JP3857347B2 - 凹型および/または食い違い電極を備えた電気手術用止血装置 - Google Patents
凹型および/または食い違い電極を備えた電気手術用止血装置 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、1993年7月22日出願の米国特許出願第095,797 号および1993年7月22日出願の米国特許出願第096,154 号の一部継続出願である。
【0002】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、外科手術、特に内視鏡手術における焼灼、凝集および/または組織融着用の電気手術具に関する。
【0003】
【従来の技術】
組織の切断が必要な外科手術は、切断箇所において出血を伴う。そこで、この出血を制御するため、目的達成の程度は異なるが、例えば縫合、血管のクリップ止め、ホチキス止め、電気焼灼その他の組織加熱法など、様々な技術が開発されてきた。また、組織の接合あるいは融着、組織の修復および創傷の閉止における進歩により、以前は不可能あるいは危険が大き過ぎた手術も行えるようになった。
【0004】
外科用ホチキス装置は、組織の切断時に止血を行う目的で、組織の固定、接着および近置のために使用されてきた。このような装置には、例えば切断線が直線状となる切断装置(線形切断装置)および円形状の切断装置を兼用するホチキス装置がある。線形切断装置兼用のホチキス装置は、典型的には平行なステープル(ホチキス針)列とこれらの間に、切断手段が行き来するスロットをもつ。この型の外科用ホチキス装置は、組織の切断を円滑に行い、組織の複数の層をうまく接合し切断手段がステープル平行列の間を行き来して切断を行うとき、ステープルの平行列を切断線の周囲の組織層に適用することにより止血を行う。
【0005】
組織と血管を加熱して組織の凝集・焼灼を生じさせる止血を行う場合には、電気焼灼装置が使用されてきた。単極装置は、切断あるいは焼灼装置に接続した一個の電極と、通常患者に体外から付着させる遠隔帰路電極を用いる。最近では、双極装置も使用されているが、この双極装置においては、焼灼電流が装置の組織取扱い部分にある二つの電極の間にある組織だけに限定的に流れる。
【0006】
様々な手術における切断、凝集には、双極鉗子が用いられている。双極鉗子は、一般に組織を二つの極の間に挟み、この挟んだ組織を通じて電流を印加する。しかし、双極鉗子は、組織の厚さが薄い場合に電流が二つの極の間でアーク放電を起こしやすく、二つの極が互いに触れ合った場合には短絡を起こすなど、いくつか欠点があり、その他にも、この鉗子を凝集用に使用するには高度な技術を要すること、また組織を広範囲にわたって同時に焼灼することができないなどの難点もある。さらに、双極鉗子は、熱拡散、すなわち熱が鉗子の把持あるいは係合面で区画される領域の外に散逸してしまう傾向もある。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、本発明は、様々な種類および厚さの組織、例えば筋肉組織と管状組織、あるいは高インピーダンス組織と低インピーダンス組織もしくは高インピーダンス部分と低インピーダンス部分を含む組織について効率的に止血を行うことができる電気手術装置を提供することを目的とする。本明細書において「止血」とは、組織の凝集、焼灼および/または組織の接合・融着による出血の停止をいう。
【0008】
本発明はまた、従来の装置よりも組織の広い範囲あるいは長い組織を同時に焼灼ないし融着できる電気手術用止血装置を提供することも目的とする。
【0009】
本発明はさらに、所望の電流路、好ましくは強く圧縮した組織領域を通る電流路を確保するため、食い違いおよび/または凹型電極を配置して、制御可能な路を提供することも目的とする。本明細書では、「食い違い電極」とは、インターフェース面からみて互いに径方向には対向していない電極をいう。他方、「凹型電極」とは、組織への接触面(インターフェース面あるいは対向面の一方を指す)からは後退した電極をいう。
【0010】
本発明のもう一つの目的は、一もしくはそれ以上の長手電極もしくは棒電極を有する電気手術装置を提供することである。
【0011】
本発明のさらなる目的は、組織を分断する切断手段の切断線に隣接して凝集線を与える止血手段を提供することである。
【0012】
そして、本発明は、切断線に添って組織融着あるいは焼灼を行う電気焼灼手段を有する切断・ホチキス装置を提供することも目的とする。
【0013】
本発明の上述の目的は、組織を間に挟む相対向するインターフェース面および、これら相対向するインターフェース面の一方もしくは両方に位置する二つの電気的に互いに反対の電極であって、電気的に互いに反対の極に対応する二つの電極を備えた終端効果器を具備する電気手術装置によって達成される。両電極は、インターフェース面からみて互いに食い違っている。すなわち、両電極は、インターフェース面の一方もしくは両方の上で、径方向には互いに相対向しないように、互いに食い違っている。もし両電極が同じインターフェース面上にあるときは、これらは、絶縁材料あるいは、両電極を電気的に絶縁する絶縁材(空隙を含む)によって互いに離隔される。
【0014】
好ましい態様における電気手術装置は、第1および第2のインターフェース面の間の圧縮ゾーンにおいて組織を圧縮し、電気エネルギーを圧縮ゾーンを通して印加する。第1のインターフェース面は、双極エネルギー源の第1の極に対応する第1の電極と、双極エネルギー源の第2の極に対応する第2の電極から構成される。第2の電極は、第1の電極と同じインターフェース面あるいは対向するインターフェース面に設置される。好ましい態様においては、圧縮ゾーンは、組織を他のインターフェース面に対して圧縮する一つのインターフェース面上で圧縮稜線によって区画される領域である。両方のインターフェース面上に圧縮稜線を設けることもできる。凝集ゾーンは、第1の電極、第2の電極、そして第1の電極を第2の電極から絶縁する絶縁材によって区画される。このような配置にすると、二つの極を電気的に絶縁させ、第1および第2電極の間の電流路を、圧縮された組織の所望の領域を横切るようにできる。
