JP4171014B2 - Pneumatic collector and pneumatic solar collector ventilation system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a pneumatic heat collection member and a pneumatic solar heat collection ventilation system in a space where ventilation and heating are required.

  The thermal performance of Japanese buildings is very poor from the viewpoint of energy saving. The effect of housing and construction on the energy crisis and the phenomenon of global warming due to carbon dioxide as a result of overheating the summer heat with an air conditioner that can be supported by electric power, cold in winter, and burning with plenty of oil Is very big.

Regarding the heat loss of buildings, as shown in FIG. 26, in a new energy saving standard in a house with a floor area of about 120 m ^{2, the} roof (per 1 ° C.) with respect to the heat loss amount of 339 kcal / ° C. (10.39 kW / ° C.) 8%), outer wall (27%), floor (14%), window (44%), door (2%), ventilation (15%). This is a heat loss amount of 186 kcal / ° C. (0.2 kW / ° C.) in the next generation standard, and it is expected that the heat loss amount will further decrease in the future standard. It's hard to expect.

  With regard to ventilation air, it is normal for buildings with a normal structure to allow sufficient ventilation air to flow into the building by natural leakage around the doors or through gaps such as walls or ceiling joints. Many factors, such as strong winds, ventilating doors, and air that burns fuel in a furnace, can cause a pressure drop from outside to inside the building. Therefore, if there are cracks or openings, outside air will flow into the building.

  However, in recent years, when a highly heat-insulated and air-tight building appears due to the use of a heat insulating material, since there are few such gaps, the necessity of positive ventilation is examined.

  By the way, according to the revised Building Standards Law, the ventilation of a building necessary for a healthy life (0.5 times per hour, [volume of the building (called volume))] is 1 per 2 hours. To replace the outside air). In order to satisfy the ventilation, mechanical ventilation equipment is installed and ventilation is performed for 24 hours. To that end, planned ventilation and air flow will be created.

  Looking at the dissatisfaction of homeowners about the current ventilation system, as shown in FIG. 27, there is a very high ratio of feeling cold in winter due to ventilation. This indicates that the amount of ventilation air is not controlled, and that additional heat is required to heat the outside air to room temperature during the autumn, winter, and spring seasons.

  This problem is typically solved by installing a heating fan with a gas or air heater to heat the incoming air, but now what developed countries need to do is It is to create a method to reduce the environmental burden while improving the lifestyle without reducing it. Therefore, it is necessary to construct houses and buildings that flexibly respond to external environmental conditions as well as wind and other weather conditions to optimize the use of solar energy for indoor heating, cooling, ventilation, dehumidification, and hot water supply. It is done.

  When solar panels are used to heat a building, air is recirculated from the building through the panel and back into the building. The efficiency of the solar collector is highest when the temperature of the air entering it is the same as the ambient temperature. Under normal winter conditions, the ambient temperature is lower than the room temperature, so in winter, recirculation with solar collectors will be at a much worse efficiency level.

In contrast, without using consumable energy sources such as gas or electric heaters to heat the air entering the building, the air from inside the building is simply returned to the building through the solar collector, A method and apparatus for positioning a solar collector on the south facing wall of the building, which allows fresh make-up air for ventilation to flow first through the collector and then into the building is as follows: In the literature.
Patent No. 2675385 (method and apparatus for preheating ventilation air)

  In this Patent Document 1, a plurality of grooves 3 are formed which have a waveform as shown in FIG. 28, the waveform is substantially in the vertical direction, is defined in the substantially vertical direction on the outer surface, and is directly open to the outside. The solar-absorbing corrugated collector panel 2 is attached to the wall 1 facing the south of the building.

  The corrugated collector panel 2 is covered with a heat-absorbing material such as black paint, and a plurality of channels 4 defined as being substantially vertical are formed between the panel and the wall 1. An air collecting plenum 5 having a square cross section is provided at the upper end of the corrugated collector panel 2.

  There is a fan housing 6 connected to the chamber in the air collecting plenum 5, which has a fan 7 and also mixes air coming from inside the building and heated air coming from the air collecting plenum 5. There is an electric damper 8 for this purpose. There is an air duct having a plurality of fabric openings connected to the fan housing 6.

  The outside air is caused to flow upward along the groove 3, and the air in the groove 3 is heated by a combination of solar heat from the collector panel 2 and heat dissipated from the inside of the building through the wall 1 facing south. The heated air is taken out in the air collecting plenum 5 near the upper end of the panel, and the heated air is sent out into the building by an air duct.

