JP4049380B2 - Building ventilation system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention is a ventilation system for buildings, in particular, a ventilation space is formed inside the wall, and this ventilation space is communicated with a ceiling back space, an underfloor space, etc., and an air flow passage is formed around the living space, The present invention relates to a one-pass building ventilation system in which outside air is acquired by a mechanical ventilation method by circulating air in the air flow passage.

  In buildings such as houses, it is generally known that the wall portion has a heat insulating structure in order to enhance indoor air conditioning. In general, this heat insulating structure is provided with a heat insulating material between an inner wall and an outer wall so as not to be affected by outdoor heat and to prevent indoor heat from escaping to the outside. Also, in buildings with a structure that improves indoor airtightness as well as heat insulation, air flow passages are provided in the building so that fresh outside air circulates indoors, and air that is exhausted from the inside when outside air is introduced. Some have adopted a system in which the outside air is warmed and introduced into a building through a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the air.

  Among these air circulation buildings, those that are trying to improve the thermal environment, open one end of the outside air introduction duct outside the building, introduce outside air into the underfloor space through the heat collecting stem and heat exchanger, It supplies to each room from the opening part provided in the opening part of a floor surface, or the ventilation path in a wall. In some cases, the air supplied to the room is recirculated through the room and then discharged to the outside from the exhaust port through a duct.

  However, in such an air circulation building, if the ducts and heat collection systems of each room are included, the equipment cost becomes enormous, and if the white ant control agent etc. are sprayed under the floor, it will not only be harmful, but also building materials There is a risk that resident of so-called sick house syndrome, in which volatile chemical substances such as formaldehyde contained in the house flow into the room and cause symptoms such as headache, dizziness and nausea may appear. As a solution to such problems, a building ventilation system as shown in FIG. 3 is known.

  In this building ventilation system, the air in each room 54 and the air flow passages 63, 64, 65, and the attic space 52 a of the attic 52 are obtained by sucking up air in the forced exhaust device 53 installed in the attic 52 of the building 51. And a series of air flows.

  Specifically, the building 51 is a highly airtight building in which the outer wall 55 and the partition wall 56 are constructed by a panel method, and a heat insulating material 59 is provided inside the roof 57, the floor 58, and the outer wall 55. The air introduced into the indoor space 54a in each chamber 54 from the outside air introduction exhaust port 60 provided in a part of each chamber 54 is an opening 62 provided on the surface of the finished floor board 61 of each chamber 54. The air is collected in the attic space 52a of the attic 52 through the outer wall aeration path 64 and the partition wall aeration path 65 through the floor aeration path 63, and discharged to the outside through the forced discharge device 53 installed in the attic 52. ing. Thus, ventilation in each room and wall is always suitable, and it is possible to prevent the base from being damaged by condensation and the generation of mold and mites in the room.

Further, a circulation pipe (not shown) is provided in the double floor 66, and hot water or cold water is circulated through the circulation pipe depending on the season, and the warm air or cold air dissipated from the circulation pipe is supplied to the outer wall ventilation path 64 and the partition wall. Each room 54 is heated and cooled with warm air or cold air that is dissipated from each wall when passing through the air passage 65. Thereby, each room | chamber interior in a building can be kept at a uniform temperature.
JP 2002-88939 A

  Such a conventional building ventilation system is a one-pass system that generates an air flow by sucking air with a forced exhaust device 53 installed in the attic 52, so that harmful substances released from building materials and the like are contained in the chamber 54. Although it is possible to provide suitable room ventilation in terms of not intruding, a circulation pipe is provided in the double floor 66, and heat is exchanged by this circulation pipe to cool and heat each room 54. Therefore, in addition to the construction costs and equipment costs associated with this circulation pipe and equipment associated with this circulation pipe, the system management must be changed according to the season, There was a problem that the maintenance cost was high.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve this problem in view of such a conventional problem. The entire building is suitably cooled and heated, indoor ventilation can be favorably performed, and the environment space can be maintained comfortably. The purpose is to provide a ventilation system for buildings.