【0015】
組織を圧縮すると、インピーダンスの差異をもたらすおそれのある組織における構造的な差異を減少させ、組織のインピーダンスを正常なものにできると考えられる。また、組織を圧縮すると、血流を有効に止め、特に静脈、動脈その他の血管中を流れるときヒートシンクとして働く血液や他の間隙性の体液を押し出すことができる。組織を強く圧縮すると、このエネルギー供給電極と接触しながら圧縮された組織を通じて送られる電流の密度が高くなると考えられる。したがって、組織を圧縮すると、血流に伴う熱の境界を越えて生じる過剰の分散が防止され、他方高い電流密度の電流を組織の制御領域へ迅速に送られることにもよって、組織へのエネルギーの供給量が最適になると考えられる。
【0016】
電極の配置は、二つの極の間を通過する電流を圧縮ゾーンを確実に通過させる上で重要である。また、本発明は、電気的には反対の両極を絶縁させる、すなわち装置のインターフェース面面からみて互いに食い違わせる(offsetting)こと、および/または一もしくはそれ以上の組織接触電極を装置内で後退させることを可能にする。その結果、後退した電極は高圧縮ゾーンで組織に接触し、かつ装置の極に短絡を生じたり、あるいは双極装置によく見られるアーク放電を起こしたりすることなく、この組織の圧縮を可能にする。
【0017】
このように、本発明においては、組織の圧縮と電極の配置により、効率的な焼灼を可能にし、また組織インピーダンス、組織の厚さおよび組織の血管分布の広い範囲に対応して止血を達成する。
【0018】
本発明はまた、切断線もしくは切断の道筋に沿って、あるいはこれを横切る方向に組織を凝集させることが可能な装置を提供する。一つの態様においては、第1の電極と第2の電極がそれぞれ、焼灼する組織を圧縮する稜線を形成する絶縁材の横隣および両側に長手の電極を含む。
【0019】
好ましい態様においては、組織切断用の切断手段は装置に組み込まれ、この装置は、切断手段の道筋に隣接して止血線を形成する。もちろん、切断は、焼灼あるいは融着の前後、あるいはその最中のいつでも行うことができる。この態様に変形として、ホチキス止め手段を、切断の道筋の片側あるいは両側に設けることができる。
【0020】
一態様においては、指示手段は、ユーザに対して、組織が所望の程度あるいは所定の段階まで焼灼されたことを伝える。
【0021】
一態様においては、ステープル、クリップ、生体吸収性ファスナなど一もしくはそれ以上の組織ファスナ、およびステープルを組織に差し込むドライバのような、ファスナを適用するアプライヤ(applier) を使用しながら、電気手術エネルギーが印加される。
【0022】
もう一つの態様においては、凝集は、機械的な切断、すなわち切断手段の軌道前に行う。指示手段を用いるときは、一旦組織が凝集してから、ステープル列を組織に適用しながら、長手棒電極の対の間で切断手段を起動させる。
【0023】
また別の態様においては、止血装置は、線形切断兼ホチキス止め装置に類似した線形の切断装置に組み込まれる。この態様においては、止血装置は、二本の長手棒電極と、装置の終端効果器に係合した組織を切断する切断手段用のスロットを備える。また、治療の間機械的な組織の固定と近置のため、一もしくはそれ以上のステープル列をスロットの各側に設けることもできる。操作時には、組織を二つの顎の間に挟む。組織焼灼用の電気エネルギーは、高周波の形で圧縮された組織に適用される。通常の切断兼管腔挿入型の円形切断装置など他の切断・ホチキス装置も、同様に使用することができる。
【0024】
所定の範囲から外れた異常インピーダンスあるいは他の電気的パラメータを検出する装置を提供する他の態様もある。このような検出手段は、例えば、良好な凝集を与える範囲から外れたインピーダンスを示す組織に装置が適用されているとき、これを知らせるのに用いることができる。これはまた、他の装置の異常を検出するのにも用いられる。異常な状態は、例えば、インターフェースの電子機器において組織インピーダンスの初期値と比較することによって検出することができる。これは、RFエネルギーを適用して最初の数ミリ秒で感知され、有意な治療用のエネルギーを与えることはない。また、治療用エネルギーを与える前に低電圧信号を使用することによっても検出は可能である。インピーダンスが所定の範囲を外れた場合には警告を発する警戒機構を用いることもできる。装置の再設置の際には、同じ測定基準が適用され、組織インピーダンスが再び所定範囲を外れている場合は、ユーザはサイド傾向を受ける。この過程は、正常な範囲のインピーダンスが得られ、良好な凝集が期待できるようになるまで続けられる。
【0025】
【発明の実施の形態】
これら本発明の目的は、以下の添付の図面を参照した詳細な説明により理解できるであろう。
【0026】
本発明は、単極、双極および多極(一つの極から他の極へ所定の位相関係をもった波形の形でエネルギーを送る二つ以上の治療用電極を含むもの)の電極を備えた、内視鏡手術用の装置あるいは従来の手術用の装置を含む多様な電気手術装置に適用することができるが、本明細書では内視鏡手術用双極線形切断兼ホチキス装置について述べる。
【0027】
線形切断兼ホチキス装置の操作方法は業界では知られているが、例えば米国特許第4,608,981 号および同第4,633,874 号ならびに米国特許出願第07/917,636号に記載されている。
【0028】
図1〜17は、インピーダンスフィードバック装置と接続して用いられる本発明の装置を示す。内視鏡手術用線形切断兼ホチキス装置10は、管腔を有する鞘30に連結されたハウジング16と、鞘30の遠方端から延びる終端効果器15を備える。終端効果器15は、第1および第2の要素、すなわち相対向する顎部材32と34を具備する。顎部材32は、顎部材34に対し可動的に取り付けられる。ハウジング16は、顎部材32,34を閉止するクランプトリガ12、RF(高周波)スイッチのつめアーム58、RFエネルギーを導入するため電気スイッチ59に接続する電気スイッチ接触片67a,67b、および切断要素11を組織とステープル装着用のウェッジ(くさび)13を通して進める射出トリガ14を備える。顎部材32,34は、図1においては、非クランプ位置にある。また、図2においては、電気手術用エネルギーを印加する前であって、切断とホチキス止めを行う前のクランプ状態を示してある。さらに、図3には、電気エネルギーを印加した後で切断とホチキス止めを行う前のクランプ状態を示してある。そして、図4には、切断とホチキス止めを行った後のクランプ状態を示してある。
