JP4272835B2 - 心臓弁の作動の改善を補助するための心臓用人工弁 - Google Patents

心臓弁の作動の改善を補助するための心臓用人工弁 Download PDF

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JP4272835B2
JP4272835B2 JP2001585664A JP2001585664A JP4272835B2 JP 4272835 B2 JP4272835 B2 JP 4272835B2 JP 2001585664 A JP2001585664 A JP 2001585664A JP 2001585664 A JP2001585664 A JP 2001585664A JP 4272835 B2 JP4272835 B2 JP 4272835B2
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base portion
buttress
heart valve
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JP2003533334A (ja
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シュロモ・ギャバイ
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シュロモ・ギャバイ
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2442Annuloplasty rings or inserts for correcting the valve shape; Implants for improving the function of a native heart valve
    • A61F2/2445Annuloplasty rings in direct contact with the valve annulus
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2442Annuloplasty rings or inserts for correcting the valve shape; Implants for improving the function of a native heart valve
    • A61F2/2454Means for preventing inversion of the valve leaflets, e.g. chordae tendineae prostheses

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、埋め込み式の心臓用人工弁に関し、更に詳細には、欠陥がある又は損傷した弁の作動の改善を補助するために心臓弁の輪状構造のところに埋め込むことができる人工弁に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
心臓弁は、先天性形成異常、疾病、又は加齢等により欠陥を生じ又は損傷する。弁に欠陥や損傷が生じた場合には、弁膜尖は適正に機能しない。変性した心臓弁と関連した一つの共通の問題点は、弁輪状構造の拡大(例えば拡張)である。弁の機能不全をもたらす他の問題点は、一つ又はそれ以上の弁膜尖で生じる腱索の伸長及び病変である
二尖弁即ち僧帽弁は、血液を心臓の左心房から左心室に一方向で通過させるため、心臓の左房室開口部に配置されている。僧帽弁は、稠密な線維質の環状リングによって取り囲まれており、大きさが不等の二つの弁膜尖を含む。前側弁膜尖として周知の大きい方の弁膜尖は大動脈開口部と隣接して配置されている。小さい方の弁膜尖は後側弁膜尖である。
【0003】
僧帽弁が適正に機能している場合には、例えば、心室の収縮時の心室から心房への血液の逆流を阻止する。心室の収縮中の大きな背圧に耐え、心房への血液の逆流を阻止するため、弁尖は、弁尖を心臓の筋肉壁に固定する線維質の腱索(心臓形腱)によって所定位置に保持されている。
【0004】
例として、輪状構造が、取り付けられた弁膜尖が完全に壁できない点まで拡大し又は拡張する(接合異常)と、逆流又は弁の脱出が生じる。弁の脱出や逆流に応じて、胸部痛、心臓不整脈、呼吸困難等の悪い臨床的症状が現れる。その結果、弁修復術又は弁交換術の何れかによる外科的な補正が必要とされる。
【0005】
