JPH0874342A - Detached house - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To improve the energy-saving effect while reducing the cost, clean the air available for being supplied to living rooms and effectively utilize the spaces in the living rooms and under the floor for a highly airtight, high heat- insulating detached house built with its living spaces surrounded by heat- insulating panels. CONSTITUTION: A sensible heat exchanger 39 for taking-in of solar heat and a complete heat exchanger 50 for an air-conditioning machine are provided to the inside of a roof truss of a highly airtight, high heat-insulating detached house. Clean air is diffused directly to the living room 1 through an aggregate chamber 47, and the air in a space 4 under the floor is returned to the complete heat exchanger 50 through a return duct 56.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an air conditioner for a detached house with high airtightness and high heat insulation, and particularly to effectively utilize solar heat to achieve energy saving and to circulate and supply clean air conditioning air to all living rooms. In addition, the present invention relates to a new detached house in which the air duct required for air conditioning can be omitted and a significant cost reduction can be achieved.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, not only high-rise buildings and high-rise condominiums but also single-family homes have been developed into healthy and comfortable human-friendly homes, which have reached the stage of practical application. By the way, as a necessary condition for such a healthy house ,. Cooling and heating management must be performed so that the entire living space in the house is always maintained at an appropriate temperature. To prevent the growth of mold and mites and to prevent dew condensation, allow sufficient air circulation in and out of the living space to keep the humidity in the living space almost constant. Ventilate the living space sufficiently and always fill the living space with clean air. It is required to block noise from the inside to the outside and noise from the outside to keep the living space from the noise at all times.

[0003]

However, if the conventional method is used to build a detached house in order to meet such requirements, not only extremely expensive air conditioning equipment and other equipment are required, but also the structure of the house itself. Is required to be changed significantly, and moreover, a large amount of energy is consumed, fixed cost and running cost are greatly increased, and it becomes extremely expensive, which is difficult to realize.

Therefore, recently, in order to satisfy the above requirement at a relatively low cost, a highly airtight and highly adiabatic technique has been attracting attention. Although this method has the advantage that the space inside the living room, underfloor and attic, which corresponds to the interior of a house, can be divided into highly airtight and highly heat-insulating areas to significantly reduce heat loss, and that it has excellent sound insulation, it is still satisfactory. Things have not been developed.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and relates to the improvement of a highly airtight and highly insulated house, in which the effective use of solar heat is aimed at further energy saving and the air duct through which the conditioned air flows is greatly expanded. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a detached house in which the structure has been reduced to simplify the structure, and clean air can always be supplied to the living room.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a feature of the invention of claim 1 is that a housing space consisting of an underfloor space, a living room and an attic is enclosed in a heat-insulating panel in a sealed manner. In a highly airtight and highly heat-insulated detached house consisting of, a solar heat collector installed on the roof and a sensible heat exchanger that is arranged in the back of the house and takes in the solar heat collected by the heat collector into the residential space And the total heat exchanger provided in the back of the hut and the air from the sensible heat exchanger and the air from the total heat exchanger that are arranged in the housing space and are mixed, and the mixed air does not pass through the duct. And a return air duct for communicating the suction side of the total heat exchanger with the underfloor space and guiding the air in the underfloor space to the total heat exchanger. .

The invention of claim 2 is characterized in that, in the invention of claim 1, an outside air introducing chamber surrounded by a heat insulating panel is hermetically surrounded by the attic, and the outside air introducing chamber is formed. In addition, a ridge duct for receiving the outside air warmed by the heat collector and guiding it to the sensible heat exchanger is provided.

A further feature of the invention of claim 3 is that in the invention of claim 1, the underfloor space is surrounded by a heat storage body made of a concrete foundation.

