JP3954197B2 - 電気手術用止血装置 - Google Patents

電気手術用止血装置 Download PDF

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JP3954197B2
JP3954197B2 JP10713298A JP10713298A JP3954197B2 JP 3954197 B2 JP3954197 B2 JP 3954197B2 JP 10713298 A JP10713298 A JP 10713298A JP 10713298 A JP10713298 A JP 10713298A JP 3954197 B2 JP3954197 B2 JP 3954197B2
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pole
tissue
retracted
opposing
inches
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JPH1119093A (ja
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デビッド・シー・イエイツ
ジェームズ・ダブリュ・ボエジェレ
ジェシ・クーンズ
アニル・ナラガトラ
ワレン・ピー・ウィリアムソン・ザ・フォース
スティーブン・エイチ・マーシュ
マーティン・マデン
リチャード・ピー・ニューコルス
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1442Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
    • A61B18/1445Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps at the distal end of a shaft, e.g. forceps or scissors at the end of a rigid rod
    • A61B18/1447Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps at the distal end of a shaft, e.g. forceps or scissors at the end of a rigid rod wherein sliding surfaces cause opening/closing of the end effectors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/11Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
    • A61B17/115Staplers for performing anastomosis in a single operation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/11Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
    • A61B17/115Staplers for performing anastomosis in a single operation
    • A61B17/1155Circular staplers comprising a plurality of staples
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/1206Generators therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B2018/00315Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
    • A61B2018/00345Vascular system
    • A61B2018/00404Blood vessels other than those in or around the heart
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B2018/00636Sensing and controlling the application of energy
    • A61B2018/00642Sensing and controlling the application of energy with feedback, i.e. closed loop control
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    • A61B2018/00678Sensing and controlling the application of energy using a threshold value upper
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/1206Generators therefor
    • A61B2018/1273Generators therefor including multiple generators in one device
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/03Automatic limiting or abutting means, e.g. for safety
    • A61B2090/032Automatic limiting or abutting means, e.g. for safety pressure limiting, e.g. hydrostatic

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、手術、特に内視鏡手術を行う際の焼灼、凝塊及び/又は組織溶接のための電気手術具を改良したものに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
組織の切断を伴う手術は、その切断部位で出血を引き起こす。外科医が出血を制御する手段を得る以前は、多量な失血のために、行うことができない手術が多数あった。止血は、出血が制御されない場合は断念しなければならない内視鏡手術や腹腔鏡手術においては、非常に重要である。その場合は、内視鏡手術や腹腔鏡手術では直に触れて対処することのできない出血でも制御できる開放手術を行うべく、患者の身体は切開される。
