JP4194847B2 - 疎水性薬物のための薬物送達系 - Google Patents
疎水性薬物のための薬物送達系 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4194847B2 JP4194847B2 JP2002580901A JP2002580901A JP4194847B2 JP 4194847 B2 JP4194847 B2 JP 4194847B2 JP 2002580901 A JP2002580901 A JP 2002580901A JP 2002580901 A JP2002580901 A JP 2002580901A JP 4194847 B2 JP4194847 B2 JP 4194847B2
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- micelles
- phospholipids
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Description
本発明は、薬学的、農業的または産業的に使用され得る、水に不溶性、難溶性または別の疎水性薬剤およびリン脂質もしくは脂質の水溶性微小凝集体に関する。これらの微小凝集体組成物は、疎水性薬物を薬学的処方物として、植物成長に関する疎水性化合物を農産物として、および疎水性試薬を産業材料として送達するために使用され得る。さらに、本発明の微小凝集体は、ミセル、リポソーム、およびそれらの混合物を生じる疎水性薬剤との凝集を可能にする天然リン脂質および/または合成リン脂質の組み合わせを含む。疎水性薬剤およびリン脂質または脂質の特定の組み合わせは、上記化合物の有効な送達ビヒクルである微小凝集体を生成する。
活性な疎水性薬剤または別の水に不溶性の薬剤の広範な存在が、当該分野において公知である。同様に、このような活性薬剤を水ベースの環境または別の水性環境に送達する必要性の認識もある。そのようなものとして、複数のシステムが、このような薬剤についての送達ビヒクルとして開発されてきた。これらは、有機溶媒、水性/界面活性剤混合物、水性/有機溶媒混合物(例えば、共溶媒)、エマルジョン、リポソーム、およびミセルの使用を含む。しかし、これらのシステムのそれぞれは、水への不溶性の程度および送達が所望される環境のような考慮から生じる制限を有する。
本発明は、疎水性光増感剤を組み込まれ得るリン脂質組成物を提供し、この組成物は、滅菌濾過されるのに十分に小さく、貯蔵のために凍結乾燥され、そして投与のために水性媒体中に迅速に溶解するが、小さな粒子サイズを維持する、安定なリポソーム産物に加工(process)され得る。当初、リン脂質の選択は、飽和脂質のみを含むことと考えられていた。なぜなら、飽和脂質は、より安定であり、薬学的調製物における抗酸化剤の必要性を排除するからである。飽和リン脂質を使用する組成物についての初期の試みは、失敗した。驚くべきことに、組成物中の少なくともいくつかの不飽和脂質の存在が、凍結乾燥プロセスでインタクトに残存する安定で強固な生成物のために必須であることが見出された。さらに、少なくともいくつかの負に荷電した極性ヘッド基(headgroup)を有するリン脂質の存在が、この組成物の安定性に寄与することが見出された。
本発明は、疎水性薬剤およびリン脂質または脂質の水溶性微小凝集体(MA)に関する。水溶性微小凝集体は、水または他の水溶液に混和性であるものである。微小凝集体とは、規則的または不規則、および球状または非球状の形状のサブミクロンサイズの凝集体をいう。ほぼ球状の形状の凝集体について、概算直径は、1マイクロメートル未満である。有意に非球状の凝集体について、回転させた場合、凝集体の概算直径は、1マイクロメートル未満である。凝集体とは、任意に凝集した構成分子の複合体を含む組成物をいう。疎水性薬剤とは、水または他の水溶液に難溶性(5mg/ml水未満)または不溶性であるものをいう。
本発明の微小凝集物(MA)は、ミセル、リポソーム及びその混合物を含む、リン脂質の生成を生じる。本発明の使用に適したリン脂質は、飽和したものであれ、または不飽和のものであれ、天然に存在する任意のリン脂質または任意の合成リン脂質であり得る。それらのリン脂質としては以下の物質が挙げられるが、以下の物質に限定されない:ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルイノシトール、ホスファチジルグリセロール、ホスファチジン酸、リゾリン脂質、卵リン脂質、大豆リン脂質またはそれらの混合物。本明細書中で使われる場合、卵リン脂質または大豆リン脂質は、卵供給源および大豆供給源(例:鶏卵および栽培された大豆)から分離されたリン脂質を指す。
不飽和リン脂質の使用を含む好ましい実施形態において、本発明は、そのリン脂質の酸化を阻害するために、抗酸化物質を使用することを含む。不飽和アシル鎖の自動酸化は、リポソーム処方物の長期貯蔵についての問題であることが知られている。不飽和リン脂質の酸化的分解の阻害が欠如していることが、いくつかのMA組成物中において、望ましくないかもしれないリゾ脂質および脂肪酸のような小成分(subcomponent)を生じさせる。このように、長期貯蔵を改善するために、リン脂質含有微小凝集物中に包含させるのに適切な抗酸化物質が、当該分野で公知である。このような抗酸化物質の例としては、ブチル化ヒドロキシトルエン(BHT)、α−トコフェロール、およびアスコルビルパルミチン酸(AP)ならびに、リン酸およびグリシンのようなpH緩衝剤が挙げられる。好ましくは、BHTが、約0.01〜0.02重量%、およびAPが、約0.1〜0.2重量%、存在する。
