクロ流体デバイス)中に存在する幾何学的配置を意図する。次いで、個々のマイクロチャンネル構造は、対称軸に対して外側に方向付けられる、すなわち、
(a)反応微小空洞が、該反応微小空洞へと液体を送達する構造ユニットも含む下位構造の一部であり、そして
(b)後者のユニットは、反応微小空洞よりも短い半径距離に位置し、そして引入れポートと連絡している。
(a)被検体、および/または
(b)マイクロチャンネル間で変動するグループ2の反応可変要素、および/または
(c)高い正確性で送達されなければならない他の任意の試薬
を含む液体アリコートを意味する。
タイプ(a)および(b)のアリコートを、アリコート1と呼ぶ。
(a)100μmの深度および250μmの幅を有する反応微小空洞(104)、
(b)10μmの深度、20μmの幅および4.56mmの長さを有する引出し微小導管(105)、
が導かれる(図1−2)。
マイクロチャンネル構造の他の部分は、100μmの深度を有する。
(a)液体がマイクロチャンネル構造中へと導入されたときに「デッドエンド」において生じ得る過剰圧力を一様にするか、または
(b)一定の位置で流れを遮る
のに適した位置に存在し得る。
反応微小空洞(104)の外形は、好ましくは、連続的に広くおよび/または狭くなっていてもよい直線型マイクロチャンネルである。反応微小空洞の壁の少なくとも一部は、複合体の提示の測定のために使用される原理に関して、透明である。
マイクロチャンネル構造は、また、
(1)引入れポートを介して導入された液体アリコートからの、粒状物質の分離、
(2)例えば、反応微小空洞の上流での、アフィニティー複合体の形成のために混合すること、および
(3)(a)反応微小空洞を通過した反応物質、または(b)反応微小空洞において形成された複合体から遊離した成分、の検出
を可能にする、個別または組合せユニットを含み得る。
(ii.a)分離工程、および
(ii.b)反応微小空洞において固定化された形態で保持されたアフィニティー複合体の形成を含み得る混合工程
から選択される少なくとも1つの下位工程を含み得ることを意味する。
・工程(ii)において保持された複合体から遊離した分析的に検出可能な物質、
・該複合体が酵素活性を有し、そして基質が工程(ii)のあとに反応微小空洞を通過した場合の、酵素産物、
・機能制御として反応微小空洞を通過する化合物、
・工程(ii)において保持された複合体と異なる固定化形態の複合体を保持することよる第2の被検体、
・工程(ii)および(iii)と干渉することなく反応微小空洞を通過する標準化合物(キャリブレーター)
の測定を可能にし得る。
最初の2つの選択物は、また、工程(iii)の部分であってもよい。
A.特徴付けされていない量の被検体の測定
これらのプロトコールは、試料中の被検体の測定のために使用される生体特異的アフィニティーアッセイの中から選択される。該原理は、当分野において周知である。該プロトコールは、被検体に対する1またはそれ以上のアフィニティー対応物が、アフィニティー複合体の形成のために使用され、次いでこれが測定され、そして試料中の被検体の量と関連付けられることを包含する。アッセイ条件は、複合体の量が試料中の被検体の量の関数になるように選択される。
これらのプロトコールにおいて、被検体および被検体類似体は、被検体に対する制限量のアフィニティー対応物に結合するために、互いに競合している。この対応物は、
(a)もし被検体類似体が可溶性でありそして分析的に検出可能であるならば、固定化されているかまたは固定化可能であり得、そして
(b)もし被検体類似体が固定化されているかまたは固定化可能であるならば、分析的に検出可能であり得る。
これらのプロトコールは、典型的には、被検体に対する非限定量の1またはそれ以上のアフィニティー対応物を利用する。
「分析的に検出可能な」なる語は、アフィニティー反応物質が、工程(iii)において測定されるべき複合体の形成に関与する他のアフィニティー反応物質から分析的に区別され得ることを意図する。検出能は、反応物質の固有の性質、例えば固有の生物学的機能、例えば酵素の酵素活性、またはさまざまなIgクラスもしくはサブクラスのFcレセプター結合活性、または、例えば分析的に検出可能なタグまたは標識、例えばビオチン(=アフィニティー・ラベル)、酵素、クロモゲン、フルオロゲン(fluorogen)、フルオロフォア、化学発光基、放射性基などで標識することにより個別的に導入された官能性に由来し得る。検出能には、また、形成された複合体がそれ自体で、例えば溶液の光学的性質を変化させることなどにより、検出可能であることも含まれる。
工程(i):マイクロ流体デバイスは上で議論した通りであり、そしてk個のマイクロチャンネル構造(kは、2またはそれ以上の整数である。)を含んでなり、これらはそれぞれ、被検体に対する固定化されたアフィニティー対応物またはこのような対応物の組合せを含んでなる。アフィニティー対応物は、マイクロチャンネル構造間で異なっていても、異なっていなくてもよい。アフィニティー対応物は、好ましくは、アフィニティー複合体が保持されるべき反応微小空洞に位置する。
