JP4250661B2 - 不活性化耐性第viii因子 - Google Patents
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Description
本出願は1996年4月24日に出願の米国出願番号第60/016,117号および1996年5月15日に出願の米国出願番号第60/017,785号の一部継続出願であり、本明細書に引用して明確に包含させる。
本発明の研究は、米国政府により、国立衛生研究所により認められた認可HL53777およびHL52173のもとに支持されている。政府は本発明に一定の権限を有し得る。
本発明は一般に凝血促進性−活性タンパク質およびより具体的に、野生型第VIII因子で典型的に得られるよりも高いレベルで分泌できる第VIII因子タンパク質、APC耐性第VIII因子タンパク質および不活性耐性第VIII因子タンパク質をコードするヌクレオチドに関する。
A−ドメインは330アミノ酸であり、互いに、ならびにFVのA−ドメインおよび血漿銅結合タンパク質セルロプラスミンと40%アミノ酸相同性を有する。Takahashi, N., et al., PNAS (USA) 81:390−394 (1984)。各C−ドメインは150アミノ酸であり、FVのC−ドメインと、並びに糖結合体(glycoconjugate)および陰性荷電リン脂質と40%相同性である。Stubbs, J. D. et al., PNAS (USA) 87:8417−8421 (1990)。FVIII B−ドメインは単一エクソンによりコードされ、FV B−ドメインを含む既知のタンパク質とほとんど相同性を示さない。Gitschier, J. et al., Nature 312:326−330 (1984)およびCripe, L. D. et al., Biochemistry 31:3777−3785 (1992)。
ウィルブラント因子のアミノ末端の一級結合部位に結合している。トロンビンによるタンパク質分解活性化により、FVIIIは活性化されて2重鎖フラグメント(A1、50kDaフラグメント、およびA2、43kDaフラグメント)および軽鎖(A3−C1−C2、73kDa鎖)のヘテロトリマーとなる。FVIII(FVIIIa)は、このようにトロンビン−開裂A3−C1−C2軽鎖への2価金属イオン結合を介して結合したA1−サブユニットおよびイオン結合を介してA1ドメインと結合している遊離A2サブユニットから構成される(図1A参照)。Eaton, D. et al., Biochemistry 25:505 (1986);Lollar, P. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 266:12481 (1991);およびFay, P. J. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 266:8957 (1991)。このFVIIIaヘテロトリマーは不安定であり、生理学的条件下でA2サブユニットの分解を介して急速に不活性化される。
本発明は、凝血促進活性FVIIIタンパク質をコードする新規精製および単離核酸配列を提供する。一つの態様において、本発明の核酸配列は、A1−ドメイン、特にアミノ酸残基309のフェニルアラニンが変異した既知のヒトFVIII配列に対応するアミノ酸配列をコードする。好ましい態様において、Phe309は欠失しているか、他のアミノ酸残基、好ましくはセリンに置換されている。得られるFVIIIタンパク質は野生型FVIIIで典型的に得られるより高いレベルで分泌され、凝血促進活性を保持する。
凝血促進活性FVIIIをコードする新規精製および単離核酸配列を提供する。A1−ドメイン変異を含む、既知のヒトFVIIIに対応するアミノ酸配列をコードする核酸配列が提供される。より具体的に、核酸配列は、アミノ酸残基309のフェニルアラニンが変異した既知のヒトFVIII配列に対応するアミノ酸配列をコードするように提供される。好ましい態様において、Phe309は欠失しているか、他のアミノ酸残基、好ましくはセリンで置換されている。得られるFVIIIタンパク質は野生型FVIIIで得られるよりも高いレベルで分泌され、凝血促進活性を保持する。
A1−ドメイン変異第VIII因子の製造および分析
FVIIIの226−336領域(残基1は天然、成熟FVIIIタンパク質の最初のアミノ酸残基)への7量体ペプチドのBiP結合能を予測するために、統計学的アルゴリズム(Blond−Elguindi, S. et al., Cell 75:717−728 81993))を適用した。残基Leu303からPhe309は+14のBiP結合スコアを有することが(+10を超えるスコアはBiP結合の非常に高い可能性を有する)判明した。Fay, P. J. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 266:8957−8962 (1991)。この領域は11アミノ酸中7個がLeuまたはPheである、疎水性集団を含む。
APC耐性第VIII因子の製造および分析
実験方法
