JP2004197974A - Air conditioner and air conditioning method for residence - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide air-conditioning that can be easily applied to general residences, and that uses relatively simple facilities without excessively increasing operation cost by using heat accumulating technique. <P>SOLUTION: This air conditioner is for heating or cooling room space in a residence. It is provided with underfloor space 20 provided under room space 15 and 16 in the residence 10, a heat insulation layer 22 constructed on inner surfaces of the underfloor space 20, blocks of heat accumulating material 26 deposited in the underfloor space 20, a CO<SB>2</SB>warm water supply device 40 to supply warm air or cold air to the underfloor space 20, or a warm and cold heat supply device to heat air in ceiling space 13 by sunbeams, and a warm and cold air supply passage 36 to communicate the underfloor space 20 with the room space 15 and 16 to supply warm air or cold air from the underfloor space 20 into the room space 15 and 16. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an air conditioner and an air conditioning method for a house, and more particularly, to an air conditioner that economically achieves heating or cooling of an entire house by efficiently using energy and an air conditioner that effectively uses the air conditioner. How to be targeted.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a general residential air conditioner, an air conditioner is installed in each room, and a large air conditioner installed outside is supplied with hot and cold air to each room through an air conditioning duct. I have.
However, the air conditioner and the like must be fully operated during a very hot season or a very cold season, so that the power consumption becomes excessive and the power cost of each household rises. In some cases, power demand exceeding the power supply capacity of the power company occurs, or a new power generation facility needs to be constructed, which increases the economic burden.
[0003]
A device for storing cold or warm heat using inexpensive nighttime electric power has been proposed. For example, there is a technology in which ice is produced and stored with electric power at night, and in the daytime, cold air is generated by the cold heat of the stored ice to cool the room. In addition, there is a technology in which tap water is heated by electric power at night and stored in a hot water tank, and in the daytime, air is heated by heat of the hot water tank to perform heating.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the air conditioner using the conventional heat storage device as described above, in order to have a heat storage capacity sufficient to air-condition the entire house, the heat storage device becomes large and complicated, and the equipment cost is high. There is.
In offices and shops, installing such a large heat storage device may be economically attractive, but in ordinary houses, the installation space for equipment is not available and the economic burden is very heavy. Therefore, diffusion is hindered.
An object of the present invention is to make it possible to perform air conditioning of a house using the above-described heat storage technology, which can be applied to a general house, with relatively simple equipment and without excessive operation cost. It is to be.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
An air conditioner for a house according to the present invention is an air conditioner for heating or cooling an indoor space of a house, and an underfloor space provided below the indoor space of the house, and a heat insulating layer constructed to surround the underfloor space. A heat storage material in the form of granules deposited in the underfloor space, a hot / cold heat supply device for supplying hot or cold air to the underfloor space, and communicating the underfloor space and the indoor space with each other; And a hot / cold air supply path for supplying hot air or cold air to the air.
[Housing]
It is suitably used for general detached houses and relatively small apartment houses. The present invention can be applied to a large apartment house and a house that also serves as a store.
[0006]
The basic structure of a house includes an indoor space in which a resident lives, and an underfloor space which is arranged below the indoor space and is constituted by a basic structure of the house. In some cases, an attic space exists between the ceiling and the roof above the indoor space.
The indoor space may be a one-story building or a multi-story building such as a two-story or three-story building. The interior space on each floor is divided into rooms, a shared space such as a corridor exists, or a staircase space exists.
(Underfloor space)
The underfloor space is a space formed below the floor of the upper structure when an upper structure constituting the indoor space is constructed on a basic structure such as a cloth foundation. Surrounded by a basic structure, the bottom surface is the ground surface, and the upper surface is the floor structure. On the bottom, concrete may be poured on the ground surface and earth concrete may be constructed.
[0007]
The underfloor space is a substantially closed space in which a bottom surface, a peripheral side surface, and an upper surface are surrounded. The cloth foundation is often constructed so as to divide the flat area of the house into a plurality of rectangular divided sections. In this case, the underfloor space also has a structure divided into a plurality of sections, and each of the divided sections is in a sealed state.
The underfloor space can be freely circulated to the outside space of the house to promote ventilation of the underfloor space, prevent moisture, and prevent invasion of termites and the like. There is also a technique in which air once introduced into the underfloor space is supplied from the underfloor space to the indoor space to perform ventilation. In the case of the present invention, at least a part of the underfloor space is configured so as to be able to form a closed space that is isolated from the external space and the indoor space.
[0008]
(Heat insulation layer)
The underfloor space is arranged so as to insulate between the underfloor space and the surrounding outdoor space. Specifically, it can be installed on the inner surface of a wall member such as a foundation structure surrounding the underfloor space. A heat insulating layer can be provided on the outer surface side of a wall member such as a foundation structure. A heat insulating layer may be present inside the wall member in the thickness direction. In any case, it is sufficient if the function of confining the hot and cold heat stored in the underfloor space so as not to escape to the outside can be achieved.