【0003】
このため、例えば縫合、血管へのクリップの適用、ステープラ留め、電気焼灼、他の発熱法など、成功率は様々であるが、出血を制御するため種々の技術が適用されてきた。組織接合、組織修復及び創傷部閉止の技術が進歩したことも、以前は不可能あるいは危険が大きすぎるとされた手術が可能になったことに貢献している。
【0004】
最初の頃は、止血や組織接合の主要な手段は縫合であった。他の止血や組織修復手段が導入される前は、外科医は、一度切開した患者の組織を縫い合わせるために、多くの時間を割かなければならなかった。
【0005】
手術用クリップは、特に血管の新生が高度に進んだ組織を切断する際に、血管を閉止する手段として導入された。しかし、手術用クリップを適用すると、面倒な操作が必要になる。まず、血管を特定しなければならない。次いで、クリップを、その同定した各血管の切断予定箇所の両側に、個別に適用しなければならない。この際、特に血管が脂肪組織に囲まれているところでは、血管を見つけことが困難になる。
【0006】
組織を縫合するのにかかる時間を減らす上では、手術用ステープラが効果的であった。手術用ステープラには種々の型がある。手術用ステープラは、組織を接合して組織の切断に関連した止血を行うために使用されてきた。この目的に使用される装置には、例えば、直線状及び円形状切断・ステープラ止め装置がある。直線状カッタは、典型的には平行なステープラ針の列、及びこれらステープラ針の列の間で切断手段を移動させるためのスロット(溝)を備える。この型の手術用ステープラは、切断手段がステープラ針の平行列の間で切断を行う際、切断方法を改善するため組織を固定し、組織の層を接合し、ステープラ針の平行列を周囲の組織の層に適用して止血を行う。これらの型の切断・ステープラ止め装置は、筋肉や腸のような肉質組織の手術、特に腸の再切開手術において成功を収めてきた。円形状切断・ステープラ止め装置は、例えば管腔を再接合する吻合術において成功を収めてきた。しかし、切断・ステープラ止め装置を用いたときの結果は、止血の問題を生じやすい腸間膜や付属器のような血管の新生が進んだ組織を切断する手術においては最適とはいえなかった。
【0007】
電気焼灼装置も、止血を行うために用いられてきた。単極装置は、切断又は焼灼具用に一個の電極を使い、患者の対外に遠隔の復帰電極を付着させる。ごく最近では、焼灼用の電流が二つの電極の間にある組織に限定されることから、双極装置も使用されるようになった。
【0008】
種々の手術における切断や凝塊のため、双極鉗子も使用されてきた。例えば、双極鉗子は、ファロピウス管を封止して行う殺菌に使用されている。双極鉗子は一般に、二つの極の間で組織を把持し、その把持した組織を通じて電流を印加する。しかし、双極鉗子は、組織が薄い場合に二つの極の間でアーク放電を引き起こしたり、鉗子の二つの極が接触した場合に鉗子が短絡する傾向があるなど、いくつかの欠点を有する。凝塊用鉗子はまた、取扱いの技術に依存する程度が大きく、鉗子を組織の広い領域に渡って同時に焼灼を行うような構成にすることができない。
【0009】
一方、二つの挟みの刃が、絶縁した剪断面を有する二つの電極のように働く双極挟みが提案された。この装置は、凝塊用の電流が電流の筋道を通って組織に送られたときに、組織を機械的に切断する。しかし、この双極挟みもまた、その使用がうまくいくかどうかは、取扱い技術に依存するところが大きい。
【0010】
従来の装置においては、電気手術用のエネルギーは、切開する場所のどちらかの側において凝塊領域をつくり出して血液や他の体液が切開箇所から漏出するのを防ぐため、生物学的な組織に送られていた。又、外科医は、触覚的なフィードバックを用い、視覚的な手がかりを使って、組織が適切に凝塊したときを決定していた。しかし、これとは別に、電気的なフィードバックあるいはタイミング回路を、凝塊が完結した時を決定するのに用いることができる。末端効果器にある二つの顎で凝塊領域の一部又は全部を覆い隠す電気手術装置においては、外科医が凝塊の程度を判断したり、双極エネルギーの送給を停止したり、組織切断の前に止血の程度が十分であることを確認することは困難である。凝塊の程度を算出するためにフィードバックやタイミング回路を用いる装置においては、手術装置が組織を均等・平坦にかつ予期したように扱っていることを確認することが好ましい。したがって、組織の凝塊を増進するため、電極の配置、圧縮箇所となる稜部及び絶縁領域を最適にできる電気手術装置を開発することが望ましい。
【0011】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、本発明は、種々の型及び厚さの組織(例えば肉質の組織領域、血管組織領域)あるいは高インピーダンス(impedance)組織、低インピーダンス組織もしくはその混在した組織について効率的に止血を行うことができる電気手術用止血装置を提供することを目的とする。「止血」の語は、本明細書では、凝塊、焼灼及び/又は組織接合もしくは組織溶接によって出血を止めることを意味する。
【0012】
本発明はまた、これまで公知の装置を用いていた組織よりも広い組織又は長い組織について同時に焼灼又は溶接を行うことができる双極型止血装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0013】
本発明はさらに、長手の又は棒状の電極を有する双極型電気焼灼装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0014】
本発明のもう一つの目的は、組織を切断する手段の通る切断の道筋に隣接する凝塊線を与える止血手段を提供することである。
【0015】
本発明はまた、切断の道筋に沿って組織を溶接乃至焼灼する電気焼灼手段を備えた切断・ステープラ止め装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0016】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上述の本発明の目的は、組織を挟む間に二つの顎部に連なる相対向する対向面をもつ末端効果器を有する電気手術装置によって達成される。ここで、相対向する対向面の一方又は両方には、電気的には互いに反対の二つのポール(極)が設けられる。これらのポールは、絶縁体を用いて互いに離隔するか、又は両者が相対向する対向面上にある場合には、径方向において反対のポールが並ぶよう互い違いに配置される。
【0017】