  In the method and apparatus of Patent Document 1, the plurality of grooves 3 are directly opened to the outside, and heated air is dispersed when affected by wind or the like, so that heat collection to the air collecting plenum 5 is performed. It becomes difficult.

  Moreover, in this patent document 1, it is said that the usage which collects the air from only the groove 3, and the usage which collects both the air which flows through the groove 3, and the air which flows through the channel 4 are possible. However, the configuration of the air inlet on one side, the air flow in one direction, and the air outlet on the other side is determined. On the heat collecting surface receiving solar heat, the air entering from the air inlet is gradually heated along the flow direction. Therefore, the length of the heat collecting surface corresponding to the utilization temperature is required.

  On the other hand, it can be imagined that the heat collection performance can be improved by reducing the height of the heat collection vent layer. However, as the height of the vent layer is reduced, the ventilation resistance increases in a curved line. Because of the increased power and noise, it was difficult to adopt in practice.

  The object of the present invention is to eliminate the inconveniences of the above-mentioned conventional example, to allow sufficient ventilation in the room, and to reduce the coldness of the outside air supplied in the cold time by using solar heat, Heat collecting / heat exchange efficiency can be improved by adjusting the heat collecting member with an extremely thin ventilation layer to the air resistance that sucks air evenly and constructing a heat collecting surface of a certain size and shape. It is another object of the present invention to provide a pneumatic heat collecting member and a pneumatic solar heat collecting and ventilating system that can meet a design that is easy to adapt to architecture and the like with a small size and a free shape as a member structure.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that a plate material on the side receiving solar radiation and a plate material on the opposite side are parallel with a thin air-permeable layer having a distance of about 10 mm or less therebetween. The plate-shaped body is a flat panel- shaped body arranged in the form of a plate having a short length of about several cm to 1 m in the flow direction of the ventilation layer. Arrange it so that the whole is a large panel , adjust the ventilation resistance so that air is evenly sucked in, and suck air from the space on the side receiving solar radiation into the thin ventilation layer and pass through the ventilation layer The gist is to exchange heat with the radiant heat received by convection or conduction, and to blow out the heat exchanged air to the side opposite to the side receiving solar radiation.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, heat is absorbed by the ultrathin air-permeable layer, and the heat collection / heat exchange efficiency can be improved. That is, by using a thin ventilation layer, the contact efficiency between the plate material on the side receiving solar radiation and the air flowing through the ventilation layer is improved, and the heat exchange performance is improved.

  Furthermore, in the case of temperature difference heat exchange, the shorter the flow length, the greater the temperature difference and the greater the amount of heat exchange. Improved exchange performance is obtained.

  The gist of the present invention described in claim 2 is to form a collective ventilation layer on the side opposite to the side receiving solar radiation.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, a sufficient amount of warm air can be obtained by gathering the heated air obtained by the ultrathin air-permeable layer according to the first aspect into the collective air-permeable layer.

  The gist of the present invention described in claim 3 is that the plate-like body is installed on the wall surface of the building.

  According to this invention of Claim 3, the freedom degree of installation is acquired compared with a roof by installing a plate-shaped object in a building wall surface. In addition, when installing on the wall of a building, it is required to meet various conditions such as size, shape and design. it can.

  The gist of the present invention described in claim 4 is that a thin air-permeable layer between parallel plate materials is provided with a heat conductive spacer for fixing the thickness.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the thickness of the air-permeable layer is fixed by the spacer provided in the thin air-permeable layer between the parallel plate materials, and the spacer is made of this heat conductive material, so that the heat collecting performance is improved. Improvement can be expected.

  The gist of the present invention described in claim 5 is that a material that transmits solar radiation is provided on the side that receives solar radiation together with an air layer.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, a material that transmits solar radiation, such as glass, is provided on the side that receives radiation such as the sun together with an air layer, thereby eliminating the influence of wind and the like, and heat insulation in the air layer. In addition, higher-temperature heated air can be obtained.

  The present invention according to claim 6 installs a plurality of pneumatic heat collecting members according to claims 1 to 5 at a position for receiving solar radiation, sucks in outside air on the side receiving solar radiation, and generates solar heat with a thin ventilation layer. The gist is to ventilate the target space by collecting heat and collecting the collected air blown out from each pneumatic heat collecting member and supplying the collected air to the target space.