In order to achieve such an object, the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is such that a heat insulating material is interposed outside the living section, and outside air is introduced through an outside air inlet provided in the room of the building. In the building ventilation system in which the outside air is circulated and the inside of the building is ventilated, an attic space is formed between the living room and the roof of the building, and an inner ventilation path is provided between the building and the heat insulating material. In addition, an exhaust port is formed in the upper portion of the living room space, and outside air that has passed through each living room is collected in the attic space through the exhaust port, and the air collected in the attic space is collected by an exhaust fan. The air supply duct is sent to an underfloor space comprising a closed foundation and a heat bridge made of a metal that is connected to the foundation and buried in the ground to transmit geothermal heat or mixed with metal , and this underfloor space With heat exchange It was followed, employing the configuration in which the inner and ventilation channel is raised along to release outdoors.

  In this way, an inner air passage is formed between the building and the heat insulating material, and an exhaust port is formed in the upper portion of the living room, and air in the living room is collected by the exhaust fan through this exhaust port and sent to the air. After being sent to the under-floor space by a duct and exchanging heat in this under-floor space, it was raised along the inner ventilation path and released to the outside, so a series of air flow was generated in the building by sucking up the air from the exhaust fan It is possible to construct a one-pass type ventilation system that can be allowed to ventilate inside the building so that harmful substances released from building materials etc. do not enter the room. Generation of mold and mites can be prevented. Furthermore, it is possible to provide a ventilation system for a building that is low-cost, efficient, and uniform air-conditioning and that can maintain an environmental space comfortably.

  Preferably, if the exhaust fan is disposed in the attic space as in the invention described in claim 2, the warm air accumulated in the upper part of the living room is effectively sucked up by the exhaust fan via the exhaust port. And ventilation in the building can be suitably performed.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, an air intake fan is provided in the attic space, connected to the air intake fan, one end opened to the outside of the building, and the other end connected to the air supply duct. Since an intake duct is installed and heat exchange is performed with the temperature-controlled outside air introduced by this intake duct, the heat storage effect is improved at a low cost without providing a new heat collecting surface, etc. You can help.

  Preferably, as in the invention described in claim 4, if the air intake duct is formed in a bellows shape with a material having high thermal conductivity and does not emit harmful substances, heat exchange can be efficiently performed in a small space. Made.

  If an air conditioner is provided in the building as in the invention described in claim 5, it is possible to effectively assist the heat exchange type temperature control system including dehumidification in the building.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the outer wall and the roof are continuously formed along the outer peripheral side of the building, one end on the lower side is opened to the outdoors, and one end on the upper side is on the rooftop. The outside air passage that is opened to the outside through the outside air passage is formed, so that the outside air that has entered from the lower side of the outside air passage rises along the outside air passage and is discharged from the rooftop. A flow is generated, the ventilation of the outer wall support portion is improved, the outer wall is prevented from slipping and the like is improved, and the outer ventilation path serves as a cushion to exhibit a suitable heat insulating effect.

In the invention according to claim 7, the thermal bridge is buried 2 m away from the groundwater level.

In the invention according to claim 8, an upper exhaust chamber is provided in a ridge above the attic space, and the upper exhaust chamber sucks in air that has passed through the underfloor space, An exhaust fan is provided to discharge the air.

In the building ventilation system of the present invention, a heat insulating material is provided outside the living section, outside air is introduced through an outside air introduction port provided in the room of the building, and the inside of the building is ventilated by circulating the outside air. In the building ventilation system, an attic space is formed between the living room and the roof of the building, an inner air passage is formed between the building and the heat insulating material, and an exhaust is formed above the living room space. A mouth is formed and outside air that has passed through each room is collected in the attic space through this exhaust port, and the air collected in this attic space is collected by an exhaust fan provided in the attic space in an air supply duct. , Sent to an underfloor space comprising a closed foundation and a heat bridge made of metal or a metal-mixed concrete that is connected to the foundation and buried in the ground to transfer geothermal heat , and heat was exchanged in the underfloor space rear Since it was raised along the inner ventilation path and released to the outside, a one-pass ventilation system that can generate a series of air flows in the building by sucking up air from the exhaust fan can be configured, Ventilation in the building where harmful substances released from building materials and the like do not enter the room is suitably performed, and it is possible to prevent the base from decaying due to condensation and the generation of mold and mites in the room. In addition, it is possible to provide a building ventilation system that is low-cost, efficient, and uniform air-conditioning and that can maintain an environmental space comfortably.