[0009]

According to the invention as set forth in claim 1, the sensible heat exchanger provided in the back of the hut efficiently takes in the solar heat collected by the heat collecting device into the housing space, resulting in a highly airtight and highly heat-insulating house. It is possible to further increase the number of ducts, and to allow the mixed air in the collecting chamber to be discharged directly to the living room without passing through ducts, which can reduce the number of ducts and achieve a significant cost reduction. By circulating the internal air to the total heat exchanger, cleaner air can be supplied to the living room. Furthermore, by providing both the sensible heat exchanger and the total heat exchanger in the back of the hut, it becomes possible to further effectively use the living room and the underfloor space.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned function, the outside air introducing chamber is hermetically surrounded by the heat insulating panel, so that the outside air introducing chamber is insulated from the living room in an adiabatic manner, and the inside of the living room is closed. Higher airtightness and high heat insulation can be maintained.

Further, according to the invention of claim 3, in addition to the operation of the invention of claim 1, by surrounding the underfloor space with a heat storage body, a temperature drop in the underfloor space is prevented and the underfloor space is kept warm. The effect can be enhanced.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a two-story stand-alone house will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a detached house of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 1, showing the flow of air.

In FIG. 1, a wooden two-story stand-alone house H having a highly airtight and highly heat-insulating structure has a first-floor room 1, a second-floor room 2, an attic 3 and an underfloor space 4 such as urethane panels, which will be described in detail later. The heat insulating layer collectively defines a highly airtight and heat insulating state.

The foundation 5 of the detached house H is constructed by casting concrete, and is provided with a floor slab 6 and a rising foundation 7 which is integrally erected from the floor slab 6 so as to surround the outer periphery thereof. An underfloor heat insulating panel 8 is integrally laminated on the lower surface of the floor slab 6 by a joining means such as bonding.
Further, a heat insulating sheet 9 such as a polyethylene sheet is integrally laminated on the lower surface of the underfloor heat insulating panel 8 by a joining means such as adhesion, and the outer peripheral portion of the heat insulating sheet 9 extends along the outer surface of the rising foundation 7. It is then joined together. The foundation 5 and the ground GL are effectively insulated by the heat insulating panel 8 and the heat insulating sheet 9. The foundation 5 made of concrete functions as a heat storage body and stores cold heat or warm heat. The lower half of this foundation 5 is the ground G
It is buried under L.

The heat insulating sheet 9 is sandwiched on the rising foundation 7.
The base 10 is superposed and fixed, and a plurality of bases 10 are mounted on the base 10.
Joists 11 are bridged and joined, and floors are placed on these joists 11.
A plate 19 is laid. And between the foundation 5 and the floorboard 19
The underfloor space 4 having high airtightness and high heat insulation is defined. Also
On the base 10, a plurality of pillars 12 are arranged at intervals in the width direction.
Is erected. Reinforcement on the outer surface of the front and rear and left and right columns 12
Under a plurality of sheets made of urethane resin or the like sandwiching the plywood 13
And upper room insulation panel 14₁, 14₂Is the screen
It is externally united with tubing etc.
Room heat insulation panel 14₁, 14₂Outer surface of butt joint ends of comrades
A waterproof tape 15 is attached to the
Sealed. And front and rear, left and right living room insulation panels 14
₁, 14 ₂Is the area around the 1st floor living room 1 and the 2nd floor living room 2
Surround it tightly and insulatively.

The left and right roof heat insulating panels 16 ₁ , 16 made of the same material as the heat insulating panel 14 _{2 for} the living room are made of the same material.
The lower edges of the _two are integrally joined, and a waterproof tape 17 is adhered to the outer surfaces of these joints to seal the outer surfaces of the joints in a watertight manner. The left and right heat insulating panels 16 ₁ and 16 ₂ are formed in a roof shape along the lower surface of the roof, and their upper edges are integrally joined. If necessary, a waterproof tape is attached to the joint. The underfloor heat insulating panel 8, the living room heat insulating panels 14 ₁ and 14 ₂ and the roof heat insulating panels 16 ₁ and 16 ₂ are the underfloor space 4, the first floor living room 1 and the second floor living room 2 and the attic space 3 It is surrounded by high heat-tightness and high heat insulation by the external heat insulation method.