  According to the present invention described in claim 6, it is small (short) by adjusting the air volume per area to the same level and adjusting the divided heat collecting members so as to be sucked in evenly as compared with the prior art. In terms of heat exchange (heat collection), a temperature that can be used for supplying hot air is obtained.

  The gist of the present invention described in claim 7 is that the order in which the air flows has an operation mode having a flow pattern opposite to that of claim 6 toward the air in the target space, the solar heat collecting member, and the outside air side. Is.

  According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, it is possible to cope with 24-hour ventilation by having the reverse flow mode. In addition, during the summer day, the solar heat can be prevented from entering the wall surface.

  The gist of the present invention described in claim 8 is that the heat storage / dissipation body is placed at a position where heat is exchanged in contact with the collected air in the flow path of the pneumatic solar heat collecting ventilation system.

  According to the present invention described in claim 8, during the daytime when solar radiation is received, the temperature of the air supplied to the target space becomes too high by storing the peak temperature of heat collection in the heat storage / dissipation body (heat absorption). Can be suppressed. And in the process of the sun setting, it can suppress that the temperature of the air which blows off to object space approaches cold outside air temperature by radiating the heat stored in the heat storage / dissipation body during the day.

  The gist of the present invention described in claim 9 is to operate while using the electric power generated by the solar cell.

  According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, if a unit that can be operated independently by a solar cell is configured, a solar heat collecting ventilation system can be realized by installing only this unit without supplying commercial power. For example, it can be used for retrofits such as architectural renovations, unmanned buildings such as villas, and others.

  As described above, the air-type heat collecting member and the air-type solar heat collecting and ventilating system of the present invention can sufficiently ventilate the room in order to reduce chemical contamination, condensation, mold, mites, In cold weather, solar heat can be used to answer global warming prevention and energy shortage problems to alleviate the coolness of the supplied outside air.

  Moreover, the heat collecting member having an extremely thin ventilation layer is adjusted to have an air resistance that uniformly sucks air, and a heat collecting surface of a certain size and shape is formed to improve heat collecting / heat exchange efficiency. be able to.

  In addition, since the heat collecting member has a small size and a free shape, it is possible to meet a design that is easily adapted to architecture.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal side view showing a first embodiment of a pneumatic heat collecting member and a pneumatic solar heat collecting ventilating system according to the present invention. In FIG. It is a flat panel-shaped plate-like body in which a heat-absorbing plate 12 that is a plate material opposite to the heat-receiving plate 11 that is a plate material is disposed in parallel with an ultrathin air-permeable layer 13 having a distance of about 10 mm or less therebetween. The plate-like body 10 can also have a curved surface shape. It is also conceivable to provide the heat receiving plate 11 on both sides.

  Although the ultrathin air-permeable layer 13 is a thin air-permeable layer, the contact efficiency between the heat receiving plate and the flowing air is improved and the heat exchange performance is improved, but approximately 2 mm is preferable. (However, if the treatment air volume is greatly different, the height of the ventilation layer also changes.)

  The material constituting the plate-like body 10 is not particularly limited as long as the material has relatively good thermal conductivity, but the heat receiving plate 11 may be a black metal plate, a selective absorption film plate, or the like as a heat collecting surface material. Is preferred. Note that a solar cell can also be used as the heat collecting surface material of the heat receiving plate 11. The ability to cool the solar cell prevents the reduction in power generation efficiency.

  The plate-like body 10 has an air suction port 14 on the lower side and an air discharge port 15 on the upper side.

The plate-like body 10 has a vertical length of about 120 mm, but product variations are possible in the range of about 60 mm to 900 mm. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 3, the whole is of a horizontally long shape, and has a short length (several centimeters to 1 m) in the flow direction of the ultrathin air-permeable layer 13 on the entire heat receiving surface that receives solar radiation. A plurality of the tubes are arranged in parallel so that the whole becomes a large panel, and the ventilation resistance is adjusted so that air is evenly sucked.

  In the present embodiment, the plate-like body 10 is installed on the wall surface 17 of the building, and the collective ventilation layer 18 is formed on the side opposite to the side receiving solar radiation (between the wall surface 17).

  The positional relationship between the air suction port 14 and the air discharge port 15 includes various patterns such as parallel, circle and center point, polygon, etc., with the air suction port 14 as shown in the lower end and the air discharge port 15 as the upper end. In addition to the above, when the air inlet 14 is formed at the upper and lower ends as shown in FIG. 4 and the air outlet 15 is formed at the center of the heat absorbing plate 12, the air outlet 15 is endothermic as shown in FIG. For example, the plate 12 is formed as a large number of small holes.