材料。FVIII欠失血漿および正常貯蔵ヒト血清をGeorge King Biomedical, Inc., (Ocerland Park, KS)から得た。CL4B−セファロースに結合するFVIII(F8)の重鎖に対するモノクローナル抗体を使用し、既知の方法で製造した。活性化部分的トロンボプラスチン(Automated APTT試薬)をGeneral Diagnostics Organon Teknika Corporation (Durham, NC)から購入した。大豆トリプシン阻害剤であるフェニルメチルスルホニルフロリド(PMSF)およびアプロチニンをBoehringer, Mannheim GmbH (Mannheim, Germany)から購入した。ヒトα−トロンビンをSigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO)から得た。ヒトAPCをEnzyme Research Laboratories, Inc., (South Bend, IN)から購入した。ダルベッコ修飾イーグル培地(DMEM)、イーグル培地のα−修飾(α−MEM)および無メチオニンDMEMをGibco BRL(Gaithersburg, MD)から得た。ウシ胎児血清をPAA Laboratories Inc., (Newport Beach, CA)から得た。
R336I、R562KおよびR336I/R562K変異FVIII分子は野生型FVIIIと同様にFVIII活性を有して効率的に分泌される。FVIIIの活性および分泌を、COS−1サル細胞の一過性DNAトランスフェクションにより測定した。条件培地中のFVIII凝血活性は、全変異体が野生型FVIIIと同様の、約300mU/mlのFVIIIを有することを証明する(表1参照)。条件培地サンプルのトロンビン活性化は、トロンビン活性化と凝血促進活性衰退の速度に差異のないことを示した。図3に示されるように、サンプルはトロンビン添加10秒後にすぐに活性化(3−5倍)され、すぐに不活性化された。図3において、記号は野生型FVIII(×)、R3361I(●)、R562K(◇)およびR336I/R562K(▲)を示す。FVIII分泌を測定するために、トランスフェクション細胞を[35S]−メチオニンで2時間標識し、次いで4時間、過剰な非標識メチオニン含有培地で追跡した。分泌タンパク質を標識条件培地の免疫沈降により分析した。図4Aに示すように、野生型FVIIIおよび全変異体は300kDa一本鎖および200kDa重鎖および80kDa軽鎖として同様のレベルを分泌した。図4Bに示すように、全分子のトロンビン開裂は、予期した通り、73kDaで移動する軽鎖および50kDa A1−ドメインおよび43kDa A2−ドメインに対応する重鎖由来フラグメントを発生させた(図4B)。加えて、野生型FVIIIおよびR562Kに関して(図4B、レーン7および9)、残基336で開裂があり、45kDa種を発生する。比較して、R336IおよびR336I/R562K(図4B、レーン8および10)変異体は45kDa種を発生させず、残基336でのイソロイシン変異が発現トロンビンによる開裂に抵抗性であることを示す。図4Aおよび4Bで、分子サイズマーカーを左に示し、“Mock”はDNAを受けていない細胞を示し、sc、hcおよびlcはそれぞれ一本鎖、重鎖および軽鎖を示す。
全ての変異体は野生型FVIIIと同じFVIII活性で、効率的にCOS−1から分泌された。APC開裂の分析は、タンパク質の[35S]−メチオニン標識および免疫沈降に続く条件培地中のFVIIIの分析で行った。R336I変異体は残基336で、開裂に部分的に耐性であったが、Arg562での開裂には感受性であった。一方、R562K変異体は残基562での開裂には完全に耐性であったが、Arg336での開裂には感受性であった。これらの結果は、Arg336およびArg562の単一変異は変異部位での開裂に影響し、FVIIIのこれら二つの部位におけるAPC開裂に必要な命令ではないことを示す。二重変異体R336I/R562Kは残基336での開裂に部分的に耐性であり、残基562で完全に耐性であった。R336Iの開裂は、二重変異体R336I/K338Iがこの部位での開裂に完全に耐性であるため、隣接残基であるLys338で同様に起こる。これらの結果は、FVIIIのAPC開裂を不完全にできる、即ち、開裂に厳格な間隔要求がないことを示す。
不活性化耐性第VIII因子の製造および分析
実験法
材料。抗重鎖第VIII因子モノクローナル抗体(F−8)、CL−4Bセファロースに結合したF−8および精製組換え第VIII因子タンパク質をGenetics Institute Inc. (Cambridge, MA)から得た。抗ヒトvWFホースラディッシュペルオキシダーゼ(HRP)−結合ウサギ抗体をDako Corp. (Carpinteria)から得た。抗軽鎖第VIII因子モノクローナル抗体、ESH−4およびESH−8をAmerican Diagnositca, Inc. (Greenwich, CT)から得た。第VIII因子欠失および正常貯蔵ヒト血清をGeorge King Biomedical, Inc (Overland Park, KA)から得た。活性化部分トロンボプラスチン(Automated APTT試薬)およびCaCl2をGeneral Diagnostics Organon Teknika Corporation (Durham, NC)から得た。ヒトトロンビン、大豆トリプシン阻害剤、フェニルメチルスルホニルフロリドおよびアプロチニンはBoerhinger, Mannheim GmbH (Mannheim, Germany)から得た。O−フェニレンジアミンジヒドロクロライド(OPD)はSigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO)から得た。[35S]−メチオニン(>1000Ci/mol)をAmersham Corp. (Arlington Heights, IL)から得た。En3HanceをDupont (Boston, MA)から得た。ウシ胎児血清をPAA Laboratories Inc. (Newport Beach, CA)から得た。ダルベッコ修飾イーグル培地(DMEM)、無メチオニンDMEM、OptiMEM、ビオチンN−ヒドロキシサクシンイミドエステルおよびストレプトアビジン−ホースラディッシュペルオキシダーゼ結合体をGibco BRL (Gaithersburg, MD)から得た。