As the material of the heat insulating layer, a heat insulating material employed in ordinary construction technology can be used. For example, a glass fiber mat, a foamed resin board such as a styrene board, a foamed urethane spray layer, and the like can be given. The thickness of the heat insulating layer is usually set to 3 to 10 cm.
[0009]
The heat insulation layer may be applied to the entire peripheral surface of the underfloor space, but the heat insulation layer may not necessarily be applied to the floor surface, which is the upper surface of the underfloor space. This is because a sufficient heat insulation construction is performed on the floor surface in order to secure the heat insulation property of the indoor space, and thus it may not be necessary to provide a new heat insulation layer on the underfloor space side. Also, this is because the hot / cold heat stored in the underfloor space may be transmitted from the floor surface to the indoor space, and on the contrary, the function of heating or cooling the indoor space may be achieved.
When the underfloor space is composed of a plurality of divided sections, a heat insulating layer may be constructed around each divided section, or a heat insulating layer may be constructed only on the surface to be the outer wall of the house. Good.
[0010]
When soil concrete is constructed on the bottom surface of the underfloor space, a heat insulation layer may be constructed below the soil concrete, or a heat insulation layer may be constructed on the upper surface of the soil concrete. Soil concrete itself has a certain degree of heat insulation function.
(Heat storage material)
A material having a large heat capacity for storing hot and cold heat used for air conditioning is used. However, it is not necessary to use a high-performance and expensive heat storage material used in an industrial heat storage device or the like.
Specifically, various natural rocks can be used. In general, dense rocks having a large specific gravity tend to have a large amount of heat storage. For example, andesite or granite can be used. The porous rock enhances the heat storage function by retaining hot or cold air in the internal space. Industrial products such as construction waste can also be used. Concrete plates and crushed concrete can also be used. Concrete blocks and bricks can also be used. A plurality of heat storage materials can be used in combination. Specific heat 0.2-0.3 kcal / kg ° C, heat capacity 500-1000 kcal / m ^Three Materials that have a temperature of ° C are preferred.
[0011]
By using the heat storage material in the form of granular mass, hot and cold air passes between the deposited heat storage materials, and heat exchange is efficiently performed. The shape of the agglomerate is not particularly limited. In addition to spherical and polyhedral shapes, irregular shapes may be used. For example, crushed or crushed rocks can be used. The particle size of the heat storage material can be set in the range of an average particle size of 5 to 20 cm. An average particle size of 15 to 20 cm is preferred.
The heat storage material can be deposited with a certain thickness on the entire surface of the underfloor space. There may be a place where the heat storage material is not deposited in a part of the underfloor space, or a place where the deposited thickness varies depending on the place. It is desirable to provide a space through which air flows relatively freely in the underfloor space. Therefore, it is preferable that the heat storage material is deposited so as not to fill the entire height of the underfloor space. In addition, it is desirable that air circulates in the entire thickness direction of the heat storage material. The deposition thickness of the heat storage material can be set in the range of 10 to 45 cm. Preferably, it is 20 to 30 cm.
[0012]
The heat storage material may be simply piled up in the underfloor space in a bulk state, or may be provided with a net, a sheet, a holding frame, a pile, a partition, or the like that suppresses the movement or collapse of the deposited layer of the heat storage material. The heat storage materials can be joined together with an adhesive or the like. A ventilation pipe may be buried in the heat-storage material deposited layer, or a ventilation-promoting gap member or a partition plate may be provided.
(Humidity control material)
It has the function of adjusting the humidity of the air flowing through the underfloor space to a certain range.
Specifically, when the humidity of the air is high, it absorbs and retains moisture and moisture in the air. When the humidity of the air decreases, the absorbed moisture is released. As a result, the humidity of the air is maintained in a substantially constant range.
[0013]
By the presence of the humidity control material, the humidity of the hot and cold air supplied from the underfloor space to the indoor space can be adjusted to an appropriate range. In addition, the humidity of the heat storage material can be maintained within a certain range, so that the heat storage function of the heat storage material can always be sufficiently exhibited.
As the humidity control material, a humidity control material used in a general construction technology field or the like can be used. Specifically, diatomaceous earth and siliceous shale can be used. The humidity control material is also preferably in the form of a granular mass similar to the heat storage material. The average particle size of the humidity control material can be set to 50 to 200 mm.
The humidity control material and the heat storage material can be placed separately in the underfloor space, but if the heat storage material and the humidity control material in the form of granules are deposited in a mixed state, the functions of both are well-balanced. Can be demonstrated.
[0014]
[Hot and cold heat supply device]
Performs the function of supplying hot or cold air to the underfloor space.
Basically, ordinary air conditioners, air conditioners, and air cooling and heating techniques can be applied. It is preferable that the installation cost and operation cost be low, and the equipment be simple in equipment and management.
Specifically, an apparatus described below can be used.
<CO _Two Hot water supply device>
It is a device that supplies hot water to the house. Water is heated and supplied to bathrooms, kitchens, and wash basins in houses.
