JP4117282B2 - 固体自由造形法を使用して三次元物体を製造するシステムおよび方法 - Google Patents
固体自由造形法を使用して三次元物体を製造するシステムおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
図1は、三次元セラミックSFF物体を形成するこの方法を実施することができる例示的な固体自由造形(SFF)システム(100)を示す。図1に示したように、SFFシステム(100)は、製造容器(fabrication bin)(110)、可動キャリッジ(120)、およびいくつかの制御部と表示装置を含む表示パネル(130)を含むことができる。さらに、計算処理装置(140)は、SFFシステム(100)に通信可能に結合されることがある。
SFFによって三次元セラミック物体を形成するこのシステムおよび方法の1つの例示的な実施形態は、リン酸カルシウム・セメントの使用を基本にする。1つまたはいくつかの形のリン酸カルシウムを適切な結合剤と混合すると、リン酸カルシウムは溶け、溶けにくいリン酸カルシウムに再沈殿する。再沈殿反応の間、沈澱したリン酸カルシウム結晶は成長して絡まり、それにより機械的強度が向上する。このシステムおよび方法は、この溶解と再沈殿の化学的性質をリン酸カルシウム・システムに適用し、このシステムを使用して、高温で加熱後にプレセラミックの細部を適切に保持したきわめて丈夫なセラミック物体ができる丈夫なプレセラミック三次元物体を製造することができる。このリン酸カルシウム系粉末(240)と噴射溶解結合剤(220)の例示的な成分については、後でさらに詳しく説明する。
図3は、1つの例示的な実施形態により、リン酸カルシウム系粉末を混入しながら図2に示したSFFシステム(図2の100)を操作する例示的な方法を示すフローチャートである。図3に示したように、この方法は、製造容器内または基板上に一定量のリン酸カルシウム系粉末を散布し圧縮することで始めることができる(段階300)。必要に応じて一定量のリン酸カルシウム系粉末を散布し圧縮した(段階300)後、SFF装置は、新しく散布したリン酸カルシウム系粉末の層に一定量の噴射溶解結合剤を選択的に投入する(段階310)。所定の量の結合剤をリン酸カルシウム系粉末内に噴射した後、オペレータまたは結合された計算処理装置が、材料計量供給操作が完了したかどうかを判定する(段階320)。材料計量供給操作が完了していない場合(段階320でNO)、このシステムおよび装置は、再び一定量のリン酸カルシウム系粉末を散布し圧縮して(段階300)、噴射可能な溶解結合剤を、材料計量供給操作が完了するまで付着し続けることができる(段階310)。材料計量供給操作が完了し(段階320でYES)、プレセラミック物体が形成された後、未結合のリン酸カルシウム系粉末からプレセラミック物体を除去することができる(段階330)。次に、加熱プロセスを実行して、所望の三次元セラミック物体を乾燥させ焼結することができる(段階340)。三次元セラミック物体を形成した後で、セラミック物体に、いくつかの任意の仕上げ作業を行うことができる(段階350)。次に、図3の前述の各段階について、図4Aから図4Eを参照して詳細に説明する。
2CaHPO4+2Ca4(PO4)2O→Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
1OCaHPO4+2H2O→Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2+4H3PO4
3Ca4(PO4)2O+3H2O→Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2+2Ca(OH)2
噴射溶解結合剤(410)とリン酸カルシウム系粉末(400)の混合物(420)の層が十分に「混合」された後、計算処理装置(図2の140)は、固体自由造形システム(図2の100)が、所望の三次元セラミック物体を画定する材料計量供給操作(図3の段階320)を完了したかどうか判定する。所望の三次元セラミック物体に対応するプレセラミック物体を構成するために、結合剤/粉末組成物マトリクスの必要な層(図4Cの450)が形成された場合に、計算処理装置(図2の140)は、材料計量供給操作が完了し(図3の段階320でYES)、固体自由造形システム(図2の100)がその材料計量供給操作を終了したと判定する。しかしながら、計算処理装置が、プレセラミック物体を形成するのに十分な結合剤/粉末組成物マトリクス全体(450)がまだ形成されていないと判定した場合(図3の段階320でNO)は、固体自由造形システム(図2の100)は、リン酸カルシウム系粉末の別の層を散布し圧縮し(段階300)、前述の工程が再び始まる。
リン酸カルシウム源、反応抑制剤、および層状複水酸化物を含む微粒子混合物(リン酸カルシウム系粉末)(240)を既定領域に付着させる段階と、
所定量の前記微粒子混合物(240)上に溶解結合剤(220、410)を選択的に噴射して、前記所定量のプレセラミック物体を形成する段階とを含み、前記溶解結合剤(220、410)が、湿潤剤、保湿剤、酸性または塩基性のpH調整剤、および界面活性剤を有する方法。
リン酸カルシウム源、反応抑制剤、および層状複水酸化物を含む微粒子混合物(240)と、
微粒子混合物(240)を水和してプレセラミック物体を形成するように構成された溶解結合剤(220、410)とを含むシステム。
前記複数のプレセラミック層が、リン酸カルシウム源、反応抑制剤、および層状複水酸化物を含む微粒子混合物(240)を含み、
前記微粒子混合物(240)が、前記プレセラミックを作成するために溶解結合剤(220、410)によって水和された固体三次元プロトタイプ組成物。
220、410 溶解結合剤
240 微粒子混合物
Claims (10)
- 三次元物体の固体自由造形方法であって、
リン酸カルシウム源、反応抑制剤、および層状複水酸化物を含む微粒子混合物を既定領域に付着させる段階と、
所定量の前記微粒子混合物上に溶解結合剤を選択的に噴射して、前記所定量のプレセラミック物体を形成する段階とを備え、
前記溶解結合剤が、湿潤剤、保湿剤、酸性または塩基性のpH調整剤、および界面活性剤を有することを特徴とする方法。 - 前記微粒子混合物のうち前記プレセラミック物体を形成していない部分を除去する段階をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- プレセラミック物体を形成する前記段階が、さらに、再沈殿硬化反応を行う段階を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記プレセラミック物体を加熱してセラミック物体を形成する段階をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 三次元物体の固体自由造形システムであって、
リン酸カルシウム源、反応抑制剤、および層状複水酸化物を含む微粒子混合物と、
微粒子混合物を水和してプレセラミック物体を形成するように構成された溶解結合剤と
を備えることを特徴とするシステム。 - 前記溶解結合剤が、湿潤剤、保湿剤、pH調整剤、および界面活性剤を含むことを特徴とする請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 前記微粒子混合物が、さらに、反応促進剤を含むことを特徴とする請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 前記溶解結合剤を前記微粒子混合物上に選択的に噴射するように構成された材料供給装置をさらに具備することを特徴とする請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 前記プレセラミック物体を焼結するのに十分な熱エネルギーを前記プレセラミック物体に提供するように構成された炉をさらに具備することを特徴とする請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 互いに接するように配置された複数のプレセラミック層を備え、
前記複数のプレセラミック層が、リン酸カルシウム源、反応抑制剤、および層状複水酸化物を含む微粒子混合物を含み、
前記微粒子混合物が、前記プレセラミックを作成するために溶解結合剤によって水和されたことを特徴とする固体三次元プロトタイプ物体。
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