  The plate-like bodies 10 are arranged, the airflow per area is made the same level in consideration of the balance with the ventilation resistance of the ultrathin ventilation layer 13, and the divided heat collecting members (plate-like bodies 10) are evenly distributed. By adjusting so as to suck in, a usable temperature can be obtained on a small (short) heat exchange (heat collecting) surface.

  FIG. 6 shows an installation example of a pneumatic heat collecting member and a pneumatic solar heat collecting ventilation system according to the present invention. On the other hand, an indoor direct fan 30 is provided via a duct 35, and an underfloor space blowing fan 32 is provided via a duct 31. The indoor direct fan 30 is a closed type when stopped, and the underfloor space blowing fan 32 is separately attached with a closed damper when stopped.

  In the figure, 34 is a parting edge (sheet metal winding) for installing a plurality of plate-like bodies 10 and the collective ventilation layer 18 in parallel with each other, and 38 is a base of the pneumatic solar heat collection part. It is made of cement siding and painting. 37 is a ventilation layer, 36 is a base material + moisture-permeable waterproof sheet.

  As shown in FIGS. 8 to 10, the plate-like body 10 has an endothermic plate 12, which is a plate material opposite to the heat receiving plate 11, in order to fix the thickness of the ventilation layer of the ultrathin ventilation layer 13. A spacer 21 using a material having good heat conductivity such as aluminum is provided.

  The spacer 21 may be an aluminum plate that is brazed with an emboss having a height of approximately 2 mm, or an accordion-shaped aluminum plate that is refracted as shown in FIG.

  FIG. 10 shows the details of the attachment of the plate-like body 10, and a sealing material 22 is disposed at the connection portion of the connection allowance 16. As this sealing material 22, an EPDM rubber open cell / double-sided adhesive type was used. In addition, when many plate-like bodies 10 are arranged in parallel, illustration is omitted, but the plate-like bodies 10 may be attached to a frame and arranged.

  As another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, a material 19 that transmits solar radiation, such as glass, may be provided along with the air layer 20 on the side that receives solar radiation.

  FIG. 12 shows an outline of the pneumatic solar heat collecting and ventilating system of the present invention, and a blower 24 is installed in a communication portion of the collective ventilation layer 18 and the indoor target space 23.

  In this way, a plurality of plate-like bodies 10 as pneumatic solar heat collecting members are installed at positions where solar radiation is received, and the outside air on the side receiving solar radiation by the plate-like body 10 is sucked from the air inlet 14 and is thin. Solar heat is collected by the ultrathin air-permeable layer 13 which is an air-permeable layer, and the collected air blown out from the air outlet 15 of each plate-like body 10 is collected by the air-collecting layer 18 and supplied to the target space 23 by the blower 24.

  In the present invention, by arranging a plurality of plate-like bodies 10 in parallel, the heat exchange surface (collecting and radiating surface) is relatively finely divided, and the pneumatic heat exchange unit corresponding to the number of divisions is attached. . Thereby, it is possible to balance the processing air volume, the ventilation resistance of the ultrathin ventilation layer 13 and the fan capacity of the blower 24.

  The present invention improves the contact efficiency between the heat receiving plate and the flowing air by using a thin ventilation layer, and improves the heat exchange performance to exchange heat with radiant heat by convection or conduction. The test results are shown in FIGS.

  FIG. 13 shows a comparison experiment result between the present invention and the conventional heat collection. As shown in FIG. 16, when the conventional example 1 is the single flow heat collection of (a), the conventional example 2 is changed to the heat receiving plate 11 of (b). In the case of a multi-hole suction type heat collecting system with a large number of holes, [FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the cause is that heat exchange is performed with a short flow length and heat exchange is performed with a thin ventilation layer.

  FIG. 17 shows an application example of the pneumatic solar heat collection ventilation system of the present invention. The blower 24 can be operated in a normal flow / reverse flow, and the order of the air flow is the air in the target space 23, the collective ventilation layer 18. The plate-like body 10 which is a solar heat collecting member, and the operation mode of the reverse flow pattern toward the outside air side.

  Thus, it can respond to ventilation for 24 hours by having a backflow mode. Further, during the summer day, an air curtain is formed by the air passing through the collective ventilation layer 18 and the plate-like body 10 that is a solar heat collecting member, thereby preventing solar heat from entering the wall surface.

