JP4236426B2 - Fertilizer manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

【００４２】
表１において、下記の符号はそれぞれ下記の意味を有する。
Ａ：極めて良好
Ｂ：良好
Ｃ：やや良
Ｄ：中程度〜やや不良
【００４３】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明は下記の如き優れた効果を発揮する。
【００４４】
▲１▼予めバナナの果肉の一部と果皮と果梗とを生ゴミから分別し、プラスチック類や金属類の混入を当初から避けておけば、バナナの果肉の一部と果皮と果梗とは、プラスチック類や金属類等の異物を含まない有利な肥料物質となり得るのである。即ち、生ゴミを原料とする肥料と異なり、本発明は、バナナの果肉の一部と果皮と果梗とを肥料の原料とするため、原料からプラスチック類、鉄類、アルミニウム類等の異物を除去する必要性がない。従って、これらの異物の除去作業に関する設備や費用が不要となりる結果、肥料の製造コストを低減させることができる。
【００４５】
▲２▼バナナの果肉の一部と果皮と果梗とを切断し、これをバーク堆肥に添加し醗酵させてなる肥料は、Ｃ／Ｎ比が高いが、即易分解性の単糖類、二糖類までＣが糖化醗酵し、更に堆肥の物理的効果（透水性、通気性の改善）と化学的効果（堆肥中の微生物及び窒素分の豊富なこと）があるため、上述の如く窒素飢餓を起こすおそれが殆どなく、原土の変動や水切が悪い土壌に対しても好ましい成果を与える。また、この効果の持続性も良好である。バーク堆肥はそれ自体が脱臭効果及び菌体による糖類の急速醗酵効果を与え、また自らもＮ、Ｐを含んでいるので窒素危機を生ずることがなく、更に施用時に悪臭が生ずることはない。
【００４６】
▲３▼バナナの果肉の一部と果皮と果梗はカリウムの含有率が高いため、バナナの果肉の一部と果皮と果梗を原料とする肥料はカリウムを多く含む優れた肥料であり、バナナの成分とバーク堆肥の成分・物理性とは両者互いに補完して優れた肥料・土壌改良効果を発揮する。
【００４７】
▲４▼バナナの果肉の一部と果皮と果梗とを原料として製造された肥料は、バナナ等の果物の生産用に使用することができる。換言すれば、バナナから生じた廃棄物をバナナ等の生産用にリサイクルすることにより、資源の節約を図ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明による肥料の製造方法の一例を示す工程図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a fertilizer, and more particularly, to a method for producing a highly fertile special fertilizer obtained by adding a portion of banana pulp, peel and fruit to bark compost and fermenting it. It is.
[0002]
The fertilizer produced by the method of the present invention is a high-grade special fertilizer obtained by greatly modifying bark compost and a soil improver.
[0003]
[Prior art]
A fertilizer obtained by adding a part of banana pulp, pericarp and curd to bark compost and fermenting it, and its production method have not been known.
[0004]
As a method for producing fertilizer using raw garbage as a raw material, the following is already known.
[0005]
This conventional method for producing fertilizer is to crush raw garbage as cooking residue, dry it, perform particle size sorting to remove excessive residues and metal pieces, and further to remove nitrogenous fertilizer or chicken manure, sewage sludge, etc. Additives are added and kneaded in a kneader, and the C / N ratio (carbon ratio or carbon / nitrogen ratio) of the raw material is reduced to 8 to 10 and dried.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the conventional method for producing fertilizer has the following problems.
[0007]
(B) In the above conventional fertilizer production method, in order to prevent nitrogen starvation from occurring by lowering the C / N ratio of raw materials, the raw materials are nitrogenous fertilizers such as urea and ammonium sulfate or chicken manure and sewage sludge. It is required to add additives. By adding such an additive, a bad odor is produced in the fertilizer as a product.
[0008]
(B) Since raw garbage as raw materials is cooking residue discharged from business establishments or general households, plastics, irons, etc. that formed food packaging plastic containers, metal containers, aluminum foil, etc. Contains a large amount of foreign matter such as aluminum. Therefore, it is required to remove these foreign substances from raw garbage as a raw material. A considerable amount of equipment is required for the removal work of the foreign matter. Therefore, the conventional method for producing a fertilizer is inevitable that the equipment cost increases.
[0009]
In view of the circumstances as described above, the present invention adds waste materials such as urea, ammonium sulfate and other nitrogenous fertilizers, or poultry manure and sewage sludge to reduce the C / N ratio of the raw materials. The present invention has been made in an attempt to provide a novel fertilizer manufacturing method that eliminates the necessity and the necessity of removing foreign substances such as plastics, irons, and aluminum from raw materials.
[0010]
In addition, the present invention supplements K in bark compost that contains a large amount of N and P but lacks K, and in addition to the original physical soil reforming effect of bark compost, it also provides effective microbial fermentation. In this way, a substance such as an amino acid is generated to improve the chemical active ingredient so that the wood-based general-purpose compost can be used for advanced agricultural and horticultural applications.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of various studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor has focused on a banana that is imported to our country by more than 1 million tons per year and a part of the pulp, the skin and the curd are always discarded in large quantities. The idea was to add a part of the banana flesh, peel and kerat to the bark compost and ferment it.
[0012]
In other words, the banana is sugar-ripened with a part of the pulp, the skin and the curd, and the part of the discarded fruit, the skin and the curd is about 40% of the whole banana. However, if part of the banana flesh, the skin and the curd are separated from the raw garbage in advance, and the mixture of plastics and metals is avoided from the beginning, a part of the banana flesh, the skin and the fruit Infarction, combined with the high potassium content, can be an advantageous fertilizer material that does not contain foreign substances such as plastics and metals.
[0013]
In addition, even if it has a high C / N ratio that would be a problem with ordinary carbohydrates (starch or fibrin), there are many components close to monosaccharides in part of the banana pulp, pericarp and pericarp. It is thought that even if there is a lot of carbon, it will decompose quickly in the soil and will not cause nitrogen starvation.
[0014]
On the other hand, a large amount of microbial cells are present in bark compost, and an excellent aerobic fermentation is performed using a monosaccharide or disaccharide of ripe banana as a nutrient source, and a substance having an excellent fertilization effect is generated. Bark compost has a lot of N and P, and there was a problem of K deficiency, but it is supplemented by adding a part of banana pulp, pericarp and curd to bark compost.
[0015]
Furthermore, fermenting with banana alone (or banana added with urea) tends to become sticky sludge-like fertilizer, but fertilizer that is mixed with bark compost and fermented and matured can be used as fertilizer, soil As an improved material, it is an excellent soil foundation with a good balance of air permeability, water permeability, water retention and fertilizer retention.
[0016]
For this reason, fertilizers that are fermented and ripened with banana mixed with bark compost are compared to those obtained by adding fertilizer to normal soil or soil, or those obtained by adding soil improver to soil in the growth comparison test. Remarkably good growth results.
[0017]