手術による再建術又は修復術には、ヒダ形成、腱索の短縮、又は腱索の交換が含まれる。別の一般的な修復術は、弁輪状構造の再建(輪状形成術)が含まれ、これは、輪状構造の安定化を補助するため、及び弁輪状構造の欠陥又は機能不全により生じる弁閉鎖不全を補正し又はなくすのを補助するために人工弁リングを埋め込むことによって行われる。輪状形成術用リングを適正な大きさにして埋め込むことにより、弁輪状構造の通常の拡張していない周囲を取り戻すことができる。弁輪状構造が病変を示す場合には、弁膜尖に形成された病変部位や穴を覆うようにグラフトやパッチを弁膜尖に固定することによって一つ又はそれ以上の弁膜尖を再建することも必要である。弁膜尖の修復又は再建は複雑であり、時間がかかり、その結果は容易には再現できない。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、欠陥や損傷が生じた弁の作動の改善を補助するため、心臓弁の輪状構造に埋め込むことができる心臓用人工弁に関する。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本装置は、輪状構造のところに支持を提供するために弁の輪状構造に取り付けることができるベース部分を含む。バットレス部分がベース部分から半径方向内方に且つ全体に軸線方向に延びている。装置が心臓弁の輪状構造に埋め込まれたとき、バットレスは、一つ又はそれ以上の(心臓弁の種類に応じて)弁膜尖が移動して係合し外れる表面を提供する。弁膜尖がバットレスと係合し又は接合したとき、装置及び弁を通る血流が阻止され、これによって逆流を緩和する。装置は、更に、弁膜尖がバットレスから遠ざかるように押圧されたときに装置及び弁を通る血流を許容する。
【0008】
本発明の特徴は、心臓弁の作動の改善を補助するための装置を提供する。本装置は、全体に環状のベースを含む。バットレスは、ベースの円弧部分から全体に軸線方向に及び円弧部分に対して内方に延びている。これは、埋め込まれた場合に装置に対する血流を制御するために心臓弁の弁膜尖が移動して係合したり外れたりする表面を提供するためである。
【0009】
本発明の別の特徴は、心臓弁の作動の改善を補助するための装置を提供する。この装置は、全体に環状のベース部分及びこのベース部分に対して全体に軸線方向に且つ内方に延びる支持部分を持つフレームを含む。支持部分は、ベース部分から間隔が隔てられた先端で終端する。可撓性材料製のシースがフレームを覆い、ベース部分と支持部分先端との間を延びるバットレスを形成する。その結果、装置を埋め込んだとき、バットレスは、心臓弁の弁膜尖が移動して係合し外れる表面を提供する。
【0010】
以上の及び関連した目的を達成するため、本発明は、以下に詳細に説明し且つ特許請求の範囲に特定的に指摘した特徴を有する。以下の説明及び添付図面は、本発明の特定の例示の特徴を詳細に説明する。しかしながら、これらの特徴は、本発明の原理が使用された様々な方法の幾つかを示すに過ぎない。本発明のこの他の目的、利点、及び新規な特徴は、以下の本発明の詳細な説明を添付図面と関連して考慮することにより明らかになるであろう。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1乃至図4は、心臓弁の作動改善を補助するための本発明の一つの特徴による装置10を示す。この装置10は、全体に環状のベース部分12を含み、このベース部分は、心臓弁の輪状構造に取り付けられるように寸法及び形体が定められた楕円形形状、卵形形状、又は他の適当な形状をとることができる。ベース部分12は流入側16及び流出側18を有する。
【0012】
ベース部分12は、装置10が取り付けられるべき弁輪状構造に対する所望の支持量に応じて、全体に剛性の又は可撓性の材料で形成できる。例えば、ベース部分12は、プラスチック等の材料、金属、又は患者に埋め込むのに適した他の材料であってもよい。ベース部分12は、輪状形成術用リングの利点を提供する(例えば、収縮期に弁輪状構造を所望の配向で支持するのを補助する)。
【0013】
装置10は、心臓弁の弁膜尖が当接して係合する表面を提供するためにベース部分12に取り付けられており且つこのベース部分から延びるバットレス20を更に含む。バットレス20は、ベース部分12の周方向に延びる円弧長さに沿ってベース部分12に連結されている。ベース部分12の円弧長さは、バットレス20の機能が適用される(装置が埋め込まれた場合)欠陥がある又は損傷した弁膜尖への環状取り付け長さとほぼ同じである。
【0014】
例として、装置10を僧帽弁の輪状構造のところに埋め込んで後側弁膜尖の代わりに機能させようとする場合、周囲円弧の長さは、弁の後側弁膜尖と隣接した輪状構造とほぼ同じである。更に、バットレス20の側壁の周囲長さは、後側弁膜尖とほぼ同じである。