[0015]
CO _Two The hot water supply device uses CO _Two Use CO that absorbed the heat of air _Two To generate high heat. The generated high heat is supplied to water to be heated. This is a device that efficiently produces hot water by a heat pump mechanism combining a heat exchanger and a compressor. Therefore, during operation, as water is heated, CO _Two Exhausted air is generated by the air deprived of heat by the heat medium. An exhaust air supply path for guiding the exhaust air to the underfloor space is provided at the exhaust air outlet of the exhaust air.
CO _Two The detailed structure of the hot water supply device is not particularly limited, and a technology common to a device installed in an ordinary house can be applied. It is preferable to have a structure in which the hot water produced is operated at night or at midnight and the produced hot water is stored in a hot water tank, and hot water is supplied as required.
[0016]
<Solar heat supply device>
Heat energy of solar radiation is captured, and heated air, that is, hot air is supplied to the underfloor space.
An attic space into which outside air is introduced is provided between the indoor space of the house and the roof. The outside air introduced into the attic space is heated by solar radiation hitting the roof. It is desirable that the roof is provided with a material and a structure having excellent heat absorption properties. A structure having good heat conductivity from the outer surface of the roof to the attic space is preferable. The introduction of outside air may be achieved by natural wind, or a ventilation fan for intake may be provided. An on-off valve or a direction control valve for controlling the introduction of outside air may be provided. A filter for removing dust and the like contained in the air may be provided.
[0017]
The attic space and the underfloor space are communicated with each other, and an attic air supply path is provided for sending air from the attic space to the underfloor space.
For the basic structure of the attic air supply path, the same technology as that of the ordinary air duct for air conditioning or ventilation can be applied.
The attic air supply passage passes through an indoor space between the attic space and the underfloor space. It is preferable to arrange it in a space that is not used for living, such as a pillar or a wall in an indoor space. The attic air supply path may be provided with a blower fan for forcibly sending air, or provided with an on-off valve for controlling or shutting off the blower.
[0018]
(Hot and cold air supply path)
The underfloor space and the indoor space are communicated with each other, and the function of supplying warm air or cold air from the underfloor space to the indoor space is achieved.
Basically, the same technology as ducts and pipes used for ordinary air conditioning and ventilation is applied.
The hot / cold air supply path may supply hot / cold air intensively to one location in the indoor space of the house, or may branch / supply hot / cold air to a plurality of locations such as living rooms.
[0019]
The hot / cold air supply path may be provided with a fan for forcibly blowing air, and a valve mechanism for controlling the amount of blown air, changing the direction of blown air, shutting off, and the like. It is also possible to appropriately control the air flow based on information obtained by the temperature sensor and the wind speed sensor. The hot / cold air supply path has a tower-like duct structure that extends vertically from the underfloor space to the indoor space at the center of the house, and supplies hot / cold air to each living space from the outlet provided in this duct structure. it can.
(Bidirectional blower)
When the underfloor space has a plurality of divided sections, it functions to forcibly ventilate between the divided sections.
[0020]
Basically, it is a blower incorporated in a normal ventilation system or air conditioning system, and has a bidirectional blowing function.
The bidirectional air blowing function is a function that can selectively switch air blowing from one divided section to the other divided section and air blowing from the other divided section to the one divided section in the opposite direction. For example, the problem can be solved by rotating the blower fan forward or backward or changing the blade angle. It is also possible to switch between a state in which air is not blown in any direction and a state in which the passage of air is cut off.
The bidirectional blower is disposed on a wall that partitions the divided sections. It may be embedded in the wall surface or may be mounted so as to protrude from the wall surface. It is also possible to form a ventilation opening only on the wall surface, change the direction of the entire blower installed in the divided sections, and perform air blowing between the divided sections.
[0021]
The operation of the bidirectional blower can be manually switched by operating a switch or the like, or can be automatically controlled. For example, it is possible to switch the air blowing direction at a predetermined time or a predetermined time interval by a timer switch, or to change the air blowing state when a certain environmental condition is satisfied. By installing a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a wind speed sensor, and the like in the divided sections on both sides, the operation of the bidirectional blower can be appropriately controlled based on information obtained from these sensors. It can be linked with the operation of the hot / cold air supply device. A two-way blower can also be incorporated into an air conditioning or ventilation management system or system for the entire house.
[0022]
The two-way blower can be operated with commercial power supplied to the house, but if natural energy such as solar cells or wind power is used and the generated power is stored in a storage battery, the operating cost can be reduced. It can be greatly reduced. Normally, the bidirectional blower is not always operated at a high output, and thus can be operated sufficiently even with electric power obtained from such natural energy.
In addition, regardless of the operating condition of the air conditioner, when the blowing direction between the divided sections is constant, a normal one-way blower may be provided instead of a bidirectional blower.
(Ventilation valve)
It is installed on the wall that separates the space under the house from the space outside the house. The communication between the underfloor space and the external space and the cutoff are selectively switched.
[0023]
Basically, the same structure as the open / close valve in a ventilation device or an air conditioner in a normal house can be adopted.
