JP2004075492A - Method of manufacturing fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of manufacturing a fertile special fertilizer obtained by adding a part of the flesh of banana, the pericarp and the stem which are wasted in a large amount into bark compost. <P>SOLUTION: The method of manufacturing the fertilizer is performed by cutting a part of the flesh of banana, the pericarp and the stem and adding it to the bark compost and fermenting. An organic fertilizer in which the relative balance of N, P and K is improved is formed by adding a banana dried material containing a large quantity of K content to the bark compost containing a small quantity of K content, though containing a large quantity of N content and P content as fertilizer. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【００４２】
表１において、下記の符号はそれぞれ下記の意味を有する。
Ａ：極めて良好
Ｂ：良好
Ｃ：やや良
Ｄ：中程度〜やや不良
【００４３】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明は下記の如き優れた効果を発揮する。
【００４４】
▲１▼予めバナナの果肉の一部と果皮と果梗とを生ゴミから分別し、プラスチック類や金属類の混入を当初から避けておけば、バナナの果肉の一部と果皮と果梗とは、プラスチック類や金属類等の異物を含まない有利な肥料物質となり得るのである。即ち、生ゴミを原料とする肥料と異なり、本発明は、バナナの果肉の一部と果皮と果梗とを肥料の原料とするため、原料からプラスチック類、鉄類、アルミニウム類等の異物を除去する必要性がない。従って、これらの異物の除去作業に関する設備や費用が不要となりる結果、肥料の製造コストを低減させることができる。
【００４５】
▲２▼バナナの果肉の一部と果皮と果梗とを切断し、これをバーク堆肥に添加し醗酵させてなる肥料は、Ｃ／Ｎ比が高いが、即易分解性の単糖類、二糖類までＣが糖化醗酵し、更に堆肥の物理的効果（透水性、通気性の改善）と化学的効果（堆肥中の微生物及び窒素分の豊富なこと）があるため、上述の如く窒素飢餓を起こすおそれが殆どなく、原土の変動や水切が悪い土壌に対しても好ましい成果を与える。また、この効果の持続性も良好である。バーク堆肥はそれ自体が脱臭効果及び菌体による糖類の急速醗酵効果を与え、また自らもＮ、Ｐを含んでいるので窒素危機を生ずることがなく、更に施用時に悪臭が生ずることはない。
【００４６】
▲３▼バナナの果肉の一部と果皮と果梗はカリウムの含有率が高いため、バナナの果肉の一部と果皮と果梗を原料とする肥料はカリウムを多く含む優れた肥料であり、バナナの成分とバーク堆肥の成分・物理性とは両者互いに補完して優れた肥料・土壌改良効果を発揮する。
【００４７】
▲４▼バナナの果肉の一部と果皮と果梗とを原料として製造された肥料は、バナナ等の果物の生産用に使用することができる。換言すれば、バナナから生じた廃棄物をバナナ等の生産用にリサイクルすることにより、資源の節約を図ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明による肥料の製造方法の一例を示す工程図である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a fertilizer, and more particularly, to a method for producing a highly fertile special fertilizer obtained by adding a part of the flesh of a banana, a pericarp, and a stalk to a bark compost and fermenting it. It is.
[0002]
The fertilizer produced by the method of the present invention is a high-grade special fertilizer obtained by greatly modifying bark compost and a soil amendment material.
[0003]
[Prior art]
A fertilizer obtained by adding a part of the pulp of a banana, a pericarp and a stalk to bark compost and fermenting it, and a method for producing the fertilizer have not been known.
[0004]
As a method of producing fertilizer using garbage as a raw material, the following is already known.
[0005]
This conventional method of manufacturing fertilizers involves crushing and drying raw garbage, which is a cooking residue, performing particle size sorting to remove excessive residues and metal chips, and further removing nitrogenous fertilizer or chicken manure or sewage sludge. Additives are added and the mixture is kneaded with a kneader, the C / N ratio (carbon ratio or carbon / nitrogen ratio) of the raw material is reduced to 8 to 10, and the mixture is dried and molded.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above-mentioned conventional method for producing fertilizer has the following problems.