本発明の好ましい実施形態において、MAは、凍結乾燥によって安定化される。本発明のMA含有ミセルの利点は、ミセルが水の核(water core)の非存在によって、リポソームと比較してより容易に凍結乾燥され得るという事実である。リポソームの凍結乾燥は、少なくとも1つの脂質二重層を横切る水の流れを必要とし、処理時間および費用の増加を生じる。水の核の非存在はまた、ミセルが、単位体積当たりのリン脂質のより大きい濃度を有することを可能にする。従って、より大量の疎水性薬剤が、単位体積のミセルあたりのリン脂質によって可溶化され得る。このことは、最終的なミセルMA送達ビヒクルが、リポソーム単独のような他の送達ビヒクルよりも、単位体積あたり、より高い薬物密度を有することを可能にする。
一旦処方されると、本発明のMAは、所望の場合、長期間の貯蔵のために凍結乾燥され得る。例えば、BPD−MAは、好ましいヒドロ−モノベンゾポルフィリン光増感剤であり、室温で少なくとも9ヶ月の期間、凍結乾燥されたMA組成物中でその効力を維持し、少なくとも2年の有効期間を与える。この組成物が凍結乾燥される場合、この組成物は、使用の直前に、滅菌水またはサッカライドおよび/もしくは他の適切な賦形剤を含む滅菌水のような適切な水溶液と共に、引き続く再構成のために、バイアル中に充填され得る。例えば、再構成は、投与の直前に、注射のために水を加えることによってのみなされ得る。
本発明の1つの局面において、MAは、0.22ミクロンの親水性フィルターを介する組成物の無菌濾過が、フィルターの顕著な目詰まりなしに500ml〜1lまたはそれより多くの体積で効率的に達成され得る、好首尾に小さくかつ細かいサイズである。MAを含有するこのようなミセルおよび小さいリポソームは、本発明の好ましい実施形態である。さらに、それらにより小さいサイズが与えられると、本発明のMAは、主に、または優性に、ミセルを生じる疎水性薬剤を含む。本発明のMAは、約50%より多いミセル、約60%より多いミセル、約75%より多いミセル、約80%より多いミセル、約90%より多いミセル、および約95%より多いミセルを含む。さらにより好ましくは、本発明のMAは、約97%より多いミセル、約98%より多いミセル、約99%より多いミセルを含み得る。所望の環境において、最も好ましくは、本発明のMAは、ミセルのみからなる。あるいは、本発明のMAは、いくつかの環境において(ミクロ流動化のような高エネルギープロセスよりも、押し出しプロセスが、多層膜(multilammelar)リポソームのサイズを減少させるのに使用される場合)100%までのリポソームからなる。
本発明のMAの製造のための方法は、疎水性化剤とリン脂質との組み合わせから本質的になるMAの工程、および上で議論されるように、ミセル、小リポソームまたはそれらの組み合わせを形成し得る条件にそれらを供する工程、を含み、および/または、それらの工程からなる。好ましくは、この方法は、脂質二分子層を形成し得るリン脂質の使用を包含し、安定したミセルおよび/または小リポソームの製造を生じる。得られたMA、特に本発明のミセルを含むかまたは本発明のミセルからなるMAは、通常ミセルの製造に使用される界面活性剤を含まない。この界面活性剤の欠如は、溶血および腎臓損傷を生じることが公知の毒性を顕著に低減し得る。ミセル形成を促すために、本発明のMAは、低い塩条件下で処方される。なぜなら、上記のように、本発明のミセルは塩によって不安定化されるためである。
(1)疎水性の0.22ミクロンフィルターを通す、有機溶媒としての塩化メチレンの滅菌濾過。
(1)疎水性の0.22ミクロンフィルターを通す、有機溶媒としての塩化メチレンの滅菌濾過。
(6)有機溶媒濃度のレベルを決定するための脂質粉末の分析;必要に応じて、有機溶媒のレベルが0.01%未満になるまで除去を継続する。
本発明のMAの中に組み込まれる疎水性薬剤の使用は、任意の適切な薬学的適用、農学的適用または工業的適用に適し得る。組み込まれた光増感剤と共に、このMAは、光増感剤が光または他の電磁気放射への曝露と適切に組み合わされる任意の条件に対しまたは任意の方法において使用され得る。このような条件および方法として、癌の診断または処置、活性化された白血球の減少、眼の障害の処置、新生血管形成(neovasculature)および新脈管形成の処置および予防、ウイルスおよびウイルスに感染した細胞の駆除、アテローム硬化性斑の処置、再狭窄の処置などが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。さらに、多くの光増感剤は、眼に見える蛍光を発するための適切な励起波長によって光活性化され得る。次いで、この蛍光は、腫瘍または他の標的組織を局在するために使用され得る。本発明のMAの中への疎水性薬剤の取り込みによって、より効果的なパッケージング、送達およびこれによる薬剤の投与が、得られ得る。
(注射のためのQLT0074の生成)
500mLの塩化メチレンを、圧力ユニットの下で0.001gブチル化ヒドロキシトルエン、0.01gアスコルビン酸パルミテート、3.2gジオレオイルホスファチジルグリセロールおよび4.8gジミリストイルホスファチジルコリンに加え、オーバーヘッド攪拌機を使用して透明な溶液が得られるまで攪拌した。一旦溶液が透明になったら、1gのQLT0074の結晶を、遮光の下ゆっくりと加え、そしてオーバーヘッド攪拌機を使用して、結晶が完全に溶解するまで混合した。次いで、この溶液を、0.22μmのフィルターを通して濾過し、そして丸底フラスコに移した。このフラスコを、ロータリーエバポレーターに置き、そして蒸留が終わった後も乾燥を続けながら、塩化メチレンを減圧下で除去した。この減圧を終え、そしてフラスコを、さらなる乾燥の間減圧多岐管に取り付けた。