The ventilation valve is used to release the air in the underfloor space when the hot and cold air supplied to the underfloor space increases and the pressure in the underfloor space increases or the inflow resistance of hot and cold air increases. . In addition, it is also possible to supply hot / cold air from the underfloor space to the indoor space to introduce outside air into the underfloor space when the air in the underfloor space decreases or the pressure decreases. The air introduced into the underfloor space can be used for ventilation of the indoor space.
[0024]
The opening and closing of the ventilation valve may release the hot and cold heat accumulated in the underfloor space. Therefore, it is desirable that the opening operation of the ventilation valve be kept to a minimum and necessary in order to solve the above-mentioned problem. When air circulation is not required, it is desirable to shut off the ventilation valve to prevent the release of hot and cold heat.
[Air conditioning method]
A stage in which hot and cold air is supplied from the hot and cold heat supply device to the underfloor space to store hot and cold heat in the heat storage material in the underfloor space, and a flow of air from the underfloor space to the indoor space through the hot and cold air supply path, and the heat storage material in the underfloor space Supplying the air temperature-controlled by the hot / cold heat stored in the indoor space to the indoor space.
[0025]
The operation of the hot / cold heat supply device differs depending on the operating condition of the hot / cold heat supply device and the temperature condition of the indoor space.
For example, in a hot / cold heat supply device operated with nighttime or midnight power, hot / cold air can be supplied to the underfloor space from the hot / cold heat supply device at night to store hot / cold heat in the heat storage material in the underfloor space. In a hot / cold heat supply device that operates by solar radiation, warm air can be supplied to the underfloor space from the hot / cold heat supply device during solar radiation to store heat in a heat storage material in the underfloor space.
The hot / cold heat stored in the heat storage material is supplied from the underfloor space to the indoor space as hot / cold air in a necessary amount at a necessary time in accordance with a cooling / heating demand in the indoor space. The hot / cold heat supply device can also supply hot / cold air from the underfloor space to the indoor space while accumulating hot / cold heat in the heat storage material.
[0026]
If a single house is provided with a hot / cold heat supply device that generates cold heat and a hot / cold heat supply device that generates hot heat, it is possible to cool and heat the indoor space. As long as it is a hot / cold heat supply device that can be generated by switching both hot and cold heat, a single hot / cold heat supply device can also be used to cool and heat the indoor space.
Cooling and heating can also be performed by combining the hot and cold heat supply device of the present invention with an ordinary air conditioner for each living room.
[0027]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is a two-story house incorporating an air conditioner.
[Housing structure]
The basic structure of the house 10 includes a cloth foundation structure 18 partially embedded in the ground E, an upper structure 14 built on the cloth foundation structure 18, and a roof structure 12 that covers the upper surface of the upper structure 14.
The cloth foundation structure 18 is a wall that is constructed by casting concrete and that extends horizontally in an inverted T-shaped cross section. The cloth foundation structure 18 is constructed in a frame shape at least along the outer periphery of the house 10.
[0028]
The upper structure 14 is a two-story structure having rooms 15 and 16 above and below, and is constructed of pillars, wall materials, and the like. In the figure, each floor is composed of one living room 15, 16, but each floor can have a plurality of living rooms, corridors, stairs, and the like. The space below the floor 17 of the living room 16 on the first floor and surrounded by the fabric foundation structure 18 is the underfloor space 20.
The roof structure 12 has an attic space 13 between the ceiling and the ceiling of the living room 15 on the second floor. The attic space 13 communicates with the external space of the house 10 at a portion under the eaves.
[Structure of underfloor space]
The bottom surface of the underfloor space 20 is dug deeper than the ground E around the house 10.
[0029]
As the size of the underfloor space 20, for example, the total height is 45 cm, and the total area is 80 m. ^Two Is set to The wall thickness of the cloth foundation structure 18 can be set to 15 cm.
From the bottom of the underfloor space 20 to the inner side of the fabric base structure 18, a heat insulating layer 22 made of a styrene board is formed with a thickness of 5 cm. On the upper surface of the heat insulating layer 22, a 10-cm-thick concrete slab 24 is constructed.
A heat storage material 26 is deposited in the underfloor space 20. As a specific example of the heat storage material 26, an andesite crushed into an irregular shape having an average particle size of 15 cm (specific heat 0.21 kcal / kg ° C., specific gravity 2800 kg / m ^Three , Heat capacity 588 kcal / m ^Three ° C) is used. The accumulation amount of the heat storage material 26 can be set to 2200 kg, and the accumulation thickness can be set to 20 cm.
[0030]
The concrete has a specific heat of 0.20 kcal / kg ° C. and a specific gravity of 2270 kg / m, for example. ^Three , Heat capacity 454 kcal / m ^Three ° C. Therefore, although it is inferior to the heat storage material 26, the clay concrete 24 also has a certain heat storage function.
Although not shown, in the underfloor space 20, a heat storage material 26 and a mass of humidity control material such as diatomaceous earth can be deposited. With the humidity control material, the humidity environment of the underfloor space 20 can be kept constant, and the heat storage function of the heat storage material 26 can be improved. In addition, it controls the humidity of the air supplied to the living rooms 15 and 16.
