CN218976645U - Double-layer photovoltaic roof for building ventilation and heating - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a double-layer photovoltaic roof for ventilation and heating of a building, which comprises an upper layer panel and a lower layer panel which are arranged on the roof, wherein a solar panel is arranged on the upper layer panel, and a lower air duct is formed between the upper layer panel and the lower layer panel; the ridge end of the upper panel extends vertically upwards to form a first extension part, the ridge end of the lower panel extends vertically upwards to form a second extension part, and the first extension part and the second extension part enclose an upper air duct communicated with the lower air duct; the eave end of the lower panel is provided with a lower vent communicated with the lower air duct and the indoor space, and the lower vent is provided with a lower air valve; the utility model fully utilizes the principle of natural convection and can realize indoor ventilation, heat preservation, heating and heat dissipation of a solar cell when sunlight is sufficient.

Description

Double-layer photovoltaic roof for building ventilation and heating

technical field

The invention relates to a double-layer photovoltaic roof for building ventilation and heating.

Background technique

Building integrated photovoltaics (building intergated photovoltaics, BIPV) is a technology that combines photovoltaic power generation components with buildings. Among them, in addition to being used for photoelectric conversion, photovoltaic panels also serve as building materials for building facades or roofs. If the heat generated by photovoltaic panels is further utilized, this technology can be called BIPV/T (T stands for Thermo) technology.

In the prior art, the efficiency of solar cells is not high, and a large amount of waste heat is generated while generating electricity. Current BIPVT systems primarily use waste heat to heat air or water for building use. There are also some studies or patents that try to use waste heat to heat air for ventilation, or to insulate roofs. Such as patent CN215858681U.

The prior art has the following problems: first, its ventilation and heat dissipation design can only be used for the ventilation and heat dissipation of the solar cell itself, but cannot be used for indoor ventilation of buildings, and the ventilation and heat dissipation effect is not good; Although an "insulated roof" is formed, the waste heat generated by solar cells cannot be further used to provide hot air inside the building, and the temperature of the cells may be too high, resulting in a decrease in power generation efficiency.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a double-layer photovoltaic roof for building ventilation and heating to address the above deficiencies.

The solution adopted by the utility model to solve the technical problem is that the double-layer photovoltaic roof used for building ventilation and heating includes an upper panel and a lower panel installed on the roof at intervals, and a downwind channel is formed between the upper panel and the lower panel;

The ridge end of the upper panel extends vertically upwards to form a first extension, the ridge end of the lower panel extends vertically upwards to form a second extension, and the first extension and the second extension form an upper air passage that communicates with the lower air passage;

The outward surface of the first extension part is provided with a light-absorbing coating, or a solar panel is provided, the outward surface of the second extension part is polished smooth, and the inner surfaces of the first extension part and the second extension part are coated with a large Coatings with infrared emissivity;

The upper panel is provided with a solar panel, and the surface of the lower panel is coated with a coating with a greater infrared emissivity;

The eave end of the lower panel is provided with a lower air duct connected to the indoor air outlet, and the lower air valve is installed on the lower air duct; After the opening is in place, the lower air duct is disconnected from the upper air duct;

The lower end of the lower air duct is provided with an eaves side vent connected to the outside, and an eaves side air valve is installed at the eaves side vent.

Further, an exhaust fan is installed in the upper air vent to facilitate indoor circulation and air blowing.

Further, temperature sensors and wind speed sensors are installed indoors and outdoors of the house, and a controller is installed indoors, and the exhaust fan, each temperature sensor, each wind speed sensor, and each air valve are electrically connected to the controller.

Further, the lower surface of the upper panel is coated with a coating with a greater infrared emissivity.

Further, the light-absorbing coating is a dark or black paint layer.

Further, the upper panel and the lower panel are connected via a support.

Further, only one of the eave side air valve and the down air valve can be opened.

Further, a baffle plate may or may not be provided above the upper air duct.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the structure is simple, the design is reasonable, the principle of natural convection is fully utilized, and indoor ventilation, heat preservation, heating and heat dissipation of solar cells can be realized when the sunlight is sufficient.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the patent of the present invention is further described.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the state under the ventilation mode in the embodiment of the utility model;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the state in the heat dissipation mode in the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the state in the heating mode in the embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-upper panel; 2-lower panel; 3-first extension; 4-second extension; 5-lower duct; 6-upper duct; 7-lower valve; 8-upper valve; Side air valve; 10-support in the upper air duct; 11-support in the lower air duct; 12-shielding plate; 13-exhauster fan.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the utility model is further described.