Based on the above considerations, the present invention provides a method for producing a fertilizer characterized by cutting a part of a banana pulp, pericarp and kerat, adding this to bark compost and fermenting it. .
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0019]
In the present invention, after drying and cutting a part of the banana flesh, pericarp and flesh, it is heat-molded, but the fertilizer produced in this way is a part of the banana flesh and pericarp. It is an organic fertilizer that uses only the curd as a raw material, and is a by-product vegetable fertilizer.
[0020]
If you separate a part of banana flesh, peel and curd from raw garbage in advance and avoid mixing plastics and metals from the beginning, part of banana flesh, peel and flesh are plastics It can be an advantageous fertilizer substance that does not contain foreign substances such as metal and metals.
[0021]
The content of potassium in banana is 350 to 450 mg / 100 g, and this content is 3 to 4 times that of general fruits.
[0022]
In a part of the banana pulp, pericarp and keratin, the glucose chain of the polymer starch, which is carbon, is cleaved during the ripe fermentation process to turn into soluble saccharides, which are very easily degraded.
[0023]
Even if it has a high C / N ratio that would be a problem with ordinary carbohydrates (starch or fibrin), the banana pulp part, pericarp and pericarp are mainly composed of monosaccharide and disaccharide sugars. In addition, since nitrogen is replenished immediately by microorganisms in the soil and nitrogen supplementation occurs, nitrogen starvation is resolved immediately despite the high carbon content, and virtually no problems occur. Therefore, in the case of using a part of banana flesh, pericarp and curd, in order to lower the C / N ratio and prevent the occurrence of nitrogen starvation, wood and raw bark having the same C / N ratio are used. Compared to other raw materials, etc., there is very little need to add nitrogenous fertilizers such as urea and ammonium sulfate or additives such as chicken manure and sewage sludge to the raw materials.
[0024]
In addition, some of the banana flesh, the peel and the curd originally contain a large amount of tannin to protect the flesh from foreign enemies. Fertilizers containing large amounts of tannins generally inhibit crop growth, but part of the banana flesh, peel and fruit are fermented and matured under sufficient oxygen supply and respiration. Since tannin in part, pericarp and pericarp is insolubilized, tannin in fertilizer using part of pericarp and pericarp and pericarp does not have a negative effect. In particular, an aged product containing bark compost had no inhibitory effect. Rather, as described later, better growth and fruiting were observed than the comparative example.
[0025]
In the present invention, a fertilizer is produced by cutting a part of the banana pulp, pericarp and cuticle and adding bark compost. In other words, the banana residue is not sticky, sticky and carbonized or easily adheres to the equipment, and because it contains a lot of soluble sugars, it tends to cause loss, and when used as a fertilizer, There is a tendency to impair water permeability and air permeability. Therefore, when bark compost was added to the banana residue, this effective sugar content was retained with a good yield, and the effect of improving sugar content was recognized in cherry tomatoes. This seems to be due to the fertilization effect such as fermentation-generated amino acids that could not be obtained with the conventional bark compost alone.
[0026]
Furthermore, bark compost has a lot of N and P as fertilizers and lacks K. However, when banana dry matter with very high K content is added to this bark compost, the relative amount of N, P and K Balance is improved and good organic fertilizer is formed. In addition, compared to banana fertilizer alone, the effect of improving the physical properties (permeability, water permeability) and maintaining bulkiness of bark compost is demonstrated, providing a good growth base that could not be obtained only with conventional ordinary fertilizers Can do.
[0027]
【Example】
[Example 1]
A total of 10 parts by weight of a part of banana flesh, pericarp and curd and 90 parts by weight of bark compost were blended and fermented to obtain a fertilizer.
[0028]
[Example 2]
By adding a total of 10 parts by weight of a part of banana pulp, pericarp and curd and 90 parts by weight of bark compost and adding fertilizer to the fermented product, N: P: K = 10: 10: The fertilizer was obtained by correcting to 10.
[0029]
[Comparative Example 1]
Fertilizer was obtained from a part of banana flesh, pericarp and pericarp.
[0030]
[Comparative Example 2]
As Comparative Example 2, bark compost was obtained.
[0031]
[Comparative Example 3]
A fertilizer was obtained by blending a total of 10 parts by weight of a part of banana flesh, pericarp and curd and 90 parts by weight of bark compost.
[0032]
[Comparative Example 4]
As Comparative Example 4, rapeseed manure was obtained.
[0033]
[Comparative Example 5]
A fertilizer was obtained by adding a chemical fertilizer to a fertilizer composed of a part of banana pulp, pericarp and keratin to be N: P: K = 10: 10: 10.
[0034]
[Comparative Example 6]
A fertilizer was obtained by adding a chemical fertilizer to bark compost so that N: P: K = 10: 10: 10.
[0035]
[Comparative Example 7]
N: P: K = 10: 10: 10 by adding a chemical fertilizer to a fertilizer comprising a total of 10 parts by weight of banana pulp, pericarp and curd and 90 parts by weight of bark compost. The fertilizer was obtained after correction.
[0036]
[Comparative Example 8]
A fertilizer was obtained by adding a chemical fertilizer to rapeseed fertilizer and correcting it to be N: P: K = 10: 10: 10.
[0037]
About the said Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-8, the following tests were done.
[0038]
[Test method]
About the fertilizer obtained in Example 1 and the fertilizer obtained in Comparative Examples 1 to 4, 5 grams (in terms of dry matter) was added to 100 grams of raw soil composed of 80 grams of red jade and 20 grams of purified soil. Komatsuna and cherry tomato were sown on this soil, and the germination rate, the weight of the ground part (hereinafter referred to as “living weight”), the weight of the next year and the result of cherry tomatoes were observed.
[0039]
For the fertilizer obtained in Example 2 and the corrected effective equivalent converted fertilizer obtained in Comparative Examples 5 to 8, 1 gram equivalent is added to 100 grams of raw soil composed of 80 grams of red jade and 20 grams of purified water. did. Cherry tomato was sown on this soil, and the germination rate, live weight, live weight of the next year and cherry tomato results were observed.
[0040]
[Test results]
The results of the above test are shown in Table 1 below.
[0041]
[Table 1]

