JP3747208B2 - Building - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a building having an internal temperature reduction structure.

In recent years, vertical buildings have been increasing due to higher floors due to the relaxation of floor area ratio and effective use of the site.
Vertical buildings often have open spaces with internal atriums. In such an open space, when the environment is adjusted by natural ventilation or the like, the temperature becomes higher in the upper part due to the convection effect of air, a vertical temperature distribution is generated, and it is difficult to make the internal temperature uniform. In summer, the temperature generally increases.

For example, in vertical storage, etc., it is very difficult to control the temperature of internal storage (especially food: chocolate, etc.), which adversely affects the quality of the internal storage.・ It had an adverse effect on driving equipment.
For this reason, several stages of air outlets are provided in the height direction using an air conditioner, and cold air is blown in each space portion to prevent the internal temperature from rising and equalize.
Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-45021 Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-31617 JP 2002-285646 A

However, in the conventional method for preventing the internal temperature from rising and equalizing in the conventional vertical building, if the upper part is blown by the air conditioner to keep the set temperature, the temperature of the lowermost part is significantly reduced by the downdraft. There was a problem of being lowered.
In this case, there are also problems such as an increase in energy consumption and cost increase related to air conditioning.

In addition, the amount of ventilation air during natural ventilation was small, and it was less effective in discharging internal odors to the outside. If this was done by mechanical ventilation, there was a problem that the power cost increased.
Patent Document 1 discloses an air conditioner in which a double skin structure (double skin) outer wall space and equipment are provided.
However, in patent document 1, the air conditioner is used together and there exists a fault similar to the conventional vertical building mentioned above.

Patent Document 2 discloses a building provided with a natural ventilation device that promotes natural ventilation by providing an outer wall on the outside of a side wall provided with an introduction portion for introducing outdoor air and forming a wind tunnel along the introduction portion. It is disclosed.
However, in patent document 2, since a rising airflow is utilized, sufficient ventilation airflow cannot be obtained like the conventional vertical building mentioned above.

Patent Document 3 discloses a wooden house having a natural ventilation layer and a system ventilator that are provided with ventilation layers in the walls and attics using natural ventilation to ventilate not only the living room but also the space under the floor. The building is disclosed.
However, since Patent Document 3 is an invention relating to a building such as a wooden house, it is impossible to apply this to a vertical building, but even if a ventilation layer is applied to a vertical building, it is impossible. As in Patent Document 2, a sufficient ventilation air volume cannot be obtained.

  The present invention was made in order to solve such a conventional problem, and the object thereof is to provide a building that can reduce the temperature of the entire space of the building by energy saving without assuming air conditioning. There is to do.

The invention according to claim 1 includes an outer wall provided with an opening through which outside air can flow in and out, an inner wall disposed adjacent to the outer wall and provided with an opening at the bottom, and a periphery formed by the outer wall and the inner wall. A space and a roof located above the outer wall and having a ventilation opening are provided.
The invention according to claim 2 is formed of an outer wall provided with an opening through which outside air can flow in and out, an inner wall disposed adjacent to the outer wall and provided with an opening at the lowermost portion, and the outer wall and the inner wall. A surrounding space formed by closing a space between a top portion of the inner wall and the outer wall, and a roof having a ventilation opening and located at an upper portion of the outer wall.

The invention according to claim 3 is formed by an outer wall provided with an opening through which outside air can flow in and out, an inner wall disposed adjacent to the outer wall and provided with an opening at the bottom, and the outer wall and the inner wall. And a surrounding space that can be freely opened and closed between the top of the inner wall and the outer wall, and a roof that is located at the upper part of the outer wall and has a ventilation opening.
The invention according to claim 4 is the building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the openings of the outer wall are provided on all surfaces of the building.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the building according to any one of the first to third aspects, the opening of the outer wall is not provided on a surface with less solar radiation with respect to the building. Features.
The invention according to claim 6 is the building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the openings of the outer wall are provided on the windward side and the leeward side of the building. Features.

The invention according to claim 7 is the building according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the inner wall is provided on all surfaces of the building.
The invention according to claim 8 is the building according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, or 5, wherein the inner wall has a surface with less solar radiation with respect to the building. It is not provided.

