JP3908231B2 - 地盤注入工法 - Google Patents
地盤注入工法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP3908231B2 JP3908231B2 JP2004091252A JP2004091252A JP3908231B2 JP 3908231 B2 JP3908231 B2 JP 3908231B2 JP 2004091252 A JP2004091252 A JP 2004091252A JP 2004091252 A JP2004091252 A JP 2004091252A JP 3908231 B2 JP3908231 B2 JP 3908231B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- aqueous solution
- silicic acid
- acid aqueous
- active silicic
- ground
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 79
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 45
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 68
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 32
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 15
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 7
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000011 group IA salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B12/00—Cements not provided for in groups C04B7/00 - C04B11/00
- C04B12/04—Alkali metal or ammonium silicate cements ; Alkyl silicate cements; Silica sol cements; Soluble silicate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00732—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for soil stabilisation
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
Description
本発明の地盤固結剤の地盤注入工法に用いられる活性珪酸水溶液は、例えば、水溶性珪酸塩(水ガラス)、即ち、珪酸ナトリウム、珪酸カリウム、珪酸アンモニウムなどをイオン交換法、電気泳動法、電気透析法などにより脱アルカリして得られる。
本発明者の研究によれば、活性珪酸水溶液は製造時点では、その大きさは単分子程度の大きさでそれが重合反応により増粒してもせいぜい平均粒径が5nm程度である。ところでそれに酸を加えてpHを2よりも低くすると平均粒径が1nm以下であるが、それを1日以上熟成することによって平均粒径が5〜10nmまで大きくなることが判った。このような安定化した酸性活性珪酸水溶液に水ガラスを酸性領域の範囲で加えてシリカ濃度を大きくすると、コロイドが10〜20nmの大きさに常温で増粒して長いゲル化時間を保持することがわかった。本発明者の研究によれば、シリカが長期耐久性を得るには、シリカがコロイド状に成長して、その比表面積が小さくなり、かつ、非アルカリ領域であることが好ましく、これによりシリカの溶解が少なくなり、耐久性に優れたものとすることができることが判っている。本発明者は、この粒径の小さい酸性活性シリカを、pH2以下で、好ましくは1日以上熟成して粒径を大きくし、さらに現場で酸性領域内で水ガラスを加えることによって、酸性活性珪酸コロイドと水ガラスとの反応によりシリカの重合反応が生じて増粒される結果、10nm以上の大きな粒径のシリカに成長して、長期耐久性に優れたシリカコロイドが得られることを見出し、これにより、ゲル化時間が長く、現場条件に適合した任意のゲル化時間と強度が得られ、かつ、工場製造から現場に至るまでの作業性に優れた地盤注入工法を可能にすることを見出し、本発明を完成したものである。
(活性珪酸水溶液並びに酸性活性珪酸水溶液の調製)
珪酸ソーダJIS3号品(SiO2:29.0%、Na2O:9.0%)を水で希釈し、希釈珪酸ソーダ水溶液を調製した。この水溶液を予め10%塩酸を用いて通常の方法で調整された水素型陽イオン交換樹脂(オルガノ(株)製アーバンライトIR−120B)塔に通して、pH2.5の活性珪酸水溶液Aを得た後、この活性珪酸水溶液A1000mLに75%H3PO410mLを添加してpHを1.41に調整し、酸性活性珪酸水溶液を得た。
(地盤注入用活性珪酸水溶液の調製)
製造例1で得られた酸性活性珪酸水溶液を1日熟成してのち、上記珪酸ソーダJIS3号品の水ガラスを配合量を変動させて添加し、配合例2〜6の地盤注入用活性珪酸水溶液を得た。
(1)活性珪酸水溶液B
珪酸ソーダJIS3号品(SiO2=29.0%、Na2O=9.0%)を水で希釈し、陽イオン交換樹脂に通過させ、pH2.5 の活性珪酸水溶液を得た。
(2)水ガラス
比重1.28、SiO2=23.37%、Na2O=6.28%、モル比3.84の水ガラス
(3)酸
75%燐酸(比重1.58)試薬
ゲルタイム(気中ゲルタイム)と土中ゲルタイムを測定した。土中ゲルタイムは薬液と砂の割合によって異なるので、相対密度が60%になるように、容器に測定すべき試料28gと豊浦標準砂100gを量り取り、そのときの土中ゲルタイムを測定した。
(酸性活性珪酸水溶液の調製)
表2に、活性珪酸水溶液Bに75%燐酸を添加し、pHを2.0未満に調製して得られる酸性活性珪酸水溶液の配合例およびゲルタイムを示す。
(地盤注入用活性珪酸水溶液の調製)
表3、4および5に示すように、配合例7〜9で調製した酸性活性珪酸水溶液を1日熟成したのち、水ガラスの配合量を変動させて添加して地盤注入用活性珪酸水溶液を配合した。各配合において、SiO2濃度、ゲルタイム、土中ゲルタイムをそれぞれ算出または測定した。
以上をまとめると、ゲル化時間はpHによってほぼ決定する。この結果を図7に示す。
Claims (2)
- 活性珪酸水溶液に酸を添加してpHを2.0未満に調整した酸性活性珪酸水溶液を工場で製造した後、1日以上熟成後、現場で水ガラスを添加してpHを酸性領域の範囲内で高めた地盤注入用活性珪酸水溶液を地盤に注入する地盤注入工法であって、SiO2を1〜5重量%含有する前記酸性活性珪酸水溶液に水ガラスを加えてSiO2含有量を1〜10重量%に増加せしめた地盤注入用活性珪酸水溶液を用いることを特徴とする地盤注入工法。
- 前記請求項1において、さらにゲル化調整剤を添加した地盤注入用活性珪酸水溶液を用いることを特徴とする地盤注入工法。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004091252A JP3908231B2 (ja) | 2004-03-26 | 2004-03-26 | 地盤注入工法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004091252A JP3908231B2 (ja) | 2004-03-26 | 2004-03-26 | 地盤注入工法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2005273373A JP2005273373A (ja) | 2005-10-06 |
JP3908231B2 true JP3908231B2 (ja) | 2007-04-25 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2004091252A Expired - Fee Related JP3908231B2 (ja) | 2004-03-26 | 2004-03-26 | 地盤注入工法 |
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JP (1) | JP3908231B2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP4696200B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-12 | 2011-06-08 | 強化土株式会社 | 地盤注入工法 |
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2004
- 2004-03-26 JP JP2004091252A patent/JP3908231B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP2005273373A (ja) | 2005-10-06 |
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