Front and rear, left and right heat insulation panels 14 ₁ , 1
4 The _second outer surface, the outer wall (siding) 21 across the Tatedoen 20 ... a plurality of each are joined together. The ventilation layer 22 for the living room portion having a width equal to the width of the vertical furring strip 20.
Is formed between the outer wall 21 and the heat insulating panels 14 ₁ and 14 ₂ for the room, and the ventilation layer 22 for the room is communicated with the outside air through the outside air introduction port 23 opened at the lower end thereof. In the upper part of the attic space 3, an outside air introduction chamber 25 is partitioned by a partitioning heat panel 24 which is integrally joined to the middle part of the roof heat insulating panels 16 ₁ and 16 ₂ across the space. Outside air heated by solar heat is introduced into the introduction chamber 25 as described later.

The roof heat insulating panel 16₁, 16₂above
Is provided with a plurality of rafters 26 at appropriate intervals.
The rafters 26 ... A field plate 27 is laid on the rafters,
Further, a plurality of sheets are provided on the upper surface of the base plate 27 through waterproof paper.
Roof tile 28 is laid. Thus, the roof panel
Le 16₁, 16₂2 and the rafter 2 between the base plate 27 and
The roof ventilation layer 30 corresponding to the width of 6 ...
The lower part of the roof part ventilation layer 30 is the living room part ventilation layer.
It is connected to 22. The roof ventilation layer facing the north side
If necessary, connect other roof parts in the ridge 31 of the roof.
The air layer and the partition, and its inlet and outlet communicate with the outside air.
You can also use the roof insulation panel 16 ₁, 16₂
The roof structure above the upper roof ventilation layer 30 is conventionally known.
Anything is fine.

Thus, the roof heat insulating panels 16 ₁ , 16
_The upper roof, especially the roof facing the south side, is formed into a heat collecting structure and is composed of a glassless heat collecting surface 33 and a heat collecting glass surface 34, which collectively constitute a solar heat collecting device 35. ing. The heat collecting surface 33 without glass is formed by forming the bottom plate 27 and the like by a heat collecting plate, and the heat collecting glass surface is formed by placing tempered glass on a metal plate without providing a special heat collecting device. Therefore, the cost is reduced. As the heat collecting structure of the roof, a conventionally known structure can be adopted. An outside air intake port 36 is opened in the roof heat insulating panel 16 ₁ just below the heat collecting glass surface 34, and this intake port 36 is connected to a gutter ridge duct 37 arranged in the outside air introduction chamber 25.

A sensible heat exchanger 39 is arranged in the back of the shed 3, and at the inlet side of the sensible heat exchanger 39, the first intake duct 40 communicating with the outlet of the ridge duct 37 and the shed. A second inlet duct 41, which communicates directly with the back 3, is connected to the first intake duct 40. The first intake duct 40 has a damper 42 whose opening and closing is controlled by a temperature sensor, and a first driving duct which is drive-controlled by receiving a signal from the sensor. 1 fan 43 is provided, and the temperature of the first intake duct 40 is a predetermined temperature (about 25
° C) or more, the damper 42 opens and the first fan 43 rotates to introduce warmed air, and when the temperature falls below a predetermined temperature, the damper 42 closes and the first fan 43
The rotation of is stopped. A second fan 44 is also provided in the second intake duct 42, and the second fan 44 is rotationally driven in synchronization with the first fan 43. An atmosphere open duct 45 and an air supply duct 46 are connected to the outlet side of the sensible heat exchanger 39, an end of the atmosphere open duct 45 is opened to the atmosphere, and the air supply duct 46 is connected to the second-floor room 2. It is connected to the entrance of a collective air chamber 47 provided at the boundary of the floor room 1.

An air conditioner 49 is provided on the back 3 of the hut. The air conditioner 49 includes a total heat exchanger 50 arranged in the attic 3, and an intake duct 51 and an exhaust duct 5 for the total heat exchanger 50.
The air conditioner 49 is provided with the outdoor unit 53 connected via the air conditioner 2. The air conditioner 49 has cooling, heating and humidity controlling functions as usual, and conventionally known ones can be used. First and second air supply ducts 54, 55 are connected to the air supply side of the total heat exchanger 50, and the first air supply duct 54
Is bifurcated and opened to the second-floor room 2, and the second air supply duct 55 is connected to the inlet of the collective air chamber 47. Further, a reflux duct 56 is connected to the suction side of the total heat exchanger 50, and an end portion of the reflux duct 56 is opened to the underfloor space 4. The plurality of outlets of the collective air chamber 47 communicate with the first-floor room 1 through dampers 57 and 58, respectively.