[0007]
(A) In the above conventional method for producing fertilizers, in order to prevent nitrogen starvation by lowering the C / N ratio of the raw materials, the raw materials include nitrogenous fertilizers such as urea and ammonium sulfate or chicken manure or sewage sludge. It is required to add additives. The addition of such additives results in a bad smell of fertilizer as a product.
[0008]
(B) Raw garbage as a raw material is a cooking residue discharged from business establishments or general households. Therefore, plastics, irons, and the like that have formed plastic packaging containers, metal containers, and aluminum foil for foodstuffs. Contains a large amount of foreign substances such as aluminum. Therefore, it is required to remove these foreign substances from the raw garbage. A considerable amount of equipment is required for the operation of removing the foreign matter, and therefore, the above-mentioned conventional method for producing fertilizer cannot be avoided from increasing the cost of equipment.
[0009]
In view of the situation as described above, the present invention uses a waste as a raw material and adds a nitrogenous fertilizer such as urea or ammonium sulfate or an additive such as chicken manure or sewage sludge to the raw material in order to lower the C / N ratio of the raw material. An object of the present invention is to provide a novel fertilizer production method which eliminates the necessity and the necessity of removing foreign substances such as plastics, irons, and aluminums from raw materials.
[0010]
In addition, the present invention supplements K in bark compost which contains a large amount of N and P but lacks K, and furthermore, in addition to the physical soil modification effect inherent in bark compost, an effective microorganism fermentation In order to produce a substance such as an amino acid, thereby modifying a chemically active ingredient, and to make a wood-based general-purpose compost usable for advanced agricultural and horticultural applications.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of various studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor has focused on bananas that are imported to Japan more than 1 million tons per year and a part of the flesh, the pericarp and the pericarp are constantly discarded in large quantities. It was conceived to add a part of the banana pulp, pericarp, and pericarp to bark compost for fermentation.
[0012]
That is, a banana is a starch that is ripened in sugar with a part of the pulp, the skin and the stalk attached, and the part of the discarded pulp, the skin and the stalk are about 40% of the whole banana. However, if part of the banana pulp, pericarp, and stalks are separated from the garbage in advance and the mixing of plastics and metals is avoided from the beginning, part of the banana pulp, the pericarp, and the fruit Stems, combined with a high potassium content, can be an advantageous fertilizer substance that does not contain foreign substances such as plastics and metals.
[0013]
In addition, even if the carbohydrate (starch or cellulose) has a high C / N ratio that is problematic, a portion of the banana pulp, as well as the pericarp and pericarp, contains many components close to monosaccharides. However, it is thought that even if the amount of carbon is large, it decomposes immediately in the soil and does not cause nitrogen starvation.
[0014]
On the other hand, a large amount of microbial cells are present in bark compost, and excellent aerobic fermentation is performed using ripe banana monosaccharides and disaccharides as nutrients, thereby producing a substance having an excellent fertilizing effect. Bark compost has a lot of N and P and has a disadvantage of K deficiency, but the supplement is made by adding a part of banana pulp, pericarp and stalk to bark compost.
[0015]
Furthermore, fermentation with banana alone (or urea added to banana) is liable to become sticky sludge-like fertilizer, but fertilizer obtained by blending bark compost with fermentation and fermentation is used as soil fertilizer. As an improving material, it becomes an excellent soil cultivation base with good balance of breathability, water permeability, water retention and fertilization.
[0016]
For this reason, fertilizers obtained by mixing bark compost with banana and fermenting and aging are compared with those obtained by adding fertilizer to ordinary soil or soil in the growth comparison test, or those obtained by adding soil improver to soil. It produces a much better fruiting of growth.
[0017]
Based on the above considerations, the present invention provides a method for producing a fertilizer, which comprises cutting a part of the pulp of a banana, a pericarp, and a stalk, adding this to bark compost, and fermenting. .
[0018]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0019]
In the present invention, a part of the banana pulp, the pericarp and the pericarp are dried and cut, and then heat-molded.The fertilizer produced in this way is a part of the banana pulp and the pericarp. It is an organic fertilizer that uses only the stem as a raw material, and is a by-product vegetable fertilizer.