  Furthermore, as another application example, as shown in FIGS. 18 to 21, a heat storage / dissipation body 25 may be installed at a position where the heat collection air is contacted to exchange heat. FIG. 18 shows a case where the heat storage / dissipation body 25 is independent, and FIG. 20 shows a case where it is integrated. For example, concrete, water, brick, latent heat storage material or the like can be applied to the heat storage and heat dissipation body 25.

  As shown in FIGS. 18 and 20, during the daytime when solar radiation is received, the air temperature supplied to the target space 23 becomes too high by storing the peak temperature of heat collection in the heat storage / dissipation body 25 (heat absorption). You can hold down.

  Then, as shown in FIGS. 19 and 21, in the process of the sun setting, the temperature of the air blown out into the target space 23 approaches the cold outside air temperature by radiating the heat stored in the heat storage and heat dissipation body 25 during the daytime. You can keep going.

  FIG. 22 and FIG. 23 show how to operate while using the electric power generated by the solar battery 26. If a unit that can be operated independently by the solar battery 26 via the control panel 27 or the like is configured, Even if it is not supplied, a solar heat collection ventilation system can be realized by installing this unit alone. As examples of use, it can be assumed that it is retrofitted with architectural renovations, unmanned buildings such as villas, and others.

  As a further application example, as shown in FIG. 24, instead of sunlight, with a stove 28 that emits radiant heat, the radiant heat is received by the heat receiving plate 11 of the plate-like body 10 and radiated by the heat absorbing plate 12 on the opposite side, The recovered radiant heat / convection heat may be sent to the target space 23 or circulated in the use space of the stove 28.

  FIG. 25 shows a case where a sunroom 29 is formed outside the plate-like body 10. The air collected and heated inside the greenhouse is sent to the target space 23.

  The flow of air is not limited to the flow from the bottom to the top as shown in FIG. 1. On the contrary, the air is flowed from the top to the bottom to send the heat-collected and heated air to the target space 23. Good.

  In the case of FIG. 6, in winter, heat collection and push-in ventilation can be performed by operating the underfloor space blowing fan 32 to flow the heat-collected and heated air downward and taking it into the underfloor space.

  Further, during non-heat collection in winter, the indoor direct fan 30 is used as an exhaust pattern during summer daytime, and the air in the target space 23 sucked by the indoor direct fan 30 is collected in the air collecting layer 18 and a plate that is a solar heat collecting member. It flows outside in the operation mode of the reverse flow pattern to the state body 10 and the outside air side. (Heat insulation and tensile ventilation)

  Furthermore, the indoor direct fan 30 is used as an intake pattern, and outside air is taken into the target space 23 via the plate-like body 10 and the collective ventilation layer 18 that are solar heat collecting members at the time of non-heat collection in winter and in the summer night. But you can.