[Hot and cold heat supply device]
As the heating / cooling heat supply device, three types of devices are provided, and an appropriate device is operated simultaneously or switched as needed.
[0031]
<CO _Two Hot water supply device>
Outside the house 10 _Two A hot water supply device 40 is provided. CO _Two The hot water supply device 40 includes a hot water tank 44 and a CO that heats tap water to produce hot water. _Two A water heater 42 and CO _Two Hot water generated by the water heater 42 is stored in a hot water tank 44. The hot water in the hot water tank 44 can be supplied to the kitchen or bathroom in the house 10 for use.
CO _Two When the water heater 42 is operated, exhaust cooling heat is generated with the generation of hot water. The exhaust heat is released as exhaust air.
[0032]
CO _Two As a specific example of the hot water supply device 40, CO 2 _Two Hot water supply device XVBET302A [Matsushita Electric Works, exhaust heat generation 3kW (summer), exhaust air volume 1100 to 1200m ^Three / H] can be used.
CO _Two The water heater 42 and the underfloor space 20 are connected by an exhaust air supply pipe 46. CO _Two Cooled air from the water heater 42 is supplied to the underfloor space 20. The discharged cool air supplied to the underfloor space 20 cools the heat storage material 26, and cool heat is stored in the heat storage material 26.
CO _Two The hot water supply device 40 is normally operated at night or at night using electric power. CO _Two The supply of the cooled air from the water heater 42 to the underfloor space 20 is also performed at night or at midnight. Since the exhaust air is generated as a by-product of hot water supply, the production of the exhaust air itself does not substantially cost.
[0033]
<Solar heat supply device>
When the solar radiation of the sun S hits the roof structure 12, thermal energy of the solar radiation is supplied to the roof structure 12. The air staying in the attic space 13 via the roof structure 12 is heated.
An attic air supply duct 32 that opens from the attic space 13 to the underfloor space 20 through the living rooms 15 and 16 of the house 10 is provided. Although not shown, a blower fan or an opening / closing damper is provided at the end of or in the middle of the attic air supply duct 32, and can blow air from the attic space 13 to the underfloor space 20 or block ventilation.
[0034]
The air heated in the attic space 13 is supplied to the underfloor space 20 and supplies heat to the heat storage material 26. In the attic space 13, instead of taking out hot air, outside air is taken in from a gap under the eaves.
Since the solar radiation of the sun S is used, it is usually operated in the daytime when the solar radiation is strong. At night when there is no sunlight, the attic air supply duct 32 may be shut off. Since the device generates heat, it is effective to operate it during the daytime when heating is required, such as in winter.
<Air conditioner>
A normal air conditioner 50 used for air conditioning in a house is installed outside the house 10. The air conditioner device 50 can selectively generate either hot or cold heat. A heat exchanger 54 is installed in the underfloor space 20, and is connected to a main body of the air conditioner 50 by a hot / cold heat transfer pipe 56.
[0035]
In the heat exchanger 54, the air in the underfloor space 20 is sucked, heated or cooled, and blown out to the underfloor space 20 again. Hot and cold heat is supplied to the heat storage material 26 by the blown air.
The operation of the air conditioner 50 can be performed at any time and in any situation. However, it is effective to operate the air conditioner 50 at night or late at night in order to reduce power costs.
(Hot and cold air supply path)
A tower-shaped hot / cold air supply duct 34 extending vertically from the underfloor space 20 to the center of the upper structure 14 is provided. The hot / cold air supply duct 34 is provided with a hot / cold air outlet 36 at a location facing each of the living rooms 15 and 16 in the indoor space. Although not shown, a blower fan is incorporated in the hot / cold air supply duct 34, and hot / cold air can be forcibly supplied from the underfloor space 20 to each of the living rooms 15,16. However, warm air may be carried from the underfloor space 20 to the living rooms 15 and 16 by natural upward flow.
[0036]
[Air conditioning method]
CO _Two One or a combination of a plurality of means of the cold exhaust heat from the hot water supply device 40, the heat from the attic space 13, and the hot / cold heat from the air conditioner 50 is used to accumulate hot / cold heat in the heat storage material 26 in the underfloor space 20.
By supplying the hot / cold heat accumulated in the heat storage material 26 to the living rooms 15 and 16 using the hot / cold air supply duct 34, the living rooms 15 and 16 can be cooled or heated.
The following procedure is adopted as a specific procedure for storing and releasing hot and cold heat.
[0037]
<CO _Two Hot water supply device>
As mentioned above, CO _Two The hot water supply device 40 is operated at night or at midnight power. CO _Two Exhaust air generated by the operation of the hot water supply device 40 is accumulated in the heat storage material 26 in the underfloor space 20 at night or at night.
The cool heat accumulated in the heat storage material 26 is supplied to the living rooms 15 and 16 to cool the air mainly in the daytime.
CO _Two The hot water supply device 40 functions effectively for cooling in the daytime in summer. When cooling is not required in winter, CO _Two What is necessary is just to discharge the exhaust air from the hot water supply device 40 to the external environment without supplying it to the underfloor space 20.