In the ventilation system of a building, where a heat insulating material is interposed outside the living section, outside air is introduced through an outside air inlet provided in the room of the building, and the inside of the building is ventilated by circulating the outside air, the room An attic space is formed between the building and the roof of the building, an inner air passage is formed between the building and the heat insulating material, and an exhaust port is formed in the upper portion of the living room space, passing through each living room. The collected outside air is collected in the attic space through this exhaust port, and the air collected in this attic space is collected by an exhaust fan, and is connected to the closed foundation and the foundation and buried in the ground by an air supply duct. To the underfloor space provided with a metal to which geothermal heat is transferred or a concrete bridge mixed with metal, and after exchanging heat in this underfloor space, it is raised along the inner air passage and released to the outside. It was.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a building ventilation system according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an attic space of the building of FIG.

  The building 1 includes a concrete foundation 2, a thermal bridge 3 connected to the foundation 2, and a building body 4 provided on these. The foundation 2 is formed in a closed state without providing a ventilation port or the like, and the airtightness of the underfloor space 5 is ensured. Moreover, the heat insulating material 15 mentioned later is extended in the outer side of the foundation 2, and the heat insulation in the underfloor space 5 is obtained suitably.

  In the building body 4, a plurality of living rooms 10 are formed that are partitioned by a partition wall 6, an inner wall 7, a floor 8, a ceiling 9, and the like. Further, an attic space 12 is formed between each of the living rooms 10 and the roof 11, and an upper exhaust chamber 13 is provided in the ridge portion above the space. A heat insulating material 15 having a predetermined shape is interposed inside the floor 8, the roof 11, and the outer wall 14 to constitute a highly airtight building 1. The heat insulating material 15 is composed of a heat insulating board made of foamed plastic such as expanded polystyrene (EPS). In addition to the heat insulating material 15, a heat insulating material made of glass wool or the like may be filled. Further, a heat insulating material containing an anti-anticide is used as the heat insulating material for the foundation, and skirt heat insulating may be applied around the foundation to prevent heat from the ground from flowing under the floor.

  An outer ventilation path 16 and an inner ventilation path 17 are formed inside the wall constituting the building body 4. The outer ventilation path 16 is formed continuously along the outer peripheral side of the building body 4 on the inner side of the outer wall 14 and the roof 11, and one end on the lower side is opened to the outdoors, and one end on the upper side passes through the rooftop. Open to the outdoors. The upper side may be opened not only on the roof but also on the eaves. Therefore, as indicated by the black arrows in the figure, the outside air that has entered from the lower side of the outer ventilation path 16 rises along the outer ventilation path 16 and is discharged from the rooftop or the rooftop and eaves. Such an air flow is constantly generated in the outer air passage 16, and the outer wall support portion is well ventilated to prevent the outer wall from slipping and the like, and the durability is improved. It plays a role and exhibits a suitable heat insulating effect.

  On the other hand, the inner air passage 17 includes an inner wall air passage 18, a floor air passage 19 and an attic air passage 20. The inner wall ventilation path 18 is formed continuously between the heat insulating material 15 and the inner wall 7 along the inner peripheral side of the building body 4, and one end on the lower side is opened to the underfloor space 5, and one end on the upper side is The upper exhaust chamber 13 is opened via the attic air passage 20. The upper exhaust chamber 13 is provided with an exhaust fan 21 for sucking air that has passed through the underfloor space 5 and releasing the air outdoors. In the present embodiment, the roof insulation is exemplified. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a heat insulating material may be interposed in the ceiling, and the attic space may be used as the upper exhaust chamber as the ceiling insulation.

