CN218976645U

CN218976645U - Double-layer photovoltaic roof for ventilation and heating of building

Info

Publication number: CN218976645U
Application number: CN202223222708.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 林坚
Original assignee: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Current assignee: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Priority date: 2022-05-31
Filing date: 2022-12-02
Publication date: 2023-05-05
Anticipated expiration: 2032-12-02

Abstract

The utility model relates to a double-layer photovoltaic roof for ventilation and heating of a building, which comprises an upper layer panel and a lower layer panel which are arranged on the roof, wherein a solar panel is arranged on the upper layer panel, and a lower air duct is formed between the upper layer panel and the lower layer panel; the ridge end of the upper panel extends vertically upwards to form a first extension part, the ridge end of the lower panel extends vertically upwards to form a second extension part, and the first extension part and the second extension part enclose an upper air duct communicated with the lower air duct; the eave end of the lower panel is provided with a lower vent communicated with the lower air duct and the indoor space, and the lower vent is provided with a lower air valve; the utility model fully utilizes the principle of natural convection and can realize indoor ventilation, heat preservation, heating and heat dissipation of a solar cell when sunlight is sufficient.

Description

Double-layer photovoltaic roof for ventilation and heating of building

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a double-layer photovoltaic roof for ventilation and heating of a building.

Background

Photovoltaic building integration (building intergated photovoltaics, BIPV) is a technology that combines photovoltaic power generation components with a building. Wherein the photovoltaic panel is used for photoelectric conversion and also serves as a building material for a facade or a roof of a building. If the heat generated by the photovoltaic panel is further utilized, this technique may be referred to as BIPV/T (T stands for Thermo) technique.

In the prior art, the solar cell has low efficiency, and generates a large amount of waste heat while generating electricity. Current BIPVT systems mainly use waste heat to heat air or water for use in buildings. There have also been some studies or patents attempting to use waste heat to heat air for ventilation, or to insulate roofs. Such as patent CN215858681U.

The prior art has the following problems: firstly, the ventilation and heat dissipation design can only be used for the ventilation and heat dissipation of the solar cell slice, but cannot be used for indoor ventilation of a building, and the ventilation and heat dissipation effects are not good; second, in cold seasons, although it forms a "thermal roofing", waste heat generated by the solar cells cannot be further utilized to provide hot air to the building room, and the temperature of the cells may be too high, resulting in a decrease in power generation efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to overcome the defects, and provides the double-layer photovoltaic roof for ventilation and heating of a building.

The utility model solves the technical problems by adopting a scheme that the double-layer photovoltaic roof for ventilation and heating of a building comprises an upper layer panel and a lower layer panel which are arranged on the roof at intervals from top to bottom, and a lower air duct is formed between the upper layer panel and the lower layer panel;

the ridge end of the upper panel extends vertically upwards to form a first extension part, the ridge end of the lower panel extends vertically upwards to form a second extension part, and the first extension part and the second extension part enclose an upper air duct communicated with the lower air duct;

the outward surface of the first extension part is provided with a light absorption coating or a solar panel, the outward surface of the second extension part is polished smoothly, and the inner surfaces of the first extension part and the second extension part are coated with coatings with larger infrared emissivity;

the solar panel is arranged on the upper panel, and the coating with high infrared emissivity is coated on the upper surface of the lower panel;

the eave end of the lower panel is provided with a lower vent communicated with the lower air duct and the indoor space, and the lower vent is provided with a lower air valve; the ridge end of the lower layer panel is provided with an upper vent communicated with the lower air duct and the indoor space, the upper vent is provided with an upper air valve, and the lower air duct is disconnected from the upper air duct after the upper air valve is opened in place;

eave side ventilation openings communicated with the outside are formed in the lower end of the lower air duct, and eave side air valves are arranged at the eave side ventilation openings.

Further, an exhaust fan for facilitating indoor circulation and blowing is arranged in the upper ventilation opening.

Further, the indoor and outdoor of the house are respectively provided with a temperature sensor and an air speed sensor, the indoor is provided with a controller, and the exhaust fan, each temperature sensor, each air speed sensor and each air valve are electrically connected with the controller.

Further, the lower surface of the upper panel is coated with a coating with a relatively high infrared emissivity.

Further, the light absorbing coating is a dark or black coating layer.

Further, the upper panel and the lower panel are connected through a supporting piece.

Furthermore, the eave side air valve and the down air valve can be opened only alternatively.

Further, a shielding plate is arranged or not arranged above the upper air duct.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects: the solar energy heat-preserving device is simple in structure, reasonable in design, capable of achieving indoor ventilation, heat preservation, heating and heat dissipation of the solar cells when sunlight is sufficient, and fully utilizes the principle of natural convection.