[0038]
Further, even in the summer night, a part of the discharged cool air sent to the underfloor space 20 can be sent to the living rooms 15 and 16 as they are for cooling.
<Supply of solar radiation>
Heat is generated in the attic space 13 during solar radiation. It is during the cold season that the rooms 15, 16 need to be heated. Therefore, it is effective to supply warm air from the attic space 13 to the underfloor space 20 during the daytime in winter. Heating is performed by supplying the heat accumulated in the heat storage material 26 in the underfloor space 20 to the living rooms 15 and 16 during the daytime in cold weather such as at night. Even during the daytime, in the case of rain or snow, the heat stored during the solar radiation can be supplied to the living rooms 15 and 16 to be used for heat retention.
[0039]
In summer or the like when heating is not required, it is desirable to shut off the attic air supply duct 32 or stop the blower fan so that the heat of the attic space 13 is not supplied to the underfloor space 20.
<Air conditioner>
CO mentioned above _Two The operation of the hot water supply device 40 and the supply of solar heat do not require the supply of special power or fuel except for the operation of the blower fan. On the other hand, in order to operate the air conditioner device 50, electric power for the operation is required, and cost is required.
[0040]
Therefore, as much as possible CO _Two It is desirable to use the operation of the hot water supply device 40 and the supply of solar heat to produce the required hot / cold heat by these means, or to produce only the insufficient hot / cold heat in the air conditioner device 50.
Specifically, for example, cooling in summer _Two The cooling is performed by the hot water supply device 40, and the air conditioner device 50 is operated only in the extremely hot season to assist the accumulation of the cold heat. Heating in winter is basically achieved by supplying solar heat, and the air conditioner 50 can be operated only when solar radiation is insufficient to assist the accumulation of heat.
[0041]
If the air conditioner 50 is operated at night or at midnight power, the power cost is much lower than that of an air conditioner individually installed in the ordinary living rooms 15 and 16. Therefore, even if the operating ratio of the air conditioner device 50 increases to some extent, the overall air conditioning cost does not increase.
[Split section]
The embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is a case where the underfloor space 20 is divided into a plurality of sections 20a to 20d.
The cloth foundations 18 constituting the underfloor space 20 are arranged in a grid pattern in the vertical and horizontal directions in accordance with the positions of the walls and columns of each living section, which is the upper structure of the house 10. As a result, the underfloor space 20 is composed of a plurality of divided sections 20a having different sizes and shapes. Each of the divided sections 20a is a closed space surrounded by the cloth foundation 18 on four sides. Although not shown, a heat storage material 26 is deposited on each of the divided sections 20a.
[0042]
CO _Two The exhaust air supply pipe 46 of the hot water supply device 40 is connected to one divided section 20d. The hot / cold heat transfer pipe 56 of the air conditioner device 50 is connected to another divided section 20a.
A bidirectional blower fan 62 is installed on a wall surface of the cloth base 18 that separates the divided sections 20a, d to which hot and cold heat is directly supplied from and the divided sections 20b, c to which hot and cold heat is not directly supplied. . The bidirectional blower fan 62 is a blower fan in which the blowing direction is switched between forward and reverse.
Therefore, the hot and cold air supplied to the divided sections 20a and 20d is also supplied to the divided sections b and c by the two-way blower fan 62, and is accumulated in the heat storage material 26 in that portion. Although not shown, the attic air supply duct 32 is also open to any one of the divided sections 20a, and the hot air supplied from the attic air supply duct 32 can be sent to another divided section 20a,. it can.
[0043]
The hot / cold air supply duct 34 to the living rooms 15 and 16 may be connected to the lower divided section 20a for each of the living rooms 15 or one hot / cold air supply connected to any of the divided sections 20a. The duct 34 may branch into the living rooms 15 and 16. If there is a two-way blower fan 62, the hot / cold air can be supplied to the hot / cold air supply duct 34 or any of the rooms 15 and 16 installed at any position.
The operation of the two-way blower fan 62 can be manually switched, but the switching operation can be automatically performed using an appropriate sensor. For example, the two-way blower fan 62 can be operated so that the ventilation is performed in a direction in which thermal balance is maintained in the divided sections 20a on both sides of the two-way blower fan 62. If the temperature of the divided sections 20a on both sides is measured by a temperature sensor and arithmetic processing is performed by a computer or the like, the blowing direction can be determined. The pressure difference information detected by the pressure sensor can also be used for controlling the bidirectional blower fan 62.
[0044]
Further, in order to adjust the supply capacity of hot and cold heat to the living rooms 15 and 16 and to adjust the heat storage capacity of the heat storage material 26, the bidirectional blower fan 62 is shut off, and some of the divided sections 20a. , And the other divided sections 20a.
(Ventilation valve)
A ventilation valve 64 is provided on an outer wall portion of the cloth foundation 18 that separates the underfloor space 20 from the outside of the house 10 to communicate or block the divided sections 20a and 20d from the outside.
