JP2795895B2 - House - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention minimizes the flow of external heat inside a house,
A house that efficiently heats, supplies heated or cooled fresh air to the living space, and evenly ventilates the entire house by exhausting air outside the cabin, underfloor space, etc. It is related to.

[Conventional technology]

In a conventional house, a heat insulating material is provided on a wall or the like and the airtightness is improved to improve the livability.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, in such a house, moisture generated from the main pillars, studs, and the like, and moisture generated from the occupants and the heater in the living space are condensed in the back space of the hut or the inside of the wall, thereby impairing the durability of the house. There was a disadvantage. In addition, there is a disadvantage that the body is adversely affected by direct heating and cooling.

[Means for solving the problem]

In order to eliminate such drawbacks, the present invention prevents heat from entering and exiting the inside and outside of the house by forming an air-tight insulating layer on the outer wall and the roof, and also heats one or both of the space behind the cabin and the space under the floor. By installing a heat exchanger and taking in and exhausting air inside and outside the house through a heat exchanger, ventilation is performed without impairing thermal efficiency, and fresh, cold, or warm air taken in from outside is used as a heat exchanger. Partially directly and largely indirectly to the living space through the building, the space behind the hut and the underfloor space are communicated with the ventilation space, and the air in these spaces is released to the outside to prevent the occurrence of condensation In addition, the present invention proposes a house with improved durability and a faster cooling and heating effect than before.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the house according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the house.
Reference numeral 1 denotes a house, which is a wall structure with external heat insulation, a roof 2, a back space 9, a back ventilator 10, a heat insulation outer wall 14, an underfloor space 25, a floor cooling / heating machine 26, a temperature, a heat source 29 for refrigerant, and a living room. Space 30, insulation base 35, heat exchanger 37, fan 38, pipe 39, sensor 40,
It is a detached house composed of a controller 41 and the like. More specifically, a closed air circulation path 33 is formed in the vicinity of the outermost shell of the house 1 by closing the understory ventilation port 12 and the underfloor ventilation port 34. Here, the roof 2 will be further described. As shown in FIG. 2, the roof 2 is made of a roofing material 3, a waterproof sheet 4, a base plate 5, an airtight sheet 6 provided as required, and a heat insulating material 7 made of a plastic foam having a closed cell foam structure.
And a rafter 8 to provide waterproofing, heat insulation, soundproofing, and dew condensation prevention. The airtight sheet 6 may be partially used only for sealing the joint of the heat insulating material 7. In addition, on both sides of the roof space 9 of the roof 2, a hut ventilation section 10 is provided,
12 and ventilator 11 as needed. The nose cover 13 of the roof 2 forms a heat insulating layer so that dew condensation does not occur in the eaves. As shown in FIG. 3, the heat insulating outer wall 14 is made of an outer wall material 15,
It is composed of a heat insulating material layer 19, a wall ventilation path 20, an interior material 21, a stud, and a main pillar 22. More specifically, the outer wall material 15 is made of one of a panel in which the surface material 16, the heat insulating material core material 17, and the back material 18 are integrally formed, or one of a ceramic panel, a metal panel, a tile, an ALC, and the like. A heat insulating metal having a polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, phenol foam, polyisocyanurate foam, or melamine foam as a core material, for example, as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) to (n) and 5 (a) to (t) Use siding. The insulation layer 19 is a stud,
It is laid without gaps on the outer wall surface of the main pillar 22, and plastic foam is used. The structure is one of a single plate, a sandwich structure plate, and a plate with ribs, and the shape is formed, for example, as shown in FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (d). In other words, (a) and (b) have no surface material, (c) is a single side,
(D) is a diagram in which the face material 23 is adhered to both sides. Moreover, the heat insulating material layer 19 is taped to the joint as shown in FIG.
It is preferable to form them without any gaps through 24 or caulking (not shown). The wall ventilation passage 20 is a gap formed between the inner surface 19a of the heat insulating material layer 19 and the outer surface 21a of the interior material 21 and has a thickness corresponding to the thickness of the main pillar 22, and communicates from the underfloor space 25 to the back space 9 of the cabin. I do. Soil cooler / heater 26 has pipes 27 arranged under the floor so that water, chlorofluorocarbon gas, air, hot water, etc. can be circulated, and this pipe 27 is built in concrete layer 28, and the entrance and exit of pipe 27 Is connected to a heat source 29 for temperature and refrigerant provided inside or outside the room. The heat source 29 for hot refrigerant is composed of at least one of a boiler, electricity, oil, solar, gas, geothermal, air conditioner, and air conditioner. Reference numeral 31 denotes a heat insulating board for insulating the ground 32 from the ground. Reference numeral 33 denotes an air circulation path, which is formed from the back hut space 9, the wall ventilation path 20, the underfloor space 25, and the living space 30, and is constituted. It is more preferable that the underfloor ventilation port 34 can be opened and closed according to summer and winter, and has a check valve 34a. The heat insulating foundation 35 is provided on the outer surface of the foundation as shown in FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b).
As shown in the figure, a heat insulating material 36 is interposed. The heat exchanger 37 can exchange fresh air and contaminated air while exchanging the air in the cabin back space 9, the underfloor space 25, the living space 30, and the air circulation path 33 with the outside air, and supply fresh air to the living space 30. In addition to this, it has a function of circulating the air without causing dew condensation in the portion where the respective air circulates, and is installed in at least one of the space 9 behind the cabin and the space 25 under the floor. As one specific example, a heat exchanger 37 as shown in FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b) is provided, for example, in parallel with the building, one or a plurality thereof, independently or in conjunction with each other. More specifically, the heat exchanger 37 is heat-exchanged into a duct 37d for sucking exhaust air inside the house, a duct 37b for exhausting outside the house, a duct 37a for sucking fresh air, and the cabin back space 9 or the underfloor space 25. Fresh air is exhausted from the duct 37c. In addition,
In the figure, the above system is omitted, and if necessary, a pipe and a fan are installed to increase the efficiency. Also heat exchanger
A fan 38 and a pipe 39 for sucking and exhausting the air in the underfloor space 25 and the living space 30 are connected to the 37 as shown in the diagram, so that heat exchange and air exchange can be performed more efficiently. The sensor 40 is installed at least at the position shown in FIG. 1 , checks the temperature and humidity in the house 1 , and controls them according to the set values by the controller 41. Reference numeral 42 denotes a simple heat exchanger installed in, for example, a kitchen.

