JP4851147B2 - Building air conditioning system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a building air conditioning system that ventilates a building having a high airtightness and a high thermal insulation structure, and cools and heats the building according to the season.

  An air-conditioning method described in Patent Document 1 has been proposed to ventilate a building having a high airtightness and a high thermal insulation structure and to cool and cool the building. In this air conditioning method, outside air is led to an underground duct buried in the ground, and then led to an underfloor space through a heat exchanger installed in an attic space, while indoor air passes through the heat exchanger to the atmosphere. It is exhausted and ventilated, and the interior is cooled mainly using geothermal heat in the summer. In addition, the heat collecting panel installed on the roof warms the air in the attic space using solar heat, and mainly heats the indoor air through the underfloor space to heat the room in winter.

JP-A-7-248130

  In the above-described background art, air (cold air or warm air) flows in the underfloor space to ventilate the underfloor space, and energy saving of indoor air conditioning is achieved by using geothermal or solar heat.

  However, in order to implement such ventilation and cooling / heating, a large-scale facility such as an underground duct, a heat collecting panel, and a heat exchanger is required, which requires a great deal of cost.

  In addition, since the area where the underground duct is in contact with the soil is small, if the air is cooled by exchanging heat to some extent by the underground duct, then the temperature of the soil around the underground duct will rise, and the air in the underground duct will be improved. Cooling may not be possible.

  An object of the present invention is made in consideration of the above-described circumstances, and is to provide a building air conditioning system that can suitably realize cooling and heating of a building space with energy saving.

The invention according to claim 1 is a building air-conditioning system for cooling and heating a building space provided in a building having a roof, a wall and a foundation configured in an airtight and heat-insulating structure, and installed in an upper part of the building, A first collector provided with a first fan, wherein the first collector is provided with a heat collecting body including a ventilation layer, a floor space formed by a floor installed on the foundation, and the ventilation layer of the heat collecting body. The above-mentioned floor space above the floor and the under-floor space are communicated with each other, and a second duct having a second fan is provided, and the warm air generated in the ventilation layer of the heat collector is converted into the first duct. The cold air generated in the underfloor space can be introduced into the underfloor space through the second duct , and a ventilation fan and an outdoor air inlet are respectively provided on the wall of the building. In addition to being provided in place, vents are formed on the floor The outside air introduced into the space above the floor from the outside air inlet is guided to the under floor space through the vent and is exhausted to the atmosphere by the ventilator through the other vent, and the ventilator is provided. A ventilation outlet is formed in the partition wall of the room, and this ventilation outlet is closed so that the outside air introduced into the space above the floor from the outside air inlet is led to the underfloor space through the floor ventilation hole. It is characterized by having been comprised .

  The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in the invention according to claim 1, the heat collecting body is a roof, and a ventilation layer is formed on the entire surface of the south side roof surface of the roof. .

  The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the heat collector is a heat collecting plate installed on the roof or wall of a building, and a ventilation layer is formed on the entire surface of the heat collecting plate. It is characterized by that.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to any one of the first to third aspects, the heat collector is installed on the basis of an angle substantially orthogonal to sunlight of the sun passing through the meridian at the winter solstice. It is characterized by that.

  The invention according to claim 5 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the duct inlet of the first duct that opens into the ventilation layer of the heat collector is an upper edge of the heat collector. Is set to a position from the center by a predetermined distance.

  The invention according to claim 6 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the ventilation layer forming member forming the ventilation layer of the heat collector is in a direction toward the duct inlet of the first duct. It is characterized by being arranged.

  According to a seventh aspect of the invention, in the invention according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, the ventilation layer forming member that forms the ventilation layer of the heat collector flows in a meandering manner in the ventilation layer. It is characterized by being arranged in this way.

  The invention according to claim 8 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first duct is provided with a duct intermediate discharge port that opens into the floor space downstream of the first fan. It is characterized by being provided.

The invention according to claim 9 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein the first duct and the second duct are covered with a heat insulating material.

According to the first or third aspect of the present invention, in winter, warm air generated by being heated by solar heat while air flows through the ventilation layer of the heat collector is introduced into the underfloor space through the first duct. Then, the building space is heated, and in the summer, the cold air generated by cooling the air flowing through the underfloor space by geothermal heat is introduced into the above-floor space via the second duct to cool the building space. In this way, by using solar heat and geothermal heat, air conditioning of the building space can be realized with energy saving. In addition, the outside air introduced into the space above the floor from the outside air inlet is led to the under floor space through the floor vent and is discharged to the atmosphere by the ventilation fan via the other vent, so that the under floor space passes through the first duct. The underfloor space can be dehumidified and dried in the same manner as when warm air flows in or when the cool air in the underfloor space is guided to the above floor space via the second duct. For this reason, corrosion and deterioration of the building material in contact with the underfloor space can be prevented, and generation of mold, termites and the like in the underfloor space can be prevented, so that the durability of the building can be improved.

  In addition, because the underfloor space is a space composed of the floor and foundation of the entire building, the area of the earth that touches the foundation is large, so that this earth can exchange heat with the air flowing through the underfloor space. The temperature hardly changes. Therefore, the air flowing through the underfloor space can always be satisfactorily exchanged and cooled, and the cooling of the building space can be suitably realized.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, a building air conditioning system for cooling and heating a building space includes a roof having a ventilation layer, a first duct, a second duct, a first fan, a second fan, and the like. Therefore, the cost reduction of the building air conditioning system can be achieved.