[0020]
If a part of the banana pulp, the skin and the stalks are separated from the garbage in advance and the mixing of plastics and metals is avoided from the beginning, the part of the banana pulp, the skin and the stalks will be plastic It can be an advantageous fertilizer substance that does not contain foreign substances such as metals and metals.
[0021]
Banana has a potassium content of 350 to 450 mg / 100 g, which is 3 to 4 times the level of common fruits.
[0022]
In a part of the banana pulp, the skin and the stalk, the glucose chain of the high molecular weight starch, which is carbon, is broken during the ripe fermentation process to be converted into a soluble saccharide, which is extremely easily decomposed.
[0023]
Even if a carbohydrate (starch or cellulose) has a high C / N ratio, which is problematic, a part of banana pulp, pericarp and stalks are mainly composed of sugars of monosaccharides and disaccharides. Yes, it decomposes immediately in the soil and replenishes nitrogen from microorganisms, so despite the high carbon content, nitrogen starvation is immediately eliminated and practically causes no problems. Therefore, when a part of the flesh of the banana, the skin and the stalk are used, in order to lower the C / N ratio and prevent nitrogen starvation, woody or raw bark having the same C / N ratio is used. Compared with other raw materials, it is very little necessary to add nitrogenous fertilizers such as urea and ammonium sulfate or additives such as chicken dung and sewage sludge to the raw materials.
[0024]
In addition, a part of the pulp of the banana, the skin and the stalk of the banana originally contain a large amount of tannin to protect the pulp from foreign enemies. Fertilizers containing large amounts of tannins generally inhibit the growth of crops, but some of the banana flesh, as well as the pericarp and stalk, are fermented and aged under sufficient oxygenation and respiratory action. Since the tannins in a part, pericarp and pericarp are insolubilized, the tannin in a part of the banana pulp and the fertilizer made from pericarp and pericarp does not have a negative effect. In particular, the aged product containing the bark compost had no inhibitory effect, but rather observed better growth and fruiting than the comparative example, as described later.
[0025]
In the present invention, a part of banana pulp, pericarp and pericarp is cut, and bark compost is added to produce a fertilizer. That is, the banana residue has no rigidity, is sticky and easily carbonizes or adheres to equipment, and because it has a large amount of soluble saccharides, it tends to cause loss when dewatering, and further, when used as fertilizer, It tends to impair water permeability and air permeability. Then, when bark compost was added to the banana residue, the effective sugar content was maintained at a high yield, and the effect of improving the sugar content in the mini tomato was recognized. This seems to be a fertilizing effect of fermentation-produced amino acids and the like, which could not be obtained by conventional bark compost alone.
[0026]
Furthermore, bark compost has a large amount of N and P as fertilizers, and lacks K. However, when a dried banana with a very high K content is added to this bark compost, the relative amounts of N, P, and K are reduced. The target balance is improved and good organic fertilizer is formed. In addition, compared to banana fertilizer alone, the effect of improving the physical properties (permeability, water permeability) and maintaining bulkiness of bark compost is exhibited, and a good growth base that can not be obtained with conventional ordinary fertilizer alone is provided. Can be.
[0027]
【Example】
[Example 1]
A part of banana flesh, a total of 10 parts by weight of pericarp and pericarp, and 90 parts by weight of bark compost were blended and fermented to obtain a fertilizer.
[0028]
[Example 2]
N: P: K = 10: 10 by adding a part of banana pulp, a total of 10 parts by weight of pericarp and pericarp and 90 parts by weight of bark compost, and adding a fertilizer to the fermented product. The fertilizer was obtained by correcting to be 10.
[0029]
[Comparative Example 1]
Fertilizer was obtained from a part of the flesh of the banana, the skin and the stalk.
[0030]
[Comparative Example 2]
As Comparative Example 2, bark compost was obtained.
[0031]
[Comparative Example 3]
Fertilizer was obtained by blending 10 parts by weight of a part of banana pulp, peel and pericarp and 90 parts by weight of bark compost.
[0032]
[Comparative Example 4]
As a comparative example 4, rapeseed manure was obtained.