本発明の好ましい態様における電気手術装置は、第1の対向面と第2の対向面の間の圧縮ゾーンにおいて組織を圧縮し、その圧縮ゾーンを通して電気エネルギーを印加する。第1の対向面は、圧縮ゾーンにあって圧縮された組織と接する双極エネルギー源の第1のポールと、この第1のポールと同じ又は相対向する対向面にあって第1のポールから電気的に離隔された第2のポールを備える。互いに電気的に離隔されたポールは、ここでは、末端効果器において絶縁体によって互いに離隔されるか、又は相対向する面上で互い違いに配置された電極を意味するものとする。
【0018】
本発明の好ましい態様においては、圧縮ゾーンは、二つの対向面の一方にあって組織を他方の対向面に対して押しつける圧縮用の隆起によって区画される領域である。圧縮用の隆起は、両方の対向面に設けることもできる。凝塊ゾーンは、第1のポール、第2のポール及び第1のポールと第2のポールを絶縁する絶縁体によって区画される。対向面の一方に位置する第2のポールは、一般に、同じ対向面上の絶縁体に隣接するか、又は絶縁体を相対向する対向面に設けてその反対側になるようにする。このような配置にすると、二つのポールが電気的に離隔され、第1のポールと第2のポールの間に、電流を組織の所望領域に導く道筋をつくることができる。
【0019】
組織を圧縮すると、インピーダンスに差異をもたらす組織の構造的な差異を減少させて、組織のインピーダンスが正常になると考えられる。又、組織を圧縮すると、出血がかなり抑えられ、又特に血管を通して流れるときはヒートシンク(heat sink)として働く血液を絞る出すことになる。このため、組織を圧縮すると、エネルギー供給の速度が出血の速度を上回ることもあって、組織へのエネルギーの供給が最適化される。ポールを構成する電極の配置は、二つのポールの間を流れる電流を圧縮ゾーン確実に通過させる上で重要である。又、二つのポールを装置において互いに絶縁乃至離隔させると、従来の装置にみられたようなアーク放電を生じさせたり、ポールを短絡させたりすることなしに、組織を圧縮させることが可能になる。
【0020】
本発明に係る電気手術装置の一態様においては、電気的に離隔された第1のポールは、ナイフチャンネル(スロット)の片側に位置する第1の顎の第1の対向面にある第1の圧縮用隆起を形成する第1及び第2の電極を具備する。この態様においては、第1及び第2の電極の組織に接触する面の幅は、約0.02インチ(0.51mm)乃至約0.04インチ(1.02mm)である。第1のポールの反対側にある第2の顎の一部は、第2の圧縮用隆起を形成する絶縁体になる。第1の顎にはさらに第1の後退した絶縁領域が設けられ、この絶縁領域は、幅が約0.01インチ(0.25mm)乃至約0.04インチ(1.02mm)で、第1のポールの組織接触部分から窪んでいて、第1のポールの外側にある第1の顎の対向面上にある。又、第2の顎は、第1の後退した絶縁領域の反対側に、第2の後退した絶縁領域を有する。この第2の後退した絶縁領域の幅は、第1の後退した絶縁領域のそれとほぼ同じである。又、第1の顎は、第1の後退した絶縁領域の外側に、第2の後退した絶縁領域の組織接触面からの距離が約0.001インチ(0.025mm)乃至約0.045インチ(1.14mm)となる、ポールから電気的に離隔された第2のポールを具備する。
【0021】
こうして、電極の配置とこの電極が組織を圧縮することにより、効率的な焼灼が可能になり、組織インピーダンス、厚さ及び血管分布を広範囲にわたる組織について止血を達成するという利点が生まれる。
【0022】
組織の圧縮は、過剰に圧縮して組織に損傷を生じないように行うのが好ましい。両顎の隙間は、この装置を適用する用途、及びどのような厚さの組織に適用するかによって変えることができる。
【0023】
本発明のもう一つの態様においては、第1のポールは第1の顎の第1の対向面上に設け、第2のポールは、第1のポールと同じ面ではあるが、対向面上には設けないようにする。
【0024】
本発明は又、組織の切断線又は切断の道筋に沿って又はこれと直交する方向に凝塊線又は凝塊の道筋を形成できる装置を提供する。長手の電極は、隣接する絶縁体とともに、焼灼する組織を圧縮する隆起を形成する。第2のポールは、絶縁体の第1のポールとは反対側に隣接して設けられる。
【0025】
好ましい態様においては、装置には、組織を切断する切断手段(cutter)が組み込まれ、この装置は、切断線の通る道筋に隣り合って止血線をつくる。もちろん、切断は、焼灼又は組織溶接の前、最中又はその後のいずれの時期にも行うことができる。この態様の変形例として、切断の道筋の片側又は両側にステープラ止め手段を設けることができる。
【0026】
又、指示手段が、組織が所望又は所定の程度まで焼灼されたことをユーザに知らせる態様もある。指示手段を使う場合は、組織が焼灼されると、切断手段が作動され、ステープラ針の列が組織に適用されている間に、平行な電極棒の間で切断する。
【0027】
他の態様においては、直線状の切断・ステープラ止め装置と同じように、止血装置が、直線状のカッタに組み込まれる。この態様においては、止血装置は、二つの平行な長手電極棒の組を備えるが、この電極棒の組は、一つの極と、切断手段をこれら電極棒の間で行き来させるスロットを形成する。止血をより完全にするため、所望により、スロットと電極棒の各側に、一又はそれ以上の列のステープラ針を備えてもよい。電気エネルギーは、血管を二つの平行な電極棒に沿って焼灼するため、高周波エネルギーの形で、圧縮された組織に印加される。
【0028】
又、もう一つの態様においては、所定の範囲から外れた異常なインピーダンスや他の電気的パラメータを検出する検出手段が設けられる。例えば、この検出手段は、装置が、良好な凝塊が期待される範囲を逸脱したインピーダンスを示す組織に、いつ適用されたかを示すのに用いられる。この検出手段は又、他の装置の異常を検出するのにも用いることができる。例えば、界面電子工学を利用して、組織インピーダンスの当初の正常範囲を比較することによって装置の異常な状態を検出することができる。これは、高周波エネルギーを適用して最初の数ミリ秒に感知され、治療的なエネルギー線量にはならない。インピーダンスが所定範囲を外れたときにユーザに警告する警告機構を使用することもできる。このときは装置をリセットすると同時に、同じ測定基準が適用され、もし組織インピーダンスがもう一度所定範囲から外れた場合は、ユーザは再度警告を受ける。このプロセスは、正常はインピーダンス範囲が満足されて良好な凝塊が規定できるようになるまで続けられる。
【0029】
同様に、もう一つの態様においては、管内ステープラ装置(intraluminal stapler)と同様に組織溶接と焼灼を行う切断装置が提供される。この装置においては、ポールは、絶縁体によって分離された二つの同心円形状の電極に形づくるのが好ましい。ポールを構成する電極は、ステープラ針のカートリッジ又はアンビル(anvil)の一方の側に配置する。