  According to the invention of claim 4, since the heat collector is installed on the basis of an angle substantially orthogonal to the sunlight of the sun passing through the meridian at the winter solstice, the heat collector (roof, heat collector plate) The air flowing through the ventilation layer can be efficiently warmed by solar heat to generate warm air.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the duct inlet of the first duct that opens into the ventilation layer of the heat collector is set at a position from the center by a predetermined distance from the upper edge of the heat collector. The air sufficiently heated in the ventilation layer of the heat collector can be introduced into the first duct through the duct inlet as the warm air.

  According to invention of Claim 6, since the ventilation layer forming member which forms the ventilation layer of a heat collection body was arrange | positioned in the direction which goes to the duct inlet of a 1st duct, the air which flows through the inside of a ventilation layer is obtained. By flowing along the ventilation layer forming member, this air can be smoothly guided to the duct inlet without stagnation.

  According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, since the ventilation layer forming member that forms the ventilation layer of the heat collector is arranged so that the air meanders and flows in the ventilation layer, the ventilation layer is formed in the ventilation layer. By causing the flowing air to meander, it can be sufficiently warmed by solar heat.

  According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, since the first duct is provided with the duct intermediate discharge port that opens into the space above the floor on the downstream side of the first fan, the first duct flows through the ventilation layer of the heat collector. In addition, since the air (cool air) that is radiatively cooled at night in the summer can be guided from the duct intermediate outlet to the space above the floor, the space above the floor can be well cooled.

According to invention of Claim 9 , since the 1st duct and the 2nd duct were coat | covered with the heat insulating material, the heat radiation from the air which flows through these ducts can be prevented, and heating and cooling of building space are efficient. Can be implemented.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a house to which a first embodiment of a building air-conditioning system according to the present invention is applied. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the roof of FIG. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the air flow in the winter daytime and summer nighttime, except for the roof finishing body in the roof of FIG.

  The house 10 as a building shown in FIG. 1 has a highly airtight and highly heat-insulated structure, particularly in order to ensure comfort in winter. In other words, the foundation 11 of the house 10 (solid foundation in this embodiment) is not provided with a ventilation port, and a heat insulating material such as extruded polystyrene foam is attached to the outer side surface thereof, and the outer wall 12 is provided. The roof 13 is provided with an airtight sheet and a heat insulating material on the outside (detailed later). Further, the heat insulating material of the foundation 11 covers the foundation 11 deeply into the ground so that the foundation 11 is not affected by heat near the ground surface.

  The house 10 is partitioned into a floor space 15 and a floor space 16 by a floor 14 provided on the foundation 11, and the floor space 16 further includes a first floor space 17 constituting a lower floor space and an upper floor space. It is partitioned into a second-floor space 18 and a hut space 19 that constitute the building. The roof 13 is configured in the form of a mountain-shaped gable or a ridge building, and the roof space 19 is provided below the roof 13. This attic space 19 communicates with the second-floor space 18. The first floor space 17 and the second floor space 18 are partitioned by a partition wall 20 into a plurality of rooms R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6.

  In the house 10 having the above-described highly airtight and highly heat-insulated structure, a ventilating facility 21 is provided in order to exhaust internal contaminated air and take in fresh fresh air. The ventilation facility 21 includes a ventilation fan 22 installed at a specific location on the outer wall 12, an outside air introduction port 23 formed at an arbitrary location on the outer wall 12, and a plurality of ventilation ports 24 provided on the floor 14. Configured.

  The ventilation fan 22 is a toilet ventilation fan provided in the toilets R3 and R6, for example, and is operated continuously for 24 hours. In addition, the outside air introduction port 23 is provided in all or a part of the rooms in contact with the outer wall 12, such as the Japanese-style room R1, the bedroom R2, and the dining room R4, and introduces the outside air into these rooms. Furthermore, the vent holes 24 are provided in all the rooms of the first floor space 17 in contact with the floor 14 so that the air in these rooms and the air in the underfloor space 15 can flow in and out. In the room of the second floor space 18, a ventilation passage 25 is provided in the lower part of the partition wall 20 or in the lower part of a door or a sliding door provided in the partition wall. Air flows in and out between adjacent rooms of the second-floor space 18 through the ventilation passage 25. Note that the outside air introduction port 23, the ventilation port 24, and the ventilation passage 25 are each provided with a frame (not shown) having an opening / closing mechanism.

  Since the house 10 has an airtight structure as described above, outside air is introduced into a room (for example, the Japanese-style room R1, the dining room R4, etc.) provided with the outside air inlet 23 by continuous operation of the ventilation fan 22 for 24 hours. In the first floor space 17, the outside air is introduced when the ventilation outlet 26 of the partition wall 20 of the toilet R 3 provided with the ventilation fan 22 is closed by the lid 27 (FIG. 10). From a room (for example, Japanese-style room R1), it flows into the underfloor space 15 through the vent 24 communicated with the Japanese-style room R1, flows through the underfloor space 15, and ventilated with the toilet R3 provided with the ventilation fan 22 The air flows into the toilet R3 through 24 and is discharged into the atmosphere by the ventilation fan 22. In addition, in the second-floor space 18, outside air flows from the room (for example, the dining room R 4) where the outside air is introduced, through the kitchen R 5 communicating with the dining room R 4, and through the ventilation passage 25, the ventilation fan 22 is provided. It flows into the toilet R6 and is discharged into the atmosphere by the ventilation fan 22.