Drawings

The patent of the utility model is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a construction of an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in a ventilation mode according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in a heat dissipation mode according to an embodiment of the utility model;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in a heating mode according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

In the figure: 1-upper panel; 2-a lower panel; 3-a first extension; 4-a second extension; 5-a lower air duct; 6-an upper air duct; 7-a downwind valve; 8-an upwind valve; 9-eave side air valves; 10-a support in the upper duct; 11-a support in the lower duct; 12-a shielding plate; 13-exhaust fan.

Detailed Description

The utility model is further described below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.

As shown in fig. 1-4, the double-layer photovoltaic roof for ventilation and heating of a building comprises an upper layer panel 1 and a lower layer panel 2 which are arranged on the roof at intervals from top to bottom, wherein a lower air duct 5 is formed by surrounding and fixedly connecting the upper layer panel and the lower layer panel; the included angle between the upper panel and the lower panel is designed according to actual needs; preferably, the upper and lower panels are parallel, or the upper panel assumes an angle that maximizes annual energy production of the solar cell.

The ridge end of the upper panel extends vertically upwards to form a first extension part 3, the ridge end of the lower panel extends vertically upwards to form a second extension part 4, and the first extension part and the second extension part enclose an upper air duct 6 communicated with the lower air duct; the structure that the first extension part and the second extension part extend upwards provides enough height difference for the air inlet and outlet; the upper panel and the lower panel and the ends of the first extension part and the second extension part are both closed so as to close the side part of the air duct;

the outward surface of the first extension part is provided with a light absorption coating or a solar panel, the outward surface of the second extension part is polished smoothly, the original color of the metal is kept, the infrared radiation emissivity of the metal is smaller, the inner surfaces of the first extension part and the second extension part are coated with coatings with larger infrared emissivity, and the infrared radiation capacity is increased so as to effectively transfer heat to the air;

the upper panel is provided with a solar panel, and the upper surface of the lower panel is smooth and is coated with a coating with high infrared emissivity;

the eave end of the lower panel is provided with a lower vent communicated with a lower air duct and the indoor space, and the lower vent is provided with a lower air valve 7; the ridge end of the lower panel is provided with an upper vent communicated with the lower air duct and the indoor space, the upper vent is provided with an upper air valve 8, and after the upper air valve is opened in place in the air duct, a valve plate of the upper air valve is supported between the upper panel and the lower panel in a turnover manner, namely, the joint of the lower air duct and the upper air duct is blocked from being communicated with the lower air duct and the upper air duct;

eave side ventilation openings communicated with the outside are formed in the lower end of the lower air duct, and eave side air valves 9 are arranged at the eave side ventilation openings.

In this embodiment, an exhaust fan for facilitating indoor circulation and blowing is installed in the upper ventilation opening, that is, when the weather is cold, the upper ventilation opening and the lower ventilation opening are opened, and the eave side air valve is closed, so that a semi-closed cavity is formed at the moment, and the cavity can keep the roof warm and reduce heat dissipation from the roof. By starting the exhaust fan, hot air can be further pumped into the room from the lower air duct, at the moment, cooler air in the room enters the lower air duct from the lower ventilation opening and is then heated by the solar cell backboard, and the temperature of the air in the room is gradually increased in a circulating heating mode, so that the heating requirement in the room is reduced to a certain extent.

In this embodiment, the indoor and outdoor of the house are both installed with temperature sensors and wind speed sensors, the indoor is installed with a controller, the exhaust fan, each temperature sensor, each wind speed sensor and each wind valve are all electrically connected with the controller, and the controller can control the opening and closing of each wind valve according to the received temperature and wind speed data according to the existing preset values.

In this embodiment, the lower surface of the upper panel is coated with a coating of greater infrared emissivity.

In this embodiment, the light absorbing coating is a dark or black paint layer.

In this embodiment, the coating layer with a relatively high infrared emissivity may be a material layer for enhancing infrared radiation, or may be a black coating layer for enhancing the infrared radiation emission and absorption capability of the surface.

In this embodiment, the upper panel and the lower panel are respectively connected via

support members

10 and 11, the ends of the upper panel and the lower panel are connected via an outer frame, and the ends of the first extension portion and the second extension portion are sealed at both sides to form an air duct.

In this embodiment, only one of the eave side air valve and the down air valve can be opened.

In this embodiment, the shielding plate 12 is disposed or not disposed above the upper duct.

The working principle of the design is based on the chimney effect; the air in the lower air channel and the upper air channel absorbs heat and then expands, so that the density is reduced, and the heated air floats upwards due to the fact that the gravity of the heated air with the same volume is small, and the negative pressure generated at the air inlets of the lower air channel and the upper air channel can suck the external air into the lower air channel and the upper air channel.