【0030】
【発明の実施の形態】
これらの目的は、図面を参照した本発明の詳細な説明から、よりよく理解されるであろう。
【0031】
図1乃至図9には、本発明の好ましい態様を示す。内視鏡を使った電気焼灼用の直線状切断・ステープラ止め装置10は、管腔を有するシャフト30に連結された本体16と、シャフト30の遠方端から延びる末端効果器50を有する。シャフト30は絶縁材料から形成され、その管腔中を延びる電気的に導体であるシース(鞘)38を備える。シース38を通して延びるチャネル39は、このチャネル39内での駆動手段44の同軸的な動きを案内する。この態様においては、駆動手段44は、本体16に付属する射出用トリガ14を有するが、本体16は駆動ロッド41の基端に連結された可撓性射出ロッド40に連結され、又駆動ロッド41の末端はブロック43に連結する。ブロック43は、切断手段11とステープラ針駆動ウェッジ(楔)13に連結してありこれらを駆動手段44がブロック43によって、末端効果器50の中に押し入れる。
【0032】
末端効果器50は、二つの相対する顎32,34を備える。この末端効果器50は、顎部材34によってチャネル39に固定される。顎部材32は、顎部材34に対して移動可能に取り付けられる。本体16は、顎32,34を閉止するクランプトリガ12を具備するが、このクランプ用トリガ12は、シース38の手前端に連結された閉止ラック45を軸方向に押し進める。閉止ラック45は、シース(38)をシャフト30通して同軸的に押し進める。シース38は、顎32のカム面27の上を前進し、閉じて顎32,34の間に位置する組織を挟。以下に詳しく説明するが、閉止ラック45は又、末端効果器50に電気エネルギーを送る回路を閉止するスイッチとしても働く。
【0033】
図3乃至図9及び図22は、装置10の末端効果器50を拡大したものを示す。顎32,34は、図3においては非閉止(締め付け)状態で、又図4においては閉止・非射出状態で、そして図5においては閉止・射出状態で示してある。顎32は、アンビル18,顎32の軸方向に延びるU字形の第1のポール(電気的な極)52、及び第1のポール52の外側を囲むU字形絶縁材55を具備する。顎32は、顎34の対向面35に面する対向面33を有する。対向面33は、二つの電気的に接続した電極棒53,54を備える第1のポール52を具備する。電極棒53,54は、ステンレススチール若しくはアルミニウムからつくられ、ほぼ対向面33の長さ方向に延びる。電極棒53,54は、第1のポール52の中心を通って軸方向に延びるナイフチャネル(第1のスロット)42によって離隔されて、U字形となっている。電極棒53,54の表面は、組織との接触面積を増やすため、平らな細片状に形成される。アンビル18上にあるステープラ針の端を収めるためのポケット36,37の二つの系列は、それぞれ、電極棒53,54の横の外側を対向面33に沿って延びる。電極棒53,54と絶縁材55は、対向面33のアンビル33aに対して延び出る隆起56を形成する(図6)。アンビル18は、導電性の材料から形成され、第1のポール52とは電気的に反対の第2のポール18aとして働く。アンビル18は、第1のポール52とは、U字形の絶縁材55によって離隔される。
【0034】
顎34は、カートリッジチャネル22とカートリッジ23を具備する。カートリッジ23は、ウェッジ13用のトラック25、カートリッジ23の中心を通って軸方向に延びるナイフチャネル(第2のスロット)26,トラック25の中にまで延びるドライバ24列、及び平行な二重列からなる二つのセットに配置されたステープラ針100を具備する。組織は、両顎32,34の間に係合し、駆動手段44は、組織を切断し又ステープラ止めするため、両顎間に係合した組織を貫いて切断手段11とウェッジ13を押し進めるべく、射出用トリガ14を使って作動乃至射出される。射出用トリガ14が作動されると、ウェッジ13は、トラック25を通って進められ、ドライバ24をステープラ針100に向けて変位させる。こうしてステープラ針100は、組織を貫通してアンビル18のポケット36,37にまで駆動される。
【0035】
図22に示す態様においては、顎32の対向面33にあるアンビル33aからU字形絶縁材55の組織接触面80までの寸法Bは、好ましくは約0.0インチ(0.0mm)から約0.045インチ(1.14mm)の範囲にあるのがよく、好ましい値は約0.0インチ(0.0mm)である。図22の態様においては、U字形絶縁材55は、第1のポール5を第2のポール18aから離隔させる。図22に示すように、寸法Cは、U字形絶縁材55の内縁82から外縁84にかけて、組織接触面80に沿って測った寸法である。本発明の一態様においては、寸法Cは、好ましくは約0.01インチ(0.25mm)から約0.04インチ(1.02mm)の範囲にあるのがよく、好ましい値は約0.02インチ(0.51mm)である。図22に示すように、寸法Eは、第1のポール52の内縁88から外縁86にかけて、組織接触面90に沿って測った寸法である。本発明の一態様においては、寸法Eは、好ましくは約0.002インチ(0.051mm)乃至約0.04インチ(1.02mm)の範囲にあるのがよく、好ましい値は約0.020インチ(0.51mm)である。図22に示すように、寸法Gは、顎32,34が閉止した状態(組織は係合していない)で、顎32側の組織接触面90から顎34側の組織接触面92にかけて測った寸法である。本発明の一態様においては、寸法Gは、好ましくは約0.0インチ(0.0mm)から約0.020インチ(0.51mm)の範囲にあるのがよく、好ましい値は約0.001インチ(0.025mm)である。
【0036】
本発明においては、電極(52)は、例えばステンレススチール(301)、半田、アルミニウム、銅、金又は黄銅(純粋形又は合金)から形づくられる。さらに、電極(52)は、上記の電極材料をメッキ又は蒸着することによっても形成できる。又、本発明においては、アンビル(18)は、例えばステンレススチール(17−4)、アルミニウム又はセラミックから形づくられる。絶縁材(55)は、例えばナイロン、PPO(Noryl)、ウレタン、ポリカーボネート、PEI、PTFE(Teflon)或いはセラミック材料から形成される。最後に、カートリッジ(23)の材料には、例えばVectra、Noryl、ポリカーボネート、ABS又はウレタンを用いることができる。
【0037】
本体16の遠方端に位置するノブ15は、シャフト30、シース38、チャネル39及び末端効果器50(これらは直接又は関節にノブ15に連結している)を回転させる。このため、ノブ15は、末端効果器50の顎32,34を回転させるのに用いられる。
【0038】