  Further, when the vent outlet 26 is opened, the vent outlet 26 has a smaller flow path resistance than the vent 24 of the floor 14, so that the outside air introduced into the first floor space 17 through the outside air inlet 23 is outside air. From the room (for example, Japanese-style room R1) to the adjacent room (for example, bedroom R2) through a gap between rooms (not shown), and flows into the toilet R3 from the vent 26 in the partition wall 20 of the toilet R3. It is discharged into the atmosphere by the ventilation fan 22. That is, when the ventilation outlet 26 is opened, outside air is not introduced into the underfloor space 15, and this outside air flows through the first floor space 17. At this time, as will be described later, warm air flows into the underfloor space 15 via the first duct 35 (FIG. 6), or cool air in the underfloor space 15 flows out to the first floor space 17 via the second duct 36. Then, cold air flows (FIGS. 8 and 9).

  In this way, ventilation in the house 10 is performed throughout the year by continuous operation of the ventilation fan 22, fresh outside air is introduced into the first floor space 17 and the second floor space 18 through the outside air inlet 23, and the first floor space 17. And the indoor air in the second-floor space 18 is discharged into the atmosphere through the ventilation fan 22. Furthermore, when the outside air introduced into the first floor space 17 flows through the underfloor space 15 and this underfloor space 15 is used as a duct, or when warm air or cold air flows through the underfloor space 15, the underfloor space 15 Ventilation is performed in the same manner as the first-floor space 17 and the second-floor space 18, and the air introduced under the floor flows to maintain a dry state, thereby preventing the occurrence of condensation.

  By the way, the house 10 is for heating and cooling the space 16 on the floor such as the space 17 on the first floor 17 and the space 18 on the second floor, in addition to the above-described ventilation equipment 21 for ventilating the space on the first floor 17, the space 18 on the second floor, and the space 15 below the floor. An air conditioning facility 31 is provided. These ventilation equipment 21 and air conditioning equipment 31 constitute a building air conditioning system 30.

  The air conditioning facility 31 is installed in the upper part of the house 10, and a roof 13 (south side roof surface 13A and north side roof surface 13B) as a heat collector including a ventilation layer 32 through which air flows, and the south side roof surface 13A. The first duct 35 communicates the ventilation layer 32 and the underfloor space 15 and the second duct 36 communicates between the underfloor space 15 and the vicinity of the ceiling of the first floor space 17. A first fan 37 is disposed in the first duct 35, and a second fan 38 is disposed in the second duct 36.

  In the first duct 35, the upstream duct inlet 33 is opened in the ventilation layer 32 of the south roof surface 13 </ b> A, or the downstream duct outlet 34 is opened in the underfloor space 15. Further, the first duct 35 is provided with a duct intermediate discharge port 39 on the downstream side of the first fan 37 so as to open to the second floor space 18. The duct intermediate discharge port 39 is provided so as to be openable and closable, and is closed except when cool air flows out from the duct intermediate discharge port 39 as described later. Moreover, since the below-mentioned warm air or cool air flows through the inside of the 1st duct 35, in order to prevent the heat radiation from air, it is coat | covered with the heat insulating material.

  Therefore, the 1st duct 35 comprised in this way is the air (warm air) in the ventilation layer 32 of 13 A of south side roof surfaces heated by 40 to 50 degreeC by the solar heat in the daytime of winter first, The first fan 37 is operated to flow out from the duct outlet 34 and lead to the underfloor space 15 (FIG. 6), heat is stored in the concrete of the foundation 11, and warm air is vented from the vent 24 of the floor 14 to the first floor space 17. The first floor space 17 and the second floor space 18 are heated by blowing. Secondly, the first duct 35 secondly causes almost all of the air in the ventilation layer 32 of the south roof surface 13 </ b> A that has been radiatively cooled during summer night to flow out from the duct intermediate outlet 39 by the operation of the first fan 37. Then, the second floor space 18 is cooled (FIG. 9), and the remaining cooling air is discharged into the underfloor space 15 through the duct outlet 34, thereby cooling the underfloor space 15. Here, the operation of the first fan 37 is controlled based on a timer, a temperature sensor, or the like, or is operated manually.

  In the second duct 36 shown in FIG. 1, the duct inlet 40 at the downstream end is opened to the underfloor space 15, and the duct outlet 41 at the upstream end is opened near the ceiling of the first floor space 17. Thus, the second duct 36 introduces air in the underfloor space 15 cooled to, for example, 17 ° C. to 18 ° C. by geothermal heat during summer daytime and nighttime through the duct inlet 40 by the operation of the second fan 38. Then, the air flows out from the duct outlet 41 and cools the first floor space 17 (FIGS. 8 and 9). At this time, a part of the air in the first floor space 17 flows into the underfloor space 15 through the vent holes 24 of the floor 14. The remaining air in the first floor space 17 is exhausted from the ventilation fan 22 to the atmosphere via the ventilation exhaust port 26. Here, the operation of the second fan 38 is controlled based on a timer, a temperature sensor, or the like, or is operated by a manual operation. The second duct 36 is also covered with a heat insulating material to prevent heat dissipation from the air flowing inside.

