CN218976645U - Double-layer photovoltaic roof for building ventilation and heating - Google Patents
Double-layer photovoltaic roof for building ventilation and heating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种用于建筑通风和供暖的双层光伏屋顶。The invention relates to a double-layer photovoltaic roof for building ventilation and heating.
背景技术Background technique
光伏建筑一体化(building intergated photovoltaics, BIPV)是一种将光伏发电组件与建筑相结合的技术。其中光伏板除了用来进行光电转换外,也充当建筑的立面或屋顶的建筑材料。如果光伏板产生的热量被进一步利用,则这种技术可称为BIPV/T(T代表Thermo)技术。Building integrated photovoltaics (building intergated photovoltaics, BIPV) is a technology that combines photovoltaic power generation components with buildings. Among them, in addition to being used for photoelectric conversion, photovoltaic panels also serve as building materials for building facades or roofs. If the heat generated by photovoltaic panels is further utilized, this technology can be called BIPV/T (T stands for Thermo) technology.
现有技术中,太阳能电池的效率不高,发电的同时有大量废热产生。目前的BIPVT系统主要是利用废热来加热空气或水,以供建筑使用。也有一些研究或专利尝试利用废热来加热空气用以通风,或用以保温屋面。如专利CN215858681U。In the prior art, the efficiency of solar cells is not high, and a large amount of waste heat is generated while generating electricity. Current BIPVT systems primarily use waste heat to heat air or water for building use. There are also some studies or patents that try to use waste heat to heat air for ventilation, or to insulate roofs. Such as patent CN215858681U.
现有技术存在以下问题:第一,其通风散热设计只能用于太阳能电池片自身的通风散热,而无法用于建筑的室内通风,且通风散热效果并不好;第二,在寒冷季节其虽然形成“保温屋面”,但无法进一步利用太阳能电池产生的废热给建筑室内提供热空气,且电池温度可能过高,导致发电效率下降。The prior art has the following problems: first, its ventilation and heat dissipation design can only be used for the ventilation and heat dissipation of the solar cell itself, but cannot be used for indoor ventilation of buildings, and the ventilation and heat dissipation effect is not good; Although an "insulated roof" is formed, the waste heat generated by solar cells cannot be further used to provide hot air inside the building, and the temperature of the cells may be too high, resulting in a decrease in power generation efficiency.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型的目的是针对以上不足之处,提供了一种用于建筑通风和供暖的双层光伏屋顶。The purpose of this utility model is to provide a double-layer photovoltaic roof for building ventilation and heating to address the above deficiencies.
本实用新型解决技术问题所采用的方案是,用于建筑通风和供暖的双层光伏屋顶,包括上下间隔安装在屋顶的上层面板、下层面板,上层面板、下层面板之间形成下风道;The solution adopted by the utility model to solve the technical problem is that the double-layer photovoltaic roof used for building ventilation and heating includes an upper panel and a lower panel installed on the roof at intervals, and a downwind channel is formed between the upper panel and the lower panel;
所述上层面板的屋脊端垂直向上延伸形成第一延伸部,所述下层面板的屋脊端垂直向上延伸形成第二延伸部,第一延伸部与第二延伸部围成连通下风道的上风道;The ridge end of the upper panel extends vertically upwards to form a first extension, the ridge end of the lower panel extends vertically upwards to form a second extension, and the first extension and the second extension form an upper air passage that communicates with the lower air passage;
所述第一延伸部朝外的表面设有吸光涂层,或设置有太阳能电池板,第二延伸部朝外的表面打磨光滑,第一延伸部及第二延伸部内表面均涂覆有较大红外发射率的涂层;The outward surface of the first extension part is provided with a light-absorbing coating, or a solar panel is provided, the outward surface of the second extension part is polished smooth, and the inner surfaces of the first extension part and the second extension part are coated with a large Coatings with infrared emissivity;
所述上层面板上设置有太阳能电池板,下层面板上表面涂覆有较大红外发射率的涂层;The upper panel is provided with a solar panel, and the surface of the lower panel is coated with a coating with a greater infrared emissivity;
所述下层面板屋檐端设置连通下风道及室内的下通风口,下通风口安装有下风阀;下层面板屋脊端设置连通下风道及室内的上通风口,上通风口安装有上风阀,上风阀打开到位后,下风道与上风道断开;The eave end of the lower panel is provided with a lower air duct connected to the indoor air outlet, and the lower air valve is installed on the lower air duct; After the opening is in place, the lower air duct is disconnected from the upper air duct;
下风道下端开设有与室外连通的屋檐侧通风口,屋檐侧通风口处安装有屋檐侧风阀。The lower end of the lower air duct is provided with an eaves side vent connected to the outside, and an eaves side air valve is installed at the eaves side vent.
