JP3149506U - PA (passive / active) hybrid air conditioning system - Google Patents

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] To effectively incorporate solar energy, nighttime cold air, ventilation, and natural ventilation, which are natural energy through architectural ingenuity, and to cool and heat the entire building with minimal equipment and equipment, so that an open and healthy indoor environment can be achieved at low cost throughout the year. Provide buildings realized with low energy. For example, in winter, warm air taken in from a south wall heat collecting window 1 and collected in a heat collecting chamber 2 or discharged from a cooling / heating device 7 is sent through a duct 3 from a duct top suction port 3a. 4 is sent to the space 5 under the first floor. The warm air is stored in the solid base 10 that is thermally insulated from the outside, and is led into the room from the bottom floor 6 and then returns to the heat collecting room through the louver floor 9 and the staircase. By repeating these circulations, uniform heating of the entire building at room temperature is realized. [Selection] Figure 3

Description

  The present invention effectively combines passive (use of solar heat, night cooling, ventilation and natural ventilation) and active (use of high-efficiency air-conditioning equipment and blowers) in a highly insulated and air-tight building, and minimizes heating and cooling energy. It is about building which aimed at conversion.

In recent years, highly heat-insulated and air-tight buildings have become widespread mainly in cold regions as part of energy conservation, but in order to reduce heat loss, many closed spaces have been created with smaller openings, and the heating period has been more than six months. It is feared that the quality of life will be adversely affected in such areas.

There is also a heating method that uses solar heat, which is a natural energy source, but most of the heat is collected from the roof surface, which can collect heat during snowfall, can be used when no snowfall is required, There are many issues such as compatibility with solar power generation. Even in cold districts, unheated houses that use only solar heat and internal heat to cover heating energy are possible, but it is necessary to consider cost-effectiveness such as increased cooling energy and increased construction costs.

On the other hand, recent improvements in performance and functions of air conditioning equipment (CO2 refrigerant heat pump air conditioners, etc.) have not only improved efficiency of air conditioning, but also excellent air quality improvement functions such as humidity control, sterilization, and deodorization.
JP 63-165633 A JP-A 64-75858 Shinshin Kaihei 5-1918

In the case of wooden houses, high heat insulation and high airtightness have been generalized. Basic heat insulation, outer wall / roof exterior + filling heat insulation, heat exchange ventilation fan, heat insulation sash + pair glass / triple glass, etc. There are many. However, since the heat loss at the opening is large in the entire building, improvement is desired.

  In addition, in the case of roof heat collection using a heating system that uses solar heat, there are problems as described above, which must be complicated in structure and increase initial and maintenance costs.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points. The purpose of the present invention is to take solar heat from the heat collecting window on the south wall and heat the whole building by circulating it through the blower. Inverting outdoor air by reverse operation and cooling the entire building, and in cold districts, cooling and heating the entire building by using high-efficiency cooling and heating equipment together, and providing these energy-saving buildings at low cost It is to provide highly insulated heat collecting curtain walls and insulated doors at a low cost in order to function more effective buildings.

  The achievement of the above object is as described in claim 1, in which solar heat is taken in by a heat collecting window on the south outer wall surface. This is because when solar heat is used as heating energy, the solar altitude in winter is low, and more solar radiation is obtained in the vertical plane than in the horizontal plane. Conversely, in summer, the solar altitude is high, so the amount of solar radiation is small. Moreover, in the case of a general residential area, the sunshine on the second floor or higher is almost ensured, and the opening on the first floor can be used as a heat collecting window if the conditions are good. The solar heat taken in warms the air in the heat collection chamber, and the warm air gathers near the ceiling. This heat collection room has a large opening curtain wall, so it is valuable for living in cold regions, and its use is multipurpose such as sunroom, clothes drying place, greenhouse, and play room.

Now, the warm air is sent from the inlet of the duct top to the lower floor of the first floor by the blower through the duct. This space is made of a solid foundation that is insulated from the outside, warmed by warm air and stored. The blower is automatically operated by a room temperature sensor installed in the upper part of the heat collecting chamber. Warm air is led into the room from the floor galleries installed in a well-balanced manner on the outer periphery of the building. This louver is capable of adjusting the air volume, thereby adjusting the room temperature. Furthermore, the warm air returns to the heat collection room through the louver floor and staircase via the first floor ceiling. The floor of the second floor private room is heated in the process of warm air circulating through the first floor, and the room temperature of the private room is secured by the radiant heat. Moreover, the warm air of a heat collection chamber can also be guide | induced by opening the duct inlet of a private room. By repeating the above circulation, the entire building is heated at a uniform room temperature. During this process, the heat source stored in the underfloor space will cover nighttime heating.