【0029】
顎部材32は、アンビル18、顎部材32の長さ方向に沿って延びるU字形治療用電極39、および治療用電極39の外側を包囲するU字形絶縁材料31を備える。顎部材32は、顎部材34の内面35とほぼ対向する内面33を含む。U字形電極39は、第1の極を形成し、内面33上にあって、ほぼこの長さ方向に沿って延びる二本の電気的に連絡する棒電極37と38を備える。U字形電極39は、アルミニウムあるいは外科用グレードのステンレススチールなどの導体からつくられる。U字形絶縁体は、ポリフェニレンオキシドなどのポリマーからつくるのが好ましい。棒電極27と28は、電極39の中央部を通って長手方向に延びるナイフチャネル29によって離隔される。アンビル18上にあってステープルの端部を収めるポケット36は、電極39の各側にステープルの列を形成するよう、内面33に沿って、また棒電極27,28の外側に長さ方向に沿って設置される。棒電極27,28と絶縁材31は、内面33(図16)のアンビル部33aから延び出る隆起線56を形成する。電極39は、双極組織処置・治療システムの第1の極として働く。一方、アンビル18は、導電体からつくられ、双極組織処置・治療システムの第2の極として働くが、このアンビルは、処置電極39とは電気的に反対の極をなす。アンビル18は、U字形絶縁材31により、電極39から電気的に離隔される。
【0030】
顎部材34は、カートリッジチャネル22と、このカートリッジチャネル22に取り外し可能に挿入されたカートリッジ23を備える。カートリッジ23は、ウェッジ用のトラック25、カートリッジ23の中心を通って長手方向に延びるナイフチャネル26、トラック25まで延びる一連のドライバ、および1列2セットに形成されたステープル17を備える。
【0031】
鞘30は、絶縁材料からつくられ、この管腔を通って延びる導電性の閉止チューブ38を備える。好ましい態様においては、閉止チューブ38は、顎閉止チューブおよび電気接触子として働く。チャネル保持器27aは閉止チューブ38の手前端から延び、顎部材34を形成するようこの閉止チューブ38の残りの部分を通って遠方側に延びるチャネル37に固定される。チャネル17は、閉止チューブ38から遠方側に延びるカートリッジチャネル22を有する。
【0032】
本体16は、顎部材32,34が組織を間に挟みながらお互いの方向に向けて閉止するよう、これら閉止チューブ38を押し進めるためのクランプトリガ12を具備する。クランプトリガ12が回転すると、閉止チューブ38は、顎部材32のカム面32aの上方を鞘30を通りながら同軸的に前進し、顎部材32,34をこれらの間に位置する組織を把持するよう閉止させる。
【0033】
チャネル保持器37aは、ドライブロッド41のチャネル37内での同軸的な移動を案内する。ドライブロッド41は、以下に詳述するように、射出トリガ14の回転によって押し進められる。ドライブロッド41は、その遠方端において、ブロック43に連結される。ブロック43は切断手段11とドライブ用ウェッジ13に連結され、ドライブロッド41はブロック43によって終端効果器15の内部まで押し進められる。ウェッジガイド46は、ウェッジ13をトラック25まで案内するのに用いられる。顎部材32は、チャネル37によって顎部材34に固定される。
【0034】
組織がすでに焼灼されているときは、ドライブロッド41が切断要素11を押し進めると、切断要素11は、棒電極27と28の間を、両顎部材32と34によって把持された組織を切断するよう、内部チャネル26を通って進む。このため、切断線は、棒電極27と28によって形成された二本の凝集線の中央に位置する。ドライブロッド41は同時に、ブロック43を押し進めるため、ドライバ24をステープル17まで駆動させるウェッジ13も進み、ステープル17が組織を貫通して、アンビル18のポケット36まで射出する。ステープル17は、切断要素11が組織を切断するとき、切断要素11の各側に一本の長手の列の形で装着される。
【0035】
本体16の遠方端にあるノブ44は、直接・間接にノブ44に連結した閉止チューブ38、チャネル保持器37a、チャネル37および終端効果器15の各要素を回転させるため、終端効果器にある顎部材32,34の回転させるために用いられる。ノブ44は、閉止チューブ38のへこみ38にぴったり嵌り込むペグ(一種の栓;図示せず)を備える。閉止チューブ38は、その手前端において、ハウジング16にぴったりと合わさる。
【0036】
電気エネルギーは、後述のような接続あるいは米国特許出願第08/095,797号にあるような他の接続手段を介して、電極39とアンビル18,70(図20)に供給される。ゼネレータ70は、ハウジング16にあるRFスイッチ59を使って、ユーザが制御することができる。
【0037】
ワイヤ19aと19bは、装置の本体16まで延び、電極39と18にそれぞれエネルギーを供給する。ワイヤ19aと19bは、低インピーダンスの接触要素20aと20bにそれぞれ接続し、他方これら接触要素20aと20bは、それぞれワイヤ状体47aと47bに接続する。ワイヤ状体47aと47bは、その遠方端48aと48bが剥き出しになっている。ワイヤ状体47aと47bはそれぞれ、閉止チューブ38とチャネル保持器37aの手前端にある接触リング49bに向けて片寄らせてあり、閉止チューブ38およびリング49bとそれぞれ電気的に接触する。
【0038】
ワイヤ19aは、閉止チューブ38が顎部材32,34を閉止するとき、導電性のアンビル18と電気的に接触する導電性の閉止チューブ38とさらに電気的に接触する第1のワイヤ状体47aを介して電流をアンビル18に送る。
【0039】
ワイヤ19bは、接触リング49bに接触する第2のワイヤ状体47bを通して、電極39に電流を送る。接触リング49bは、閉止チューブ38を通して電極39まで延びるワイヤ40bに接続している。