进一步的,所述上通风口内安装有以利室内循环鼓风的抽风机。Further, an exhaust fan is installed in the upper air vent to facilitate indoor circulation and air blowing.
进一步的,房屋的室内、室外均安装有温度传感器和风速传感器,室内安装有控制器,抽风机、各个温度传感器、各个风速传感器、各个风阀均与控制器电性连接。Further, temperature sensors and wind speed sensors are installed indoors and outdoors of the house, and a controller is installed indoors, and the exhaust fan, each temperature sensor, each wind speed sensor, and each air valve are electrically connected to the controller.
进一步的,所述上层面板下表面涂覆有较大红外发射率的涂层。Further, the lower surface of the upper panel is coated with a coating with a greater infrared emissivity.
进一步的,所述吸光涂层为深色或黑色涂料层。Further, the light-absorbing coating is a dark or black paint layer.
进一步的,所述上层面板、下层面板之间经支撑件相连接。Further, the upper panel and the lower panel are connected via a support.
进一步的,所述屋檐侧风阀与下风阀中只能择一打开。Further, only one of the eave side air valve and the down air valve can be opened.
进一步的,所述上风道上方设置或不设置遮挡板。Further, a baffle plate may or may not be provided above the upper air duct.
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:结构简单,设计合理,充分利用了自然对流的原理,能够在阳光较充足时实现对室内通风、保温、加热及太阳能电池的散热。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the structure is simple, the design is reasonable, the principle of natural convection is fully utilized, and indoor ventilation, heat preservation, heating and heat dissipation of solar cells can be realized when the sunlight is sufficient.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图对本发明专利进一步说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the patent of the present invention is further described.
图1为本实用新型实施例的构造示意图;Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment;
图2为本实用新型实施例中通风模式下的状态示意图;Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the state under the ventilation mode in the embodiment of the utility model;
图3为本实用新型实施例中散热模式下的状态示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the state in the heat dissipation mode in the embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本实用新型实施例中加热模式下的状态示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the state in the heating mode in the embodiment of the present invention.
图中:1-上层面板;2-下层面板;3-第一延伸部;4-第二延伸部;5-下风道;6-上风道;7-下风阀;8-上风阀;9-屋檐侧风阀;10-上风道内的支撑件;11-下风道内的支撑件;12-遮挡板;13-抽风机。In the figure: 1-upper panel; 2-lower panel; 3-first extension; 4-second extension; 5-lower duct; 6-upper duct; 7-lower valve; 8-upper valve; Side air valve; 10-support in the upper air duct; 11-support in the lower air duct; 12-shielding plate; 13-exhauster fan.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本实用新型进一步说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the utility model is further described.