双極エネルギーは、電気手術用発電装置60から、装置10の本体16にまで延びるワイヤ19,20を介して末端効果器50に送られる。発電装置60は、フットスイッチ65を使ってユーザが制御する。
【0039】
第1のポール52に電流を送るワイヤ19は、ワイヤや他の電気的接触手段61を介して、閉止ラック45の遠方端に位置する第1のポール52と通ずる電気接触子62に連結される。第1のポール52電気的に反対の第2のポール18aに電流を運ぶワイヤ20は、ワイヤや他の電気的接触手段66を介して、閉止ラック45の遠方端に位置する第のポール18aと通じ、電気的接触子62とは電気的に絶縁されたディスク状接触子67に連結される。
【0040】
本体16の遠方端に位置して第1のポール52と接続するディスク状接触子63は、ワイヤや他の電気的手段64と電気的に通ずる。接触手段64は、チャネル39を通して、第1のポール52と接触する末端効果器50の顎32にまで延びる。ディスク状接触子63は、このディスク状接触子63と電気的接触手段64の間に接触が保たれている間、ノブ15を回転させる。電気的接触手段64は、シース38とは電気的に絶縁される。
【0041】
クランプ用トリガ12が作動されると、閉止ラック45は、電気的接触子62がディスク状接触子63と電気的に連通し、又第2のポール18aと接続するディスク状接触子67が導電シース38と電気的に接触するよう、遠方側に移動する。シース38は、復帰電極として働く導電性アンビル18のカム面27の上方を移動する。したがって、電気回路は、クランプ用トリガ12が閉止した場合にのみ閉路となる。
【0042】
操作に当っては、装置10の末端効果器50は、切断する予定の組織の位置に置かれる。顎32,34は、ボタンばね71を緩めて閉止ラック45を手前側に移動させるリリースボタン70を押すと開く。組織はついで、顎3234の互いに向かい合う各対向面3536の間に置かれる。クランプ用トリガ12を引くと、シース38はカム面27の上方を移動し、顎32,34を閉じ、同時に上述の電気回路を閉路とする。一体となって隆起56を形成する電極棒53,54と絶縁材55は、顎34の対向面35に対して組織を押しつける。ユーザは次いで、フットスイッチ65又は他のスイッチを使って、発電装置60から高周波を印加する。電流は、第1のポール52(すなわち電極棒53,54)と第2のポール18a(すなわちアンビル18)の間で圧縮された組織を通じて流れる。
【0043】
双極エネルギー源は、300KHz乃至3MHzの高周波エネルギーを与える低インピーダンス源である。好ましくは、組織に印加される電流は0.1アンペア乃至1.5アンペア、電圧は30ボルトRMS乃至200ボルトRMSがよい。
【0044】
高周波(RF)エネルギーの供給を遮断すべき十分な焼灼が起こった時点を知らせる聴取可能、目視可能、接触可能又は他のフィードバックシステムも用いることができる。RFエネルギーが遮断されると、切断手段11は前進し、射出用トリガ14を使ってステープラ針100が射出される。射出は、回動軸14aの周りで回転するレバーアームとして働く射出用トリガ14を回転させることによって行うことができる。駆動手段44は、切断手段11とウェッジ13を前進させる。切断手段11は、焼灼が行われた電極棒5354の間で、組織を切断する。したがって、切断線は、電極棒53、54によって形成され凝塊線の横にある。ウェッジ13は、同時にドライバ(駆動装置)24をステープラ針100にまで進め、ステープラ針100を組織を貫通して、アンビル18のポケット36,37の中にまで射出する。ステープラ針100は、切断手段11が組織を切断するとき、切断手段11の各側に二つの二重列として適用される。
【0045】
直線状ステープラ装置10の操作方法は、業界で知られており、例えば米国特許第4,608,981号及び同第4,633,874号ならびに米国特許出願第07/917,636に記載されている。
【0046】
上述の二重列を一重列に代えて、カートリッジがステープラ針を多重射出できるようにした態様もある。今日用いられている腹腔鏡手術用ステープラ止め・切断装置においては、単射出の入れ替え可能カートリッジが使用されている。よりよい止血を行うためには、この型のステープラ装置は、互いに平行なステープラ針の二重列を与えるように設計された。ステープラ針の二重列を収めるのに必要なスペースの関係から(ステープラ針を積み重ねるためにさらにスペースが要求されるため)、ステープラ針を積み重ねた再射出可能なカートリッジは好ましくなかった。ステープラ針を多重射出する態様においては、ステープラ針は、単一列が使用される。ステープラ針の単一列を使うと、ステープラ針の第2の列で占められていたスペースにステープラ針を積み重ねることができ、多重射出が可能になる。さらに別の態様においては、ステープラ針は必要でなく、電流を通す導線が必要な止血を行う。
【0047】
本発明の好ましい態様においては、所望又は所定の程度の凝塊がいつ得られたかを示すように設計したフィードバックシステムを用いる。これは、凝塊ゾーンがユーザに見えない場合に、特に有用である。この態様においては、フィードバックシステムは、凝塊の程度を包含するシステムの電気的なパラメータを測定する。
【0048】
このフィードバックシステムはまた、凝塊ゾーン又はこの近傍で、凝塊の程度を示す組織の特性を調べることができる。電気的なエネルギーが印加される組織の電気的なインピーダンスは、凝塊の程度を示すのにも用いられる。一般に、エネルギーが組織に印加されると、インピーダンスは最初減少し、ついで凝塊が生じると上昇し出す。電気的な組織インピーダンスの経時変化と凝塊の関係の例は、Vaellfors、Bertil、Bergdahl及びBjoernによる"Automatically controlled Bipolar Electrocoagulation",Neurosurg.Rev.第187〜190頁(1984年)に記載されている。又、組織の乾燥が起こっても、インピーダンスは増加する。高電圧を過大に印加したときに生ずる組織の炭化や装置への付着は、組織のインピーダンス特性に基づくフィードバックシステムを用いれば、防ぐことができる。凝塊を示す他の組織特性としては、温度と光の反射率がある。
【0049】
図10のフローチャートは、本発明の好ましい態様で実行されるフィードバックシステムを示す。最初に、組織にエネルギーを印加する。ついで、組織に印加したシステム電流と電圧を測定する。インピーダンスの値を算出し、格納する。インピーダンス、インピーダンスの変化及びその変化率を含むインピーダンスの関数に基づいて、所望の凝塊が得られたかどうかを決定する。もし所定又は所望の程度の凝塊が生じているならば、指示手段が、エネルギーの印加を停止すべき旨を指示する。そのような指示手段としては、可視光、聴取可能な音又は接触可能なインジケータなどがある。このフィードバック手段は、発電装置を制御して、所定のインピーダンス値でエネルギーの送給を停止することもできる。これとは異なる態様においては、音の大きさがインピーダンス値によって変化する聴取可能な連続音を使う。さらには、インピーダンスが、正常な場合の最小値を下回ったり、最大値を超えた場合に、誤差や装置の誤作動を示す誤差指示装置を付加することもできる。