[0033]
[Comparative Example 5]
A fertilizer was obtained by adding a chemical fertilizer to a fertilizer consisting of a part of banana pulp, pericarp, and pericarp so that N: P: K = 10: 10: 10.
[0034]
[Comparative Example 6]
A fertilizer was obtained by adding a chemical fertilizer to the bark compost so that N: P: K = 10: 10: 10.
[0035]
[Comparative Example 7]
N: P: K = 10: 10: 10 by adding a chemical fertilizer to a fertilizer obtained by mixing a part of banana flesh, a total of 10 parts by weight of pericarp and pericarp, and 90 parts by weight of bark compost The fertilizer was obtained with correction to be made.
[0036]
[Comparative Example 8]
Fertilizer was obtained by adding a chemical fertilizer to rapeseed manure so that N: P: K = 10: 10: 10.
[0037]
The following tests were performed on Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8.
[0038]
[Test method]
With respect to the fertilizer obtained in Example 1 and the fertilizers obtained in Comparative Examples 1 to 4, 5 g (in terms of dry matter) was added to 100 g of raw soil consisting of 80 g of red balls and 20 g of purified water soil. Komatsuna and cherry tomatoes were sown on this soil, and the germination rate, above-ground living weight (hereinafter, referred to as "living weight"), the following year's living weight, and the state of the performance of the tomato were observed.
[0039]
For the fertilizer obtained in Example 2 and the corrected equivalent-equivalent fertilizer obtained in Comparative Examples 5 to 8, 1 gram equivalent was added to 100 g of raw soil consisting of 80 g of red balls and 20 g of purified water soil. did. Mini tomatoes were sown on this soil, and the germination rate, fresh weight, next year's fresh weight and mini tomato results were observed.
[0040]
[Test results]
The results of the above test are shown in Table 1 below.
[0041]
[Table 1]

[0042]
In Table 1, the following symbols have the following meanings, respectively.
A: extremely good B: good C: fairly good D: moderate to slightly poor
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention exhibits the following excellent effects.
[0044]
(1) If a part of the banana pulp, the skin and the stalks are separated from the garbage in advance and the mixing of plastics and metals is avoided from the beginning, a part of the banana pulp, the rind and the stalks Can be an advantageous fertilizer substance free of foreign substances such as plastics and metals. That is, unlike fertilizers made from raw garbage, the present invention uses a portion of banana pulp, skin and stalks as raw materials for fertilizers, and therefore removes foreign substances such as plastics, irons, and aluminums from the raw materials. There is no need to remove. Therefore, equipment and costs related to the work of removing these foreign substances are not required, and as a result, the production cost of fertilizer can be reduced.
[0045]
(2) Fertilizers obtained by cutting a part of the pulp of the banana, the skin and the stalk, and adding this to bark compost for fermentation have a high C / N ratio. C is saccharified and fermented up to saccharides. Furthermore, since the compost has a physical effect (improvement of water permeability and air permeability) and a chemical effect (rich microorganisms and nitrogen in the compost), nitrogen starvation is performed as described above. It is unlikely to occur, and provides favorable results even for soils that have poor fluctuations and poor drainage. In addition, the persistence of this effect is good. The bark compost itself has a deodorizing effect and a rapid fermentation effect of saccharides by cells, and itself contains N and P, so that it does not cause a nitrogen crisis, and does not generate a bad smell during application.
[0046]
(3) Since part of the banana pulp, pericarp and stalks are high in potassium, the fertilizer made from banana pulp, pericarp and stalks is an excellent fertilizer containing a large amount of potassium, The components of banana and the components and physical properties of bark compost complement each other to exert an excellent fertilizer and soil improvement effect.
[0047]
{Circle over (4)} Fertilizers manufactured using a part of banana pulp, pericarp, and stalks as raw materials can be used for production of fruits such as bananas. In other words, resources can be saved by recycling waste generated from bananas for production of bananas and the like.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a process chart showing an example of a method for producing a fertilizer according to the present invention.

Claims (1)

A method for producing a fertilizer, comprising cutting a part of a banana pulp, a pericarp and a stalk, adding the cut to a bark compost, and fermenting.

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