如图1-4所示,用于建筑通风和供暖的双层光伏屋顶,包括上下间隔安装在屋顶的上层面板1、下层面板2,上层面板与下层面板之间围设固接形成下风道5;上层面板与下层面板之间的夹角根据实际需要进行设计;优选的,上层面板和下层面板平行,或,上层面板采取使太阳能电池年发电量最大的角度。As shown in Figure 1-4, the double-layer photovoltaic roof used for building ventilation and heating includes an upper panel 1 and a
所述上层面板的屋脊端垂直向上延伸形成第一延伸部3,所述下层面板的屋脊端垂直向上延伸形成第二延伸部4,第一延伸部与第二延伸部围成连通下风道的上风道6;第一延伸部与第二延伸部向上延伸的结构给空气出入口提供足够的高度差;上层面板与下层面板及第一延伸部与第二延伸两侧端部均封闭,以封闭风道侧部;The ridge end of the upper panel extends vertically upwards to form a
所述第一延伸部朝外的表面设有吸光涂层,或设置有太阳能电池板,第二延伸部朝外的表面打磨光滑,保持金属原本色泽,使其红外辐射发射率较小,第一延伸部及第二延伸部内表面均涂覆有较大红外发射率的涂层,增大红外辐射能力从而有效地向空气传热;The outward surface of the first extension part is provided with a light-absorbing coating, or is provided with a solar panel, and the outward surface of the second extension part is polished and smooth to keep the original color of the metal, so that the infrared radiation emissivity is small. The first Both the extension part and the inner surface of the second extension part are coated with a coating with a large infrared emissivity, which increases the infrared radiation ability and effectively transfers heat to the air;
所述上层面板上设置有太阳能电池板,下层面板上表面光滑且涂覆有较大红外发射率的涂层;The upper panel is provided with a solar cell panel, and the surface of the lower panel is smooth and coated with a coating with a large infrared emissivity;
所述下层面板屋檐端设置连通下风道及室内的下通风口,下通风口安装有下风阀7;下层面板屋脊端设置连通下风道及室内的上通风口,上通风口安装有上风阀8,上风阀朝风道内打开到位后,其阀片将翻转支撑在上层面板与下层面板之间即于下风道与上风道交接处阻断下风道与上风道的连通;The eaves end of the lower panel is provided with the lower air passage and the indoor lower air vent, and the
下风道下端开设有与室外连通的屋檐侧通风口,屋檐侧通风口处安装有屋檐侧风阀9。The lower end of the lower air duct is provided with an eaves side vent communicating with the outside, and an eaves
在本实施例中,所述上通风口内安装有以利室内循环鼓风的抽风机,即在天气较寒冷时,将上下通风口打开,屋檐侧风阀关闭,则此时将形成一个半封闭的空腔,该空腔可使屋面保温,减少热量从屋面散逸。通过启动抽风机,则可进一步将热空气从下风道抽入室内,此时室内较冷的空气将从下通风口进入下风道,然后被太阳能电池背板加热,通过这种循环加热的方式逐渐升高室内空气温度,一定程度减少室内的加热需求。In this embodiment, an exhaust fan is installed in the upper ventilation opening to facilitate indoor circulation and blowing, that is, when the weather is colder, the upper and lower ventilation openings are opened, and the eaves side air valve is closed, then a semi-closed ventilation system will be formed at this time. The cavity can keep the roof insulated and reduce heat dissipation from the roof. By starting the exhaust fan, the hot air can be further drawn into the room from the lower air duct. At this time, the cooler air in the room will enter the lower air duct from the lower ventilator, and then be heated by the solar battery backplane. Raise the indoor air temperature, reducing the heating demand in the room to some extent.
在本实施例中,房屋的室内、室外均安装有温度传感器和风速传感器,室内安装有控制器,抽风机、各个温度传感器、各个风速传感器、各个风阀均与控制器电性连接,控制器可依据现有预设数值,根据收到的温度和风速数据来控制各风阀的开闭。In this embodiment, temperature sensors and wind speed sensors are installed indoors and outdoors of the house, and a controller is installed indoors. The exhaust fan, each temperature sensor, each wind speed sensor, and each damper are electrically connected to the controller. The opening and closing of each air valve can be controlled according to the received temperature and wind speed data according to the existing preset value.
