JP4220782B2 - 体液障害および電解質障害をモニターするためのデバイスおよび方法 - Google Patents
体液障害および電解質障害をモニターするためのデバイスおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
体液バランスの維持は、臨床的に病気の患者のケアおよび処置において最も重要な事であるが、医師は、この不可欠な任務において、それらを補助する診断手段をほとんど持っていない。うっ血性心不全を有する患者は、例えば、慢性の全身性浮腫に頻繁に罹患し、このような患者は、適切な組織灌流を確実にし、そして危険な電解質平衡異常を回避するための厳しい制限内で制御されねばならない。下痢に罹患している乳児および子供の脱水症は、迅速に認識されて処置されない場合、命を脅かし得る。
本発明の実施形態は、体液バランスの回復を補助する治療介入を容易にするために、分光光度法を用いて体液関連の測定基準(metrics)を測定するデバイスおよび方法を提供する。この特定の体液関連の測定基準としては、脈管外および脈管内の組織コンパートメント中の水分の絶対体積分画、ならびにこれら2つの成分間の水分の変化が挙げられる。この水分の真体積フラクションは、アルゴリズムを用いて決定され、ここで2つ以上の波長で測定された受け取った照射は、単独の比、比の和、またはlog[R(λ1)/R(λ2)]の形態の比の比(ratio of ratios)のいずれかを形成するよう組み合わされる。このlog[R(λ1)/R(λ2)]の形態では、分子において、受容された照射は水の吸光度に主に依存し、そして分母において、受容された照射は、水の吸光度および組織中の非ヘムタンパク質および脂質の吸光度の和に主に依存する。
本発明の実施形態は、侵襲性の、自覚的かつ不正確という問題点を克服する。体液評価のためのこれまでの方法は、これらの問題点に苦しんできた。拡散反射近赤外(「NIR」)分光法が、皮膚内の絶対的な水フラクションを測定するために使用される。皮膚の自由(タンパク質結合しない)水分含量における増加および減少は、波長(1100〜1350nm、1500〜1800nm、および2000〜2300nm)の3つの主要バンドにおけるそのNIR反射スペクトルの独特の変化を生じる。これらの波長において、非ヘムタンパク質(主にコラーゲンおよびエラスチン)、脂質、および水が吸収される。数値的なシミュレーションおよび本発明者によって実施された実験的な研究の結果に従って、水の吸光度の比、ならびに組織中の非ヘムタンパク質、脂質、および水の吸光度の総和として分光学的に定義される組織水フラクションfwは、非特異的な散乱変化、温度、および他の干渉可変性の存在下で正確に測定され得る。
1.表皮の浅層を介した光線の分岐を回避するために、光学反射プローブにおける光源および検出器は、低い開口数を有し、代表的には0.3未満である。
fw=c1log[R(λ1)/R(λ2)]+c0 (1)
に従って推定される。
fw=c2log[R(λ1)/R(λ2)]+c1log[R(λ2)/R(λ3)]+c0 (2)
に従って推定される。
ここで、c0およびc1は、経験的に決定された校正定数である。時間に対して積分されたこの差異は、毛細管内に移動する多数の液体および毛細管から出ていく多数の液体の測定を提供する。図3は、λ1=1320nmおよびλ2=1160nmの波長ペアについて期待される予測正確度を示す。
Claims (35)
- 光学分光光度法を用いて体液関連測定基準を測定するためのデバイスであって:
モニターされる組織位置の近位に配置されるよう構成されたプローブハウジング;
該ハウジングに接続され、そして該組織位置を照射するよう構成された光発生光学装置;
該ハウジングに接続され、そして該組織位置から照射を受け取るよう構成された光検出光学装置;および
該光発生光学装置および該光検出光学装置からの照射を処理し、該体液関連測定基準を算出するよう構成された処理装置、
を備え、該体液関連測定基準が、脈管外および脈管内身体組織コンパートメントにおける水の真体積フラクションを含み、そして、脈管内液体体積フラクションと脈管外液体体積フラクションとの間で相違する、デバイス。 - 前記プローブハウジングに接続され、そして前記体液関連測定基準を表示するよう構成された表示デバイスをさらに備える、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記体液測定基準が断続的にモニターされる、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記体液測定基準が連続的にモニターされる、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- モニターされる組織位置に押し付ける場合に前記プローブハウジングに接続された表示デバイスを自動的に作動させるよう構成された、ばね仕掛けプローブ、をさらに備える、請求項1に記載のデバイスのプローブハウジング。
- 前記組織中の自由水のフラクションの指標を得るための組織の圧縮性を測定するための圧力変換器をさらに備える、請求項1に記載のデバイスのプローブハウジング。
- 前記組織位置内で脈拍を機械的に誘導し、弱脈拍条件下で脈管内液体体積フラクションと脈管外液体体積フラクションとの間の相違の測定を可能にするための機構をさらに備える、請求項1に記載のデバイスのプローブハウジング。