The invention according to claim 9 is the building according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, or 6, wherein the inner wall is formed on the windward side and the leeward side of the building. It is provided.
The invention according to claim 10 is the building according to any one of claim 1, claim 2, claim 3, claim 4 or claim 7, wherein the surrounding space is an end of the adjacent inner wall. It is characterized by being joined together and continuous.

According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, in the building according to any one of the fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth aspects, the surrounding space blocks an end portion of the adjacent inner wall side. It is characterized by.
The invention according to claim 12 is the building according to any one of claims 5, 6, 8, or 9, wherein the surrounding space is an end on the outer wall side adjacent to the inner wall. It is characterized by blocking.

The invention according to claim 13 is the building according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the surrounding space is provided with a partition between the end portion of the adjacent inner wall and the outer wall facing the adjacent space. It is characterized by.
The invention according to claim 14 is the building according to claim 13, wherein the partition is openable and closable.

  The invention according to claim 15 is the building according to any one of claims 1 to 14, further comprising a watering mechanism for watering the roof and the outer wall.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the temperature of the whole space of a building can be lowered | hung by energy saving, without using air conditioning. In particular, it is possible to achieve uniformity without increasing the temperature of the upper part inside the vertical building.
In addition, according to the present invention, the ventilation amount is increased as compared with the conventional vertical open space, which is effective for odor diffusion (external discharge) and the like.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on embodiments shown in the drawings.
(First embodiment)
1 to 4 show a vertical building 1 according to a first embodiment in which the building of the present invention is applied to a vertical building such as an automatic warehouse (Claim 1, Claim 4, Claim 7, (Corresponding to claims 10 and 15).

The vertical building 1 according to the present embodiment includes an outer wall 4 provided with a plurality of openings 4a through which outside air can flow in and out, and an inner wall 5 provided adjacent to the outer wall 4 and provided with an opening 7 at the bottom. The wall surface 3 is formed.
Here, the wall surface 3 is formed by erecting, for example, an outer wall 4 made of concrete having a thickness of 0.1 m with a heat insulating material and an inner wall 5 made of concrete having a thickness of 0.1 m on four sides. It is configured.

The outer wall 4 is formed with a horizontally elongated rectangular opening 4a substantially uniformly on each surface.
The inner wall 5 is disposed inside the outer wall 4 with an interval of 0.3 m, for example.
The outer wall 4 and the inner wall 5 constitute a vertically long surrounding space 8. The surrounding space 8 communicates with the internal space 2 through an opening 7 provided at the lowermost portion of the inner wall 5 and an opening 10 formed at the uppermost portion of the inner wall 5.

In the present embodiment, the surrounding space 8 is formed on the entire circumference of the outer wall 4 of the vertical building 1.
A roof 6 having a ventilation opening 6 a is provided on the upper part of the outer wall 4.
The roof 6 is provided with a watering mechanism 9 for watering the outer wall 4 and the roof 6.
The roof 6 is made of, for example, concrete having a thickness of 0.1 m to which a heat insulating material is attached. And the ventilation opening 6a is provided in the top part.

The watering mechanism 9 is provided with a container for storing rainwater, for example, so that water can be uniformly sprayed from the top of the roof 6 to the vertical building 1 by an arbitrary watering machine.
Next, the operation of the vertical building 1 according to this embodiment configured as described above will be described.
Here, for the sake of clarity, a case where there is no external wind speed will be described.
Further, for the purpose of explaining the operation in the internal space 2, the internal space 2 will be described by dividing it into an upper space 2A, a middle space 2B, and a lower space 2C from the upper part to the lower part by virtual lines.

As shown in FIG. 4, the watering mechanism 9 is driven to spray water from the roof 6 toward the outer wall 4.
The interior temperature of the roof 6 and the outer wall 4 is reduced by evaporative cooling of water, radiant cooling at night, and the cool heat storage effect on the inner wall 5 at night (below the outside air temperature). (Draft) occurs. That is, the pressure difference ΔP (external-internal) inside and outside the ventilation opening 6 a of the roof 6 becomes positive, and the outside air flows from the ventilation opening 6 a of the roof 6. In addition, the thick line arrow in a figure represents the direction of an air flow (hereinafter the same).