【0015】
バットレス20は、ベース部分12の流出側18から全体に軸線方向に延び且つ流出側18に対して半径方向外方に延びる。ベース部分12と近接したバットレス20の基端部分22の軸線方向長さは、軸線14に向かって半径方向内方に延び且つベース部分から全体に軸線方向に遠ざかるように延びる。バットレス20の先端方向に延びる部分24は、基端部分22から延びており且つこの基端部分から半径方向外方にバットレスの残りの長さに亘って湾曲し、先端25で終端する。バットレス20は、収縮期に弁膜尖(僧帽弁の前側弁膜尖)が接合する表面を提供する半径方向内面26を有する。図3及び図4に示すように、バットレス20の半径方向外面28の先端方向に延びる部分24は、全体に凸状の又は逆C形状断面を有する。
【0016】
図1乃至図4に示す装置10の例(完全に環状のベース部分12を有する)では、ベース部分12の他方の円弧長さとバットレス自体との間で穴が装置10を通って軸線方向に延びている。この穴は、例えば拡張期中、血液が装置10を通過できるようにする開口部即ちオリフィスを提供する。一つ又はそれ以上の弁膜尖と関連したバットレス20は、更に、例えば収縮期の心室収縮中、弁が閉鎖位置にある場合、血流を妨げる。
【0017】
図1乃至図4に示す装置10は、装置10に所望の形状を提供する寸法及び形体の支持フレーム32を含む。このフレーム32は、ベース部分12及びバットレス20を形成する支持機構を提供する。フレーム32は、例えば、プラスチック、金属、又は人体に埋め込むのに適した他の材料等の弾性材料及び/又は可撓性材料で形成されていてもよい。フレームの各部分の剛性又は可撓性は、輪状構造での(ベース部分による)所望の支持量、並びに弁膜尖とバットレス20との間の係合中に所望の可撓性の量に応じて変化する。
【0018】
別の態様では、バットレス20及び/又はベース部分12の下にある支持フレーム32は、金属ワイヤ等の実質的に非弾性変形性の材料(例えば所望の位置に曲げることができ且つその状態に止まる)で形成されていてもよい。その結果、装置10の埋め込みを行う外科医は、弁の作動を改善するためにバットレス20及び/又はベース部分12を所望の形体に合わせて再配向してもよい。このような材料は、更に、埋め込んで心臓弁の動きが加わった後に外科医(又は製造者)が設定した形状を維持するように十分な弾性を示してもよい。
【0019】
ベース部分12及びバットレス20用のフレーム部分は、装置10の各部分についての所望の材料特性(弾性、剛性、等)に応じて、同じ又は異なる材料で形成されていてもよい。
【0020】
生体親和性材料製の外シース34が、ベース部分12及びバットレス20を含むフレーム32を覆う。外シース34は、布や織物等の材料(天然又は合成)、又はコラーゲンや動物組織材料等の生物学的材料等の実質的に任意の材料で形成されているのがよい。使用可能な動物組織材料は、適当ななめし環境でなめし即ち定着した平滑な動物心膜(例えばウマ由来、ウシ由来、ブタ由来、等)である。例えば心膜をグルタルアルデヒドで架橋し、ヘパリン結合による無毒化プロセスを加える。これは、ニュージャージー州ミルバーンのシェルハイ社から商業的に入手できるノー−リアクト(ノー−リアクト(NO−REACT)は登録商標である)天然組織製品の一つ等である。ノー−リアクト天然組織製品は、生体親和性が改善されており、石灰化及び血栓形成を緩和する。バットレス20を覆う露呈された平滑な動物心膜は、更に、弁膜尖とバットレスとの間の係合に応じて生じることのある擦れを阻止する。
【0021】
装置10は、更に、装置10のベース部分を取り囲む埋め込みフランジ(又は縫合リング)36を含む。この埋め込みフランジ36は、ベース部分12から半径方向外方に延び、心臓弁の輪状構造のところに装置10を埋め込むのを容易にするための構造を提供する。埋め込みフランジ36は、布や織物等の材料(天然又は合成)、又はコラーゲンや動物組織材料等の生物学的材料等の可撓性材料で形成されている。例えば、埋め込みフランジ36は、動物組織(例えば動物心膜)等の実質的に生体親和性の生物学的材料で形成されている。埋め込みフランジ36は、外シースの形成に使用された材料でできた一枚又は二枚の層等の外シース34の一体の部分として形成されていてもよい。
【0022】