【0050】
図11〜14は、末端効果器のもう一つの構成を示す。図11においては、第1のポール152と第2のポール151はともに、アンビル118を有する同じ顎132に位置する。U字形の第1のポール152は、ナイフチャネル142を形成する。U字形の絶縁体155は、第1のポール152が第2のポール151から電気的に絶縁されるよう、対向面133の上を除いて、第1のポール152を囲む。圧縮起156は、電気的な不導体材料からつくられるカートリッジの上に形成される。隆起156は、組織圧縮ゾーンを形成するため、組織を、第1のポール152と絶縁体155に対して押しつける。
【0051】
図12において、第1のポール252と第2のポール251はともに、アンビル218を有する同じ顎232の上に位置する。第1のポール252と第2のポール251はそれぞれ、ナイフチャネル242の両側に位置する。絶縁体255は、ポール251と252を、これらが互いに電気的に離隔されるよう、対向面233の上を除いて取り囲む。圧縮用の隆起256は、組織圧縮ゾーンを形成するため、組織をポール251,252と絶縁体255に対して押しつける。
【0052】
図13において、第2のポール318は、アンビル318からなる顎332し、他方第1のポール352はカートリッジ323上に位置する。U字形の第1のポール352は、ナイフチャネル326を形成し、絶縁体355aによって包囲される。U字形の絶縁体355bは、顎332にナイフチャネル342を形成する。顎332は、絶縁体355bを除き、第2のポール318の材料となった導電体から形成される。第1のポール352と絶縁体355aは、圧縮ゾーンを形成するため、組織を顎332の対向面333に対して押しつける圧縮用の隆起356を形成する。絶縁体355bは、両顎332,334が閉じたとき第1のポール352と第2のポール318が接するのを防ぐのに十分な幅を有する。
【0053】
図14において、第1のポール452と第2のポール451はともに、カートリッジ423を有する顎434の上に位置する。これら第1のポール452と第2のポール451はそれぞれ、互いに反対側にあって、カートリッジ423を貫くナイフチャネル426を形成する。絶縁体455aは、ポール451,452が互いに電気的に絶縁されるよう、対向面435の上を除いてポール451,452を取り囲む。カートリッジ423の上には、圧縮用の隆起456は形成され、組織を、顎432の対向面433上にある絶縁体455bに押しつけることによって圧縮ゾーンを形成する。
【0054】
図15はもう一つの態様を示す。第1及び第2のポール551,552及びナイフチャネル542は、第1のポール551と第2のポール552がそれぞれ、ナイフチャネルの長さ方向に沿って互い違いに配置した電気的に接続した電極(これら電極の間には絶縁材料を配置する)を含むことを除いて、図12と同じ配置をとる。
【0055】
図16は、図15の互い違いに配置した電極を示すが、ここでは、第1のポール652と第2のポール651が、ナイフチャネル642の各側において、ナイフチャネル642の長さ方向に沿って交互に配置されている。
【0056】
図17及び図18は、第1のポール751と第2のポール752がそれぞれ、互い違いの電極を備えるもう一つの態様を示す。この態様においては、第1のポール752は、ナイフチャネル26の各側に沿って互い違いに配置され、カートリッジ723の上に形成された圧縮用の隆起756上に位置する。第2のポール751は、顎732の対向面733上のナイフチャネル742の各側に沿って互い違いに配置される。図18から分るように、ポール751,752は垂直に整列しているが、図17にあるように、両顎732と734が閉じたときは、両ポール751,752が絶縁体755a,755bによって互いに電気的に離隔されるように、食い違っている。
【0057】
図19は、末端効果器50のもう一つの態様を示す。第1のポール852と第2のポール851はともに、アンビル818を有する顎832上に位置する。第1のポール852は、圧縮ゾーンにおいて組織を圧縮する隆起856を形成し、対向面833上に位置する。第2のポール851は、アンビル818の片側に位置するが、対向面833上にはない。
【0058】
図20及び図21は、本発明に係るステープラ止め手段の付いた円形カッタを示す。図20は、対向面933を備えたステープラカートリッジ900を示す。ステープラ針が組織に送り込まれるときに通過する穴901の二重列は、面932の外縁の周りで互い違いになっている。第1のポール952は、対向面933の内縁に囲まれている。絶縁体955は、第1のポール952を、穴901を囲む対向面933の一部933aから電気的に隔離する。穴901の一部933aは、導電体から形成され、第2のポールとして働く。円形の切断手段911は、カートリッジ900の中で、対向面933の内縁から内側に径方向にくぼんでいる。
【0059】
図21は、ステープラ針を収めるポケット937と、組織を図20に示す第1のポール952とカートリッジ900の絶縁体に対して押しつける圧縮用の隆起956の付いたアンビル918を示す。切断手段911は、米国特許第5,104,025号に記載された円形ステープラ装置と同じようにして操作される。しかし、ステープラ止めと切断の前に、組織溶接のための電流が、第1のポール952と対向面933の一部933aの間を通って組織に送られる。
【0060】
もう一つの態様においては、切断手段911は、ステープラ針なしで使う。すなわち、電流を二つのポール952、933aを通して送り、組織を溶接・凝塊させ、ついで吻合術などのように組織を切断するため切断手段911を進める。
【0061】
装置10の両顎32、34、例えば末端効果器50の顎32,34は、操作するときは、取扱う組織の周りで閉じる。そして、顎32,34の間に挟まれた組織は、ここで述べたようにして圧迫される。
【0062】
本発明のいくつかの変形例は、内視鏡を使った切断とステープラ止めを行う二つの態様において説明した。当然のことながら、本発明は、止血が必要な多くの場合に適用することができる。したがって、当業者ならば、特許請求の範囲に記載した本発明の範囲及びこれと均等な中で、種々の変更・修正をなし得るであろう。
【0063】