滅菌濾過された9.2%w/vラクトース一水和物を含む500mLの注射用の水を、QLT0074/脂質薄膜に加え、そして溶解するために室温にて少なくとも1時間攪拌し、そして多重膜の小胞を生成する。Model M−1105マイクロ流動機を、水で、次いでいくらかのラクトース溶液で洗浄し、次いで、QLT0074/脂質溶液が、放出物中で緑の溶液が見られるまで洗浄した。以下のパラメーターを使用した:空気圧、120psi;作業圧力、10,030psi;吸気圧力ゲージの読み値、62psi。冷却コイルレザバを、破砕した氷、および生成物温度を16〜20℃に維持するための水で満たした。このQLT/0074脂質物質を、マイクロ流動機を5回通して処理した。次いで、得られた物質を、0.22μmフィルターに通し、そして標識された凍結乾燥バイアルに、アリコート当たり1mlに等分した。この物質を、BCCA凍結乾燥機(Labconco、通し番号215369)を使用して凍結乾燥した。凍結乾燥したサンプルを、暗所にて2〜8℃で保存した。
Claims (20)
- ミセルを含む微小凝集塊の組成物であって、該ミセルが、飽和リン脂質および不飽和リン脂質ならびに1つ以上の光増感剤を含み、ここで該不飽和リン脂質が卵ホスファチジルグリセロールでなく、かつ、該微小凝集塊は100nm未満の平均直径を有する、組成物。
- 前記飽和リン脂質および不飽和リン脂質の1つ以上が負に荷電した頭部を含む、請求項1または2に記載の組成物。
- 前記リン脂質が、ジオレオイルホスファチジルグリセロール(DOPG)およびジミリストイルホスファチジルコリン(DMPC)を含む、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- ジオレオイルホスファチジルグリセロール(DOPG):ジミリストイルホスファチジルコリン(DMPC)の比が、40:60である、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記微小凝集塊が、少なくとも1つの酸化防止剤をさらに含む、請求項5に記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1つの酸化防止剤が、ブチル化ヒドロキシトルエン(BHT)および/またはアスコルビルパルミチン酸(AP)である、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- リン脂質:光増感剤の比が8:1である、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- ミセルを含む微小凝集塊の組成物であって、該ミセルが、飽和リン脂質および不飽和リン脂質ならびに1つ以上の光増感剤を含み、該リン脂質のうち少なくとも1つが、負に荷電した頭部を含み、ここで該不飽和リン脂質が、卵ホスファチジルグリセロールでなく、かつ、該微小凝集塊は100nm未満の平均直径を有する、組成物。
- ミセルを含む微小凝集塊の組成物を生成するための方法であって、該ミセルが1つ以上の疎水性剤およびリン脂質の混合物を含み、ここで、該方法が以下の工程:
「中間複合体」を形成するために有機溶媒、疎水性剤、および脂質二分子膜を形成し得るリン脂質の混合物を生成する工程:
「プレソーム」材料を生成するために該溶媒を除去する工程;
水性溶媒を用いて該「プレソーム」材料を水和する工程;
微小凝集塊を含むミセルを生成するために該水和材料を処理する工程;
を包含し、ここで、
a)該リン脂質が、脂質二分子膜を形成し得るが、卵リン脂質も卵ホスファチジルグリセロールも含まないか;あるいは
b)該リン脂質が脂質二分子膜を形成し得、そして該1つ以上の疎水性剤がほぼ等量の
のいずれかであり、
かつ、該微小凝集塊は100nm未満の平均直径を有する、方法。 - 請求項13、14、または15に記載の方法であって、前記「中間複合体」および前記水性溶媒が低塩である、方法。
- 請求項16に記載の方法であって、前記水和する工程および処理する工程が、約30℃未満の温度で生じる、方法。
- 請求項13、14、または15に記載の方法であって、以下の工程:
a)脂質二分子膜を形成し得るリン脂質の混合物の有機溶媒溶液を、外部から加熱されるチューブ式ヒーターに一定の速度で供給する工程
b)実質的な固体と過熱された有機溶媒の蒸気との混合物を調製するために、該ヒーター中で有機溶媒をエバポレートさせる工程
c)音速の0.1倍を超える高速度でこの混合物を300mmHg以下の真空チャンバ中に導入して該有機溶媒を瞬間的にエバポレートさせ、そして固体を乾燥させ、これによって脂質粉末が得られる工程;ならびに
d)約30℃未満の温度で、生じた脂質粉末を低塩水性溶媒中に分散させる工程、
を包含する、方法。 - 請求項17または18に記載の方法であって、前記処理する工程が高エネルギー操作による、方法。
- 請求項19に記載の方法であって、前記高エネルギー操作が、微小流動化、超音波処理、高速剪断、押出し、超音波処理および均質化からなる群から選択される、方法。
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US09/833,406 US6984395B2 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2001-04-11 | Drug delivery system for hydrophobic drugs |
PCT/CA2002/000508 WO2002083097A2 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2002-04-10 | Drug delivery system for hydrophobic drugs |