As shown in Figure 1-4, the double-layer photovoltaic roof used for building ventilation and heating includes an upper panel 1 and a lower panel 2 installed on the roof at intervals. The upper panel and the lower panel are fixed to form a downflow channel 5 The angle between the upper panel and the lower panel is designed according to actual needs; preferably, the upper panel and the lower panel are parallel, or the upper panel adopts an angle that maximizes the annual power generation of the solar cells.

The ridge end of the upper panel extends vertically upwards to form a first extension 3 , the ridge end of the lower panel extends vertically upwards to form a second extension 4 , and the first extension and the second extension form an upper wind that communicates with the downwind passage. Road 6; the upwardly extending structure of the first extension and the second extension provides sufficient height difference for the air inlet and outlet; the upper panel and the lower panel and the ends on both sides of the first extension and the second extension are closed to seal the air duct side;

The outward surface of the first extension part is provided with a light-absorbing coating, or is provided with a solar panel, and the outward surface of the second extension part is polished and smooth to keep the original color of the metal, so that the infrared radiation emissivity is small. The first Both the extension part and the inner surface of the second extension part are coated with a coating with a large infrared emissivity, which increases the infrared radiation ability and effectively transfers heat to the air;

The upper panel is provided with a solar cell panel, and the surface of the lower panel is smooth and coated with a coating with a large infrared emissivity;

The eaves end of the lower panel is provided with the lower air passage and the indoor lower air vent, and the lower air valve 7 is installed at the lower air vent; After the upper air valve is opened into the air duct, its valve plate will be flipped and supported between the upper panel and the lower panel, so as to block the connection between the lower air duct and the upper air duct at the junction of the lower air duct and the upper air duct;

The lower end of the lower air duct is provided with an eaves side vent communicating with the outside, and an eaves side air valve 9 is installed at the eaves side vent.

In this embodiment, an exhaust fan is installed in the upper ventilation opening to facilitate indoor circulation and blowing, that is, when the weather is colder, the upper and lower ventilation openings are opened, and the eaves side air valve is closed, then a semi-closed ventilation system will be formed at this time. The cavity can keep the roof insulated and reduce heat dissipation from the roof. By starting the exhaust fan, the hot air can be further drawn into the room from the lower air duct. At this time, the cooler air in the room will enter the lower air duct from the lower ventilator, and then be heated by the solar battery backplane. Raise the indoor air temperature, reducing the heating demand in the room to some extent.

In this embodiment, temperature sensors and wind speed sensors are installed indoors and outdoors of the house, and a controller is installed indoors. The exhaust fan, each temperature sensor, each wind speed sensor, and each damper are electrically connected to the controller. The opening and closing of each air valve can be controlled according to the received temperature and wind speed data according to the existing preset value.

In this embodiment, the lower surface of the upper panel is coated with a coating with a greater infrared emissivity.

In this embodiment, the light-absorbing coating is a dark or black paint layer.

In this embodiment, the coating with greater infrared emissivity can be a material layer that enhances infrared radiation, or a blackened layer, which is used to increase the infrared radiation emission and absorption capabilities of the surface.

In this embodiment, the upper panel and the lower panel are connected through support members 10 and 11 respectively, the ends of the upper panel and the lower panel, and the ends of the first extension and the second extension are connected and closed through the outer frame The two sides form air ducts.

In this embodiment, only one of the eave side air valve and the down air valve can be opened.

In this embodiment, a baffle plate 12 may or may not be provided above the upper air duct.

The working principle of this design is based on the "chimney effect"; the air in the downwind and upwind passages will expand after absorbing heat, thereby reducing the density. Because the same volume of hot air has less gravity, the buoyancy will make the hot air float up. The negative pressure generated at the air inlets of the upper and upper air passages can suck external air into the lower and upper air passages.

When the sunlight shines on the solar cell on the upper panel, except for a small part into electricity, most of it is converted into heat; at this time, the temperature of the back plate of the solar cell will be higher than the ambient temperature, and part of the heat will be transferred from the back plate to the solar cell. The air it comes into contact with reduces its density. At this time, if the lower vent is open, and the upper vent and the eave side vent are closed, a negative pressure will be generated in the lower vent, which will cause indoor air to be sucked into the lower duct from the lower vent, and the air will After the cavity is heated and floats up, the indoor air will continuously enter the lower air duct and upper air duct from the room due to the chimney effect, and finally leave from the vent on the top of the air duct, so as to realize the ventilation of the room, as shown in Figure 2; Of course, in order to achieve ventilation, windows need to be opened indoors. For example, since solar cells are usually arranged on the roof in the south, the windows in the north can be opened indoors to form good convection.