When sunlight irradiates on the solar cells on the upper panel, most of the sunlight is converted into heat in addition to a small part of the sunlight being converted into electric energy; at this time, the temperature of the back plate of the solar cell will be higher than the ambient temperature, and part of heat will be transferred from the back plate to the air in contact with the back plate, so that the density of the back plate is reduced. If the lower vent is opened and the upper vent and the eave side vent are closed, a negative pressure is generated at the lower vent, the negative pressure causes indoor air to be sucked into the lower air channel from the lower vent, float up after being heated in the cavity, the indoor air continuously enters the lower air channel and the upper air channel from the indoor through the chimney effect, and finally leaves from the vent at the top of the air channel, so that the ventilation to the indoor is realized, as shown in fig. 2; of course, in order to achieve ventilation, windows are required in the room, for example, since solar cells are typically arranged on a southern roof, the windows in the north can be opened in the room, thus creating good convection.

If the design is not used for indoor ventilation, the upper vent and the lower vent can be closed, the eave side air valve is opened, air entering the cavity from the eave side air valve can also generate ventilation and heat dissipation effects on the solar cell backboard on the upper panel, and the temperature of the solar cell is reduced, as shown in fig. 3, so that the solar cell has higher power generation efficiency than the solar cell directly arranged on the roof.

When the weather is colder, the upper vent and the lower vent can be opened, and the eave side air valve is closed, so that a semi-closed cavity is formed, the cavity can keep the roof warm, and heat dissipation from the roof is reduced. If the upper vent is fitted with an exhaust fan, hot air can be further drawn into the room from the air duct, where cooler air in the room will enter the air duct from the lower vent and then be heated by the solar back panel, as shown in FIG. 4; the indoor air temperature is gradually increased by the circulating heating mode, and the indoor heating requirement is reduced to a certain extent.

The ventilation effect of the design is suitable for the conditions that the sunshine is more sufficient, the external wind speed is smaller, and the indoor air cannot be ventilated by natural wind; or when natural wind is unstable and a relatively stable ventilation is required in the room for some reason.

The design can utilize the waste heat of the solar battery to ventilate the building room, and has certain effect on reducing the battery temperature and improving the power generation efficiency; if indoor ventilation is not needed, the design can also utilize outdoor airflow to ventilate and dissipate heat of the solar cell, so that the power generation efficiency of the cell is improved; the solar energy heat pump indoor air circulating heating device can utilize waste heat generated by the solar cells to circularly heat indoor air in cold weather, and reduces energy consumption required by indoor heating. If no hot air is needed in the room, the design can also play a role in heat preservation of the roof, so that the dissipation of indoor heat is reduced.

If this patent discloses or relates to components or structures that are fixedly connected to each other, then unless otherwise stated, the fixed connection is understood as: detachably fixed connection (e.g. using bolts or screws) can also be understood as: the non-detachable fixed connection (e.g. riveting, welding), of course, the mutual fixed connection may also be replaced by an integral structure (e.g. integrally formed using a casting process) (except for obviously being unable to use an integral forming process).

In the description of this patent, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the patent, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the patent.

While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment, other and further embodiments of the utility model will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description, wherein the utility model is described, by way of illustration and example only, and it is intended that the utility model not be limited to the specific embodiments illustrated and described, but that the utility model is to be limited to the specific embodiments illustrated and described.

Claims

1. A double-deck photovoltaic roof for building ventilation and heating, its characterized in that: the air conditioner comprises an upper layer panel and a lower layer panel which are arranged on a roof at intervals, wherein a lower air duct is formed between the upper layer panel and the lower layer panel;

the lower panel eave end is provided with a lower vent communicated with the lower air duct and the indoor space, and a lower air valve is arranged at the lower vent; the ridge end of the lower layer panel is provided with an upper vent communicated with the lower air duct and the indoor space, an upper air valve is arranged at the upper vent, and the lower air duct is disconnected from the upper air duct after the upper air valve is opened in place;

2. A bi-layer photovoltaic roof for ventilation and heating of buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: an exhaust fan for facilitating indoor circulation and blowing is arranged in the upper ventilation opening.

3. A bi-layer photovoltaic roof for ventilation and heating of buildings according to claim 2, characterized in that: the indoor and outdoor of house are equipped with temperature sensor and wind speed sensor, the indoor is equipped with controller, exhaust fan, every temperature sensor, every wind speed sensor, every air valve are all connected with controller electrically.

4. A bi-layer photovoltaic roof for ventilation and heating of buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower surface of the upper panel is coated with a coating with high infrared emissivity.

5. A bi-layer photovoltaic roof for ventilation and heating of buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the light absorbing coating is a dark or black coating layer.

6. A bi-layer photovoltaic roof for ventilation and heating of buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper layer panel and the lower layer panel are connected through a supporting piece.

7. A bi-layer photovoltaic roof for ventilation and heating of buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the eave side air valve and the down air valve can be opened only alternatively.

8. A bi-layer photovoltaic roof for ventilation and heating of buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a shielding plate is arranged above the upper air duct or not.