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JP2008121718A Division JP5154296B2 (ja) | 2001-04-11 | 2008-05-07 | 疎水性薬物のための薬物送達系 |
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JP2008121718A Expired - Fee Related JP5154296B2 (ja) | 2001-04-11 | 2008-05-07 | 疎水性薬物のための薬物送達系 |
JP2012160772A Withdrawn JP2012224634A (ja) | 2001-04-11 | 2012-07-19 | 疎水性薬物のための薬物送達系 |
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JP2012160772A Withdrawn JP2012224634A (ja) | 2001-04-11 | 2012-07-19 | 疎水性薬物のための薬物送達系 |
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US (3) | US6984395B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1377274B1 (ja) |
JP (3) | JP4194847B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE411004T1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2439500C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60229366D1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2315359T3 (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1060285A1 (ja) |
NZ (1) | NZ527922A (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2279872C2 (ja) |
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- 2002-04-10 WO PCT/CA2002/000508 patent/WO2002083097A2/en active IP Right Grant
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- 2002-04-10 DE DE60229366T patent/DE60229366D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-10 EP EP07024106A patent/EP1900357A3/en not_active Withdrawn
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2005
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CA2439500C (en) | 2008-11-18 |
US20020156062A1 (en) | 2002-10-24 |
US20060039965A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
JP2012224634A (ja) | 2012-11-15 |
EP1900357A2 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
HK1060285A1 (en) | 2004-08-06 |
EP1377274B1 (en) | 2008-10-15 |
RU2279872C2 (ru) | 2006-07-20 |
US20100247447A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
DE60229366D1 (ja) | 2008-11-27 |
NZ527922A (en) | 2005-09-30 |
WO2002083097A3 (en) | 2003-03-13 |
CA2439500A1 (en) | 2002-10-24 |
JP2004532219A (ja) | 2004-10-21 |
JP5154296B2 (ja) | 2013-02-27 |
RU2003132694A (ru) | 2005-03-10 |
EP1900357A3 (en) | 2009-05-20 |
JP2008201807A (ja) | 2008-09-04 |
EP1377274A2 (en) | 2004-01-07 |
ES2315359T3 (es) | 2009-04-01 |
ATE411004T1 (de) | 2008-10-15 |
US6984395B2 (en) | 2006-01-10 |
ZA200306728B (en) | 2004-09-17 |
WO2002083097A2 (en) | 2002-10-24 |
US8852629B2 (en) | 2014-10-07 |
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