CO _Two When hot and cold air is supplied to the underfloor space 20 from the hot water supply device 40, the air conditioner device 50, the attic space 13, and the like, air is continuously accumulated in the underfloor space 20, and the pressure increases. When the pressure in the underfloor space 20 increases, CO _Two The blowing resistance of hot and cold air from the hot water supply device 40 and the like increases.
[0045]
Therefore, if the ventilation valve 64 is opened, it is possible to prevent the inside of the underfloor space 20 from becoming excessively high pressure. There is no waste of energy even if the air after supplying hot / cold heat to the heat storage material 26 is discharged from the ventilation valve 64.
CO _Two If the hot and cold air is continuously supplied from the underfloor space 20 to the living rooms 15 and 16 while the hot water supply device 40 and the like are stopped, the underfloor space 20 becomes too low in pressure and the blowing resistance increases. At this time, if the ventilation valve 64 is opened, it is possible to prevent the underfloor space 20 from being excessively low in pressure. The outside air taken in from the ventilation valve 64 can be supplied to the rooms 15 and 16 after the temperature of the outside air is adjusted in the underfloor space 20, so that the rooms 15 and 16 can be controlled and ventilated.
[0046]
The operation of the ventilation valve 64 may be performed manually, or may be automatically controlled based on information from a pressure sensor installed in the underfloor space 20. It is also effective to control the ventilation valve 64 with a computer or the like so that the ventilation valve 64 can be opened and closed at an appropriate time and an appropriate amount in accordance with the operation state of the bidirectional blower fan 62 and the entire hot and cold heat supply device described above.
[CO _Two Modified structure of hot water supply device)
<Information hood with slit>
The embodiment shown in FIG. _Two The supply structure of the exhaust air from the hot water supply device 40 to the underfloor space 20 is different from that of the above-described embodiment.
[0047]
CO _Two CO of hot water supply device 40 _Two The water heater 42 has a planar blowout portion 43 from which the exhaust air is discharged. A guide hood 70 is provided around the outside of the blowout portion 43. The guide hood 70 guides the exhausted cool air discharged from the blow-out section 43, _Two It passes through a lower part of the water heater 42 and communicates with an exhaust air supply pipe 46 opening into the underfloor space 20. The exhaust air is smoothly supplied to the underfloor space 20.
The guide hood 70 is provided with slits 72 at narrow intervals. A part of the exhaust air is discharged from the slit 72 to the outside.
An on-off valve 47 is provided in the exhaust air supply pipe 46 so that the exhaust air supply pipe 46 can be closed or opened.
[0048]
Although not shown in FIG. 3, in this embodiment, the CO _Two CO is supplied to the hot water supply device 40. _Two A hot water tank 44 connected to the water heater 42 via a hot water pipe is provided.
In the above embodiment, CO 2 _Two It is possible to secure a sufficient amount of discharged cool air without increasing the discharge resistance of the discharged cool air from the water heater 42.
For example, in a case where the air outlet 43 and the underfloor space 20 are connected by a duct having a closed structure, if the air from the underfloor space 20 is not sufficiently discharged, the blowing resistance increases, and the air from the blowout part 43 has a sufficient resistance. In some cases, it may not be possible to discharge a large amount of exhaust air. Therefore, CO _Two There is a concern that the hot water production capacity of the water heater 42 may be reduced or an excessive load may be applied to the device.
[0049]
However, when the slit 72 is provided in the guide hood 70, if the blowing resistance on the side of the exhaust air supply pipe 46 increases, the amount of the discharged cool air that is released from the slit 72 to the outside world increases. _Two It is difficult for an excessive load to be applied to the blowout of the exhaust air from the water heater 42.
Further, when it is not necessary to supply the exhaust air to the underfloor space 20, the on-off valve 47 of the exhaust air supply pipe 46 can be closed. At this time, CO _Two All the exhaust air from the water heater 42 is discharged from the slit 72 of the guide hood 70 to the outside.
[0050]
<Guidance hood with switching damper>
The embodiment shown in FIG. 4 also includes the same guide hood 70 as the above embodiment.
However, the guide hood 70 is not provided with the slit 72. A lower portion of the guide hood 70 is provided with a plate-shaped switching damper 74, which is pivotally operated at one end and is pivotally operated, at a communication portion with the exhaust air supply pipe 46.
The switching damper 74 is switched between a state shown in FIG. 4A and a state shown in FIG. 4B.
[0051]
In the state of FIG. 4A, the switching damper 74 forms a part of the outer wall of the guide hood 70. The guide hood 70 and the exhaust air supply pipe 46 communicate with each other. The discharged cool air discharged from the blowing section 43 is sent into the underfloor space 20 via the discharged air supply pipe 46.
In the state of FIG. 4B, the switching damper 74 is at a position where the communication between the guide hood 70 and the exhaust air supply pipe 46 is cut off. After the switching damper 74 constituting the outer wall of the guide hood 70 has been moved, a part of the guide hood 70 has an opening communicating with the outside world. All the exhausted cool air discharged from the blow-out part 43 is discharged to the outside world.