- 前記光発生光学装置が、複数の狭いスペクトル波長の照射を発生させるように調整されており、該波長は、目的の生物学的化合物が、該複数の狭いスペクトル波長での光を吸収し、そして干渉種による吸収が最小であるように選択され、最小吸収は、該目的の生物学的化合物の吸収の10%未満の干渉種による吸収である、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記光発生光学装置が、複数の狭いスペクトル波長の照射を発生させるように調整されており、該波長は、組織水、非ヘムタンパク質、および脂質によって優先的に吸収されるように選択され、優先的に吸収された波長は、その吸収が、非ヘムタンパク質および脂質の個々の濃度から実質的に独立しており、そして非ヘムタンパク質と脂質との個々の濃度の和に実質的に依存する波長である、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記光発生光学装置が、複数の狭いスペクトル波長の照射を発生させるように調整されており、該波長は、測定された受け取った照射が散乱変化に実質的に非感受性であることを確認し、そして該波長での真皮を通る光路長が実質的に等しいように選択される、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記光発生光学装置が、複数の狭いスペクトル波長の照射を発生させるように調整されており、該波長は、前記組織位置由来の測定された受け取った照射が温度変化に非感受性であることを確認するよう選択され、該波長は、水吸収スペクトルにおいて温度等吸収性であるか、または該受け取った照射が、組織水分フラクションを算出する場合に個々の受け取った照射の温度依存性を実質的に取り消す方法で組み合わされる、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記光発生光学装置が、複数の狭いスペクトル波長の照射を発生させるように調整されており、該波長は、約1100〜1350mm、約1500〜1800mm、および約2000〜2300mmの波長の3つの主要バンドのうちの1つから選択される、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記光発生光学装置および前記光検出光学装置が、前記プローブハウジング内に取り付けられており、そして伝達様式での検出を可能にする適切な位置で配置される、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記光発生光学装置および前記光検出光学装置が、前記プローブハウジング内に取り付けられており、そして反射様式での検出を可能にする適切な位置で配置される、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記光発生光学装置および前記光検出光学装置が、遠隔ユニット内に配置され、そして光ファイバーを通して前記プローブハウジングに光を送達し、該プローブハウジングから光を受け取る、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記光発生光学装置が、(a)白熱光源、(b)白色灯源、および(c)発光ダイオード(「LED」)のうちの少なくとも1つを備える、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記処理装置が、少なくとも2セットの光学的測定値を受け取り、そして比較し、該光学的測定値の少なくとも第1のセットは、その吸収が水、脂質、および非ヘムタンパク質に主に起因する光の検出に対応し、そして該光学的測定値の少なくとも第2のセットは、その吸収が、水に主に起因する光の検出に対応し、そして該少なくとも2つの光学的測定値の比較は、前記組織位置内での絶対水分フラクションの測定を提供する、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記処理装置が、少なくとも2セットの光学的測定値を受け取り、そして比較し、該少なくとも2セットの光学的測定値は、少なくとも2つの波長由来であり、そして受け取った照射の単一の比、該受け取った照射の比の和、または該受け取った照射の比の比のいずれかを形成するよう組み合わされる受け取った照射に基づく、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記処理装置が、少なくとも2つの異なる波長からの少なくとも2セットの光学的測定値を受け取り、そして比較し、該少なくとも2つの異なる波長での光の吸収は、血液中におよび脈管外組織に存在する水に主に起因し、そして前記少なくとも2つの測定値の比が、血液および周囲の組織位置における水のフラクションの間の相違の測定を提供する、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記体液関連測定基準が、組織水分フラクションを含み、そして該組織水分フラクションfWが、fw=c1log[R(λ1)/R(λ2)]+c0であるように決定され、ここで:
校正定数c0およびc1が経験的に選択され;
R(λ1)は、第1の波長の受け取った照射であり;そして
R(λ2)は、第2の波長の受け取った照射である、
請求項1に記載のデバイス。 - 前記第1および第2の波長が、それぞれ、約1300nmおよび約1168nmである、請求項20に記載のデバイス。
- 前記第1および第2の波長が、それぞれ、約1230nmおよび約1168nmである、請求項20に記載のデバイス。
- 前記体液関連測定基準が、組織水分フラクションを含み、そして該組織水分フラクションfWが、fw=c2log[R(λ1)/R(λ2)]+c1log[R(λ2)/R(λ3)]+c0であるように決定され、ここで:
校正定数c0、c1、およびc2が経験的に選択され;
R(λ1)は、第1の波長の受け取った照射であり;
R(λ2)は、第2の波長の受け取った照射であり;そして