  Although the above embodiment demonstrated the case where the air type solar heat collecting part by the combination in the plate-like body 10 and the gathering ventilation layer 18 which were arranged in parallel was installed in the wall surface 17 of a building, it is not limited to this, It can be installed on the roof or installed separately in other places.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a vertical side view which shows 1st Embodiment of the air-type heat collecting member of this invention, and a pneumatic solar-heating heating ventilation system. It is a vertical side view which shows 1st Embodiment of the pneumatic heat collection member of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows 1st Embodiment of the pneumatic heat collection member of this invention. It is a vertical side view which shows other embodiment of the pneumatic heat collection member of this invention. It is a vertical side view which shows other embodiment of the pneumatic heat collection member of this invention. It is a vertical side view which shows the example of installation of the pneumatic heat collection member and pneumatic solar heat collection ventilation system of this invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a vertical side view which shows 1st Embodiment of the air-type heat collecting member of this invention, and a pneumatic solar-heating heating ventilation system. It is a vertical side view which shows 3rd Embodiment of the air-type heat collecting member and pneumatic solar-heated heating ventilation system of this invention. It is a vertical side view which shows one Embodiment of the pneumatic heat collection member of this invention incorporating a spacer. It is a vertical side view which shows the example of attachment of the pneumatic heat collection member of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows an example of a spacer. It is explanatory drawing of the pneumatic solar-heated heating ventilation system of this invention. It is a graph which shows the comparative experiment result of this invention and the conventional heat collection. It is a graph which shows temperature difference heat exchange in the length of a short flow in comparison with this invention and the conventional heat collection. It is a graph which shows temperature difference heat exchange in a thin ventilation layer by comparison with this invention and the conventional heat collection. It is explanatory drawing of the apparatus used as experiment object by the comparison of this invention shown in FIG. 13, and conventional heat collection. It is explanatory drawing which shows the backflow driving | operation of the pneumatic solar-heated heating ventilation system of this invention. It is explanatory drawing at the time of the daytime which shows the 1st example of a combination with a thermal storage body with the pneumatic solar-heated heating ventilation system of this invention. It is explanatory drawing at the time of the night which shows the 1st example of the combination with a thermal storage body with the pneumatic solar-heating heating ventilation system of this invention. It is explanatory drawing at the time of the daytime which shows the 2nd example of a combination with a thermal storage body with the pneumatic solar-heating heating ventilation system of this invention. It is explanatory drawing at the time of the night which shows the 2nd example of a combination with a thermal storage body with the pneumatic solar-heated heating ventilation system of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the 1st example which shows combined use with a solar cell drive in the pneumatic solar-heated heating ventilation system of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the 2nd example which shows combined use with a solar cell drive in the pneumatic solar-heated heating ventilation system of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the combination with the stove from which radiant heat comes out in the pneumatic solar-heating heating ventilation system of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the combination with a solarium in the pneumatic solar-heated heating ventilation system of this invention. It is a graph regarding the heat loss of a building. It is a graph which shows dissatisfaction of the house acquisition person about a ventilation system. It is a perspective view which shows a prior art example. It is a top view of the principal part which shows a prior art example.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Wall 2 ... Collector panel 3 ... Groove 4 ... Channel 5 ... Air collecting plenum 6 ... Fan housing 7 ... Fan 8 ... Electric damper 9 ... Air duct 10 ... Plate body 11 ... Heat-receiving plate 12 ... Heat-absorbing plate 13 ... Ultra-thin ventilation Layer 14 ... Air inlet 15 ... Air outlet 16 ... Connection cost 17 ... Wall 18 ... Collective ventilation layer 19 ... Material that transmits solar radiation 20 ... Air layer 21 ... Spacer 22 ... Sealing material 23 ... Target space 24 ... Blower 25 ... heat storage 26 ... solar battery 27 ... control panel 28 ... stove 29 ... solarium 30 ... indoor direct fan 31 ... duct 32 ... underfloor space blowout fan 34 ... parting edge (sheet metal winding) 35 ... duct 36 ... base material + Moisture permeable waterproof sheet 37 ... breathable layer 38 ... exterior material

Claims (9)

A flat panel-shaped plate body in which a plate material on the side receiving solar radiation and a plate material on the opposite side are arranged in parallel with a thin air-permeable layer having a distance of about 10 mm or less between them. Is a short length of about several cm to 1 m in the flow direction of the ventilation layer, and a plurality of heat receiving surfaces receiving solar radiation are arranged in parallel so that the whole becomes a large panel, and air is sucked in evenly. The ventilation resistance is adjusted so that air is sucked into the thin ventilation layer from the space on the side receiving solar radiation, and heat is exchanged by convection or conduction with the radiant heat received while passing through the ventilation layer to receive solar radiation. An air-type heat collecting member that blows out air that has undergone heat exchange to the opposite side. On the side opposite to the side which receives the solar radiation, pneumatic heat collecting member according to claim 1, wherein forming the aggregate ventilation layer.   The pneumatic heat collecting member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plate-like body is installed on a building wall surface.   The pneumatic heat collecting member according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a thin heat-permeable layer between parallel plate materials is provided with a heat conductive spacer for fixing the thickness.   The pneumatic heat collecting member according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a material that transmits solar radiation is provided together with an air layer on a side that receives solar radiation.   A plurality of pneumatic heat collecting members according to claims 1 to 5 are installed at a position for receiving solar radiation, the outside air on the side receiving solar radiation is sucked, solar heat is collected by a thin ventilation layer, and each pneumatic heat collecting member A pneumatic solar heat collection and ventilation system for ventilating a target space by collecting and supplying the collected air blown out from the target space.   The pneumatic solar collector according to claim 6, wherein the air flow sequence has an operation mode having a flow pattern opposite to that of claim 6 toward the air in the target space, the solar heat collecting member, and the outside air side. Thermal ventilation system.   The pneumatic solar heat collection ventilation system according to claim 6 or 7, wherein a heat storage / dissipation body is placed at a position where heat exchange is performed in contact with the heat collection air in a flow path of the pneumatic solar heat collection ventilation system. .   The pneumatic solar heat collecting and ventilating system according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the system is operated while using electric power generated by a solar cell.

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