【0040】
閉止チューブ38と接触リング49bは、ノブ44を回転させるが、この間閉止チューブ38、リング49bおよびワイヤ状体47a,47bの間の接触は保たれている。接触リング49bは、閉止チューブ38からは電気的に絶縁される。
【0041】
ワイヤ40bは、チャネル保持器37aにぴったり装着される密封装置45を貫通して延びるが、このチャネル保持器37aも閉止チューブ38にぴったり装着される。
【0042】
クランプトリガ12は、ヨーク66の歯66bに可動的に係合する歯車の歯12aを備える。ヨーク66は、遠方端において閉止チューブ38に接続される。クランプトリガ12が起動されると、歯車の歯12aは、ヨーク66の歯66bに係合して、ヨーク66を遠方側に進める。閉止チューブ38は、顎部材32のカム面32aの上方を進むときに、顎部材32と34を閉止させる。
【0043】
RFスイッチ59は、回転させると、治療用の電極に供給されるべきRFエネルギーを導入する。RFスイッチ59が回転すると、RFスイッチ59にあるつめ59aは、RFスイッチ59をその元の位置まで手で回転して戻さない限り、つめアーム58にあるつめ58aの下方に引っ掛かり、スイッチ59がRFエネルギーの供給を停止することのないようにする。RFエネルギーはまた、電気的に導入を停止させることができる。
【0044】
スイッチ59は、可動性の接触子67aと静止接触子67bを具備する。可動性接触子67aは、スイッチ59を投入すると、スイッチ59とともに回転して、静止接触子67bに接触する。
【0045】
リリースボタン60の棚60aは、ヨーク66の手前端にあるヨーク66に隣接する段差のついた棚66aに係合する。ヨーク66がクランプトリガ12によって押し進められると、棚60aはヨーク66の手前端より後方側へ下方に回転し、リリースボタン60が押されるまで、ヨーク66が後退するのを防ぐ。こうして両顎部32,34は、ユーザがリリースボタン60で両顎部材32,34を開放するまで閉止位置にとどまる。
【0046】
スイッチ59は、ヨーク66の手前端の真上に乗っかるフィンガー59cを備える。リリースボタン60の棚60aは、フィンガー59c間にぴったりと収まる。スイッチ59のフィンガー59cがヨーク66の手前端後方へ自由に回転できるよう、ヨーク66が遠方側に押し進められるまで、RFスイッチ59は起動、すなわち上方に回転されることはない。
【0047】
RFスイッチ59は、射出ラック53の溝53aに係合する下方フック59bを備える。射出ラック53は、射出トリガ15の歯車の歯14aに係合する歯車の歯53bを具備する。射出ラック53は、遠方端で、ピニオンギヤ54に噛み合うが、このピニオンギヤ54はさらにドライブロック41とも係合する。
【0048】
射出トリガ14が引かれると、射出ラック53は遠方側に進み、ピニオン54を回転させるが、このピニオン54は、ドライブロック41を遠方側に進めて切断要素11を起動させ、ステープル17を終端効果器15により把持された組織の中まで押し出す役割を果たす。
【0049】
しかし、射出ラック53は、RFスイッチの下方フック59bが、射出ラック53の溝53aから係合を解除されるまで、前進することができない。これは、RFスイッチ59が起動されたときにのみ起こる。
【0050】
このように、いま説明した装置は、両顎部材32,34が閉止されるまで、RFエネルギーの印加、ステープルあるいはナイフの起動を防止するためのロックアウト装置を具備する。ロックアウト装置が作動するには、図1〜4で説明した適切な手順(すなわち顎の閉止、続いてRFエネルギーの印加、そしてステープルの適用と切断要素の起動)が踏まれることを必要とする。この装置はまた、例えば電気的なフィードバック制御信号をゼネレータ70に送ることによってRFエネルギーの供給が遮断されるまで、RFエネルギーが連続的に印加されるよう、つめ付きのRFスイッチを提供する。
【0051】
閉止トリガ12と射出トリガ14は互いにロック状態にあり、ばね57は両トリガ12,14に機械的に連結される。
【0052】
組織がクランプ状態にある両顎部材32,34の間に係合しており、かつRFエネルギーが印加されたときは、ハウジング16上にある射出トリガ14は、切断要素11を把持された組織を通して進め組織を切断するよう、起動される。同時に、射出トリガ14が起動されると、ウェッジ13はトラック25を通って進められ、ドライバ24をステープル17に向けて変位させる。その結果、ステープル17は組織を貫通して、アンビルのポケット36まで動かされる。
【0053】
一つの態様においては、カートリッジは、現在使われている腹腔鏡手術用ホチキス兼切断装置に装填されるカートリッジにおける公知のステープル二重列に対抗してステープルの単列を備え、ステープル多重射出機能を有する。従来は、止血をよりよく行うという観点から、平行な列それぞれにステープルの二重列を設ける型のホチキス装置が設計されていた。しかし、二重列を収めるにはそれだけで大きなスペースが必要なことから、ステープルのスタック(積み重ねたもの)を備えた再射出可能なカートリッジは、スタック状のステープルを収めるのにさらにスペースと必要となるため、好ましいものではなかった。本発明に係る多射出型ホチキス装置においては、単一のステープル列が採用される。単一のステープル列にすると、従来の二重ステープル列においては第2のステープル列によって占められていたスペースで、ステープルの積み重ね(スタッキング)が可能になる。しかし、本発明の装置は、望むならば、二重、三重等多重のステープル列を装填することもできる。また、本発明の他の態様においては、ステープルは必要なく、電気凝集線が必要な止血あるいは組織融着効果を与える。本明細書では、カートリッジとは、「ステープルを含む機構」を意味するものとする。
【0054】