図5及び図6は、本発明の別の特徴による心臓弁修復装置150を示す。装置150は全体にC形状の(即ち不完全な)全体に環状のベース部分152を含む。ベース部分152は、互いから間隔が隔てられた端部156及び158、及びこれらの端部間を延びる湾曲部分を有する。この例では、ベース部分152は、下側のC形状支持リングを含み、このリングは、可撓性材料、弾性材料、又は全体に剛性の材料で形成できる。支持リングは、その元の状態(即ち休止状態)から変形した場合にその元の形状に戻るように弾性を備えている。支持リングは、例えば、プラスチック等の材料(例えば、ポリマー、樹脂、等)、又はワイヤの形態の金属(例えばステンレス鋼)で形成されていてもよい。他の種類の全体に剛性及び/又は弾性の材料を本発明に従って使用してもよいということは理解されよう。更に、支持リングの形成に適当な変形可能な非弾性材料を使用してもよい。
【0023】
バットレス164は、図1乃至図4に関して図示し且つ説明したのと実質的に同様に、ベース部分152の流出側166から全体に軸線方向に延びる。簡単に述べると、バットレス164の基端部分168は、ベース部分152から全体に軸線方向に及び半径方向内方にベース部分の開放端(端部156と158との間)に向かって延びる。先端方向に延びるバットレス164の部分170は、基端部分168から延びており、そこから半径方向外方にバットレスの残りの長さに亘って湾曲している。バットレス164は、収縮期に弁膜尖が接合する表面を提供する半径方向内面172を有する。バットレス164は、装置150を心臓弁の輪状構造のところに埋め込んだ場合に一つ又はそれ以上の弁膜尖がバットレス164と係合して弁を収縮期に閉鎖するように、収縮期の弁膜尖の寸法及び形体に倣う寸法及び形体を備えている。一つ又はそれ以上の弁膜尖は、収縮期にバットレス164の内面172と接合でき、これによって心室の収縮時の血液の逆流を阻止する。
【0024】
図1乃至図4の例におけるのと同様に、装置150は、この装置を覆う可撓性で生体親和性の材料でできた外シース174を更に含む。装置150は、この装置のベース部分152を包囲する埋め込みフランジ176(又は縫合リング)を更に含む。埋め込みフランジ176は、装置150を心臓弁の輪状構造のところに埋め込むのを容易にするため、端部156と158との間でベース部分152から半径方向外方に延びる。外シース174及び埋め込みフランジ176の各々は、布や織物(天然又は合成)等の材料、コラーゲンや動物組織材料等の生物学的材料等の任意の適当な生体親和性材料で形成されていてもよい。適当な動物組織材料は、ノー−リアクト組織製品等の平滑な動物心膜(例えばウマ由来、ウシ由来、ブタ由来、等)である。
【0025】
図7及び図8は、本発明の別の特徴による心臓弁修復装置200を示す。装置200は、全体に環状のベース部分202を含む。ベース部分202の支持リング203の寸法及び形体は、僧帽弁や心房弁等の心臓弁の輪状構造とほぼ同じである。支持リング203は、図1乃至図6に関して図示してあり且つ説明したベース部分に関して開示されたものと実質的に同じであってもよい(例えば、完全なリング(図示のように)であってもよいし、全体にC形状のリングであってもよい)。
【0026】
一対の支持ポスト204及び206がベース部分202の流出側208から全体に軸線方向に延びる。支持体204及び206は、装置200の機能が適用される弁膜尖の周方向寸法とほぼ同じ円弧長さだけ互いから周方向で間隔が隔てられている。支持ポスト204及び206は、ベース部分202を形成する材料と同じ材料で形成されていてもよいし、異なる材料で形成されていてもよい。例えば、支持ポスト204及び206及びベース部分202は、適当な射出成形プロセスで一体のユニットとして形成されていてもよい。しかしながら、支持体204及び206及びベース部分202を形成するのに異なる材料を使用してもよいということは理解されるべきである。この場合、支持体は、超音波溶接又は他の取り付け方法等によってベース部分に適当に固定される。
【0027】
装置200は、心臓弁の隣接した弁膜尖と衝合するための可撓性表面を提供するため、ベース部分202から全体に軸線方向に延びる実質的に可撓性の材料でできたバットレス210を更に含む。このバットレス210は、例えば、支持ポスト204及び206の各々とベース部分202との接合部間で周方向に延びる円弧214に沿ってベース部分202に取り付けられた材料でできた可撓性シート212を含む。この可撓性シート材料212は、ベース部分202から全体に軸線方向に延び、支持ポスト204及び206に連結されており且つこれらの間を延びる。支持ポスト204及び206は、これらのポスト間に連結された可撓性材料製シースを隣接した弁膜尖と係合するための所望位置に配向するため、直線的であってもよいし湾曲していてもよい。バットレス210の可撓性材料製シート212は、装置200を埋め込んだ場合、隣接した弁膜尖が移動して係合したり外れたりする半径方向内面216を提供する。更に、可撓性シース材料212により、バットレス210は、装置を埋め込んだ場合、隣接した一つ又はそれ以上の弁膜尖とバットレスとの間の接合を容易にするように、支持体204及び206に対して可撓性を以て移動できる。