Further, in the surrounding space region of the vertical building 1 corresponding to the upper space 2 </ b> A, ΔP> 0 and outside air flows into the surrounding space 8 from the opening 4 a of the outer wall 4.
Further, in the surrounding space region of the vertical building corresponding to the middle space 2B and the lower space 2C, ΔP <0, and the air in the surrounding space 8 flows out of the outer wall 4 from the opening 4a of the outer wall 4.
Since the temperature in the upper part of the surrounding space 8 is higher than that in the upper space 2A, an upward air flow is generated from the opening 10 in the upper part of the surrounding space 8. For this reason, although the temperature of the upper space 2A slightly rises due to this inflow airflow, it still remains inside due to the moisture evaporation cooling effect of the roof 6 and the outer wall 4 and the nighttime radiative cooling effect, and further the body cold heat storage effect on the inner wall 5 at nighttime. The air temperature in the space 2 is kept lower than the outside air temperature, and a downward flow (down draft) is generated from the upper space 2A to the middle space 2B.

On the other hand, also in the middle space 2B and the lower space 2C, the indoor temperature is lowered (below the outside air temperature) due to the water evaporation cooling at the outer wall 4, the night radiant cooling, and the body cold heat storage effect on the inner wall 5 at night. ρ) becomes large, and a downward flow (downdraft) occurs from the middle space 2B to the lower space 2C.
In the opening 7 at the lower part of the inner wall 5, the direction of inflow and outflow changes due to the temperature difference between the internal space 2 and the surrounding space 8 caused by the orientation. The difference in the temperature of the surrounding space 8 due to the azimuth is caused by the difference in the amount of solar radiation received, the wind direction and the wind speed due to the change in the solar position according to the time.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the inner wall 5 is provided on the inner side of the vertical building 1 having the open internal space 2 inside, the narrow vertically long surrounding space 8 is provided, and the airway near the outer wall 4 is provided. And an opening 7 between the surrounding space 8 and the inner space 2 is provided at the lowermost part of the inner wall 5, and the outer wall 4 can be ventilated from anywhere on the entire surface, that is, an opening through which air can flow in and out. 4a, one or more ventilation openings 6a are provided on the top of the roof 6, and the water spray mechanism 9 sprays water on the surface of the roof 6 and the outer wall 4 so that evaporative cooling is possible. Due to the downward flow (downdraft) generated at, it is possible to prevent the temperature of the internal space 2 from rising without using an air conditioner as in the prior art.

In addition, the watering by the watering mechanism 9 may be performed not only during the day but also at night according to the outside air temperature.
(Second embodiment)
FIG. 5 shows a vertical building 1A according to a second embodiment in which the building of the present invention is applied to a vertical building such as an automatic warehouse (claims 2, 4, 7, and 10). , Corresponding to claim 15).

The vertical building 1 </ b> A according to this embodiment is different from the vertical building 1 according to the first embodiment in that a lid 11 that closes the opening 10 at the top of the surrounding space 8 is provided.
In this embodiment, the ambient space 8 has a lower indoor temperature (below the outside air temperature) due to water evaporation cooling at the outer wall 4, nighttime radiative cooling, and the body cold heat storage effect on the inner wall 5 at night, and the air density (ρ ) Becomes large and a downward flow (downdraft) occurs.

Therefore, in this embodiment, since the rising airflow does not flow from the uppermost part of the surrounding space 8 toward the internal space 2, the temperature of the upper space 2A and the middle space 2B can be further reduced.
Also in the present embodiment, it is possible to achieve the same effects as the first embodiment.
In the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the outer wall 4 is provided with the horizontally long opening 4a in the height direction of the wall surface 3, but it may be formed in a vertical slit or various perforated shapes.

  In order to enhance the effect of water spraying, it is desirable that the roof 6 and the outer wall 4 be made of water-retaining material such as concrete, mortar, etc. It is possible to wet the surface uniformly by performing a water flow (natural flow) at a short pitch or by taking a fine sprinkler pitch. Alternatively, the surface of the iron plate can be processed to have unevenness and water can be stored, or by adding a concave water supply (Michimichi) that wipes the entire surface downward, moisture can be made uniform without wetting.

Moreover, the watering mechanism 9 is good also as a structure which isolate | separates a control mechanism and controls the watering device on a roof from the ground.
(Third embodiment)
FIG. 6 shows a vertical building 1B according to a third embodiment in which the building of the present invention is applied to a vertical building such as an automatic warehouse (Claims 3, 4, 7, and 10). , Corresponding to claim 15).

