JP4103885B2 - InP系受光素子の亜鉛固相拡散方法とInP系受光素子 - Google Patents
InP系受光素子の亜鉛固相拡散方法とInP系受光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims description 144
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims description 111
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 title claims description 54
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 18
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 274
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 144
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 98
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 94
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 92
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 65
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 51
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
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- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
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- 229910021486 amorphous silicon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004541 SiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017083 AlN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017855 NH 4 F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium;zinc Chemical compound [Se]=[Zn] SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/22—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities
- H01L21/225—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities using diffusion into or out of a solid from or into a solid phase, e.g. a doped oxide layer
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- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/32—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers using masks
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/10—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
- H01L31/101—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
- H01L31/102—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier
- H01L31/103—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier the potential barrier being of the PN homojunction type
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- H01L31/184—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof the active layers comprising only AIIIBV compounds, e.g. GaAs, InP
- H01L31/1844—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof the active layers comprising only AIIIBV compounds, e.g. GaAs, InP comprising ternary or quaternary compounds, e.g. Ga Al As, In Ga As P
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Description
p電極
p領域
(p−InP、p−InGaAs) + n−InP窓層
pn接合
n−−InGaAs受光層(又はn−−InGaAsP受光層)
n−InPバッファ層
n−InP基板
n電極
エピタキシャル法はn型層またはi型層の上にp型層をエピタキシャル成長させるもので境界層がpn接合になる。これは皿型断面のp領域を作ることはできない。
図1はInPエピウエハにa−Si(アモルファスシリコン)を表面にもち、a−SiとSiNからなる2層マスク層を形成したものの一素子分の断面図である。n−InP基板1の上にn−InPバッファ層2、InGaAs受光層3、n−InP窓層4がエピタキシャル成長してある。それがエピタキシャルウエハである。
図6は、上面入射型の受光素子としたものである。p領域5の上にp電極30を付ける。開口部には反射防止膜40を形成する。n−InP基板1の裏面にはn電極50を設ける。信号光は上面の反射防止膜40を通りp領域の側から入射する。p側の保護膜はa−Si/SiNの二層膜となっている。