  By the way, as shown in FIGS. 1-3, the said roof 13 has the ventilation layer 32 formed in the whole surface of 13 A of south side roof surfaces. In this roof 13, a plurality of roof rafters 44 are spanned between the beams 42 and 43, and a structural plywood 45 is laid on these roof rafters 44. A heat insulating material 47 is installed, and a plurality of ventilation rafters 48 as ventilation layer forming members are arranged on the heat insulating material 47, and a roof finishing body 49 is laid on the ventilation rafter 48. The ventilation layer 32 is formed between the heat insulating material 47 and the roof finish 49 by the presence of the ventilation rafters 48.

  The roof finished body 49 is obtained by installing a metal plate 52 on a structural plywood 50 through a roofing 51. The metal plate 52 is preferably a copper plate, a stainless steel plate, a galvanium steel plate, or the like having good thermal conductivity, and any of them may be painted in a dark color such as black to enhance heat absorption. Instead of the metal plate 52, a color vest (registered trademark) may be used.

  The duct inlet 33 of the first duct 35 opens into the ventilation layer 32 and, as shown in FIG. 3, is a predetermined distance from the upper edge 53 of the roof surface 13A at the center in the left-right direction of the south roof surface 13A. A is set at a position closer to the center in the vertical direction. The predetermined distance a is set as a ratio with respect to the distance L between the water upper edge 53 and the water lower edge 54 of the south side roof surface 13A, and is set to a value in a range of about 1/5 <a / L <about 1/2. Is preferred. By setting the value of the predetermined distance a within the above range, air that has been warmed by solar heat through the ventilation layer 32 is introduced into the duct inlet 33 of the first duct 35.

  The ventilation rafters 48 forming the ventilation layer 32 between the heat insulating material 47 and the roof finishing body 49 are arranged obliquely at an inclination angle α in the direction toward the duct inlet 33 of the first duct 35 and are parallel to each other. A plurality are provided. This inclination angle α is, for example, 45 degrees. Also, as shown in FIG. 2, an eaves lower member 55 is provided under the eaves of the roof 13, and an air inflow port 56 is formed in the eaves lower member 55. A ridge member 57 is installed in the ridge of the roof 13, and an air outflow inlet 58 is formed in the ridge member 57.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the air flows from the air inlet 56 and the air outlet 58 to the lower edge 54 of the south roof surface 13 </ b> A during the winter daytime and summer nighttime by the operation of the first fan 37. While flowing into the ventilation layer 32 through the upper water edge 53 and flowing toward the duct inlet 33 along the plurality of ventilation rafters 48 of the ventilation layer 32, it is warmed by solar heat or radiated and cooled. It is introduced into the first duct 35 from the duct inlet 33.

  As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 4, the air flows into the air inlet 56 of the eaves member 55 by the upward flow of the air heated by solar heat in the ventilation layer 32 of the south side roof surface 13 </ b> A during the summer daytime. Flows into the ventilation layer 32 through the lower edge 54 of the south roof surface 13A, flows along the plurality of ventilation rafters 48, and flows into the duct inlet 33 without flowing into the duct inlet 33. After that, the air is discharged (heat exhausted) from the air outlet / inlet 58 of the ridge member 57 into the atmosphere. The air flow in the ventilation layer 32 on the south side roof surface 13 </ b> A during the summer daytime, combined with the heat insulating action by the heat insulating material 47 of the roof 13, cuts off the summer heat and suppresses the temperature rise of the floor space 16.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the solar sunlight 59 that passes through the meridian at the winter solstice has an incident angle θ of about 31 degrees, and the south roof surface 13 </ b> A of the roof 13 particularly has the sunlight 59 (incident angle θ at this time). = 31 degrees) is set at an angle close to the reference line 60 of this angle β with reference to an angle β that is substantially orthogonal to the angle β. By setting the south side roof surface 13A at an angle close to the reference line 60, the air flowing through the ventilation layer 32 of the south side roof surface 13A can efficiently take in solar heat in winter.

  In addition, the roof 13 of this Embodiment is comprised by joining the south side roof surface 13A and the north side roof surface 13B, and the ridge member 57 is extended to the east and west at this junction location. Similarly to the south roof surface 13A, the north roof surface 13B may be formed with a ventilation layer 32 with a ventilation rafter 48 interposed between the heat insulating material 47 and the roof finish 49, but the first duct 35 is located on the south side. It communicates only with the ventilation layer 32 on the roof surface 13A, and warm air by solar heat and cold air by radiation cooling generated in the ventilation layer 32 on the south side roof surface 13A are respectively guided to the underfloor space 15, the second floor space 18, and the like.

  Further, in the structure of the roof 13, a fiber-based heat insulating material 61 (FIG. 5) may be used instead of the plastic heat insulating material 47. In this case, the roof 13 has a structure in which a fiber-based heat insulating material 61 is disposed between a plurality of roof rafters 44, and a waterproof and moisture-permeable sheet 62 is placed on the structural plywood 45 installed on these roof rafters 44. And a ventilation rafter 48 is disposed on the waterproof and moisture-permeable sheet 62, and a roof finish 49 is laid on the ventilation rafter 48. An airtight sheet 46 is attached to the lower surface of the fiber-based heat insulating material 61. The reason why the waterproof and moisture permeable sheet 62 is provided is that the fiber-based heat insulating material 61 has high hygroscopicity, so that the fiber-based heat insulating material 61 is waterproofed and also dehumidified from the heat insulating material 61.