本発明の好ましい態様は、所望のあるいは所定の組織効果が現れたときは、それを知らせるフィードバックシステムを備える。RFエネルギーの供給を停止すべき十分な焼灼が得られたときにそれを知らせるには、聴取可能、目でとらえることができる、あるいは触ることができるなど他のフィードバックシステムを用いることができる。特別の態様においては、組織特性、例えば凝集完結の程度を決定するため、フィードバックシステムは、システムにおける一もしくはそれ以上の電気的パラメータ、例えば電気エネルギーを印加する組織のインピーダンスを測定する。そのようなフィードバックシステムの例は、本出願人が1994年9月23日に出願した米国特許出願第08/311,297号に記載してある。
【0055】
そのようなフィードバックシステムを用いると、RFエネルギーが遮断された後、切断手段11が前進し、射出トリガ14を用いてステープル17が射出される。
【0056】
つぎに図18〜24は、電極配置が異なる本発明の他の態様を示す。これらの態様に係る装置においては、終端効果器における電極の配置以外の、起動および他の装置要素は、図1〜17にかけて説明したものと同じである。
【0057】
図18において、顎部材132は、第1の極を具備するU字形の第1電極151、第1の電極とは電気的に反対の第2の極を形成する第2のアンビル118、および第1の電極151の露出部分157以外の部分を包囲するU字形絶縁材155を備える。
【0058】
第1の電極151は、導電材料からつくられる二つの電気的に導通する棒電極127,128を具備する。棒電極127と128は、インターフェース面133の一部を形づくるナイフチャネル126によって離隔される。絶縁材155は、ナイフチャネル126の内部でくぼんだ電極151の露出部157を除いて電極が内面133において絶縁されるよう、U字形電極の外側とU字形電極の頂部153,154を包囲する。くぼんだ電極におけるくぼみの程度は、電極の長さ方向に沿って変化する。
【0059】
凹部、すなわちナイフチャネルにねじ込まれた組織はこうして、くぼんだ露出部分157とアンビル118の間に電流の通り道を形成する。
【0060】
顎部材132は、顎部材134の内面とインターフェース面をなす内面133を有する。絶縁材155は、インターフェース面133上で圧縮稜線156を形成する。この装置を使用するときは、組織は顎部132と134の間で係合、近置される。圧縮稜線156は、組織を対向する顎部材134に押しつけて、組織に強く圧縮された領域あるいは圧縮ゾーンを形成する。電極151の凹部露出部分157は、組織が圧縮ゾーンで圧縮されたときは、組織が電極の凹部露出部分157と接触するよう、組織はナイフチャネル126に押し込まれる。組織はまた、アンビル118とも接触する。
【0061】
図19には、終端効果器におけるもう一つの電極配置が示されている。顎部232は、第1の極を含むU字形の第1電極251、アンビル218、および第1電極251を露出部分257を除いて包囲するU字形の絶縁材255を具備する。
【0062】
第1電極251は、二つの電気的に導通する棒電極227,228を具備する。棒電極227と228は、インターフェース面233の一部を形づくるナイフチャネル226によって離隔される。絶縁材255は、ナイフチャネル226の内部でくぼんだ電極251の露出部257を除いて電極が内面233において絶縁されるよう、U字形電極の外側とU字形電極251の頂部253,254を包囲する。絶縁材255は、インターフェース面233上で圧縮稜線256を形成する。
【0063】
第2の顎部部材234は、顎部材232の内面とインターフェース面をなす内面235を有する。顎部材234は、第2電極252によって形成されるナイフチャネル229を含む。第2電極252は、ナイフチャネル229から延び、圧縮稜線256の絶縁材255とインターフェースを形成する。こうして第1電極251は、第2電極252とは食い違うか、または第2電極252からは後退した位置にある。
【0064】
図20には、本発明のさらに他の態様に係る終端効果器が示されている。顎部332は、第1の極を含むU字形の第1電極351、アンビル318、第1電極351を露出部分357を除いて包囲するU字形の絶縁材355、および第1の電極351とは電気的に反対の極をなす第2電極352の対を具備する。第2の電極352は、絶縁材によって形成される圧縮稜線356の両端353aと354a上に位置する。
【0065】
第1電極351は、二つの電気的に導通する棒電極327,328を具備する。絶縁材355は、ナイフチャネル326の内部でくぼんだ電極351の露出部357を除いて電極が内面333において絶縁されるよう、U字形電極の外側とU字形電極351の頂部353,354を包囲する。第2の顎部材334は、顎部材332の内面とインターフェース面をなす内面335を有する。こうして第1電極351は、第2電極252とは食い違うか、または第2電極352からは後退した位置にある。
【0066】
図21には、本発明のもう一つの態様に係る終端効果器が示されている。顎部材432は、第1の極を含むU字形の第1電極451、アンビル418、第1電極451を露出部分を除いて包囲するU字形の絶縁材455、および第1の電極451を包囲するU字形絶縁材455を具備する。
【0067】
第1電極451は、二つの電気的に導通する棒電極427,428を具備する。両棒電極427と428は、インターフェース面433の一部を構成するナイフチャネル426によって離隔される。第1電極451は、ナイフチャネル426内でくぼんでいる。
【0068】
第2の顎部材434は、第1の顎部材432の内面433とのインターフェースをなす内面435を有する。第2の顎部材434は、絶縁材で形成されるナイフチャネル429を有する。第2電極452は、インターフェース面435上に配置される二本の棒電極から構成される。第2電極452は、絶縁材455および棒電極427,428と相対向する圧縮稜線456を形成するよう、ナイフチャネル429から延び出る。かくして、電極452と少なくとも位置は、電極451とは食い違うことになる。
【0069】
図22〜24には、本発明のさらに他の態様に係る終端効果器を示す。終端効果器は、それぞれ二つのセクションAとBに分断される顎部材532,534を具備する。顎部材532は、第1の極を含む第1の電極551、アンビル518、および第1の電極551を包囲する絶縁材555を備える。