【0028】
図1乃至図4の装置に関して上文中に言及したように、ポスト204及び206及び/又はベース部分202は弾性変形可能な材料で形成されていてもよい。かくして、装置200を埋め込む外科医は、バットレス210及び/又はベース部分202を所望の形体に曲げることができる。その結果、各装置は、装置200を弁の輪状構造に埋め込んだときに心臓弁の作動を改善するように患者に合わせて注文制作できる。
【0029】
可撓性材料製のシート212は、例えば、布や織物(天然又は合成)等の材料、コラーゲン材料や動物組織材料等の生物学的材料等で形成されていてもよい。心臓弁に埋め込んだ場合の血液の逆流をなくすため、可撓性シース材料212は、血液の流れに対して実質的に不透過性でなければならない。
【0030】
図7及び図8に示すように、装置は、装置を心臓弁の輪状構造に容易に埋め込めるようにするため、埋め込みフランジ(又は縫合リング)220を更に含んでいるのがよい。埋め込みフランジ220は、ベース部分202から半径方向外方に延びる。埋め込みフランジ220は、布や織物(天然又は合成)等の材料、コラーゲンや動物組織材料等の生物学的材料等で形成されていてもよい。例えば、埋め込みフランジ220は、外シース212を形成する材料と同じ動物組織(例えば動物新膜)等の生体親和性の生物学的材料で形成されている。
【0031】
図9は、心臓弁の修復を補助するための装置を形成に使用できる本発明の別の特徴によるフレーム250を示す。例えば、フレーム250は、図1乃至図4に示し且つこれらの図面と関連して説明したのと同様の種類の装置の形成に使用できる。フレーム250は、実質的に可撓性の材料でできた外シースを適用できる骨組みを提供する。
【0032】
フレーム250は全体に環状のベース部分252を含む。このベース部分252は完全なリングとして示してあるけれども、別の態様で不完全なリング(例えばC形状リング)を本発明の一つの特徴に従って使用できるということは当業者には理解されよう。ベース部分252は流入側254及び流出側256を含み、中央軸線258がベース部分を通って延びる。
【0033】
フレーム250は、ベース部分252から全体に軸線方向に延びる支持体260を更に含む。軸線方向に延びる支持体260は、バットレス用支持構造を提供するためのベース部分252の実質的に両縁部262及び264を連結する湾曲構造の形態である。
【0034】
フレーム250は、例えば、プラスチック、金属、又は人体への埋め込みに適した他の材料等の弾性材料、可撓性材料、又は非弾性の変形可能な材料で形成されていてもよい。フレーム250の形成に使用された材料の剛性又は可撓性は、輪状構造で所望の支持量(ベース部分による)並びに弁膜尖とバットレスとの間の接合中に所望の可撓性の量に応じて変化する。ベース部分252及び軸線方向に延びる支持体260は、フレーム250の各部について所望の材料特性(弾性、剛性、等)に応じて、同じ材料でできていてもよいし、異なる材料でできていてもよい。
【0035】
フレーム250を実質的に可撓性の材料でできたシートで覆い、図1乃至図4に示し且つこれらに関して説明したのと同様の装置を形成することができる。可撓性材料製のシートを、軸線方向に延びる支持体260に対して移動自在であるようにフレームに適用する。隣接した弁膜尖が移動して被せたシート材料と係合する。対照的に、図1乃至図4の例示の装置は、可撓性材料製シートを上側に被せたバットレスと同延の基材を含むフレームを使用する(例えば図1乃至図4のバットレスは、図9の可撓性バットレスよりも静的であってもよい)。
【0036】
図10は、本発明の別の特徴による心臓弁修復装置280を示す。図1の装置10と同様に、装置280は、装置が取り付けられるべき心臓弁輪状構造の寸法及び形体に従って寸法及び形体が定められた全体に環状のベース部分282を含む。図1乃至図4に関して上文中に説明したように、ベース部分282の可撓性又は弾性又は剛性は、心臓弁輪状構造のところに所望量の支持が提供されるように、ベース部分の形成に使用される材料に従って変化させることができる。
【0037】
バットレス284がベース部分282の後側円弧286に取り付けられており、ここから半径方向内方に全体に軸線方向に遠ざかるように延びている。更に詳細には、バットレス284の基端部分288がその長さの第1部分に亘って軸線方向及び半径方向内方に延びている。バットレス284の残りの部分290は、基端部分288から先端方向に延びており、基端部分に対して半径方向外方に(遠ざかるように)湾曲している。装置280を埋め込んだとき、バットレス284は、隣接した弁膜尖が移動して係合したり係合状態から外れたりする表面を提供する。