A plurality of vent holes 60 ... Are opened in the ceiling 59 of the second-floor room 2, and the air in the second-floor room 2 flows through the attic 3 through these vents 60. Also, there are a plurality of ventilation holes 6 on the floorboard 19 of the living room 1 on the first floor.
1 are opened, and the air in the first-floor room 1 is allowed to flow into the underfloor space 4 through these vents 61.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.

In the winter, fresh outside air entering from the outside air inlet 23 flows through the ventilation layer 22 of the living room and is warmed by the solar energy that spills onto the roof surface, while slowly rising up the ventilation layer 22 naturally and slowly. It reaches the partial ventilation layer 30, where it is further heated and flows to the ridge duct 37. When the temperature of the air inside the ridge duct 37 reaches a predetermined temperature (about 25 ° C.), a temperature sensor (not shown) operates to open the damper 42 and rotationally drive the first fan 43 to rotate the ridge duct. The warmed outside air in 37 enters the sensible heat exchanger 39. On the other hand, the cold indoor air in the attic 3 enters the sensible heat exchanger 39 by the drive of the second fan 44. In the sensible heat exchanger 39, heat is exchanged between warm outside air and cold indoor air, and the indoor air warmed by this flows through the air supply duct 46 into the collective air chamber 47, while heat exchange is performed. The outside air that has been subjected to the
Is released into the atmosphere. As described above, solar heat can be taken into the house.

When it is not necessary to take in the solar heat in the summer, etc., the taken-in outside air is not introduced into the sensible heat exchanger 39, but is released into the atmosphere as it is,
At that time, the air in the house space is guided and discharged by the flow of the outside air. The solar heat taken in may be guided to a water heater or the like.

On the other hand, the air conditioned by the air conditioner 49 consisting of the outdoor unit 53 and the total heat exchanger 50 is radiated to the second-floor room 2 through the first air supply duct 54 and also through the second air supply duct 55 to the collective air chamber. Enter 47. In the collective air chamber 47, the warmed air from the sensible heat exchanger 39 and the adjusted air from the total heat exchanger 50 are mixed, and the mixed adjusted air is sent to the first-floor room 1 via the dampers 57 and 58. Is dissipated. The air that has air-conditioned the first-floor living room 1 flows directly to the underfloor space 4 through the vent holes 61 ... Without passing through a duct, and heat can be stored in the concrete foundation 5.

The air that has flowed into the underfloor space 4 and is a little soiled,
It enters the total heat exchanger 50 through the reflux duct 56, is cleaned here, is adjusted to an appropriate temperature, and is again discharged to the living room.

As described above, since the solar heat can be effectively taken into the house space formed by the heat insulation panel in a highly airtight and highly heat-insulated state, the energy-saving effect of the highly airtight and highly heat-insulated house can be further enhanced. Since the conditioned air from the heat exchanger 50 is directly diffused into the first-floor room 1 via the collective air chamber 47, it is possible to reduce the number of air ducts and to reduce the cost accordingly. Furthermore, the air that has been slightly polluted in the underfloor space 4 is not discharged directly to the living room,
The air flowing through the living room can be made even cleaner. Further, both the sensible heat exchanger 39 and the total heat exchanger 50 can be arranged in the attic 3, and the above-floor space, that is, the first floor living room 1, the second floor living room 2 and the underfloor space 4 can be effectively used.

Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment and various embodiments are possible within the scope of the present invention. For example, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the external heat insulation method is adopted, but instead of this, an internal heat insulation method may be adopted. In the above embodiment, the present invention is applied to a two-story house. It can also be applied to three-story or three-story houses. Further, as the sensible heat exchanger, the air conditioner composed of the outdoor unit and the total heat exchanger, the roof structure, and the outer wall structure, conventionally known ones can be adopted.