【0070】
第1の電極551は、二つの電気的に導通する棒電極527,528を備える。ナイフチャネル526は、棒527と528の間に位置する。絶縁材555は、圧縮稜線556を形成する。セクションAにおいては、電極551は、ナイフチャネル526の内部でへこんでいる。セクションBにおいては、電極551は、圧縮稜線556の一部を構成する。
【0071】
顎部材534は、ステープルのカートリッジ523,カートリッジホルダ522,内面535、および第1電極551とは電気的に反対の極をなす第2電極552を備える。第2電極552は、二つの電気的に導通する棒電極527a,528aから構成される。セクションAにおいては、棒電極527aと528aは、面532と534に関して棒527,528とは反対側に位置する。セクションBにおいては、棒電極527aと528aは、インターフェース面に関して棒527,528とは食い違っている。このため、電極551は、圧縮ゾーンで区画される面からは後退するか、あるいはインターフェース面に関して電極552と食い違っている。圧縮ゾーンにおける組織の圧縮は、装置が短絡するおそれを最小限のものにする。
【0072】
顎部材532の電極527と528は、互いに距離がd1 だけ離れている。カートリッジの電極527aと528aはセクションAにおいては互いに距離がd1 だけ離れており、電極527aと528aはセクションBにおいては互いに距離がd2 だけ離れている。この特別な態様においては、d1 ≦d2 である。この配置は、とりわけ装置の遠方端における熱拡散と凝集幅を制御することができる。d1 からd2 への変化は、徐々にあるいは段階的に行うことができ、装置の終端効果器に沿った様々な位置でこの変化を起こさせることができる。
【0073】
これまで、本発明の種々の変形例を、内視鏡手術用切断兼ホチキス装置を含む特定の態様について説明してきたが、当然のことながら、本発明は、止血が必要な状況下において無数の応用が可能である。したがって、当業者ならば、本出願の特許請求の範囲およびその均等範囲から逸脱しない範囲で様々の変形・修正を施すことが可能であろう。
【0074】
本発明の具体的な実施態様は、以下の通りである。
A)電気手術エネルギーを受け取ることのできる終端効果器を有する電気手術装置であって、
第1および第2の相対向するインターフェース面であって、間に組織を係合させることができ、かつ少なくとも一方には凹部が設けられるインターフェース面と、
電気手術用のエネルギーを通すことのできる電気的に異なる電極から構成される電気的に離隔された第1および第2の極であって、第1の極は第1のポテンシャルを有する第1の電極から構成され、第2の極は第1のポテンシャルとは異なる第2のポテンシャルを有する第2の電極から構成される二つの極を備え、
前記第1および第2の電極はともに前記インターフェース面の少なくとも一方の上に設けられるとともに、これら電極の少なくとも一方は前記凹部に設けられ、かつこれらの電極は、電気手術用のエネルギーが前記係合した組織を通じて前記両極の間を流れるように配置される電気手術装置。
1)前記第2のインターフェース面の一部は、前記二つのインターフェース面の間に組織の圧縮ゾーンを形成するためこの第2のインターフェース面から延びる稜線を含み、この稜線は前記凹部を含む実施態様A記載の電気手術装置。
2)前記第1および第2の電極は、前記圧縮ゾーンにおいて組織を通る電流路を形成するように配置される上記実施態様1)記載の電気手術装置。
3)前記第2のインターフェース面の一部は、前記二つのインターフェース面の間に組織の圧縮ゾーンを形成するためこの第2のインターフェース面から延びる稜線を含み、また前記第1のインターフェース面は前記凹部を含み、さらに前記稜線は、組織を前記凹部に位置する少なくとも一個の電極の一部と電気的に接触させるため、前記凹部に組織を圧縮するように形成される実施態様A記載の電気手術装置。
4)前記第1および第2の電極は、前記圧縮ゾーンにおいて組織を通る電流路を形成するように配置される上記実施態様3)記載の電気手術装置。
5)前記第1のインターフェース面の一部は、前記第2のインターフェース面の稜線とともに前記組織圧縮ゾーンを形成するように設計された稜線を含む上記実施態様1)記載の電気手術装置。
6)前記各極の電極の少なくとも一個は、同じインターフェース面上に設置される実施態様A記載の電気手術装置。
7)前記第2の電極は、前記第1の電極に対向するインターフェース面に設置される実施態様A記載の電気手術装置。
8)前記稜線は、前記第1の電極を前記第2の電極から電気的に絶縁させる絶縁材から形成される上記実施態様3)記載の電気手術装置。
9)前記第1の電極は、前記第2の電極とほぼ平行に配置される実施態様A記載の電気手術装置。
10)前記電気手術装置は、前記終端効果器に向けて手前側から遠方側におびる長手の軸を含み、前記第1の電極はこの軸に沿って軸方向に延びる長手の電極を具備する実施態様A記載の電気手術装置。
【0075】
11)前記電気手術装置は、前記終端効果器によって係合された組織を、起動されたとき切断線に沿って分断する切断要素が組み込まれた請求項1記載の電気手術装置。
12)前記終端効果器はさらに、少なくとも一個のファスナと、このファスナを組織を貫通して適用する少なくとも一個のアプライヤ(applier) を備える請求項1記載の電気手術装置。
13)前記終端効果器はさらに、少なくとも一個のステープルと、このステープルを組織を貫通して射出する少なくとも一個のドライバを備える請求項1記載の電気手術装置。
14)前記終端効果器は、前記切断線を横断する方向に組織の止血を行うよう構成される上記実施態様11)記載の電気手術装置。
15)前記終端効果器はさらに、少なくとも一個のファスナと、このファスナを前記切断線を横断する方向に適用する少なくとも一個のアプライヤを備える上記実施態様11)記載の電気手術装置。
16)前記終端効果器はさらに、少なくとも一個のステープルと、このステープルを前記切断線を横断する方向に適用する少なくとも一個のドライバを備える上記実施態様11)記載の電気手術装置。