在本实施例中,所述上层面板下表面涂覆有较大红外发射率的涂层。In this embodiment, the lower surface of the upper panel is coated with a coating with a greater infrared emissivity.
在本实施例中,所述吸光涂层为深色或黑色涂料层。In this embodiment, the light-absorbing coating is a dark or black paint layer.
在本实施例中,所述较大红外发射率的涂层,可为增强红外辐射的材料层,也可为涂黑层,用于增大表面的红外辐射发射和吸收能力。In this embodiment, the coating with greater infrared emissivity can be a material layer that enhances infrared radiation, or a blackened layer, which is used to increase the infrared radiation emission and absorption capabilities of the surface.
在本实施例中,所述上层面板、下层面板之间分别经支撑件10、11相连接,上层面板与下层面板端部,第一延伸部与第二延伸部端部经外框连接并封闭两侧部,形成风道。In this embodiment, the upper panel and the lower panel are connected through
在本实施例中,所述屋檐侧风阀与下风阀中只能择一打开。In this embodiment, only one of the eave side air valve and the down air valve can be opened.
在本实施例中,所述上风道上方设置或不设置遮挡板12。In this embodiment, a
本设计的工作原理基于“烟囱效应”;下风道、上风道中的空气吸热后会膨胀,从而密度降低,由于同等体积的热空气重力较小,因此受到的浮力将使得热空气上浮,在下风道、上风道的空气入口处产生的负压可以将外部空气吸入下风道、上风道。The working principle of this design is based on the "chimney effect"; the air in the downwind and upwind passages will expand after absorbing heat, thereby reducing the density. Because the same volume of hot air has less gravity, the buoyancy will make the hot air float up. The negative pressure generated at the air inlets of the upper and upper air passages can suck external air into the lower and upper air passages.
当阳光照射在上层面板上的太阳能电池上时,除了小部分转化为电能外,大部分转化为热量;此时太阳能电池的背板温度将高于环境温度,部分热量将从背板传递给与之接触的空气,使之密度降低。这时如果下通风口是打开的,而上通风口和屋檐侧通风口是关闭的,则在下通风口将产生一个负压,此负压将导致室内空气从下通风口吸入下风道,在空腔中被加热后上浮,室内空气将由这种烟囱效应而源源不断地从室内进入下风道、上风道,最后从风道顶部的通风口离开,从而实现对室内的通风,如图2所示;当然,为了实现通风,室内需要开窗,比如由于太阳能电池通常布设在南面屋顶,室内可以打开北面的窗户,从而形成良好的对流。When the sunlight shines on the solar cell on the upper panel, except for a small part into electricity, most of it is converted into heat; at this time, the temperature of the back plate of the solar cell will be higher than the ambient temperature, and part of the heat will be transferred from the back plate to the solar cell. The air it comes into contact with reduces its density. At this time, if the lower vent is open, and the upper vent and the eave side vent are closed, a negative pressure will be generated in the lower vent, which will cause indoor air to be sucked into the lower duct from the lower vent, and the air will After the cavity is heated and floats up, the indoor air will continuously enter the lower air duct and upper air duct from the room due to the chimney effect, and finally leave from the vent on the top of the air duct, so as to realize the ventilation of the room, as shown in Figure 2; Of course, in order to achieve ventilation, windows need to be opened indoors. For example, since solar cells are usually arranged on the roof in the south, the windows in the north can be opened indoors to form good convection.
如无须利用本设计对室内通风,则可以将上下通风口关闭,打开屋檐侧风阀,则从屋檐侧风阀进入空腔的空气,也可以对上层面板上的太阳能电池背板产生通风散热的效果,降低太阳能电池的温度,如图3 所示,从而比直接安装在屋顶的太阳能电池有更高的发电效率。If there is no need to use this design to ventilate the room, the upper and lower vents can be closed, and the side air valve on the eaves can be opened, so that the air entering the cavity from the side air valve on the eaves can also generate ventilation and heat dissipation for the solar battery backplane on the upper panel. The effect is to reduce the temperature of the solar cell, as shown in Figure 3, so that the power generation efficiency is higher than that of the solar cell directly installed on the roof.