フッ酸に耐性をもつ拡散抑止マスクを用いるというのが本発明の骨子である。上層にa―Siを持ち下層にZn拡散を抑止する作用のある薄膜を用いればよい。ここではa―Si/SiO2の二重膜のものを説明する。
フッ酸に耐性をもつ拡散抑止マスクを用いるというのが本発明の提案である。上層にa―Siを持ち下層にZn拡散を抑止する作用のある薄膜を用いればよい。下層は他にも適当な材料がある。ここではa―Si/SiONの二重膜のものを説明する。図10はInPエピウエ−ハに、a―Si薄膜7(上層)とSiON薄膜39(下層)からなる2層マスクを形成し、マスクをつけフッ酸+硝酸の混酸で素子中央部をエッチングしたものの一素子分の断面図である。a―Siはフッ酸だけでは溶けず、フッ酸と硝酸の混酸でないと溶けない。
2 n−InPバッファ層
3 n−InGaAs受光層
4 n−InP窓層
5 p領域
6 SiN薄膜
7 a−Si薄膜
8 ZnO薄膜
9 SiO2薄膜
10 開口部
18 被覆部
19 被覆部
20 pn接合
22 pn接合横壁(側壁)
23 pn接合端
26 マスク端部
27 欠陥
29 マスク端部ずれ
30 p電極
32 p電極
33 p電極
36 SiN保護層
37 SiO2薄膜
40 反射防止膜
42 反射防止膜
50 n電極
52 n電極
Claims (12)
- n型InP基板の上に少なくともn型InGaAs受光層あるいはn型InGaAsP受光層をエピタキシャル成長させたエピタキシャルウエハに、受光層内にpn接合を形成するためのp型不純物として亜鉛を選択拡散するため、a−Siを上層にもつ選択拡散マスクをエピタキシャルウエハの上に形成し、その上に亜鉛源としてのZnO薄膜を形成し、さらに亜鉛の上方への抜けを防ぐ抑え膜としてSiO2またはSiN膜を形成し、加熱してZnO薄膜の亜鉛を受光層へ至るまで固相拡散し、フッ酸またはバッファードフッ酸によって抑え膜とZnO薄膜を除去し、a−Siを上層にもつ選択拡散マスクは維持し、a−Si薄膜を上層とする選択拡散マスクを保護膜として利用することを特徴とするInP系受光素子の亜鉛固相拡散方法。
- 選択拡散マスクがa−Siを上層とし、SiNを下層とする二層構造のマスクであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のInP系受光素子の亜鉛固相拡散方法。
- 選択拡散マスクがa−Siを上層とし、SiO2を下層とする二層構造のマスクであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のInP系受光素子の亜鉛固相拡散方法。
- 選択拡散マスクがa−Siを上層とし、SiONを下層とする二構造のマスクであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のInP系受光素子の亜鉛固相拡散方法。
- a−Siを上層とする選択拡散マスクを製造するためのエッチング液がフッ酸と硝酸の混酸であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4に記載のInP系受光素子の亜鉛固相拡散方法。
- a−Siを上層にもつ選択拡散マスクを、連続成膜することを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のInP系受光素子の亜鉛固相拡散方法。
- n型InP基板と、その上にエピタキシャル成長したn型InPバッファ層、n−型InGaAsまたはInGaAsP受光層と、n型InP窓層と、窓層と受光層の中央部に亜鉛固相拡散によって形成されたp型領域と、受光層の中間部に生成されInP窓層に端部をもつpn接合と、pn接合端部とn型InP窓層の周辺部を覆うように設けられたa−Si/SiNの二層構造の保護層と、p型領域に形成されたp電極と、n型InP基板底面に形成されたn電極とよりなることを特徴とするInP系受光素子。
- n型InP基板と、その上にエピタキシャル成長したn型InPバッファ層、n−型InGaAsまたはInGaAsP受光層と、n型InP窓層と、窓層と受光層の中央部に亜鉛固相拡散によって形成されたp型領域と、受光層の中間部に生成されInP窓層に端部をもつpn接合と、pn接合端部とn型InP窓層の周辺部を覆うように設けられたa−Si/SiO2の二層構造の保護層と、p型領域に形成されたp電極と、n型InP基板底面に形成されたn電極とよりなることを特徴とするInP系受光素子。
- n型InP基板と、その上にエピタキシャル成長したn型InPバッファ層、n−型InGaAsまたはInGaAsP受光層と、受光層の中央部に亜鉛固相拡散によって形成されたp型領域と、受光層の中間部に生成されInP窓層に端部をもつpn接合と、pn接合端部とn−型InGaAsまたはInGaAsP受光層の周辺部を覆うように設けられたa−Si/SiNの二層構造の保護層と、p型領域に形成されたp電極と、n型InP基板底面に形成されたn電極とよりなることを特徴とするInP系受光素子。
- n型InP基板と、その上にエピタキシャル成長したn型InPバッファ層、n−型InGaAs又はInGaAsP受光層と、受光層の中央部に亜鉛固相拡散によって形成されたp型領域と、受光層の中間部に生成されInP窓層に端部をもつpn接合と、pn接合端部とn−型InGaAsまたはInGaAsP受光層の周辺部を覆うように設けられたa−Si/SiO2の二層構造の保護層と、p型領域に形成されたp電極と、n型InP基板底面に形成されたn電極とよりなることを特徴とするInP系受光素子。
- n型InP基板と、その上にエピタキシャル成長したn型InPバッファ層、n−型InGaAsまたはInGaAsP受光層と、n−InP窓層と、窓層と受光層の中央部に亜鉛固相拡散によって形成されたp型領域と、受光層の中間部に生成されInP窓層に端部をもつpn接合と、pn接合端部とn型InP窓層の周辺部を覆うように設けられたa−Si/SiONの二層構造の保護層と、p型領域に形成されたp電極と、n型InP基板底面に形成されたn電極とよりなることを特徴とするInP系受光素子。
- n型InP基板と、その上にエピタキシャル成長したn型InPバッファ層、n−型InGaAsまたはInGaAsP受光層と、受光層の中央部に亜鉛固相拡散によって形成されたp型領域と、受光層の中間部に生成されInP窓層に端部をもつpn接合と、pn接合端部とn−型InGaAsまたはInGaAsP受光層の周辺部を覆うように設けられたa−Si/SiONの二層構造の保護層と、p型領域に形成されたp電極と、n型InP基板底面に形成されたn電極とよりなることを特徴とするInP系受光素子。
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