  Next, the air conditioning operation of the building air conditioning system 30 will be described with reference to FIGS. In this building air conditioning system 30, the ventilation fan 22 of the ventilation facility 21 is always continuously operated.

  During the winter daytime shown in FIG. 6, the ventilation outlet 21 of the ventilation facility 21 is opened, and fresh outside air is introduced into the first floor space 17 and the second floor space 18 from the outside air inlet 23, and this outside air is It is supplied to each room of the floor space 16 such as the space 17 and the second floor space 18. The air in each room of the floor space 16 passes through the ventilation outlet 26 of the first floor space 17 and the ventilation passage 25 of the second floor space 18 and is exhausted from the ventilation fan 22 to the atmosphere. In this way, ventilation of the space 16 on the floor such as the first floor space 17 and the second floor space 18 is performed.

  Further, during the winter daytime, the first fan 37 is operated in the air conditioning equipment 31 by, for example, timer control. As a result, air flows into the ventilation layer 32 of the south side roof surface 13A from the air inlet 56 of the eaves member 55 and the air outlet 58 of the ridge member 57, and this air is warmed by solar heat to become warm air. It is introduced into the first duct 35 from the inlet 33 and guided to the underfloor space 15. The warm air guided to the underfloor space 15 is blown into the first floor space 17 from the vent 24 of the floor 14 to heat the above-floor space 16 such as the first floor space 17 and the second floor space 18.

  In the winter night shown in FIG. 7, the ventilation facility 21 is operated in the same manner as during the winter daytime (FIG. 6) to ventilate the floor space 16, but the first fan 37 of the air conditioning facility 31 is stopped by timer control, for example. . Since the heat of warm air supplied to the underfloor space 15 during the daytime in winter is stored in the concrete of the foundation 11, this stored heat is released to the first floor space 17 through the floor 14 during the nighttime in winter. The floor space 16 such as the first floor space 17 is heated.

  Also during the summer daytime shown in FIG. 8, the ventilation outlet 21 of the ventilation facility 21 is opened, and fresh outside air introduced into the first floor space 17 and the second floor space 18 from the outside air inlet 23 is the first floor space 17, It is supplied to each room of the floor space 16 such as the second floor space 18. The room air in each room passes through the ventilation outlet 26 of the first floor space 17 and the ventilation passage 25 of the second floor space 18 and is exhausted from the ventilation fan 22 to the atmosphere, thereby ventilating the floor space 16.

  In the air conditioning facility 31 during the summer daytime, the first fan 37 is stopped and the second fan 38 is operated by timer control, for example. At this time, air is rising due to solar heat in the ventilation layer 32 on the south side roof surface 13 </ b> A, air flows into the ventilation layer 32 from the air inlet 56 of the eaves member 55, and the air outlet of the ridge member 57. The heated air in the ventilation layer 32 is discharged from 58. Due to the heat insulating action of the air flowing through the ventilation layer 32 of the south side roof surface 13A and the heat insulating materials 47 and 61 of the south side roof surface 13A and the north side roof surface 13B, the penetration of solar heat into the floor space 16 is blocked.

  Further, by the operation of the second fan 38, the cold air in the underfloor space 15 cooled by geothermal heat is introduced into the first floor space 17 through the second duct 36, and is combined with the cold air due to heat conduction from the underfloor space 15. Thus, the first floor space 17 is cooled. The air in the first floor space 17 is introduced into the underfloor space 15 through the vent holes 24 of the floor 14 and cooled. In addition, during the summer daytime, the second-floor space 18 may be cooled by the cooling device 63.

  In the summer night shown in FIG. 9, the ventilation facility 21 is operated in the same manner as in the summer daytime (FIG. 8) to ventilate the space 16 on the floor, but the first fan 37 of the cooling / heating facility 31 together with the second fan 38, for example, The operation is performed by the timer control, and the duct intermediate discharge port 39 of the first duct 35 is further opened. During the summer night, the air in the ventilation layer 32 of the south roof surface 13A is radiatively cooled. Therefore, by the operation of the first fan 37, the air (cold air) in the ventilation layer 32 of the south roof surface 13A that has been radiatively cooled. Is discharged to the second floor space 18 from the duct intermediate outlet 39 through the first duct 35, and the second floor space 18 is cooled. In addition, the cooling of the first-floor space 17 is performed by geothermal heat as in the summer daytime by the operation of the second fan 38.

  In the intermediate period (spring and autumn) shown in FIG. 10, the first fan 37 and the second fan 38 of the cooling / heating facility 31 are stopped, and the cooling / heating by the cooling / heating facility 31 is not performed. Is closed by the lid 27. Thereby, in the first floor space 17, the outside air introduced from the outside air inlet 23 reaches the underfloor space 15 from the vent 24 of the floor 14 and flows in the underfloor space 15, for example, the vent of the toilet R <b> 3. 24 reaches this toilet R3 and is discharged into the atmosphere by the ventilation fan 22. Thereby, the inside of the underfloor space 15 is dehumidified and dried. In the second floor space 18, the outside air introduced from the outside air introduction port 23 is supplied to each room of the second floor space 18, and the indoor air in each room reaches, for example, the toilet R 6 and flows into the atmosphere from the ventilation fan 22. Is discharged.