  On the other hand, the natural ventilation opening on the first floor and the upper part of the heat collecting chamber is opened at night in summer, and the blower is operated in reverse. As a result, outdoor cold air is taken in and the reverse circulation occurs during heating. First, the cold air is stored in the first floor natural ventilation port through the floor gallery and into the space under the floor. The cold air is then sent to the individual rooms, heat collection rooms, and staircases on the second floor through a blower and duct. At this time, the inlet of the duct top of the heat collecting chamber is closed and discharged from the lower outlet. This is because the natural ventilation opening in the upper part of the heat collecting chamber is open, and cold air is not released from there. The reason why the upper natural ventilation opening is opened is to prevent the room from being in a positive pressure state and to release warm air generated by internal heat generation therefrom. The interior of the entire building, which has been cooled by taking in the cold air at night, is shut off by closing the 1st floor ventilation opening when the outside temperature rises at dawn. From then on, the cooling source in the cold under the floor will cover the daytime cooling, and the circulation is the same as during cooling.

  Since natural energy is not stably supplied, it is difficult to provide heating and cooling only with natural energy sunlight and night-time cold in cold regions even if the heat insulation and heat storage performance are considerably improved. As in claim 2, combining the building of claim 1 with highly efficient heating and cooling equipment (CO2 refrigerant heat pump air conditioner, etc.) realizes a comfortable and healthy indoor environment at low cost and energy saving even in cold regions. it can. As explained in claim 1, during winter daytime, it is heated by solar heat collection, and the stored heat source compensates for heating at night to some extent. To cover. In summer, the above-mentioned night purge provides cooling, but air conditioning and dehumidification are performed during high temperatures and humidity during the day. At this time, the role of the air conditioner is to compensate for the shortage of heat sources such as solar heat, internal heat generation, and nighttime cold air, but it is also important to contribute to air quality improvement such as humidity conditioning, sterilization, and deodorization. .

  In the buildings according to claims 1 and 2, the components that fulfill the functions are the heat collecting window, the heat collecting chamber, the duct, the blower, the underfloor heat storage layer, the air conditioner, etc., which are very simple and low cost. . It is also easy to operate and requires little maintenance. Looking at the life cycle of the building, there is no need to renew other than the blower and air conditioner, and renewing them is easy and inexpensive. In terms of running cost, the power consumption of the blower is very small, and even in an air conditioner, heating is by solar heat during the day, so the operating rate at midnight is high and time zone discounts can be applied.

  In the building of Claims 1 and 2, a heat collecting window having a large opening for taking solar heat is required. Although a commercially available sash can be made into a continuous window, since the heat loss of a frame part is larger than a glass part, the whole heat insulation performance is inferior. As in claim 3, in the case of a wooden frame structure, a highly insulated pair glass (low-E, one with high solar radiation acquisition rate, etc., etc.) is directly fitted using a pillar or the like, and the outside is A wooden curtain wall with high weather resistance, durability, and wind pressure resistance can be obtained by pressing with an aluminum mold. This is composed of highly heat-insulating glass and a wooden frame (pillar), so the overall heat insulating performance is high and the cost is low. In addition, if you want an opening / closing part, you can cope by incorporating a commercial sash. Moreover, by incorporating a heat insulation / light-shielding blind (such as a honeycomb thermoscreen) on the indoor side, heat insulation can be strengthened and solar radiation can be acquired and shielded.

  In the building according to claims 1 and 2, the heat insulation performance and the light shielding performance are remarkably improved by providing the general opening and the natural ventilation opening with a heat insulating door inside as in the fourth aspect. This heat insulating door is made of a board-like heat insulating material (neoma foam, etc.) and has its own self-supporting property. Therefore, the aluminum door is simply bonded and reinforced around the four sides. Finishing can be completed simply by sticking a cloth etc. directly on the board surface, and even an amateur can make it at a very low cost. If the one with a thickness of 30 mm is used, the heat permeability is 0.66 W / m 2 · K, which is very excellent in heat insulation performance.