  Here, notches 22a and 26a are respectively formed in the transverse direction in each beam 22 and the base 26 except for the top floor. As a result, the air that has risen up the inner air passage 17 on the first floor flows to the inner air passage 17 on the second floor via the floor air passage 19, and the floor 8 on the second floor has a structure that is not sealed. The sound of noise is reduced. In addition, it is advantageous in terms of strength because it is integrated with plywood on the dropped joists. Note that a vertical cutout 23 a is formed in the beam 23 on the uppermost floor, and the air that has passed through the inner wall ventilation path 18 on the second floor flows into the attic ventilation path 20 and is released by the exhaust fan 21 in the upper exhaust chamber 13. .

  In the present embodiment, the inner air passage 17 is exemplified by the inner wall air passage 18, the floor air passage 19, and the attic air passage 20, but the partition wall air passage ( (Not shown) may be provided, and the air rising from the underfloor space 5 through the partition wall ventilation path may be caused to flow to the attic ventilation path 20. Thereby, the temperature of each living room 10 can be maintained more uniformly.

  An outside air inlet 24 is formed in each room 10. The outside air introduced from the outside air introduction port 24 passes through each living room 10 through the wall opening 25 formed in each living room 10, and finally passes through the exhaust opening 28 formed in the ceiling 9 on the second floor. And collected in the attic space 12. Here, the wall opening 25 refers to an undercut or louver of a door, a sliding door, or the like, and the exhaust port 28 is not limited to the living room 10 and may be a corridor or a staircase (not shown). Further, it is effective that the exhaust port 28 is disposed at a position facing the outside air introduction port 24. In addition, the outside air inlet 24 is provided in the approximate center of the inner wall 7 in the living room 10 in the embodiment, but may be provided close to the ceiling 9 or the floor 8. Moreover, you may provide in multiple places instead of only one place, The opening area etc. are suitably determined according to desired ventilation flow volume.

  As shown in FIG. 2, an exhaust fan 29 is provided in the attic space 12, and by sucking air by the exhaust fan 29, a series of air flows is generated in each living room 10 and the attic space 12, Ventilation in the building body 4 is suitably performed, and it is possible to prevent the base from being damaged by condensation and the occurrence of mold and mites in the living room 10. Thus, the warm air accumulated in the upper part of the living room 10 is effectively sucked up by the exhaust fan 29 via the exhaust port 28 and sent to the underfloor space 5 via the air supply duct 30. Here, the exhaust fan 29 is provided in the attic space 12 and the structure in which the air in each living room 10 is collected in the attic space 12 is illustrated. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the warm air accumulated in the upper part of each living room 10 For example, an exhaust fan 29 may be provided at the top of each living room 10 and sent to the underfloor space 5 via the air supply duct 30. In addition to this, it is also possible to generate an air flow only by suction of the exhaust fan 21.

  Further, an intake fan 31 is provided in the attic space 12. An intake duct 32 connected to the intake fan 31, having one end opened under the eaves on the south side of the building body 4 and the other end connected to the air supply duct 30 is disposed. The intake duct 32 may be disposed not only under the eaves but also in the ridge. The intake duct 32 is made of a material such as an aluminum alloy that has high heat exchange and does not emit harmful substances, and is formed in a bellows shape. This constitutes a heat exchange type temperature control system that uses solar heating in the winter and radiation cooling in the summer. Therefore, since the outside air is heat-exchanged by the intake duct 32 and is sent to the underfloor space 5, it is possible to increase the heat storage effect at a low cost without providing a new heat collecting surface or the like, and to assist geothermal exchange described later. it can. The intake fan 31 may be operated in the daytime in winter and in the nighttime in summer by using a timer and a temperature sensor (not shown).