The vertical building 1B according to the present embodiment is different from the vertical building 1A according to the second embodiment in that the lid 11 that closes the opening 10 at the top of the surrounding space 8 can be freely opened and closed.
In the present embodiment, the lid body 11 is rotatably provided on the outer wall 4 by the hinge 12.
According to the present embodiment, it is possible to select whether to use the first embodiment or the second embodiment according to the usage of the vertical building 1B.

The hinge 12 may be provided on the inner wall 5. Further, the lid body 11 may be constituted by a lid body that covers the opening 10 and may be detachable.
Further, in the first embodiment to the third embodiment, the case where the openings 4a are provided in all the outer walls 4 has been described. For example, the openings 4a are provided on a surface with less solar radiation with respect to the vertical buildings 1, 1A, 1B. (Claim 5) or may be provided only in part, as provided on the windward and leeward surfaces of the vertical building 1 (Claim 6).
(Fourth embodiment)
FIG. 7 shows a vertical building 1C according to the fourth embodiment in which the building of the present invention is applied to a vertical building such as an automatic warehouse (corresponding to claims 11, 12, and 15).

The vertical building 1 </ b> C according to the present embodiment has a large amount of solar radiation, and thus the first wall portion 30 having the surrounding space 8 is provided on the east, west, and south surfaces having a large evaporative cooling effect, and the solar radiation is low. It differs from the vertical buildings 1, 1A, 1B according to the first embodiment to the third embodiment in that the second wall surface 31 composed only of the outer wall 40 that cannot allow the outside air to flow in and out is provided on the north surface.
Here, the first wall portion 30 includes an outer wall 4 provided with an opening 4a through which outside air can flow in and out, and an inner wall 5 provided adjacent to the outer wall 4 and provided with an opening 7 at the bottom.

And the edge part of each inner wall 5 is joined so that there may be no space | gap, respectively, and the surrounding space 8 formed here is connected in cross-sectional U shape.
Moreover, the edge part of the inner wall 5 located in an east surface and a west surface is joined so that there may be a clearance gap between the inner side of the outer wall 40 of a north surface.
Also in the present embodiment, it is possible to achieve the same effects as the first embodiment.

In addition, in this embodiment, although the case where the surrounding space 8 was provided in the east surface, west surface, and south surface with much solar radiation was demonstrated, even if it provides in the outer wall of the normal wind direction side and the leeward side outer wall part of the land Good (claim 6, claim 8, claim 9).
The outer wall 4 at a position where the surrounding space 8 is not formed may be provided with an opening 4a.
Further, the end portions of the inner wall 5 located on the east surface and the west surface may not be brought into contact with the inner side of the outer wall 40 on the north surface, and may be closed by a blocking member.
(Fifth embodiment)
FIG. 8 shows a vertical building 1D according to the fifth embodiment in which the building of the present invention is applied to a vertical building such as an automatic warehouse (corresponding to claims 1 to 14).

The vertical building 1D according to the present embodiment is different from the vertical buildings 1, 1A, 1B, and 1C according to the first to fourth embodiments in that the watering mechanism 9 is removed.
According to the present embodiment, evaporative cooling by the water spray mechanism 9 is not achieved, but it is possible to prevent an increase in the temperature of the internal space 2 due to natural ventilation by the surrounding space 8 and a housing heat storage effect.
Therefore, compared with the conventional vertical building without the surrounding space 8, the effect of not raising the temperature of the upper space 2A and the middle space 2B of the internal space 2 is produced.
(Sixth embodiment)
FIG. 9 shows a vertical building 1E according to the sixth embodiment in which the building of the present invention is applied to a vertical building such as an automatic warehouse (corresponding to claims 13 and 15).

The vertical building 1E according to the present embodiment is the first embodiment to the first embodiment in that a partition 50 reaching from the upper part to the lower part is provided between each end of the inner wall 5 constituting the surrounding space 8 and the outer wall 4. This is different from the vertical buildings 1, 1A, 1B according to the third embodiment.
According to the vertical building 1E according to the present embodiment, the same functions and effects as those of the vertical buildings 1, 1A, 1B according to the first to third embodiments described above can be obtained. The effect of orientation can be maintained for each orientation.