  As explained above, the present invention effectively incorporates natural energy such as solar heat, nighttime cold air, ventilation and natural ventilation in an era of CO2 reduction and energy shortage that require further enhancement in the future. By using equipment such as blowers, ducts, and high-efficiency air conditioners in cold regions, an open and healthy indoor environment can be realized at low cost and low energy throughout the year. Furthermore, energy self-sufficiency is not impossible by installing photovoltaic power generation on the unused roof surface.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIGS. 1 and 2 are a north-south sectional view of a detached house according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 and 4 are schematic diagrams of warm-up circulation during winter heating.

  In these figures, sunlight during the day is taken in through the heat collection window 1 (the heat insulation / heat insulation blind 1a is opened at this time), and the solar heat is collected in the heat collection chamber 2 as warm air. The warm air passes through the duct 3 from the duct inlet 3a (air flow adjustment function) and is discharged from the duct outlet 3c into the first floor space 5 by the blower 4 (at this time, the inlet 3b is closed). This space is made of a solid foundation 10 that is thermally insulated from the outside, and is warmed and stored by passing warm air. The blower is automatically operated by the room temperature sensor 4a at the upper part of the heat collecting chamber (ex. Room temperature> 22 ° C. ON). The underfloor warm air is discharged into the first floor room from the underfloor gallery 6 (with air volume adjustment function) arranged in a well-balanced manner on the outer periphery of the building.

  The warm air passes through the louver floor 9 (which may be blown out), the staircase, and returns to the heat collecting chamber via the first floor ceiling. Soft heat is supplied to the room as radiant heat from the floors of the first and second floors warmed in the process of circulation. In addition, the duct suction port 3b can be opened in the second floor private room, and warm air can be taken in from the heat collecting room (the door of the private room is provided with an undercut). Through the above circulation, the entire building is heated uniformly and stored on the solid foundation of the underfloor space. At night, it is heated by heat dissipation from this heat storage layer.

  The air-conditioning equipment 7 operates on a day when sunshine is not obtained in a cold region or on a day when the temperature is low. This air conditioner is installed on the first floor, and the warm air gathers in the heat collecting room via the first floor. Thereafter, the same cycle as described above is repeated.

  5 and 6 are schematic views of the cold air circulation during the summer cooling. In these figures, the reverse circulation is basically performed as in heating. The cool air discharged from the air conditioner 7 cools the first floor and then reversely operates the blower 4 to enter the underfloor space 5 from the floor gallery 6 and is stored in the solid foundation 10. This cold air is discharged from the duct suction port 3c by the blower through the duct 3 and from the duct outlet 3b to the second floor private room / heat collecting chamber. The cold air returns to the first floor via the louver floor 9 and the staircase of the heat collecting chamber. The entire building is cooled by repeating this circulation. Even if the air conditioner is stopped, the cooling state continues for a while due to the solid heat storage. During cooling, the natural ventilation port 8 at the upper part of the heat collecting chamber is opened, and the duct outlet 3a is closed. This is to prevent the cool air from escaping to the outside and to release the warm air of solar radiation and internal heat generation to the outside. Further, it is important that the heat-insulating / heat-insulating blind 1a of the heat collecting window is lowered on the day when the solar radiation is strong during the daytime.

  FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the cold air circulation at the time of taking in cold air in the summer. In this figure, the natural ventilation openings 8 on the first floor and the upper part of the heat collecting chamber are open. By operating the blower 4 in reverse, outdoor cold air is taken in from the first floor natural ventilation port 8, led to the space under the floor from the floor gallery, and stored in the solid foundation. This cool air is sent to the second-floor private room / heat collection chamber as in the case of cooling, and the cool air is discharged to the first floor, and the warm air generated by the internal heat generation is released to the outside from the natural ventilation port above the heat collection chamber. The entire building can be cooled by continuously taking in outdoor air. The natural ventilation opening on the 1st floor is closed at dawn and when the outside temperature rises. After this, the same circulation as during cooling is performed, and the cooling heat source is stored on a solid foundation.

  FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of air circulation during summer / intermediate natural ventilation. In this figure, the natural ventilation port 8 on the first floor and the upper part of the heat collecting chamber is opened, and the blower 4 is stopped. When you are at home during the day, the windows are opened and ventilated, but when you are away or in the rain, the windows are closed. In such a case, the natural ventilation opening 8 is always open because it is a rainproof / windproof / insect-proof gallery and also has crime prevention. Thereby, the rise in room temperature due to solar radiation and internal heat generation can be prevented by temperature difference ventilation.