17)前記切断要素は、前記切断線を形成するため、切断路において移動することができる上記実施態様11)記載の電気手術装置。
18)前記終端効果器は、前記凹部を形成しかつ前記切断要素が移動する際の道筋となるチャネルを備える上記実施態様16)記載の電気手術装置。
19)前記第1の極は、電極の対を具備し、これら電極の間を切断要素が移動する上記実施態様11)記載の電気手術装置。
20)前記電極の対を構成する各電極は、この電極の対のもう一方の電極と電気的に導通するほぼ平行な長手棒電極と、前記切断要素がこれら棒電極の間を行き来する際のスロットを具備する上記実施態様19)記載の電気手術装置。
【0076】
21)前記スロットは、前記凹部を形成する上記実施態様20)記載の電気手術装置。
22)前記電気手術装置は、前記インターフェース面により係合された組織を分断する切断要素を具備し、他方前記終端効果器はさらに、少なくとも一列のステープルと、前記切断要素を収めるためこのカートリッジを貫通して軸方向に延び、前記切断要素を前記少なくとも一列のステープルを横断する方向に行き来させるスロットを備えるカートリッジであって、さらに前記第2のインターフェース面を形成するカートリッジならびに、前記ステープルを受け取り最終形を形づくる一方で前記第1のインターフェース面の一部を構成するアンビルを有し、また前記少なくとも1個のドライバは前記少なくとも一列のステープルを前記終端効果器に係合した組織に適用する上記実施態様13)記載の電気手術装置。
23)前記少なくとも一個のドライバは、前記切断手段がステープルの平行列の間を進むときに、ステープルを組織に適用する上記実施態様22)記載の電気手術装置。
24)前記第2の電極は前記アンビルの上に位置する上記実施態様22)記載の電気手術装置。
25)前記カートリッジは、絶縁材料から製造される上記実施態様22)記載の電気手術装置。
26)前記第2の電極は、前記カートリッジによって形成される前記第2のインターフェース面上に位置する上記実施態様24)記載の電気手術装置。
27)前記終端効果器は、前記切断要素が進められる前に、係合した組織に双極エネルギーを適用する上記実施態様22)記載の電気手術装置。
B)電気手術エネルギーを受け取ることのできる終端効果器を有する電気手術装置であって、
第1および第2の相対向するインターフェース面であって、間に組織を係合させることができ、かつ少なくとも一方には凹部が設けられるインターフェース面と、
電気手術用のエネルギーを通すことのできる電気的に異なる電極から構成される電気的に離隔された第1および第2の極であって、第1の極は第1のポテンシャルを有する第1の電極から構成され、第2の極は第1のポテンシャルとは異なる第2のポテンシャルを有する第2の電極から構成される二つの極を備え、
前記第1および第2の電極はともに前記インターフェース面の少なくとも一方の上に設けられるとともに、これら電極の少なくとも一方は、A)前記凹部に、またはB)前記インターフェース面からみて電気的に反対の電極から食い違って設けられる電気手術装置。
28)前記少なくとも一個の電極は前記凹部上に位置し、かつ前記インターフェース面からみて電気的に反対の電極から食い違って設けられる実施態様B記載の電気手術装置。
29)前記少なくとも一個の電極の第1の部分は前記凹部上に位置し、かつこの電極の第2の部分は前記インターフェース面からみて電気的に反対の電極から食い違って設けられる実施態様B記載の電気手術装置。
30)前記電極は、この電極が前記インターフェース面からみて互いに食い違わない程度の長さを有し、前記電極の少なくとも一個は、前記第1および第2の電極が互いに食い違わない前記終端効果器においてくぼんで設けられる上記実施態様29)記載の電気手術装置。
C)電気手術エネルギーを受け取ることのできる終端効果器を有する電気手術装置であって、
第1および第2の相対向するインターフェース面であって、間に組織を係合させることができ、かつ少なくとも一方には凹部が設けられるインターフェース面であって、前記凹部は、電気手術システムの第1の電気的ポテンシャルを有し、電気手術エネルギーを通すことのできる第1の電極から構成される電気手術装置。
【0077】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、様々な種類および厚さの組織について効率的に止血を行うことができる電気手術装置、および従来の装置よりも組織の広い範囲あるいは長い組織を同時に焼灼ないし融着できる電気手術用止血装置が提供される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一態様に係る内視鏡手術用電気手術装置の斜視図。
【図2】図1の装置の、切断あるいはホチキス止め前の閉止・クランプ位置における側面図。
【図3】図1の装置に、図2の状態で、高周波エネルギーが組織に印加されたときの模様を示す側面図。
【図4】高周波エネルギーが印加され、組織がホチキス止めされかつ切断された後の模様を示す、図3に類似した側面図。
【図5】図1の装置の手前側ハンドル部分の拡散分解図。
【図6】図1の装置の中間部分および遠方側部分の拡散分解図。
【図7】図1の装置の、第1の開放状態における手前側ハンドル部分の側面図(左側のハンドルカバーとワイヤは取り外してある)。
【図8】本発明で用いるワイヤとコネクタの位置を示す左側ハンドル部分内側の側面図。
【図9】本発明に係る装置の中間部分を示す長手方向断面図。
【図10】ワイヤとその各接触点との接触の模様を示す、本発明に係る装置の中間部分手前側端部の側面図。
【図11】図11(A)は本発明に係る装置の中間部分手前側端部の拡大断面図、図11(B)は図11(A)におけるB−B線に沿った横断方向の断面図。
【図12】ワイヤとその各接触点との接触の模様を示す斜視図。
【図13】ワイヤのその各接触点への押しつけを可能にするワイヤのわずかな偏りを示す図11の端面図。
【図14】図1の装置の、閉止・クランプ位置における遠方側端部の長手方向断面図。
【図15】図13の遠方端の拡大断面図。
【図16】図14の16−16線に沿った横断方向断面図。