R(λ3)は、第3の波長の受け取った照射である、
請求項1に記載のデバイス。 - 前記第1、第2、および第3の波長が、それぞれ、約1190nm、約1170nm、および約1274nmである、請求項23に記載のデバイス。
- 前記第1、第2、および第3の波長が、それぞれ、約1710nm、約1730nm、および約1740nmである、請求項25に記載のデバイス。
- 前記体液測定基準が前記血液中の水分フラクションと前記脈管外組織中の水分フラクションとの間の相違の積分をさらに含み、毛細管へまたは毛細管から移動する水の測定を提供する、請求項27に記載のデバイス。
- 前記第1および第2の波長が、それぞれ約1320nmおよび約1160nmである、請求項28に記載のデバイス。
- パーセント身体水分および水分バランスを含む体液関連測定基準を表示するよう構成された表示デバイスをさらに備え、水分バランスは、血液中の水分フラクションと前記脈管外組織中の水分フラクションとの間の積分された相違である、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記光発生光学装置は、(a)白熱光源;(b)白色灯源、および(c)発光ダイオード(「LED」)のうちの1つを含み、組織水、非ヘムタンパク質、および脂質により優先的に吸収されるよう選択された複数の狭いスペクトル波長の照射を発するよう調整されており、
前記光検出光学装置は、前記組織位置からの照射を受け取るよう構成された光ダイオードを含み、
前記処理装置が、少なくとも2セットの光学的測定値を受け取り、そして比較し、該光学的測定値の少なくとも第1のセットは、その吸収が水、脂質、および非ヘムタンパク質に主に起因する光の検出に対応し、そして該光学的測定値の少なくとも第2のセットは、その吸収が、水に主に起因する光の検出に対応し、そして該少なくとも2つの光学的測定値の比較は、前記組織位置内での絶対水分フラクションの測定を提供し、
前記デバイスは、該プローブハウジングに接続された表示デバイスであって、該水の真体積フラクションを表示するよう構成された表示デバイスをさらに備える、請求項1に記載のデバイス。 - モニターされる組織位置に押し付ける場合に前記表示デバイスを自動的に作動させるよう構成された、ばね仕掛けプローブをさらに備える、請求項31に記載のデバイスのプローブハウジング。
- ヒト組織内の前記水の真体積フラクションが、少なくとも2セットの光学的測定値を受け取り、そして比較する前記処理装置を用いて決定され、該少なくとも2セットの光学的測定値は、少なくとも2つの波長由来であり、そして受け取った照射の単一の比、該受け取った照射の比の和、または該受け取った照射の比の比のいずれかを形成するよう組み合わされる受け取った照射に基づく、請求項31に記載のデバイス。
- 前記光発生光学装置が、複数の狭いスペクトル波長の照射を発生させるように調整されており、該波長は、約1100〜1350mm、約1500〜1800mm、および約2000〜2300mmの波長の3つの主要バンドのうちの1つから選択される、請求項33に記載のデバイス。
- 光学分光光度法を用いて、ヒト組織位置における脈管内液体体積と脈管外液体体積との間の相違を測定するためのデバイスであって:
該ヒト組織位置の近位に配置されるよう構成されたプローブハウジング;
該ハウジングに接続された光発生光学装置であって、該ヒト組織位置を照射するよう構成された光発生光学装置;
該ハウジングに接続された光検出光学装置であって、該ヒト組織位置から照射を受け取るよう構成された光検出光学装置;および、
該光発生光学装置および該光検出光学装置からの照射を処理することにより、脈管内液体体積と脈管外液体体積との間の該相違を算出するよう構成された処理装置、
を備え、
該相違は、以下:
fw 血液は、血液中の水分フラクションであり;
fw 組織は、脈管外組織中の水分フラクションであり;
校正定数c0およびc1が経験的に選択され、
該デバイスは、脈管内液体体積と脈管外液体体積との間の該相違を表示するよう構成された表示デバイスをさらに備える、デバイス。
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DE60236259D1 (de) | 2010-06-17 |
CA2441015A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
CA2441015C (en) | 2011-10-04 |
US20020161287A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
EP1367938B1 (en) | 2010-05-05 |
US7236811B2 (en) | 2007-06-26 |
JP2004527292A (ja) | 2004-09-09 |
ATE466522T1 (de) | 2010-05-15 |
US20060020181A1 (en) | 2006-01-26 |
US20030220548A1 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
ES2343677T3 (es) | 2010-08-06 |
EP1367938A1 (en) | 2003-12-10 |
US6591122B2 (en) | 2003-07-08 |
US8229529B2 (en) | 2012-07-24 |
WO2002074162A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
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