  FIG. 9 is an elevation, a plane, and a sectional view of the solar heat collecting window 1 in FIG. Using the pillar 1b and the beam / spar 1c, which are structural materials, a glass encased portion is provided and the aluminum mold 1e is first attached to the four-round / vertical portion. A highly heat-insulating pair glass 1d is pressed there with a middle aluminum mold. Finally, the periphery of the glass is a 1f sealing. If the glass breaks, it can be easily replaced by removing the middle aluminum mold. If you want an opening / closing part, you can easily incorporate 1g of a commercially available sash. Furthermore, by installing the heat insulating / light-shielding blind 1a on the inner side, higher heat insulating performance can be obtained, and solar radiation can be acquired and shielded freely.

  FIG. 10 is an elevation / plan view of the indoor heat insulating door of the natural ventilation port 8 and the general window in FIG. 1. The aluminum mold 11b is bonded to the four circumferences of the board-shaped heat insulating material 11a, the handle 11d is attached, and the cloth 11c is pasted on the finish. Although this example is a sliding door, a hinged door or the like is also possible.

1 is a north-south sectional view of a detached house according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is an east-west sectional view of a detached house concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is a warm air circulation schematic diagram at the time of winter heating of the building shown in FIG. It is a warm air circulation schematic diagram at the time of winter heating of the building shown in FIG. It is a cold-air circulation schematic diagram at the time of summer cooling of the building shown in FIG. It is a cold-air circulation schematic diagram at the time of summer cooling of the building shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the cold air circulation of the building shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic air circulation diagram of the building shown in FIG. 2 during summer / intermediate natural ventilation. It is an elevation, a plane, and a sectional view of the solar heat collecting window 1 of the building shown in FIGS. FIG. 3 is an elevational and plan view of a natural ventilation opening and indoor indoor insulation doors of the building shown in FIGS.

Explanation of symbols

1 Solar heat collection window 1a Heat insulation / light-shielding blind (honeycomb thermoscreen, etc.)
2 Heat collection chamber 3 Duct 3a Upper duct inlet / outlet (with air volume adjustment function)
3b Lower duct inlet / outlet (with air volume adjustment function)
3c Underfloor duct inlet / outlet 4 Blower (for both air supply / exhaust, with strength switching function, counter arrow fan, etc.)
4a Temperature sensor (linked to blower)
5 Underfloor space 6 Floor gallery (with air volume adjustment function)
7 Air conditioning equipment (high efficiency CO2 refrigerant heat pump air conditioner, etc.)
8 Natural ventilation openings (rain, wind, insect proof + insulated door)
9 Louver floor (or vault)
10 Solid foundation with external insulation 1b Wooden structure pillar (105 × 105 etc.)
1c Wooden structural beams and girders (105 × 105 etc.)
1d Highly insulated pair glass, etc. (with Low-E argon gas, high solar radiation acquisition rate)
1e Aluminum mold materials, etc. (Aluminum FB-100 × 6 etc., combined with stainless steel screw silicone)
1f Sealing 1g Commercially available opening and closing heat insulation sash 11a Board-like heat insulating material (neomafoam T = 30 etc.)
11b Aluminum mold material, etc. (Aluminum [−35 × 20 × 2.0, etc.]
11c Cross etc. 11d Aluminum handle etc. (Aluminum L-15 × 15 × 1.5 etc.)
11e wooden frame

Claims (4)

  It has a solar heat collection window on the south outer wall and a heat collection room that collects the solar heat taken from it, and has a duct and a blower (circulation fan) that conveys the warm air to the space below the first floor that also serves as a heat storage layer. The warm air is heated as it circulates throughout the room, and the air blower is operated in reverse during the summer night to cool the air by taking in the outdoor cold air and storing it. Building.   The building according to claim 1 is combined with high efficiency air conditioning equipment (CO2 refrigerant heat pump air conditioner, etc.) and can be air-conditioned at low cost and energy saving.   3. A highly insulating and economical curtain wall using a wooden structure for taking solar heat in the building according to claim 1 or 2.   In the building of Claims 1 and 2, a highly insulated and economical heat insulating door installed inside in order to improve the heat insulating performance and light shielding performance of the general opening and the natural ventilation opening