In the present embodiment, with respect to a vertical building in which the surrounding space 8 is provided on all surfaces, it reaches from the upper part to the lower part between each end of the inner wall 5 and the outer wall 4 constituting the surrounding space 8. Although the case where the partition 50 was provided was demonstrated, for example, as shown to the vertical building 1C which concerns on 4th embodiment, with respect to the vertical building which does not provide the surrounding space 8 on all surfaces, surrounding space Even if a partition 50 is provided between each end of the inner wall 5 constituting the outer wall 8 and the outer wall 4 so as to reach the lower part from the upper part, the same effect can be obtained.
(Seventh embodiment)
FIG. 10 shows a vertical building 1F according to the seventh embodiment in which the building of the present invention is applied to a vertical building such as an automatic warehouse (corresponding to claims 14 and 15).

The vertical building 1 </ b> F according to the present embodiment is the sixth in that a partition 50 reaching from the upper part to the lower part can be opened and closed between each end of the inner wall 5 constituting the surrounding space 8 and the outer wall 4. It is different from the vertical building 1E according to the embodiment.
In the present embodiment, the partition 51 is rotatably provided on the outer wall 4 by a hinge 52.

According to the vertical building 1F according to the present embodiment, the same effects as the vertical building 1E according to the sixth embodiment described above can be obtained, and further, the effect of each direction can be obtained by closing the partition 51. Can be held for each orientation, and when the partition 51 is opened, an average cooling effect obtained by combining the orientations can be achieved.
In the present embodiment, with respect to a vertical building in which the surrounding space 8 is provided on all surfaces, it reaches from the upper part to the lower part between each end of the inner wall 5 and the outer wall 4 constituting the surrounding space 8. Although the case where the partition 51 that can be freely opened and closed has been described, for example, as shown in the vertical building 1C according to the fourth embodiment, for a vertical building in which the surrounding space 8 is not provided on all surfaces. Even if an openable / closable partition 51 that extends from the upper part to the lower part is provided between each end of the inner wall 5 constituting the surrounding space 8 and the outer wall 4, the same effect can be obtained.

  In addition, in the vertical buildings 1E and 1F according to the sixth embodiment and the seventh embodiment, the case where the water sprinkling mechanism 9 is provided has been described. However, the water sprinkling mechanism as in the vertical building 1D according to the fifth embodiment. Even when 9 is not provided, the same effect can be obtained.

In this example, assuming a vertical automatic warehouse, internal temperature and ventilation values (calculated values) at a certain time in summer (noon on July 1) in the New Tokyo average year weather data are calculated using the following analysis method. Based on the analysis by simulation. Note that solar radiation amount 0.91kW / m ^2, temperature 30.6 ° C., a humidity of 48%, nocturnal radiometric 73W / m ^2, wind direction East was wind speed 2.7 m / s.
The analysis method used here is as follows.

  Based on multi-chamber macromodel analysis coupled with heat and ventilation. The room temperature tj in the j chamber, the room pressure Pj, and the surface temperature tm, j of the m evaporation surface are set as unknowns, which are expressed as follows: j chamber thermal balance equation (1), j chamber air volume balance equation (2) Solved by the surface surface thermal equilibrium formula (3). Note that the heat conduction of the wall body depends on the implicit difference.

13 and 14 show four types of vertical buildings in the present embodiment. (A) is a vertical building 1 according to the first embodiment, (b) is a vertical building 1A according to the second embodiment, (c) is a vertical open building 1X shown in FIG. 11, and (d) is Each of the vertical open buildings 1Y shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 11, the vertical open building 1 </ b> X has the surrounding space 8 removed from the vertical buildings 1, 1 </ b> A and 1 </ b> B.

As shown in FIG. 12, the vertical open building 1 </ b> Y has the watering mechanism 9 in the vertical open building 1 </ b> X removed.
In this example, the basic conditions of the vertical building were the same. That is, the plane (square, north is 10 m) × 10 m, height 25 m, opening ratio [= total opening area / (total opening area + total wall area)] 4%, internal heat generation and building conditions are as follows: .

The roof 6 and the outer wall 4 were made to have a concrete thickness of 0.1 m + a heat insulating material thickness (foam polystyrene) of 0.012 m.
The inner wall 5 was made to have a concrete thickness of 0.1 m.
Opening 4a of the outer wall 4 is 0.1 m (H) × 10 m (W) × 8 height directions (GL + 0.0 m, GL + 2.5 m, GL + 5.0 m, GL + 7.5 m, GL + 10.0 m, GL + 12) 0.5 m, GL + 15.0 m, GL + 17.5 m), and the flow coefficient (α) = 0.6.