【図17】図14の17−17線に沿った横断方向断面図。
【図18】電極が交互に配置された終端効果器前部の断面図。
【図19】電極が交互に配置されたもう一つの終端効果器前部の断面図。
【図20】電極が交互に配置された他の終端効果器前部の断面図。
【図21】電極が交互に配置されたさらに他の終端効果器前部の断面図。
【図22】電極が交互に配置された終端効果器の斜視図。
【図23】図22の終端効果器におけるA部の23−23線に沿った断面図。
【図24】図22の終端効果器におけるB部の24−24線に沿った断面図。
Claims (2)
- 電気手術エネルギーを受け取ることのできる終端効果器を有する電気手術装置であって、当該終端効果器が、
第1および第2のインターフェース面(133および135,233および235,333および335ならびに533および535)と、
当該第1のインターフェース面上の絶縁体(155,255および355)であって、U字形状の断面を有し、これによって、当該第1のインターフェース面を通って延在するナイフチャネル(126,226および326)を画し、当該ナイフチャネルを含む圧縮稜線(156,256および356)を形成する絶縁体と、
当該絶縁体内の当該ナイフチャネル内に配置された第1の電極(151,251,351,551)を含む第1の極と、
当該第1および第2のインターフェース面の一つに配置された第2の電極(118,252,352,552)を含む第2の極と
を含み、
当該第1および第2の極が互いに絶縁され、
当該第1の電極は第1のポテンシャルを有し、
当該第2の電極は当該第1のポテンシャルとは異なる第2のポテンシャルを有し、
両電極間には、当該第1および第2のインターフェース面間に係合させた組織を通して電気エネルギーが流れ得るようになっており、
当該第1の電極全体が当該絶縁体の開放端によって画される面から離れているように、当該第1の電極が当該ナイフチャネル内に配置されている、
電気手術装置。 - 電気手術エネルギーを受け取ることのできる終端効果器を有する電気手術装置であって、当該終端効果器が、
第1および第2のインターフェース面(433および435)と、
当該第1のインターフェース面上の絶縁体(455)であって、U字形状の断面を有し、これによって、当該第1のインターフェース面を通って延在する第1のナイフチャネル(426)を画する絶縁体と、
圧縮稜線(456)であって、その中に第2のナイフチャネル(429)が延在し、当該第2のインターフェース面から延在する圧縮稜線と、
当該第1のナイフチャネル(426)内に配置された第1の電極(451)を含む第1の極と、
当該第2のインターフェース面に配置された第2の電極(452)を含む第2の極と
を含み、
当該第1および第2の極が互いに絶縁され、
当該第1の電極は第1のポテンシャルを有し、
当該第2の電極は当該第1のポテンシャルとは異なる第2のポテンシャルを有し、
両電極間には、当該第1および第2のインターフェース面間に係合させた組織を通して電気エネルギーが流れ得るようになっており、
当該第1の電極全体が当該絶縁体の開放端によって画される面から離れているように、当該第1の電極が当該ナイフチャネル内に配置されている、
電気手術装置。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US374012 | 1995-01-18 | ||
US08/374,012 US5688270A (en) | 1993-07-22 | 1995-01-18 | Electrosurgical hemostatic device with recessed and/or offset electrodes |
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JPH08317936A JPH08317936A (ja) | 1996-12-03 |
JP3857347B2 true JP3857347B2 (ja) | 2006-12-13 |
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US (1) | US5688270A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0722696B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3857347B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU716652B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2167344C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69625098T2 (ja) |
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1996
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- 1996-01-17 DE DE69625098T patent/DE69625098T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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CA2167344C (en) | 2007-01-09 |
JPH08317936A (ja) | 1996-12-03 |
US5688270A (en) | 1997-11-18 |
DE69625098T2 (de) | 2003-11-20 |
AU4200996A (en) | 1996-07-25 |
DE69625098D1 (de) | 2003-01-16 |
EP0722696A1 (en) | 1996-07-24 |
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