FVIII不活性化耐性の発生。上記の構築物は全て、B−ドメイン(残基795から1647)およびvWF結合部位(残基1648から1688、また軽鎖のアミノ末端の酸性領域とも呼ぶ)が欠失している90/73を基本にしている。Nesheim, M. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 266:17815−17820 (1991)およびPittman, D. et al., Blood 70, Abstruct No. 392 (1987)。図8は野生型FVIIIおよび上記構築物ならびにAPCおよびトロンビン開裂部位での変異体を示す。本明細書および図8での記載において、“b”は、A2−ドメインが軽鎖と共有結合したままである、タンパク質が、ヘテロダイマーとなるために、トロンビンにより活性化されるために十分な長さを可能にするものである。好ましい態様において、アミノ酸配列スペーサーは好ましくは野生型B−ドメインのアミノ部分、即ちアミノ酸残基741から793であり、MIul部位(クローニング目的の)に続き、残基794予測されるアミノ酸スレオニンまたはロイシン、好ましくはスレオニン、および795/1689にアルギニンを有する。
不活性化耐性第VIII因子の誘導可能vWF結合
実験法
イムロン2マイクロタイターウェル(Dynatech Laboratoreis, Inc.Chantilly, VA)を、2μg/mlの濃度のFVIII抗体で、一晩4℃で、0.05M炭酸ナトリウム/炭酸水素ナトリウム、pH9.6の緩衝液中でコートした。ウェルをTBST(50mMトリスHCl/pH7.6、150mM NaCl、0.05%トゥイン20)で洗浄し、次いでTBST中の3%ウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)でブロックした。タンパク質サンプルをTBST、3%BSA、1%第VIII因子欠失ヒト血清±ESH8(ESH:FVIIIタンパク質のモル比=2:1)で希釈した。サンプルを2時間、37℃で1.7mlマイクロチューブ中でインキュベートした。次いで、サンプルを更に2時間ブロックおよび洗浄マイクロタイターウェルでインキュベートした。次いで、ウェルを10mM CaCl2含有TBSTで洗浄した。抗vWF−HRP抗体をTBST、3%BSA、10mM CaCl2で希釈し、ウェル中で2時間、37℃でインキュベートした。10mM CaCl2含有TBSTでの更なる洗浄後、OPD基質をウェルに添加し、3分インキュベートした。発色反応を2M H2SO4で停止させ、光学濃度(O.D.)をEL 340自動マイクロプレートリーダー(Biotek Instruments Inc., Winooski, VT)を使用して、790mnで読み取った。
図14はFVIII−vWF結合ELISAの結果を示す。抗−A2−ドメインとラップを使用した。FVIII−欠失血漿(1:100希釈)との4時間のインキュベーション後、結合をペルオキシダーゼ結合抗−vWFabで検出した。図14に示されるように、野生型FVIIIと比較して、IR8のvWFに対する10倍低い結合親和性がESH8非存在下で、およびESH8の存在下で2倍低い結合親和性が観察された。
医薬組成物および使用
医薬組成物
本発明のFVIIIタンパク質は、当業者に既知の方法に従って、非経口に許容し得る媒体および賦形剤と製薬学的に許容される組成物に調剤できる。本発明の医薬組成物は、非経口投与に適しており、簡便には、好ましくは受容者の血液と等張の溶液を製造するために、滅菌溶液の添加により再構成し得る、タンパク質の滅菌凍結乾燥製剤を含む。製剤は例えば、単位または多投与量容器、密封アンプルまたはバイアル中に存在し得る。
本発明のタンパク質を含む医薬組成物は、FVIII欠失によりもたらされる血友病に罹患している患者の処置に使用し得る。
Claims (14)
- 修飾されているヒトFVIIIポリペプチドを含む凝血促進活性FVIIIタンパク質であって、該修飾がBドメインの欠失、フォン ウィルブラント因子結合部位の欠失、740位のArgのAlaへの変異(ここで、変異が、740位の後のトロンビン仲介開裂を不活性化する)およびA2−とA3−ドメインの間のアミノ酸配列スペーサーの付加(ここで、該アミノ酸配列スペーサーは、トロンビンにより活性化され、A2−ドメインが軽鎖と共有結合しているヘテロダイマーとなるために十分な長さである)を含む、凝血促進活性FVIIIタンパク質。
- 修飾が更に336位のArg残基のIleへの置換および562位のArg残基のLysへの置換を含む、請求項1記載のタンパク質。
- 修飾が更にPhe309のSerへの置換を含む、請求項1記載のタンパク質。
- アミノ酸配列スペーサーが54残基の長さである、請求項1記載のタンパク質。
- アミノ酸配列スペーサーが、794位の残基がスレオニンおよびロイシンからなる群から選択されたものである、野生型FVIIIの残基741から794を含む、請求項4記載のタンパク質。