本発明の具体的な実施態様は、以下の通りである。
(A)末端効果器を有する電気手術装置であって、
前記末端効果器は送られてくる双極エネルギーを受け取ることができ、
またこの末端効果器は、体組織を間に挟むことができる第1及び第2の相対向する対向面と、
前記装置に配置されて、作動されたときは、前記第1の対向面を軸方向に貫いて延びるように設けられた第1のスロットに収められて、前記末端効果器に係合された組織を切断する切断要素と、
少なくとも一列のステープラ針と、このステープラ針を前記末端効果器に係合された組織に適用する少なくとも一個の駆動装置を具備するカートリッジであって、このカートリッジは、前記切断要素を収めるための軸方向に延びる第2のスロットを含み、これら第1及び第2のスロットは前記切断要素を前記少なくとも一列になったステープラ方向と直交する方向に移動させるよう配置され、またこのカートリッジは前記第2の対向面の少なくとも一部を形成するカートリッジと、 前記ステープラ針を当接させて、このステープラ針を変形させるためのアンビルであって、前記第1の対向面の少なくとも一部をなすアンビルと、
前記第1の対向面上に位置して、電気的に互いに反対の電極を備えた電気的に離隔された第1及び第2のポールであって、前記第1のポールは前記第1のスロットの両側に互いにほぼ平行に配置された第1及び第2の長手の電極を備え、前記第2のポールは前記アンビル上に配置された電極を備えた、第1及び第2のポールと、
前記第1の対向面から延びる第1及び第2の圧縮用隆起であって、前記第1及び第2の電極はこの第1及び第2の隆起の少なくとも一部をなす、第1及び第2の圧縮用隆起と、
前記第2の対向面から延びる第3及び第4の電気的に絶縁性の圧縮用隆起と、 前記第1及び第2の圧縮用隆起上にあって、約0.020インチの幅を有する第1の組織接触面と、
前記第3及び第4の圧縮用隆起上にあって、約0.020インチの幅を有する第2の組織接触面と、
前記第1のポールを前記第2のポールと離隔する絶縁された凹部領域であって、約0.020インチの幅を有し、前記アンビルをなす前記第1の対向面の一部とほぼ同じ高さのくぼんだ組織接触面を有する凹部領域を具備する電気手術装置。
(1)前記第1及び第2の電極は、前記第1の対向面上において互い違いに配置された、電気的に互いに接続した一連の電極領域を含む実施態様(A)記載の電気手術装置。
(2)前記一個又はそれ以上の第1の電極は比較的円形の電極を一つ含んで前記第1の対向面の外縁上に位置し、また前記切断線は前記比較的円形の電極から径方向の内側に位置する実施態様(A)記載の電気手術装置。
(B) 電気手術装置であって、
ハンドルと、
前記ハンドルに連結された作動手段と、
前記作動手段の遠方端に連結された末端効果器と、
双極エネルギー源から前記末端効果器に双極電気エネルギーを通ずる手段を備え、
前記末端効果器は、
体組織を間に挟むことができる第1及び第2の相対向する対向面と、
前記装置に配置されて、作動されたときは、前記第1の対向面を軸方向に貫いて延びるように設けられた第1のスロットに収められて、前記末端効果器に合された組織を切断する切断要素と、
少なくとも一列のステープラ針と、このステープラ針を前記末端効果器に係合された組織に適用する少なくとも一個の駆動装置を具備するカートリッジであって、このカートリッジは、前記切断要素を収めるための軸方向に延びる第2のスロットを含み、これら第1及び第2のスロットは前記切断要素を前記少なくとも一列になったステープラ方向と直交 する方向に移動させるよう配置され、またこのカートリッジは前記第2の対向面の少なくとも一部を形成するカートリ ッジと、
前記ステープラ針を当接させて、このステープラ針を変形させるためのアンビルであって、前記第1の対向面の少なくとも一部をなすアンビルと、
前記第1の対向面上に位置して、電気的に互いに反対の電極を備えた電気的に離隔された第1及び第2のポールであって、前記第1のポールは前記第1のスロットの両側に互いにほぼ平行に配置された第1及び第2の長手の電極を備え、前記第2のポールは前記アンビル上に配置された電極を備えた、第1及び第2のポールと、
前記第1の対向面から延びる第1及び第2の圧縮用隆起であって、前記第1及び第2の電極はこの第1及び第2の隆起の少なくとも一部をなす、第1及び第2の圧縮用隆起と、
前記第2の対向面から延びる第3及び第4の電気的に絶縁性の圧縮用隆起と、前記第1及び第2の圧縮用隆起上にあって、約0.020インチの幅を有する第1の組織接触面と、
前記第3及び第4の圧縮用隆起上にあって、約0.020インチの幅を有する第2の組織接触面と、
前記第1のポールを前記第2のポールと離隔する絶縁された凹部領域であって、約0.020インチの幅を有し、前記アンビルをなす前記第1の対向面の一部とほぼ同じ高さのくぼんだ組織接触面を有する凹部領域を具備する電気手術装置。
(3)前記第1及び第2の電極は、前記第1の対向面上において互い違いに配置された、電気的に互いに接続した一連の電極領域を含む実施態様(B)記載の電気手術装置。
【0064】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、種々の型及び厚さの組織(例えば肉質の組織領域、血管組織領域)あるいは高インピーダンス組織、低インピーダンス組織若しくはその混在した組織について効率的に止血を行うことができる電気手術用止血装置が提供される。又、本発明によれば、これまでよりも、広い組織又は長い組織について同時に焼灼又は溶接を行うことができる双極型止血装置が提供される。さらに、本発明によれば、切断の道筋に沿って組織を溶接乃至焼灼する電気焼灼手段を備えた切断・ステープラ止め装置も提供される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一態様にかかる内視鏡手術用電気焼灼兼直線状ステープラ止め・切断装置の側面図である。
【図2】図1の装置の側方断面図である。
【図3】開放位置にある図1の装置の遠方端の一部断面図である。
【図4】閉止・非射出位置にある図1の装置の遠方端の一部断面図である。
【図5】閉止・射出位置にある図1の装置の遠方端の一部断面図である。
【図6】図4の線6−6の断面図である。
【図7】図1の装置のアンビル・顎部の底面図である。
【図8】図1の装置のカートリッジの平面図である。
【図9】図7の線9−9の断面図である。
【図10】本発明におけるフィードバックシステムを示すフローチャートである。
【図11】本発明のもう一つの態様に係る末端効果器の正面断面図である。
【図12】本発明のさらに別の態様に係る末端効果器の正面断面図である。
【図13】本発明のさらに別の態様に係る末端効果器の正面断面図である。