  With the configuration as described above, the following effects (1) to (9) are achieved according to the above embodiment.

  (1) As shown in FIG. 1, in the winter season, warm air generated by being heated by solar heat while air flows through the ventilation layer 32 of the south side roof surface 13 </ b> A passes through the first duct 35 to the underfloor space 15. Introduced to heat the floor space 16 such as the first floor space 17 and the second floor space 18, or in summer, the cold air generated by cooling the air flowing in the underfloor space 15 by geothermal heat causes the second duct 36 to flow. After that, it is introduced into the floor space 16 to cool the first floor space 17 and the like. In this way, by using solar heat and geothermal heat, air-conditioning of the on-floor space 16 such as the first floor space 17 and the second floor space 18 can be realized with energy saving.

(2) The outside air introduced into the first floor space 17 and the second floor space 18 from the outside air introduction port 23 is guided into the underfloor space 15 through the vent hole 24 of the floor 14, and the ventilation fan 22 through the other vent hole 24. The warm air flows into the underfloor space 15 through the first duct 35, or the cool air in the underfloor space 15 is guided into the first floor space 17 through the second duct 36. Further, the underfloor space 15 can be dehumidified and dried. For this reason, corrosion and deterioration of the building material in contact with the underfloor space 15 can be prevented, and generation of mold, termites and the like in the underfloor space 15 can be prevented, so that the durability of the house 10 can be improved.

(3) Since the underfloor space 15 is a space constituted by the floor 14 and the foundation 11 of the entire house 10, the area of the earth that is in contact with the foundation 11 is large. For this reason, the earth is located in the underfloor space 15. Even if it exchanges heat with flowing air, its temperature hardly changes. Therefore, the air flowing in the under-floor space 15 can be cooled with good heat exchange at all times, and the above-floor space 16 such as the first floor space 17 can be suitably cooled.

(4) The building air conditioning system 30 for ventilating and cooling the floor space 16 of the house 10 has a south side roof surface 13A provided with a ventilation layer 32, a first duct 35, a second duct 36, a first fan 37, and a second fan. 38, the initial cost of the building air conditioning system 30 can be reduced because it is configured to include the ventilation fan 22, the outside air introduction port 23, the ventilation port 24, and the like. In addition, since there is no glass heat collecting panel on the roof 13, maintenance is easy and the running cost can be reduced. Furthermore, since the ventilation fan 22 is a normal toilet ventilation fan, it can be easily replaced. In this respect, the running cost can be reduced.

(5) Since the south side roof surface 13A is installed with reference to the reference line 60 at an angle substantially orthogonal to the solar sunlight 59 passing through the meridian at the winter solstice, the south side roof surface 13A flows through the ventilation layer 32 of the south side roof surface 13A Air can be efficiently heated by solar heat to generate warm air.

(6) Since the duct inlet 33 of the first duct 35 opened into the ventilation layer 32 of the south side roof surface 13A is set at a position closer to the center by a predetermined distance a from the water edge 53 of the south side roof surface 13A. Air sufficiently warmed in the ventilation layer 32 on the south side roof surface 13 </ b> A can be introduced as warm air into the first duct 35 through the duct inlet 33.

(7) The ventilation rafters 48 forming the ventilation layer 32 of the south side roof surface 13A are disposed obliquely at an inclination angle α in the direction toward the duct inlet 33 of the first duct 35, and thus flow in the ventilation layer 32. Since the air flows along the ventilation rafter 48, the air can be smoothly guided to the duct inlet 33 without stagnation.

(8) Since the first duct 35 is provided with a duct intermediate discharge port 39 that opens into the second-floor space 18 on the downstream side of the first fan 37, the first duct 35 flows through the ventilation layer 32 of the south roof surface 13A. Since the air (cold air) that is radiatively cooled at night in the summer can be guided to the second floor space 18 from the duct intermediate outlet 39, the second floor space 18 can be cooled well.

  (9) Since the first duct 35 and the second duct 36 are covered with a heat insulating material, heat radiation from the air flowing through these ducts 35 and 36 can be prevented, and heating and cooling of the floor space 16 of the house 10 are efficient. Can be implemented.

[B] Second embodiment (FIG. 11)
FIG. 11 is a plan view showing the air flow in the winter daytime and the summer nighttime, except for the roof finishing body, on the roof of the house to which the second embodiment of the building air conditioning system according to the present invention is applied. In the second embodiment, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In the second embodiment, a ventilation layer 66 is provided on the entire surface of the south roof surface 65, and a ventilation rafter 67 serving as a ventilation layer forming member that forms the ventilation layer 66 includes the water-side edge 53 and the south roof surface 65. A plurality of lines are arranged in parallel to each other and perpendicular to the underwater edge 54. In the plurality of ventilation rafters 67, a notch 68 is formed at a position on a straight line passing through the duct inlet 33 of the first duct 35 and parallel to the water edge 53. The cutout portion 68 is provided so that air flowing along the ventilation rafter 67 in the ventilation layer 66 passes through the cutout portion 68 toward the duct inlet 33.

  Further, a dam plate 69 is installed at a position corresponding to the duct inlet 33 on the lower edge 54 of the south roof surface 65, and a ventilation gap is formed between the dam plate 69 and the ventilation rafter 67 near the duct inlet 33. 64 is formed. The air that has flowed into the lower edge 54 near the weir plate 69 flows into the ventilation layer 66 through the ventilation gap 64, flows along the ventilation rafter 67 near the duct inlet 63, and flows into the duct inlet 63. To be introduced. Thereby, the flow time of the air flowing toward the ventilation rafter 67 in the vicinity of the duct inlet 33 is increased, and this air can be sufficiently warmed.