Next, the flow of air in winter and summer in a house according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. First, in FIG. 1, the arrow (indicated by a solid line) assumes the case of winter. Now, temperature, heat source for refrigerant
It is assumed that a boiler is used as 29, the antifreeze liquid (about 40 ° C.) is circulating in the soil cooling / heating machine 26, and the attic ventilation port 12 and the underfloor ventilation port 34 are closed. Air is exhausted and sucked in the directions of α and β through the heat exchanger 37, and the fan 38
Operates to increase the heat exchange efficiency, the pipe 39a supplies fresh air in a downward direction and is radially discharged into the underfloor space 25, and the controller 41 detects the temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration of each space by a sensor 40. Fan 38
, The air is set to circulate in the air circulation path 33, and the air flows from the underfloor space 25 to the inner wall 21 of the living space 30,
It is assumed that the air is supplied to the cabin back space 9 through an intake port 30b provided in the ceiling plate 30a and an exhaust port 30c with a fan if necessary.
Therefore, the warm air in the underfloor space 25 exchanges contaminated air and fresh air from the central wall ventilation path 20a, the intake port 30b, the living space 30, and the exhaust port 30c via the heat exchanger 37. On this occasion,
In the wall ventilation passages 20 on both sides of the house 1 , air having a lower temperature than other parts descends as indicated by the arrow in the space 9 behind the hut, and is mixed with warm air in the underfloor space 25. Therefore, there is almost no temperature difference between the living space 30 of the house 1 and the floor and the ceiling, and the living space 30 becomes soft due to the indirect heating from the wall ventilation path 20.

In addition, in the summer, the attic ventilation section 10 operates, the underfloor ventilation port 34 is in an open state, and the heat exchanger 37 is operated exclusively for exhaust, so that air flows under the underfloor ventilation port 34 and the air circulation path 3.
3. It is discharged to the outside air through the hut back ventilation unit 10 and the heat exchanger 37, and the living space 30 is lowered by about 3 to 5 ° C from the outside air.
Become comfortable. Further, water is supplied to the heat source 29 for the temperature and the refrigerant,
Supply water 5-10 ° C lower than the outside air to the soil cooling / heating machine 26,
The underfloor is cooled to a low temperature, and air is exhausted from the attic ventilation section 10 to make the living space 30 a comfortable temperature. Of course, if necessary, the heat exchanger 37 may also be operated (driving the fan). Note that these various devices are driven by an instruction from the controller 41.

What has been described above is only one embodiment of the house according to the present invention, and as shown in FIG.
27 can be connected via a heat insulating covering 29a as shown in the figure. Furthermore, a dew receiver can be provided at the outlet of the heat exchanger 37, or an air conditioner can be directly connected to the inlet.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the house of the present invention, it is possible to cover the weak points of a passive air cycle house, and to secure a clean living space and a comfortable living space by ventilation. Further, it has a feature that heat storage can be added as energy, energy saving can be achieved, human health is good, and generation of ticks, molds and the like can be prevented. In addition, it has the feature that it can form a living space that is cool in summer and warm in winter. Another advantage is that by detecting the temperature and humidity by a sensor installed in the house and controlling the operation of the fan by the controller, the space in all the rooms in the house can be set to a substantially uniform temperature.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of a house according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1, and FIG.
FIG. 4 (a) to (n), a sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG.
5 (a) to 5 (t) are explanatory views showing an example of an outer wall material, FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (d) are perspective views showing an example of a heat insulating material layer, and FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b) 8) is an explanatory view showing a heat insulating foundation, FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b) are cross-sectional views showing another embodiment of the heat exchanger, and FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing a configuration of a foundation and a heat source. 1 … house, 5… field board, 9… back hut space, 10…
Ventilation area in the attic, 19 …… Insulation layer, 20 …… Wall vent, 26…
… Soil cooler / heater, 37… Heat exchanger.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) F24F 11/02 102 F24F 5/00 F24F 3/00 E04B 1/74 P

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A house having at least a back space, a living space, and an underfloor space, wherein an airtight heat insulating layer is formed on an outer wall and a roof, and a wall ventilation path is formed between the inner wall and the airtight heat insulating layer. The back space, the living space and the underfloor space are communicated with each other, and a heat exchanger is provided in the above-the-hut back space or the underfloor space, and one of the heat exchangers is a living space through a fan,
Connect to the exhaust port of the back space, connect the other to the outside air intake port, discharge the heat exchanged outside air into the underfloor space via a pipe, and open and close the open back vent, or open and close the outside air In the summer, air is taken in and exhausted from the underfloor ventilation port and the exhaust port of the heat exchanger in the summer, and a slab cooling / heating machine with a built-in pipe in the concrete layer is formed in the slab, and furthermore, by a sensor installed in the house. A house which detects temperature and humidity, controls operation of a fan by a controller, and heats and cools the living space substantially uniformly.