A thermal bridge 3 is buried in the ground of the underfloor space 5. As the thermal bridge 3, consideration of thermal conductivity, metals and these metals, such as aluminum alloy or copper is made of concrete which is mixed. Further, a heat exchange surface is formed on a part of the foundation 2 (horizontal portion in the figure) connected to the thermal bridge 3. Furthermore, in order to increase the efficiency of this heat exchange surface, it is preferable to arrange cracked stone, charcoal, ceramic charcoal, etc. on the surface of the foundation 2. In the case of a solid foundation, the heat exchange surface is the same as that of the foundation 2 as described above. However, in the case of a cloth foundation, a heat exchange surface can be provided separately. Conventionally, there is a method of burying concrete or aluminum pipes in the ground and using geothermal heat by flowing air into the pipes, but there is a problem that water, dust, germs, etc. accumulate in the pipes. Absent. Here, since heat may be taken away by the groundwater, the thermal bridge 3 is preferably buried at least 2 m away from the groundwater level . For example, when the groundwater level is 5 m, the thermal bridge 3 is preferably set within 3 m. By adopting the foundation 2 and the thermal bridge 3, the heat, that is, the heat accumulated in the foundation 2 and the geothermal heat can be led to the underfloor space 5. Then, the air collected in the attic space 12 is sent to the underfloor space 5 to exchange heat, and this air is exchanged with the inner air passage 17, that is, the inner wall air passage 18 as indicated by the white arrows in FIG. The air is sent to the floor air passage 19 and the like, and after cooling and heating each room 10 by radiation and heat conduction, the air is finally discharged from the upper exhaust chamber 13 through the attic air passage 20 to the outside. Therefore, the inside of the building body 4 is preferably ventilated, and the base can be rotted due to dew condensation and the generation of mold and mites in the living room 10 can be prevented. In addition, efficient and uniform cooling and heating are performed, and compared to conventional heat storage systems, construction costs and equipment costs are not increased, and system management is not changed according to the seasons. In addition, an effective heat storage system can be obtained, and a building ventilation system that can maintain an environmental space comfortably can be provided.

  Thus, in the absence of the air conditioner 33, the temperature in the inner ventilation path 17 is lower during the daytime in summer and the temperature in the inner ventilation path 17 is higher during the night in winter compared to the temperature in each room 10. Therefore, radiant cooling and heating are performed through the inner wall 7, and the actual sensible temperature is easier to spend than the temperature in the living room 10. If necessary, the air conditioner 33 installed in the attic space 12 is used as auxiliary air conditioning in summer, and is operated with low-cost nighttime electric power to store heat in the underfloor space 5. Further, when the humidity of the underfloor space 5 is increased, the air conditioner 33 can be used for dehumidification. The air conditioner 33 is not limited to the attic space 12 and may be installed on the first floor, or may be installed on the attic space 12 and the first floor, or in other places.

Next, the geothermal exchange will be specifically described in detail.
1. During summer daytime, cooling is performed from the inner air passage 17 using the cold energy of the foundation 2 and the thermal bridge 3. In this case, the temperature of the surface of the foundation 2 rises. If there is a risk of condensation there, the air conditioner 33 is used as necessary.
2. During summer nights, the outside air is often cooler than in the living room 10, so the outside air is actively taken to cool the surface of the foundation 2. As this assistance, a heat exchange type temperature control system using an intake duct 32 under the eaves is effective. In the case of a tropical night, it is preferable to operate the air conditioner 33 as appropriate.
3. During the daytime in winter, solar radiation is inserted into each living room 10 and the temperature rises, but the heat is put on the airflow and stored on the surface of the foundation 2. At this time, a heat exchange type temperature control system using the intake duct 32 under the eaves is effective as this assistance.
4). During winter nights, heat is insulated and the temperature is maintained using the heat stored in the foundation 2. It is preferable to use heating by the air conditioner 33 as needed.

  The heat exchange in the underfloor space 5 composed of the foundation 2 and the thermal bridge 3 uses basic concrete having a large amount of heat storage, so that the temperature change is slower than that in the room 10, and the temperature change in the room 10 is almost the same. A shift of 5-8 hours is expected. Utilizing this characteristic, the temperature is adjusted by exchanging heat according to the temperature of the air in the inner air passage 17, that is, applying heat to each living room 10 or taking it away. In addition to the amount of heat stored in the foundation 2 itself, the heat exchange according to the present embodiment causes a temperature difference of about 5 months due to a huge heat source called the earth, thereby maintaining a stable temperature. Can do. In order to further stabilize, as the first type ventilation, heat exchange between the intake air and the exhaust air into each room 10 may be performed, and the temperature of the inflowing air may be brought close to the temperature in the room 10.