2つの好適な態様は:
A)ライブラリーからの異なるバインダー候補物質および/またはバインダー候補物質の組合せが、工程(i)において提供されたマイクロ流体デバイスの2またはそれ以上のマイクロチャンネル構造において固定された形態で使用される。可溶化形態の既知の共通リガンドが、工程(ii)において固定化複合体を形成するために使用される。
B)同じ既知の固定化リガンドが、工程(i)において提供されたマイクロ流体デバイスの2またはそれ以上のマイクロチャンネル構造中に存在する。個々のマイクロチャンネル構造に対して、単一のバインダー候補物質または異なるバインダー候補物質の組合せが、工程(ii)において、個々のマイクロチャンネル構造に導入され得る。
この場合において、少なくとも固相に結合したアフィニティー反応物質のための固定化技術および/または固相自体は、2またはそれ以上のマイクロチャンネル構造間で異なる。この相違は、物理的吸着、共有結合的架橋の種類を含む共有結合、アフィニティー固定化に使用されたアフィニティー反応物質、固相の種類などの条件に関連し得る。
この場合において、液体に関連した少なくとも1つの反応可変要素は、マイクロ流体デバイス中の2またはそれ以上のマイクロチャンネル構造間で変動する。典型的な反応可変要素は、pH、温度、イオン強度、複合体形成のインヒビターまたはプロモーターの量、水素結合破壊剤(hydrogen-bond breaking agent)、洗浄剤、およびマイクロチャンネル構造中の流速などである。
これらのプロトコールは、典型的には、リガンドとバインダーとの複合体が前分散され、そして反応微小空洞中で固定化形態に前形成される、マイクロチャンネル構造から開始する。該複合体は、分析的に検出可能な反応物質を含有し得る。複合体が解離すると、分析的に検出可能な反応物質が複合体から遊離し、そして複合体の残りの量が、反応微小空洞において直接的に、または反応微小空洞の下流に位置する個別的検出微小空洞中に遊離した反応物質の量として間接的に、測定され得る。代わりに、固相と結合を形成するアフィニティー対応物は、他の対応物の遊離の関数として変化する標識を含んでなる。
本発明は、反応微小空洞に保持された固相上のアフィニティー複合体の形成または解離中の流動条件に適用される。流れの方向に沿った固相(反応微小空洞)における複合体の分配が、アフィニティー定数および使用された条件下での会合および解離の速度などを反映すること、ならびに該分布は、バインダーとリガンドの種類およびそれらの濃度、および固相上の置換の程度および有用性、固相の種類、pH、イオン強度、流速などのようなさまざまな要因に依存することが認識され得る。
本革新的方法の1つの実験において使用される試料は、試料のコレクション(ライブラリー)に相当する。コレクションの少なくとも2つのメンバーは、特徴付けされるべき反応可変要素(複数も可)に関して異なる。
工程(iii)における測定は、a)流れの方向に沿って反応微小空洞(固相)におけるアフィニティー複合体の分配、またはb)反応微小空洞中の複合体の総量を測定することを含んでなる。後者は、この量が総量を代表する限りは、測定が反応微小空洞の一定の部分においてのみ行われることを含む。変法(a)は、特に、上記の変法(F)に当てはまる。
本発明の分離的観点は、流動におけるチャンネル間変動を減少させるための構造ユニット(下位構造)である。該ユニットを図3に示す。該ユニットは、(a)引入れ微小導管(302)、(b)反応が制御された流動条件下で起こる微小空洞(304)、および(c)引出し微小導管(305)を含んでなる。このデバイスは、微小空洞(304)におけるおよび/または微小空洞(304)の下流の引出し微小導管(305)における圧力差を生み出すための手段が存在し、その結果、引入れ微小導管(302)を介して導入された試料のためのマイクロ流体デバイス内の滞留時間のチャンネル間変動が、上で議論した範囲内になる。微小空洞を通過する適当な流速は、典型的には、上で与えた範囲内である。圧力差を生み出す手段は、本明細書の前の方で概説した通りである。
WO 9116966、9615576、WO 9721090、WO 9800709、9807019、WO 9958245、WO 0056808、WO 0146465、WO 0147637、WO 0154810、WO 0185602、US 60/315,471および対応する国際特許出願、U.S. S.N. 60/322,622および2002年1月31日に出願されたその一部継続出願。
図1〜2は、本実験において使用された構造を示す。
完全ミオグロビンアッセイを、コンパクトディスク(CD)と同じ大きさのディスクにおいて行った。使用されたディスクにおいて、24の類似の構造(101、201)が平行して存在し、そして該構造は、それぞれ、12の構造を含む2つのセットに分けられた(図2において1つのセットのみを示す。)。共通の分配チャンネル(119、219)を該12の構造につなぎ、これを通って、緩衝液および試薬は、引入れポート(209)または引入れポート(210)のいずれかを経由して該12の反応構造に分配される。すべての構造は、また、試料受取り構造(111)を有するように設計された個別的引入れユニット(108、114)を有し、これは容積規定機能を有する。チャンネルの大きさは、図1a〜bにおいて示される。