  Even in the south side roof surface 65 having the ventilation rafters 67 arranged in this manner, the air in the ventilation layer 66 flows from the upper edge 53 and the lower edge 54 of the water in the winter daytime and summer night as indicated by solid arrows. It flows toward 33, and also flows in the summer daytime from the lower edge 54 toward the upper edge 53 as indicated by a broken arrow. Therefore, the second embodiment also has the same effects as the effects (1) to (9) of the first embodiment.

[C] Third embodiment (FIGS. 12 to 14)
FIG. 12 is a plan view showing the air flow in the winter daytime and in the summertime night, except for the roof finishing body, on the roof of the house to which the third embodiment of the building air-conditioning system according to the present invention is applied. In the third embodiment, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

  The third embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the structure of a roof finishing body 70 having tiles 71 as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14. In this roof finishing body 70, a plurality of roof tiles 72 parallel to the water upper edge 53 and the water lower edge 54 are installed on the ventilation rafters 48 arranged obliquely, and the tile 71 is arranged on the roof rail 72. Is. These roof tiles 71 and roof rails 72 constitute a roof finishing body 70.

  In the third embodiment, since the roof structure other than the roof finishing body 70 is the same as that of the first embodiment, the air in the ventilation layer 32 flows in the same manner as in the first embodiment. The arrows in FIG. 12 indicate the case of winter daytime and summertime night. In the case of summer daytime, air flows in the ventilation layer 32 in the direction of the arrow in FIG. Therefore, the third embodiment also has the same effects as the effects (1) to (9) of the first embodiment.

[D] Fourth embodiment (FIGS. 15 to 18)
FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a building to which a fourth embodiment of a building air-conditioning system according to the present invention is applied. FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing another building to which the building air conditioning system of FIG. 15 is applied. In the fourth embodiment, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In the fourth embodiment, a first heat collecting plate 81 (FIG. 15), a second heat collecting plate 82 (FIG. 16), and a third heat collecting plate 83 as heat collecting bodies are arranged in a building 80 as a building. The first heat collecting plate 81 is disposed horizontally on the roof 84 of the building 80. The second heat collecting plate 82 is installed on the roof 84 of the building 80 at an inclination using the mounting stay 85, and the third heat collecting plate 83 is installed on the wall 86 on the south or east side of the building 80. The attachment stay 85 attaches the second heat collecting plate 82 so as to be parallel to the reference line 60 that is substantially orthogonal to the solar sunlight 59 that passes through the meridian during the winter solstice.

  The first heat collecting plate 81 has a ventilation layer 32 formed using a ventilation rafter 48 on the south side roof surface 13A of the first embodiment, or a ventilation rafter 67 on the south side roof surface 65 of the second embodiment. It has a ventilation layer similar to the ventilation layer 66 formed by using, and a ventilation rafter. In this case, the duct inlet 33 of the first duct 35 is preferably installed at a position corresponding to the center of the first heat collecting plate 81. The first duct 35 may guide warm air (winter in the winter) or cold air (summer night) generated by the first heat collecting plate 81 to the underground space, and is also suitable for directly leading to the living room. is there.

  As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the second heat collecting plate 82 and the third heat collecting plate 83 have a ventilation layer 87 formed on the entire surface. In the second heat collecting plate 82 and the third heat collecting plate 83, a plurality of partition plates 90 as ventilation layer forming members are provided between the bottom plate 88 and the top plate 89 in parallel with the water upper edge 91 and the water lower edge 92. A sheet is arranged. The ventilation layer 87 is formed by being partitioned by a plurality of partition plates 90 in a space between the bottom plate 88 and the top plate 89.

  In the second heat collecting plate 82 and the third heat collecting plate 83, a heat insulating material 93 is disposed on the water edge 91 side, and heat insulating materials 94 and 95 are provided on both sides of the water edge 91 and on both sides orthogonal to the water edge 91, respectively. Is installed. A plurality of adjacent partition plates 90 and the heat insulating material 93 are in contact with the heat insulating material 94 or 95 alternately, and a ventilation gap 96 is formed between the non-contacting heat insulating materials 94 or 95. Further, the duct inlet 33 of the first duct 31 is installed at a position a predetermined distance a from the water edge 91.

  As shown by the arrows in FIG. 17, the air flows from the ventilation gaps 96 on the lower edge 92 side and the upper edge 91 side of the second heat collecting plate 82 or the third heat collecting plate 83 in the winter daytime or summer nighttime. 87 flows into. This air passes through the ventilation gap 96 in the ventilation layer 87, moves along the partition plate 90, and snakes and flows in the ventilation layer 87. During this time, the air is warmed by solar heat or is radiatively cooled to reach the duct inlet 33 and led to the first duct 35. Also in this case, the warm air or cold air guided to the first duct 35 is guided to the underground space or directly to the living room. Further, during the summer daytime, air flows into the ventilation layer 87 from the ventilation gap 96 on the lower edge 92 side of the first heat collection plate 82 or the third heat collection plate 83, and meanders in the ventilation layer 87. It flows, is heated by solar heat, and is discharged from the ventilation gap 96 on the water edge 91 side.