【0038】
装置280は、ポリマーやプラスチック等の材料(例えばデルリン(デルリン(Delrin)は登録商標である)、熱分解カーボン、等)、金属、又は心臓に埋め込むのに適していると考えられる他の材料等の可撓性材料及び/又は弾性材料で形成されていてもよい。ベース部分282及びバットレス284は、例えば、一体の装置を形成するため、同じ材料で形成されていてもよい。別の態様では、バットレス284及びベース部分282の各々を形成するのに、夫々の部分の各々に異なる量の剛性又は可撓性が所望である場合等で、異なる材料を使用してもよい。
【0039】
装置280は、更に、図1乃至図4に示し且つこれらに関して説明したように、装置10の下側フレーム32として使用できるということは理解されよう。装置280から装置10を形成するため、適当な可撓性の生体親和性材料製の外シースが、上文中に説明したように、装置280上に取り付けられる。
【0040】
図11及び図12は、図1乃至図4に関して示した装置10等の装置を僧帽弁303の輪状構造302のところに埋め込んだ心臓300の部分を示す。僧帽弁303は、左心房304から左心室306への単向血流を提供するようになっている。僧帽弁303は、大動脈開口部310と隣接した輪状構造302から延び且つ線維性心臓形腱312によって左心室の壁の筋肉組織に取り付けられた前側弁膜尖308を含む。後側弁膜尖は、装置10の埋め込み前に切除等によって心臓から実質的に除去してある。しかしながら、後側弁膜尖を無傷のままに残し、装置10のバットレス20を後側弁膜尖と前側弁膜尖との間に配置してもよいということは理解されよう。
【0041】
上文中に言及したように、装置10は、弁303の輪状構造302のところで線維性組織に縫合される埋め込みフランジ36を含んでもよい。バットレス20は、僧帽弁303の後側弁膜尖の位置と対応する位置で装置10のベース12から心室内に延びる。上文中に説明したように、バットレス20は心室306内に全体に前側弁膜尖308に向かって延びる。
【0042】
バットレス20は、収縮期及び拡張期の両方中で実質的に定置の(静止した)ままである、全体に剛性の材料で形成されていてもよいということは理解されよう。別の態様では、バットレス20は、周囲フレーム(図7、図8、及び図9参照)で支持された材料シート等の十分に可撓性の材料であってもよく、心房304から弁303を通って心室306内への血流と釣り合った移動を可能にするために更に可撓性の種類のフレームを使用することによって形成されていてもよい。
【0043】
図11は、前側弁膜尖308が本発明の一つの特徴による装置10のバットレス20と係合した、閉鎖位置(収縮期で)にある僧帽弁303を示す。即ち、装置10のバットレス20は、前側弁膜尖308が接合する表面を提供することによって、収縮期に後側弁膜尖の機能を果たす。その結果、バットレス20及び前側弁膜尖308が協働し、収縮期の心室収縮中等に左心室304から左心房306内への係合の逆流を阻止する。
【0044】
更に、バットレス20は、前側弁膜尖と関連して、図11に矢印314で示すように、拡張期の単向血流を容易にし且つ促す。詳細には、埋め込んだ装置10を通って開口部即ち穴がバットレス20と前側弁膜尖308との間を延びている。有利には、前側弁膜尖308が拡張期の血流に応じてバットレス20に対して移動することにより、血液を左心房304から左心室306内へ自由に流すのに十分なオリフィスが形成される。バットレス20は、血流を更に促すため、ベース部分12に対して半径方向に移動できる可撓性材料で形成されていてもよい。装置10の環状ベース部分12は、更に、バットレス20と前側弁膜尖308との間の所望の接合を助長するため、収縮期に僧帽弁303の輪状構造の支持を補助する(図10参照)。
【0045】
以上に鑑み、本発明による装置は、心臓弁の作動の改善を補助するための有用な修復装置を提供する。本装置は、一つ又はそれ以上の弁膜尖と係合したり係合状態から離れたりするバットレスを提供することによって、心臓弁輪状構造の支持、及び弁膜尖の接合及び/又は病変部位と関連した問題点の緩和の両方に対して使用できる。更に、本装置は、他の比較的従来の再建方法及び修復方法と比較すると、簡単な修復オプション(装置を心臓弁の輪状構造に埋め込む)を提供する。
【0046】