The ventilation opening 6a at the top of the roof 6 was set to 0.5 m (D) × 0.5 m (W), (GL + 25.0 m), and α = 0.6.
Internal heat generation is sensible heat = [human body (0.25 person / m ² ⇒14.5 W / m ² ) + lighting etc. (25 W / m ² )], latent heat = [human body (0.25 person / m ² ⇒14) .5 W / m ² )].
In FIG. 13 and FIG. 14, the numerical value in which the inflow of air shown on the left and right is shown in parallel with the arrow indicating the outflow indicates the ventilation air volume.

In the vertical building 1 shown in FIG. 13A, the temperatures of the upper space 2A, the middle space 2B, and the lower space 2C of the internal space 2 are 28.5 ° C., 27.5 ° C., and 29.3 ° C., respectively. there were.
On the other hand, in the conventional vertical open architecture shown in FIG. 13D (the outer wall, roof specifications, opening conditions, heat generation conditions, etc. are all the same) 1Y, the upper space 2A, middle space 2B, Each temperature of lower space 2C was 31.2 ° C, 30.8 ° C, and 30.5 ° C, respectively.

When both are compared, the amount of temperature decrease in the vertical building 1 according to the present embodiment is the upper space 2A = 2.7 ° C., the middle space 2B = 3.3 ° C., and the lower space 2C = 1.2 ° C. In particular, it can be seen that the upper space 2A and the middle space 2B are large.
The result of the internal temperature of 1X (upper space 2A = 30 ..) when the vertical open architecture shown in FIG. 13 (c) (evaporation cooling is performed by applying the same amount of water to the roof and walls of the vertical open architecture 1Y). Compared with 3 ° C., middle space 2B = 30.3 ° C., lower space 2C = 30.1 ° C., the amount of decrease in the internal temperature of the vertical building 1 according to the present embodiment is considerably large.

FIG. 15 shows the change in the upper space 2A for three days (from July 1 to July 3) including the above results for the vertical buildings 1 and 1A and the vertical open buildings 1X and 1Y in FIG. The middle space 2B and the lower space 2C are shown, and the same effect can be seen.
FIG. 16 compares the internal temperatures at the same time of the vertical buildings 1 and 1A in this example with respect to the vertical open building 1Y. Here, FIGS. 16 (a), (b), and (c) are the total time of the summer period (July to September), and FIGS. 16 (d), (e), and (f) are the summer period (July to September). The effect of the daytime (from 7 o'clock to 18 o'clock) is shown.

  17 (a), (b), and (c) show the same internal temperature difference (1Y-1) between the vertical building 1 and the vertical open building 1Y according to this example (Tokyo, summer (July- (September)) shows the relative frequency, maximum value, minimum value, and average value, and FIGS. 17D, 17E, and 17F show the vertical building 1A and the vertical open building 1Y according to this example. The relative frequency, maximum value, minimum value, and average value of the internal temperature difference (1Y-1A) at the same time (Tokyo, summer (July to September)) are shown.

  18 (a), (b), and (c) show the internal temperature difference (1Y-1) at the same time between the vertical building 1 and the vertical open building 1Y according to this example (Tokyo summer (July to 9th). Month) (7 o'clock to 18 o'clock)) and relative values, maximum values, minimum values, and average values are shown, and FIGS. 18 (d), (e), and (f) show the vertical building 1A according to this example and the vertical structure The relative frequency, maximum value, minimum value, and average value of the internal temperature difference (1Y-1A) (Tokyo summer (July-September) (7 o'clock to 18 o'clock)) at the same time with the type open architecture 1Y are shown.

17 and 18, when comparing the internal temperatures of the vertical building 1 and the vertical open building 1Y in this example, the maximum temperature in the upper space 2A is 4.0 ° C. during the summer period (average 1.0 ° C. during the day). It can be seen that the central space 2B decreases by 4.3 ° C. (1.2 ° C.) and the lower space 2C decreases by 3.3 ° C. (0.3 ° C.).
Moreover, when the upper temperature of the surrounding space 8 is closed (vertical building 1A) compared with the vertical open building 1Y, the upper space 2A has a maximum temperature of 5.7 ° C. (average 1. 5 ° C.), the middle space 2B is reduced by 6.0 ° C. (1.2 ° C.), and the lower space 2C is reduced by 3.1 ° C. (0.3 ° C.), showing that the effect is great.