[0052]
Therefore, CO _Two The cool air discharged from the outlet 43 of the water heater 42 can be selectively sent to the underfloor space 20 or discharged to the outside. Only when cold heat is required in the underfloor space 20, the exhaust air can be taken in. And CO _Two No excessive load is applied to the water heater 42, _Two The operation of the water heater 42 is always performed appropriately.
In the above embodiment, the operation of the switching damper 74 may be performed by a manual switching operation, but can be automatically controlled using a sensor. For example, a temperature sensor for detecting the outside air temperature is provided. When the outside air temperature is high, such as in summer, it is necessary to supply cold heat to the underfloor space 20. Therefore, based on the detection information from the temperature sensor, the switching damper 74 is operated to the state shown in FIG. , CO _Two The exhaust air from the water heater 42 is sent from the exhaust air supply pipe 46 to the underfloor space 20. Since the supply of cold heat to the underfloor space 20 is not required during a period when the outside air temperature is low such as in winter, the switching damper 74 is operated to the state shown in FIG. _Two The exhaust air from the water heater 42 is discharged to the outside world.
[0053]
【The invention's effect】
In the air conditioner and the air conditioning method according to the present invention, the heat storage material in the form of agglomerates is deposited in the underfloor space surrounded by the heat insulating layer, and the hot and cold heat of the hot and cold air supplied by the hot and cold heat supply device is stored in the heat storage material. And cooling and heating by supplying the hot / cold air having received the hot / cold heat of the heat storage material from the hot / cold air supply path to the indoor space.
At a time or time when hot and cold heat can be obtained at low cost, heat and cold is accumulated in the heat storage material in a sufficiently large underfloor space. Sufficient heat storage capacity required for air conditioning and heating.
[0054]
The heat storage material deposited in the underfloor space may normally be left as it is, and it is not particularly necessary to perform maintenance or replacement, so that the labor and cost for management can be greatly reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall structural diagram of a home air conditioner representing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a horizontal sectional view of an underfloor space.
FIG. 3 CO _Two Another embodiment of the hot water supply device
FIG. 4 CO _Two Another embodiment of the hot water supply device
[Explanation of symbols]
10 houses
12 roof
13 Attic space
14 Superstructure
15, 16 living room
17 floor
18 Cloth foundation
20 Underfloor space
22 Thermal insulation layer
24 Soil concrete
32 Attic air supply duct
34 Hot / cold air supply duct
36 heat storage material
40 CO _Two Hot water supply device
46 Exhaust air supply pipe
50 Heat pump device
54 heat exchanger
70 Information Hood

Claims (11)

An air conditioner for heating or cooling the indoor space of a house,
An underfloor space provided below the indoor space of the house;
A heat insulation layer constructed around the underfloor space,
A granular heat storage material deposited in the underfloor space,
A hot and cold heat supply device for supplying hot or cold air to the underfloor space,
An air conditioner for a house, comprising: a hot / cold air supply path that connects the underfloor space with the indoor space and that supplies hot or cold air from the underfloor space to the indoor space. The hot and cold heat supply device,
A CO ₂ hot water supply device that supplies hot water to the house,
The air conditioner for a house according to claim 1, further comprising: an exhaust air supply path that guides exhaust cool air discharged from the CO ₂ hot water supply device to the underfloor space. The hot and cold heat supply device,
An attic space in which outside air is introduced, provided between the indoor space and the roof of the house,
The air conditioner for a house according to claim 1, further comprising: an attic air supply path that connects the attic space and the underfloor space and that sends air in the attic space to the underfloor space. The air conditioner for a house according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a granular humidity control material is deposited together with the heat storage material in the underfloor space. The heat storage material is selected from the group consisting of andesite crushed stone, concrete block, brick,
The house air conditioner according to claim 4, wherein the humidity control material is crushed diatomaceous earth. The underfloor space of the house,
A plurality of divided sections each separated by a wall,
The air conditioner for a house according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising: a bidirectional blower provided on a wall surface partitioning the divided section and selectively performing bidirectional ventilation in an adjacent divided section. The air conditioning system for a house according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a ventilation valve for selectively switching communication between the underfloor space and the outside space and blocking the space between the underfloor space and the outside space of the house. apparatus. A method for air-conditioning a house with the air-conditioning apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
A step (a) of supplying hot / cold air to the underfloor space from the hot / cold heat supply device and storing hot / cold heat in a heat storage material in the underfloor space,
Flowing air from the underfloor space to the indoor space by the hot / cold air supply path, and supplying air controlled by hot / cold heat stored in a heat storage material in the underfloor space to the indoor space (b). Residential air conditioning method. Wherein step (a), supplies the discharge cold air into the underfloor space from CO ₂ hot water supply device according to claim 2, the air conditioning method of housing of claim 8 for storing cold energy in the heat storage material of the underfloor space. The step (a) uses the hot / cold heat supply device according to claim 3, and sends the air in the attic space warmed by the solar radiation to the underfloor space via the attic air supply path during the winter sunshine. An air conditioning method for a house according to claim 8. The residential air conditioning method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, further comprising a step (d) of ventilating the two-way blower according to claim 6 in a direction in which thermal division is maintained in divided sections on both sides thereof.

Images