[0031]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, in a highly airtight and highly heat-insulated detached house, a solar heat collector installed on the roof and the solar heat collector are arranged in the attic and the heat collector is installed. The sensible heat exchanger that takes in the solar heat collected by the device into the housing space, the total heat exchanger provided in the attic, and the air and total heat from the sensible heat exchanger that is arranged in the housing space A collective air chamber that mixes air from the exchanger and discharges the mixed air into the living room without passing through a duct, communicates the suction side of the total heat exchanger and the underfloor space, and the air in the underfloor space Since it has a return duct that guides the heat to the total heat exchanger, the solar heat can be effectively taken into the housing space without using a particularly expensive device, and the energy-saving effect of a highly airtight and highly insulated house can be further enhanced. , Also, adjust air directly from the collective air chamber As a result, air supply ducts can be reduced, resulting in a significant cost reduction, and the air flowing into the underfloor space is not emitted to the living room, resulting in cleaner air. Can be supplied to the living room. Furthermore, by disposing both the sensible heat exchanger and the total heat exchanger in the back of the hut, it is possible to effectively utilize the living room above the floor and the underfloor space.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the structure of the first aspect, an outside air introducing chamber is formed in the back of the hut in an airtight manner and is surrounded by a heat insulating panel, and the outside air introducing chamber is provided with the outside air introducing chamber. Since a ridge duct for receiving the outside air heated by the heat device and guiding it to the sensible heat exchanger is provided, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 1, it is highly airtight throughout the four seasons, and airtight in a highly insulated house. And heat insulation can be further enhanced.

Further, according to the invention of claim 3, in the structure of claim 1, the underfloor space is surrounded by a heat storage body made of a concrete foundation.
In addition to the effect of the invention described above, it is possible to improve the heat retention of the underfloor space and further improve the thermal efficiency of heating.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a detached house of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 1, showing the flow of air.

[Explanation of symbols]

1-Room (1st-floor room) 2--Room (2nd-floor room) 3--Underground space 4--Under-floor space 5--Concrete foundation 8 ... ... Insulation panel (underfloor insulation panel) 14 ₁ ... Insulation panel (living room insulation panel) 14 ₂ ... Insulation panel (living room insulation panel) 16 ₁ ... Insulation panel (roof insulation panel) 16 ₂ ... Insulation panel (roof insulation panel) 25 ... Outside air introduction chamber 35 ... Heat collector 37 ... Building duct 39 ... Sensible heat exchanger 47 ... Air chamber 50 ... Total heat exchanger 56 ... Reflux duct

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A thermal insulation panel (8, 1) is provided for a residential space consisting of an underfloor space (4), living rooms (1, 2) and an attic (3).
In a highly airtight and highly heat-insulated detached house, which is enclosed by 41 ₁ , 14 ₂ , 16 ₁ , 16 ₂ ) in a sealed manner, the solar heat collector (35) installed on the roof and the attic (3) A sensible heat exchanger (39) arranged to take in the solar heat collected by the heat collecting device (35) into the residential space, and a total heat exchanger (50) provided in the attic (3). The air from the sensible heat exchanger (39) and the air from the total heat exchanger (50) are arranged in the house space to mix, and the mixed air does not pass through the duct to the living room (1, 2). A collective air chamber (47) that discharges into the inside, and the total heat exchanger (5
0) is connected to the suction side of the underfloor space (4), and a reflux duct (56) for guiding the air in the underfloor space (4) to the total heat exchanger (50) is provided. Detached houses. 2. An insulating panel (16) on the attic (3).
₁ , 16 ₂ , 24) forms an outside air introduction chamber (25) which is enclosed in a sealed manner, and receives the outside air warmed by the heat collecting device (35) into the outside air introduction chamber (25),
The ridge duct (3) for guiding to the sensible heat exchanger (39)
7) The detached house according to claim 1, wherein the detached house is provided. 3. The detached house according to claim 1, wherein the underfloor space (4) is surrounded by a heat storage body made of a concrete foundation (5).