- 794位の残基がスレオニンである、請求項5記載のタンパク質。
- 請求項1記載のタンパク質をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む核酸分子。
- 請求項7記載の核酸分子を含む発現ベクター。
- 請求項7記載の核酸分子で形質転換またはトランスフェクトされた宿主細胞。
- 非経口に許容される媒体または賦形剤との混合物である有効量の請求項1記載のタンパク質を含む、医薬組成物。
- a)請求項7記載の核酸分子で形質転換またはトランスフェクトした宿主細胞を培養して生育させる;そして
b)上記宿主細胞から、核酸分子の発現のポリペプチド生産物を単離する:
段階を含む、凝血促進活性タンパク質の製造法。 - タンパク質およびフォン ウィルブラント因子を含む血漿に、フォン ウィルブラント因子へのタンパク質の結合親和性を増加させる抗体または架橋剤を挿入する段階を含む、血漿中のフォン ウィルブラント因子への請求項1記載のタンパク質の結合を増加させる方法。
- 抗体がタンパク質のアミノ酸2248から2285のエピトープを認識する、請求項12記載の方法。
- 抗体がESH8である、請求項13記載の方法。
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1997
- 1997-04-24 EP EP97927596A patent/EP0910628B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1997-04-24 DE DE69735421T patent/DE69735421T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-24 AU AU32027/97A patent/AU3202797A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-04-24 AT AT06004484T patent/ATE502958T1/de active
- 1997-04-24 AT AT97927596T patent/ATE319817T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-04-24 DK DK06004484.9T patent/DK1754718T3/da active
- 1997-04-24 EP EP10157809A patent/EP2202242A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-04-24 WO PCT/US1997/006563 patent/WO1997040145A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-04-24 PT PT06004484T patent/PT1754718E/pt unknown
- 1997-04-24 DE DE69740154T patent/DE69740154D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2001
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7459534B2 (en) | 2008-12-02 |
ATE319817T1 (de) | 2006-03-15 |
EP0910628B1 (en) | 2006-03-08 |
AU3202797A (en) | 1997-11-12 |
EP0910628A1 (en) | 1999-04-28 |
PT1754718E (pt) | 2011-07-13 |
DK1754718T3 (da) | 2011-07-18 |
DE69740154D1 (de) | 2011-05-05 |
JP2007228973A (ja) | 2007-09-13 |
EP1754718A3 (en) | 2007-05-16 |
US6838437B2 (en) | 2005-01-04 |
CA2252896C (en) | 2009-03-10 |
ATE502958T1 (de) | 2011-04-15 |
EP0910628A4 (en) | 2001-05-02 |
CA2252896A1 (en) | 1997-10-30 |
JP2000511407A (ja) | 2000-09-05 |
US20060014683A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
DE69735421T2 (de) | 2006-10-19 |
EP1754718B1 (en) | 2011-03-23 |
US20020132306A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
EP2202242A1 (en) | 2010-06-30 |
EP1754718A2 (en) | 2007-02-21 |
WO1997040145A1 (en) | 1997-10-30 |
DE69735421D1 (de) | 2006-05-04 |
JP3987114B2 (ja) | 2007-10-03 |
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