  In the present embodiment, as indicated by the black arrows in FIG. 1, the flow of outside air is one-way, and the air in each room 10 is sent to the underfloor space 5 without being circulated. Not only does the released harmful substances and radon from the ground not circulate, but the temperature difference between the living room 10 and the underfloor space 5 is not increased more than necessary. This is effective for preventing dew condensation in the summer on the floor 8 on the first floor, and in the winter, the solar heat guided during the daytime can be stored in the underfloor space 5 to prepare for cold at night.

  The embodiment of the present invention has been described above, but the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment, and is merely an example, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Of course, the scope of the present invention is indicated by the description of the scope of claims, and further, the equivalent meanings described in the scope of claims and all modifications within the scope of the scope of the present invention are included. Including.

  The building ventilation system according to the present invention can be applied to a building having a highly airtight and highly heat insulating structure.

It is sectional drawing which shows one Embodiment of the ventilation system of the building which concerns on this invention. It is a top view which shows an attic space same as the above. It is sectional drawing which shows the ventilation system of the conventional building.

Explanation of symbols

1 ... Building 2 ... Basic 3 ... Thermal Bridge 4 ... Building Body 5 ...・ Underfloor space 6 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Partition wall 7 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Inner wall 8 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Floor 9 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Ceiling 10 ・ ・ ・······················································································································································· Insulating material 16 .... Outside air passage 17 .... Inside air passage 18 .... Inside wall air passage 19 .... Floor air passage 20 .... ... Attic air passages 21, 29 ... Exhaust fans 22, 23 ... Beams 22a, 26a ... Notches 23a ... Notches 24 ... Open air inlet 25 ........ Wall opening 26.・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Base 28 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Exhaust port 31 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Air intake fan 30 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Air supply duct 32 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Air intake duct 33 ・ ・Air conditioner 51 ... Building 52 ... Attic 52a ... Attic space 53 ... Forced discharge device 54 ... .. Room 54a ... Indoor space 55 ... Outer wall 56 ... Partition wall 57 ... Roof 58 ... Floor 59 ········ Insulation material 60 ········································································································ ································ 65

Claims (8)

In the ventilation system of a building, where a heat insulating material is interposed outside the living section, outside air is introduced through an outside air inlet provided in the room of the building, and the inside of the building is ventilated by circulating the outside air, the room An attic space is formed between the building and the roof of the building, an inner air passage is formed between the building and the heat insulating material, and an exhaust port is formed in the upper portion of the living room space, passing through each living room. The collected outside air is collected in the attic space through this exhaust port, and the air collected in this attic space is collected by an exhaust fan, and is connected to the closed foundation and the foundation and buried in the ground by an air supply duct. To the underfloor space provided with a metal to which geothermal heat is transferred or a concrete bridge mixed with metal, and after exchanging heat in this underfloor space, it is raised along the inner air passage and released to the outside. That Ventilation system of the building to be a butterfly.   The building ventilation system according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust fan is disposed in an attic space.   An air intake fan is provided in the attic space, connected to the air intake fan, one end opened to the outside of the building, and the other end is connected to the air supply duct. The building ventilation system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein heat is exchanged with the introduced outside air.   4. The building ventilation system according to claim 3, wherein the air intake duct is formed in a bellows shape with a material that has high heat exchange and does not emit harmful substances.   The building ventilation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an air conditioner is disposed in the building.   An outer ventilation passage formed continuously along the outer peripheral side of the building on the outer wall and the inside of the roof, with one end on the lower side opened to the outdoors and one end on the upper side opened to the outdoors via the roof The building ventilation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: The building ventilation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the thermal bridge is embedded at a distance of 2 m from a groundwater level .   An upper exhaust chamber is provided in the ridge above the attic space, and this upper exhaust chamber is provided with an exhaust fan for sucking air that has passed through the underfloor space and releasing it to the outdoors. The building ventilation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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