ここに例示した例は、二尖(僧帽)弁を治療するための装置を示すけれども、本発明による装置は、他の種類の心臓弁(例えば、三尖弁又は他の二尖弁)にも使用できるということは当業者には理解されるべきである。更に、装置は、本発明によれば、心臓弁輪状構造の流出側又は流出側のいずれに埋め込んでもよい。
【0047】
以上の説明は本発明の例である。勿論、本発明を説明する目的で構成要素及び方法の考え得る全ての組み合わせを記載することは不可能であるが、本発明の多くのこの他の組み合わせが可能であるということは当業者には理解されよう。従って、本発明は、添付の特許請求の範囲の精神及び範囲内の全てのこのような変形や変更等を含もうとするものである。更に、詳細な説明及び特許請求の範囲のいずれかで「含む」という用語を使用する場合、この用語は「有する」という用語と同様である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明による装置の斜視図である。
【図2】 本発明による装置の流出側の図である。
【図3】 本発明による、心臓弁を支持するための装置の図2の3−3線に沿った側面図である。
【図4】 図2の4−4線に沿った装置の断面図である。
【図5】 本発明の別の特徴による、心臓弁を支持するための装置の斜視図である。
【図6】 図5の6−6線に沿った装置の図である。
【図7】 本発明の別の特徴による装置の斜視図である。
【図8】 図7の8−8線に沿った装置の断面図である。
【図9】 本発明の別の特徴による装置用の支持フレームの斜視図である。
【図10】 装置用のフレームとしても使用できる本発明の別の特徴による装置の斜視図である。
【図11】 心臓弁の第1状態を示す、本発明による装置が心臓弁のところに取り付けられた心臓の部分の断面図である。
【図12】 心臓弁の第2状態を示す、図11と同様の心臓及び装置の断面図である。
【符号の説明】
10 装置
12 ベース部分
14 軸線
16 流入側
18 流出側
20 バットレス
22 基端部分
24 先端方向に延びる部分
26 半径方向内面

Claims (29)

  1. 心臓弁の作動の改善を補助するための装置において、
    全体に環状のベース部分、及び
    前記ベース部分に対して全体に半径方向内方に且つ前記ベース部分に対して軸線方向に延びるバットレスであって、収縮期の弁膜尖に倣う寸法及び形体に定められた表面を有し、前記表面は、前記装置が前記心臓弁に埋め込まれたときに前記心臓弁の一つまたはそれ以上の弁膜尖と係合され、それによって、前記装置が前記心臓弁に埋め込まれたときに前記バットレスの前記表面に対する前記心臓弁の一つまたはそれ以上の弁膜尖の移動が、前記装置に対する実質的な単向血流を提供するバットレスを含む、装置。
  2. 請求項1に記載の装置において、前記全体に環状のベース部分は全体にC形状のベース部分であり、このC形状ベース部分の両端間に湾曲長さを有し、前記バットレスは、C形状ベース部分の両端の中間の円弧部分から延びる、装置。
  3. 請求項2に記載の装置において、前記バットレスは、前記弁部分から半径方向内方に且つ軸線方向に第1長さ延び、次いでその第2長さに亘って外方に湾曲する、装置。
  4. 請求項1に記載の装置において、前記環状ベース部分は、完全なリングであり、穴が前記環状ベース部分の前記バットレスと両側部との間で前記装置を通って延びる、装置。
  5. 請求項1に記載の装置において、前記ベース部分は、全体に剛性の材料で形成されている、装置。
  6. 請求項1に記載の装置において、前記ベース部分は、実質的に可撓性の材料で形成されている、装置。
  7. 請求項1に記載の装置において、前記バットレスの前記表面を覆う実質的に可撓性の材料製の外シースを更に含む、装置。
  8. 請求項7に記載の装置において、前記外シースは、前記バットレス及び前記ベース部分を完全に覆う、装置。
  9. 請求項8に記載の装置において、前記可撓性材料は実質的に生体親和性の動物組織材料である、装置。
  10. 請求項9に記載の装置において、前記生体親和性動物組織材料は動物心膜である、装置。
  11. 請求項1に記載の装置において、前記ベース部分を取り囲む埋め込みフランジを更に含む、装置。
  12. 請求項11に記載の装置において、前記埋め込みフランジは、実質的に可撓性の材料で形成されている、装置。
  13. 請求項12に記載の装置において、前記埋め込みフランジは、実質的に生体親和性の動物組織材料で形成されている、装置。
  14. 請求項13に記載の装置において、前記動物組織材料は動物心膜である、装置。