当天气较寒冷时,可将上下通风口打开,屋檐侧风阀关闭,则此时将形成一个半封闭的空腔,该空腔可使屋面保温,减少热量从屋面散逸。如果上通风口安装有抽风机,则可进一步将热空气从风道抽入室内,此时室内较冷的空气将从下通风口进入风道,然后被太阳能电池背板加热,如图4所示;通过这种循环加热的方式逐渐升高室内空气温度,一定程度减少室内的加热需求。When the weather is colder, the upper and lower vents can be opened, and the eaves side air valves can be closed, then a semi-closed cavity will be formed at this time, which can keep the roof warm and reduce heat dissipation from the roof. If the upper vent is equipped with an exhaust fan, the hot air can be further drawn into the room from the air duct. At this time, the cooler air in the room will enter the air duct from the lower vent, and then be heated by the solar battery backplane, as shown in Figure 4 The indoor air temperature is gradually increased through this circulation heating method, and the indoor heating demand is reduced to a certain extent.
本设计的通风效应适用于阳光较充足而外界风速较小,室内无法依赖自然风通风时的情况;或自然风不稳定而室内出于某种原因需要较稳定的通风量时的情况。The ventilation effect of this design is suitable for the situation when there is sufficient sunlight but the outside wind speed is low, and the indoor cannot rely on natural wind for ventilation; or when the natural wind is unstable and the indoor needs a relatively stable ventilation for some reason.
本设计可以利用太阳能电池的废热对建筑室内进行通风,同时对于降低电池温度,提高发电效率有一定效果;如无须室内通风,本设计则也可利用室外气流对太阳能电池进行通风散热,从而提高电池的发电效率;本设计在寒冷天气可以利用太阳能电池产生的废热对室内空气进行循环加热,减少室内加热所需能耗。如室内无须热空气,本设计也可以起到对屋顶保温的作用,从而减少室内热量的散失。This design can use the waste heat of solar cells to ventilate the interior of the building, and at the same time, it has a certain effect on reducing the temperature of the battery and improving the power generation efficiency; The power generation efficiency; this design can use the waste heat generated by solar cells to circulate and heat the indoor air in cold weather, reducing the energy consumption required for indoor heating. If there is no need for hot air in the room, this design can also play a role in thermal insulation of the roof, thereby reducing the loss of indoor heat.
本专利如果公开或涉及了互相固定连接的零部件或结构件,那么,除另有声明外,固定连接可以理解为:能够拆卸地固定连接( 例如使用螺栓或螺钉连接),也可以理解为:不可拆卸的固定连接(例如铆接、焊接),当然,互相固定连接也可以为一体式结构( 例如使用铸造工艺一体成形制造出来) 所取代(明显无法采用一体成形工艺除外)。If this patent discloses or relates to parts or structural parts that are fixedly connected to each other, then, unless otherwise stated, the fixed connection can be understood as: a detachable fixed connection (for example, using bolts or screws), or it can also be understood as: Non-detachable fixed connections (such as riveting, welding), of course, mutual fixed connections can also be replaced by an integral structure (such as one-piece manufacturing using a casting process) (except that it is obviously impossible to use an integral forming process).
在本专利的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本专利,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本专利的限制。In the description of this patent, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", The orientations or positional relationships indicated by "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this patent, rather than indicating or Implications that a referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed, and operate in a particular orientation should therefore not be construed as limiting the patent.
上列较佳实施例,对本实用新型的目的、技术方案和优点进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本实用新型的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本实用新型,凡在本实用新型的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。The above preferred embodiments have further described the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the utility model in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model. For new models, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model shall be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.
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CN116641514B (en) * | 2023-06-19 | 2023-12-01 | 北京市建筑设计研究院有限公司 | Collect hidden roofing system of discharging fume, drainage function in an organic whole |
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