Claims (3)
- 互いに親和性を有するリガンドおよびバインダーを含んでなるアフィニティー複合体の形成または解離に影響する少なくとも1つの反応可変要素の測定のためのマイクロスケール法であって:
(i):共通の流動制御下の複数のマイクロチャンネル構造を含んでなるマイクロ流体デバイスを提供すること、ここで、個々のマイクロチャンネル構造は反応微小空洞を含んでなり、反応微小空洞は、工程(ii)において保持されるアフィニティー複合体に組み込まれ得るアフィニティー反応物質が結合した、床に充填された多孔性または非多孔性粒子の形態での、固相を含んでなり;
(ii):個々の2またはそれ以上の複数のマイクロチャンネル構造において本質的に平行に実験を行うこと、ここで、これら2またはそれ以上のマイクロチャンネル構造における実験は、
(a)固定された形態の複合体を流動条件下にて反応微小空洞内で形成すること、および流動条件下にて同じ反応微小空洞内でこの形態を保持すること、または
(b)工程(ii)の前に導入された固定化された形態の複合体を、好ましくは流動条件下で、解離させること、
のいずれかを含んでなり;
該少なくとも1つの反応可変要素は、該2またはそれ以上のマイクロチャンネル構造に関して、異なるかまたは特徴付けされておらず;
(iii):個々の当該2またはそれ以上のマイクロチャンネル構造中の当該反応微小空洞における複合体の提示を測定すること;および
(iv):工程(iii)において得られた提示値に基づく少なくとも1つの反応可変要素を測定すること、
の工程を含んでなることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法であって、
(a)マイクロ流体デバイスが対称軸を有する基板を含んでなり、
(b)個々のマイクロチャンネル構造が、対称軸に対して、反応微小空洞よりも短い半径距離に引入れポートを有するように方向付けされ、そして
(c)基板が、マイクロチャンネル構造内で液体を駆動するために、対称軸のまわりを回転する
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の方法であって、
個々のマイクロチャンネル構造が反応微小空洞の下流に流動制限を含んでなり、これが反応微小空洞を通る流れを制限する圧力差を生み出すことを特徴とする方法。
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2002
- 2002-03-19 CA CA002441206A patent/CA2441206A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-03-19 EP EP02708890A patent/EP1384076B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-19 US US10/472,421 patent/US7759067B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2010-06-07 US US12/794,915 patent/US20110033953A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CA2441206A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
US7759067B2 (en) | 2010-07-20 |
JP2009063590A (ja) | 2009-03-26 |
US20040096867A1 (en) | 2004-05-20 |
US20150377873A9 (en) | 2015-12-31 |
JP2004529336A (ja) | 2004-09-24 |
US20110033953A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
EP1384076B1 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
US10620194B2 (en) | 2020-04-14 |
WO2002075312A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
US20140199783A1 (en) | 2014-07-17 |
JP5023043B2 (ja) | 2012-09-12 |
EP1384076A1 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
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