  Therefore, in the fourth embodiment, in addition to the effects (1), (3) to (7) and (9) of the first embodiment, the following effect (10) Play.

  (10) Since the partition plate 90 forming the ventilation layer 87 of the second heat collecting plate 82 or the third heat collecting plate 83 is arranged so that the air meanders and flows in the ventilation layer 87, the ventilation plate The air flowing meandering in the layer 87 can be sufficiently warmed by solar heat.

  As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated based on the said embodiment, this invention is not limited to this. For example, in the above embodiment, the case where the building has two or more floors has been described. However, the present invention may be applied to a one-story house 10.

It is sectional drawing which shows the house where 1st Embodiment of the building air-conditioning system which concerns on this invention was applied. It is sectional drawing which shows the roof of FIG. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the air flow in the winter daytime and in the summertime night, excluding the roof finishing body in the roof of FIG. 1. It is a top view which shows the roof of FIG. 3 and shows the flow of the air in summer daytime. It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of the roof of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the flow of the air of the winter daytime in the house of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the flow of the air at the night of winter in the house of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the flow of the air in the summer daytime in the house of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the flow of the air at the summer night in the house of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the flow of the air of the middle period (spring, autumn) in the house of FIG. It is a top view which shows the flow of the air in winter daytime and the summer night, shown except the roof finishing body in the roof of the house where 2nd Embodiment of the building air-conditioning system which concerns on this invention was applied. It is a top view which shows the flow of the air in winter daytime and the summer night, shown except the roof finishing body in the roof of the house where the 3rd Embodiment of the building air-conditioning system concerning this invention was applied. It is sectional drawing which shows the roof of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of the roof of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the building where 4th Embodiment of the building air-conditioning system which concerns on this invention was applied. It is a perspective view which shows the other building where the building air-conditioning system of FIG. 15 was applied. FIG. 17 is a plan view showing the air flow in the winter daytime and in the summertime night without the top plate in the heat collecting plate of FIGS. 15 and 16. It is a perspective view which abbreviate | omits and shows the heat collecting board of FIG.

10 House (building)
11 foundation 12 outer wall 13 roof 13A south side roof surface (heat collecting body)
14 Floor 15 Underfloor space 16 Floor space 17 First floor space 18 Second floor space 19 Back space 20 Partition wall 21 Ventilation equipment 22 Ventilation fan 23 Outside air inlet 24 Ventilation hole 26 Ventilation outlet 30 Building air conditioning system 31 Air conditioning system 32 Ventilation layer 35 First duct 36 Second duct 37 First fan 38 Second fan 33 Duct inlet 39 Duct intermediate outlet 48 Ventilation rafter (vent layer forming member)
53 Water edge 54 Water edge 59 Sunlight 60 Reference line 65 South roof (heat collector)
66 Ventilation layer 67 Ventilation rafter (ventilation layer forming member)
80 Building
81 1st heat collecting plate (heat collecting body)
82 Second heat collector (heat collector)
83 3rd heat collecting plate (heat collecting body)
87 Ventilation layer a Predetermined distance α Inclination angle θ Incident angle β Angle

Claims (9)

A building air-conditioning system in which a roof, a wall, and a foundation are provided in a building configured in an airtight and heat-insulating structure to cool and heat a building space,
A heat collector that is installed at the top of the building and includes a ventilation layer through which air flows;
A first duct provided with a first fan, communicating an underfloor space formed by a floor installed on the foundation and the ventilation layer of the heat collector;
A space above the floor and the space below the floor communicate with each other, and a second duct provided with a second fan,
The warm air generated in the ventilation layer of the heat collector can be introduced into the underfloor space via the first duct, and the cold air generated in the underfloor space can be introduced into the underfloor space via the second duct. It can be introduced to,
A ventilation fan and an outside air inlet are provided at predetermined positions on the wall of the building, and a vent is formed in the floor. The outside air introduced into the floor space from the outside air inlet through the vent is located under the floor space. Is configured to be exhausted to the atmosphere by the ventilator through the other vents,
A ventilation outlet is formed in the partition wall of the room where the ventilation fan is installed, and this ventilation outlet is closed, so that the outside air introduced into the space above the floor from the outside air inlet through the floor vent A building air-conditioning system that is designed to lead to space .   The building air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the heat collector is a roof, and a ventilation layer is formed on the entire surface of the roof on the south side of the roof.   2. The building air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the heat collector is a heat collecting plate installed on the roof or wall of the building, and a ventilation layer is formed on the entire surface of the heat collecting plate.   The building air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heat collector is installed on the basis of an angle substantially orthogonal to sunlight of the sun passing through the meridian at the winter solstice.   5. The duct inlet of the first duct that opens into the ventilation layer of the heat collector is set at a position from the center by a predetermined distance from the upper edge of the heat collector. The building air conditioning system according to any one of the above.   The building air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a ventilation layer forming member that forms the ventilation layer of the heat collector is arranged in a direction toward the duct inlet of the first duct.   The building air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the ventilation layer forming member forming the ventilation layer of the heat collector is arranged so that air snakes and flows in the ventilation layer. system.   The building air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first duct is provided with a duct intermediate outlet opening in the floor space on the downstream side of the first fan so as to be closed. system. The building air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein the first duct and the second duct are covered with a heat insulating material.

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