【図14】本発明のさらに別の態様に係る末端効果器の正面断面図である。
【図15】本発明のもう一つの態様に係るアンビルの底面図である。
【図16】本発明のもう一つの態様に係るアンビルの底面図である。
【図17】本発明のもう一つの態様に係る装置の遠方端の断面図である。
【図18】図17の末端効果器の正面断面図である。
【図19】本発明のもう一つの態様に係る末端効果器の正面断面図である。
【図20】本発明に係る円形カッタのカートリッジの平面図である。
【図21】本発明に係る円形カッタのアンビルの底面図である。
【図22】本発明のさらに別の態様に係る末端効果器の断面図である。

Claims (5)

  1. 末端効果器(50)を有する電気手術装置(10)において、
    前記末端効果器(50)
    体組織を間に挟むことができるとともに、送られてくる双極エネルギーを受け取ることができる、相対向する第1及び第2の対向(33、35)と、
    切断手段(11)を収めるために前記第1の対向(33)を貫いて当該対向面の長さ方向に延びる第1のスロット(42)と
    記切断手段(11)を収めるために前記第2の対向面(35)を貫いて当該対向面の長さ方向に延びる第2のスロット(26)と、
    記第1の対向(33)の少なくとも一部(33a)構成する、アンビル(18)と、
    前記第1の対向(33)上に位置して電気的に離隔された第1及び第2のポール(52、18a)であって、前記第1のポール(52)前記第1のスロット(42)の両側に互いにほぼ平行に配置され電気的に接続された細長い第1及び第2の電(53、54)を含み、前記第2のポール(18a)は前記アンビル(18)上に配置された電極を含む、第1及び第2のポール(52、18a)と、
    前記第1の対向(33)から延びる第1の圧縮用隆起(56)であって、前記第1及び第2の電極(53、54)前記1の圧縮用隆起(56)の少なくとも一部を含む、第1の圧縮用隆起(56)と、
    前記第2の対向(35)から延びる、電気的に絶縁性の第2の圧縮用隆起(92)と、
    前記第1の圧縮用隆起(56)上にあって、約0.020インチ(0.51mm)の幅を有する第1の組織接触面(90)と、
    前記第2の圧縮用隆起(92)上にあって、約0.020インチ(0.51mm)の幅を有する第2の組織接触面と、
    前記第1のポール(52)を前記第2のポール(18a)から電気的に離隔するための第1の後退した絶縁領域(55)であって、約0.020インチ(0.51mm)の幅の第1の後退した組織接触面(80)を有する、第1の後退した絶縁領域(55)と、
    前記第2の対向面(35)上の前記第1の後退した絶縁領域(55)に対向する第2の後退した絶縁領域であって、約0.020インチ(0.51mm)の幅の第2の後退した組織接触面を有する、第2の後退した絶縁領域と、
    を具備する電気手術装置(10)
  2. 請求項1に記載の電気手術装置(10)において、
    前記第1及び第2の電極(53、54)は、前記第1の対向面(33)上において互い違いに配置され電気的に互いに接続された一連の電極領域を含む、電気手術装置(10)。
  3. 請求項1に記載の電気手術装置(10)において、
    前記第1及び第2の電極(53、54)は、相対的に円形の電極を一つ含んで前記第1の対向面(33)の外縁上に位置し、
    前記切断手段(11)は前記相対的に円形の電極から径方向の内側に位置する、電気手術装置(10)。
  4. 本体(16)と、前記本体(16)に連結された作動手段(44)と、前記作動手段(44)の遠方端に連結された末端効果器(50)と、双極エネルギー源(60)から前記末端効果器(50)に双極エネルギーを通ずる手段(19、20、61、62、66、67)とを備えた、電気手術装置(10)において、
    前記末端効果器(50)は、
    体組織を間に挟むことができるとともに、送られてくる双極エネルギーを受け取ることができる、相対向する第1及び第2の対向(33、35)と、
    切断手段(11)を収めるために前記第1の対向(33)を貫いて当該対向面の長さ方向に延る、第1のスロット(42)と、
    記切断手段(11)を収めるために前記第2の対向面(35)を貫いて当該対向面の長さ方向に延びる第2のスロット(26)と
    記第1の対向(33)の少なくとも一部(33a)構成する、アンビル(18)と、
    前記第1の対向(33)上に位置して電気的に離隔された第1及び第2のポール(52、18a)であって、前記第1のポール(52)は前記第1のスロット(42)の両側に互いにほぼ平行に配置され電気的に接続された細長い第1及び第2の電(53、54)を含み、前記第2のポール(18a)は前記アンビル(18)上に配置された電極を含む、第1及び第2のポール(52、18a)と、
    前記第1の対向(33)から延びる第1の圧縮用隆起(56)であって、前記第1及び第2の電極(53、54)前記1の圧縮用隆起(56)の少なくとも一部を含む、第1の圧縮用隆起(56)と、
    前記第2の対向(35)から延びる、電気的に絶縁性の第2の圧縮用隆起(92)と、
    前記第1の圧縮用隆起(56)上にあって、約0.020インチ(0.51mm)の幅を有する第1の組織接触面(90)と、
    前記第の圧縮用隆起(92)上にあって、約0.020インチ(0.51mm)の幅を有する第2の組織接触面と、
    前記第1のポール(52)を前記第2のポール(18a)から電気的に離隔するための第1の後退した絶縁領域(55)であって、約0.020インチ(0.51mm)の幅の第1の後退した組織接触面(80)を有する、第1の後退した絶縁領域(55)と、
    前記第2の対向面(35)上の前記第1の後退した絶縁領域(55)に対向する第2の後退した絶縁領域であって、約0.020インチ(0.51mm)の幅の第2の後退した組織接触面を有する、第2の後退した絶縁領域と、
    を具備する電気手術装置(10)
  5. 請求項4に記載の電気手術装置(10)において、
    前記第1及び第2の電極(53、54)は、前記第1の対向面(33)上において互い違いに配置され電気的に互いに接続された一連の電極領域を含む、電気手術装置(10)。
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US5810811A (en) 1998-09-22
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DE69834596T2 (de) 2007-04-26
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