  15. 請求項1に記載の装置において、前記バットレスの前記表面を形成する可撓性材料シートを支持するため、前記環状ベース部分から全体に軸線方向に延びる二つの細長いポストを更に含み、前記可撓性材料シートは、前記ベース部分の周囲円弧から延び、二つのポストの各々に連結されている、装置。
  16. 請求項15に記載の装置において、前記ポストは全体に剛性の材料で形成されている、装置。
  17. 請求項16に記載の装置において、前記可撓性材料シートは、実質的に生体親和性の動物組織材料である、装置。
  18. 請求項15に記載の装置において、前記ポストの各々は前記ベース部分から延びており、夫々の先端で終端し、本装置は、前記ポストの先端を連結する相互連結支持部分を更に含む、装置。
  19. 心臓弁の作動の改善を補助するための装置において、
    全体に環状のベース部分及びこのベース部分に対して全体に軸線方向に且つ内方に延びる支持部分を含み、前記支持部分は前記ベース部分から間隔が隔てられた先端で終端する、フレーム、及び
    前記ベース部分の円弧から前記フレームの先端近くの前記フレームの前記支持部分まで延び、収縮期の弁膜尖に倣う寸法及び形体に定められた表面を有するバットレスを形成する、実質的に可撓性材料製のシースであって、前記装置を埋め込んだときに前記心臓弁の弁膜尖が移動して前記バットレスの前記表面と係合したり外れたりして前記装置に対する実質的な単向血流を提供する、シースを含む、装置。
  20. 請求項19に記載の装置において、前記全体に環状のベース部分は全体にC形状のベース部分であり、このC形状ベース部分の両端間に湾曲長さを有し、前記バットレスは、C形状ベース部分の両端の中間の円弧部分から延びる、装置。
  21. 請求項19に記載の装置において、前記フレームの前記支持部分は、前記ベース部分から半径方向内方に且つ軸線方向に第1長さ延び、次いでその第2長さに亘って外方に湾曲しており、前記可撓性材料製シースは、前記フレームの形状と形態が実質的に一致する、装置。
  22. 請求項19に記載の装置において、前記環状ベース部分は完全なリングであり、穴が前記環状ベース部分の前記バットレスと両側部との間で前記装置を通って延びる、装置。
  23. 請求項19に記載の装置において、前記可撓性材料製シースは、実質的に生体親和性の動物組織である、装置。
  24. 請求項23に記載の装置において、前記生体親和性動物組織は動物心膜である、装置。
  25. 請求項19に記載の装置において、前記ベース部分の少なくとも大部分を取り囲む埋め込みフランジを更に含む、装置。
  26. 請求項19に記載の装置において、前記フランジの前記支持部分は、前記環状ベース部分から全体に軸線方向に延びる二つの細長いポストを更に含み、これらのポストは、その間を延びる前記可撓性材料製シースを支持し、前記バットレスの前記表面を形成する、装置。
  27. 請求項26に記載の装置において、前記ポストは全体に剛性の材料で形成されている、装置。
  28. 請求項26に記載の装置において、二つのポストの各々は、前記ベース部分から延び、その先端で終端し、前記フレームの前記支持部分は、前記ポストの前記先端間を連結する相互連結部材を更に含む、装置。
  29. 心臓弁の作動の改善を補助するための装置において、
    心臓弁の輪状構造に取り付けるための支持手段であって、この支持手段を通る血流を許容する支持手段、及び
    前記装置を輪状構造に取り付けた場合に前記装置に対する血流を制御するために前記心臓弁の弁膜尖が移動して係合したり外れたりする、収縮期の弁膜尖に倣う寸法及び形体に定められた表面を提供するため、前記支持手段から延びるバットレス手段を含む、装置。
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EP1294310A1 (en) 2003-03-26
US20030033009A1 (en) 2003-02-13
US7374572B2 (en) 2008-05-20
CA2409773C (en) 2007-07-10
WO2001089418A1 (en) 2001-11-29
US6419695B1 (en) 2002-07-16
CA2409773A1 (en) 2001-11-29
EP1294310B1 (en) 2008-07-30
JP2003533334A (ja) 2003-11-11
AU2001259551A1 (en) 2001-12-03
EP1294310A4 (en) 2004-07-07
DE60135119D1 (de) 2008-09-11
ATE402669T1 (de) 2008-08-15

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