[0042]
In Table 1, the following symbols have the following meanings.
A: Extremely good B: Good C: Somewhat good D: Moderate to slightly bad
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention exhibits the following excellent effects.
[0044]
(1) If the banana pulp part, pericarp and flesh are separated from the raw garbage in advance, and the mixture of plastics and metals is avoided from the beginning, part of the banana flesh, pericarp and pericarp Can be an advantageous fertilizer material that does not contain foreign substances such as plastics and metals. That is, unlike fertilizers that use raw garbage as raw materials, the present invention uses a part of the banana pulp, fruit peel, and stems as raw materials for fertilizers, so that foreign materials such as plastics, irons, aluminums, etc. are removed from the raw materials. There is no need to remove. Therefore, equipment and costs for removing these foreign substances are not required, and as a result, the manufacturing cost of fertilizer can be reduced.
[0045]
(2) A fertilizer obtained by cutting a part of banana pulp, pericarp and curd and adding it to bark compost and fermenting it has a high C / N ratio. C is saccharified and fermented to sugars, and further, due to the physical effects of compost (improvement of water permeability and air permeability) and chemical effects (abundance of microorganisms and nitrogen in compost), There is almost no possibility of causing it, and it gives favorable results even for soil with poor fluctuations and drainage. Moreover, the sustainability of this effect is also good. Bark compost itself has a deodorizing effect and a rapid fermentation effect of saccharides by cells, and since it itself contains N and P, it does not cause a nitrogen crisis and does not cause bad odor during application.
[0046]
(3) Because the content of potassium is high in part of the banana pulp and pericarp and fruit, the fertilizer made from part of the banana fruit and pericarp and fruit is an excellent fertilizer containing a lot of potassium. Banana components and bark compost components and physical properties complement each other and exhibit excellent fertilizer and soil improvement effects.
[0047]
(4) A fertilizer produced using a part of banana pulp, pericarp and keratin as raw materials can be used for producing fruits such as bananas. In other words, resources can be saved by recycling waste generated from bananas for production of bananas and the like.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing an example of a method for producing a fertilizer according to the present invention.

Claims (1)

A method for producing a fertilizer, comprising cutting a part of banana pulp, pericarp and kerat, adding this to bark compost and fermenting it.

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