If there is no need to use this design to ventilate the room, the upper and lower vents can be closed, and the side air valve on the eaves can be opened, so that the air entering the cavity from the side air valve on the eaves can also generate ventilation and heat dissipation for the solar battery backplane on the upper panel. The effect is to reduce the temperature of the solar cell, as shown in Figure 3, so that the power generation efficiency is higher than that of the solar cell directly installed on the roof.

When the weather is colder, the upper and lower vents can be opened, and the eaves side air valves can be closed, then a semi-closed cavity will be formed at this time, which can keep the roof warm and reduce heat dissipation from the roof. If the upper vent is equipped with an exhaust fan, the hot air can be further drawn into the room from the air duct. At this time, the cooler air in the room will enter the air duct from the lower vent, and then be heated by the solar battery backplane, as shown in Figure 4 The indoor air temperature is gradually increased through this circulation heating method, and the indoor heating demand is reduced to a certain extent.

The ventilation effect of this design is suitable for the situation when there is sufficient sunlight but the outside wind speed is low, and the indoor cannot rely on natural wind for ventilation; or when the natural wind is unstable and the indoor needs a relatively stable ventilation for some reason.

This design can use the waste heat of solar cells to ventilate the interior of the building, and at the same time, it has a certain effect on reducing the temperature of the battery and improving the power generation efficiency; The power generation efficiency; this design can use the waste heat generated by solar cells to circulate and heat the indoor air in cold weather, reducing the energy consumption required for indoor heating. If there is no need for hot air in the room, this design can also play a role in thermal insulation of the roof, thereby reducing the loss of indoor heat.

If this patent discloses or relates to parts or structural parts that are fixedly connected to each other, then, unless otherwise stated, the fixed connection can be understood as: a detachable fixed connection (for example, using bolts or screws), or it can also be understood as: Non-detachable fixed connections (such as riveting, welding), of course, mutual fixed connections can also be replaced by an integral structure (such as one-piece manufacturing using a casting process) (except that it is obviously impossible to use an integral forming process).

In the description of this patent, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", The orientations or positional relationships indicated by "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this patent, rather than indicating or Implications that a referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed, and operate in a particular orientation should therefore not be construed as limiting the patent.

The above preferred embodiments have further described the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the utility model in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model. For new models, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model shall be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (8)

1. The double-layer photovoltaic roof used for building ventilation and heating is characterized in that: it includes an upper panel and a lower panel installed on the roof at intervals, and a downwind channel is formed between the upper panel and the lower panel; The ridge end of the upper panel extends vertically upwards to form a first extension, the ridge end of the lower panel extends vertically upwards to form a second extension, and the first extension and the second extension form an upper air passage that communicates with the lower air passage; The outward surface of the first extension part is provided with a light-absorbing coating, or a solar panel is provided, the outward surface of the second extension part is polished smooth, and the inner surfaces of the first extension part and the second extension part are coated with a large Coatings with infrared emissivity; The upper panel is provided with a solar panel, and the surface of the lower panel is coated with a coating with a greater infrared emissivity; The eaves end of the lower panel is provided with a lower air vent connecting the lower air duct and the room, and a lower air valve is installed at the lower air vent; , after the upper air valve is fully opened, the lower air duct is disconnected from the upper air duct; The lower end of the lower air duct is provided with an eaves side vent connected to the outside, and an eaves side air valve is installed at the eaves side vent. 2. The double-layer photovoltaic roof for building ventilation and heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: an exhaust fan for indoor circulation and blowing is installed in the upper air vent. 3. The double-layer photovoltaic roof for building ventilation and heating according to claim 2, characterized in that: temperature sensors and wind speed sensors are installed indoors and outdoors of the house, and controllers, exhaust fans, and various temperature sensors are installed indoors. The sensors, each wind speed sensor, and each air valve are electrically connected with the controller. 4. The double-layer photovoltaic roof for building ventilation and heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower surface of the upper panel is coated with a coating with a greater infrared emissivity. 5. The double-layer photovoltaic roof for building ventilation and heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: the light-absorbing coating is a dark or black paint layer. 6. The double-layer photovoltaic roof for building ventilation and heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper panel and the lower panel are connected via a support. 7. The double-layer photovoltaic roof for building ventilation and heating according to claim 1, characterized in that only one of the eave side air valve and the down air valve can be opened. 8. The double-layer photovoltaic roof for building ventilation and heating according to claim 1, characterized in that: a shading plate is set or not set above the upper air duct.

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