From the above, in the vertical buildings 1 and 1A of the present embodiment, when it is desired to lower the temperature of the upper space 2A and the middle space 2B, the upper opening 10 of the surrounding space 8 is opened as in the vertical building 1A. It turns out that it is better to close it.
However, in this case, the temperature of the lower space 2 </ b> C may slightly increase as compared to the case where the upper opening 10 of the surrounding space 8 is not closed as in the vertical building 1.

Moreover, when the ventilation air volume is seen from FIG. 13, compared with the open building 1Y shown in FIG.13 (d), the ventilation volume of the surrounding space 8 is increasing in the vertical buildings 1 and 1A by a present Example ( In particular, the vertical building 1) with the upper opening 10 in the surrounding space 8 opened, and this method is also effective for internal exhaust (odor discharge etc.).
FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 show the temperature and ventilation characteristics inside each building in the present example when the external wind speed is 0 / m. (A) Vertical building (upper surrounding space open) 1 according to this embodiment, (b) Vertical building (upper surrounding space closed) 1A according to this embodiment, (c) Vertical opening building (with evaporative cooling) 1X, (d) vertical open architecture (no evaporative cooling) 1Y, respectively.

FIG. 21 shows the temperature change for three days (from July 1 to July 3) inside each building including the results shown in FIGS. 19 and 20. (A) Temperature change in the upper space, (b) Temperature change in the middle space, (c) Temperature change in the lower space.
In this example, it was confirmed that the same effect was obtained even when the external wind speed was 0 / m.

Next, in order to grasp the relationship between the opening ratio of the vertical buildings 1 and 1A according to this embodiment and the effect of lowering the internal temperature, the vertical open building shown in the example of FIG. 13 (no evaporative cooling, opening ratio of 4%) The amount of decrease in the internal temperature in the vertical buildings 1 and 1A according to this example with respect to 1Y was examined by changing the aperture ratio.
The results are shown in Table 1.
In order to effectively reduce the temperature of the space of the upper space 2A and the middle space 2B in the summer period (that is, the average value of the difference between them becomes +) with respect to the vertical open building 1Y, this embodiment In the vertical building 1, 1A, the opening ratio is desirably about 30 to 40% or less.

Further, in order to effectively lower the temperature of the lower space 2C with respect to the open building 1Y (that is, the average value of the difference between the two becomes +), in the vertical building 1, 1A according to the present embodiment. The aperture ratio is preferably about 5% or less.
Even if the aperture ratio increases to about 90%, in the vertical buildings 1 and 1A according to the present embodiment, the temperature lowering effect is observed in each of the upper space 2A, the middle space 2B, and the lower space 2C. The amount of decrease is large in the upper space 2A and the middle space 2B.

  In any case, in the vertical buildings 1 and 1A according to the present embodiment, the upper part of the surrounding space 8 (the vertical building 1 according to the present embodiment) is closed (the vertical building 1A according to the present embodiment). This increases the temperature lowering effect of the upper space 2A and the middle space 2B.

  In the vertical open architecture 1Y, the top opening always has an upward flow (air outflow). However, in the vertical buildings 1 and 1A according to the present embodiment, the upper part of the surrounding space 8 is open (vertical construction). The object 1) has an opening ratio of approximately 35% or less and can be a downward flow (air inflow) at the top opening, and the upper part of the surrounding space 8 (vertical building 1A) is independent of the opening ratio. However, it is always possible to make a downward flow (air inflow) at the top opening, and as a result, the internal temperature lowering effect as described above is exhibited.

22, FIG. 23, FIG. 25, and FIG. 26 show the internal temperature when the surrounding space 8 is present and there is no evaporative cooling in the Tokyo summer season (example on July 1, noon).
22 and 23 show the results when the actual external wind speed is considered, and FIGS. 25 and 26 show the results when all the external wind speeds are 0 m / s.
When the internal temperature of the internal space 2 in the case of the upper opening of the surrounding space 8 shown in FIG. 22A (vertical building 1) is compared with the internal temperature of the vertical open building 1Y of FIG. It decreases by 2.0 ° C. at 2A, 2.8 ° C. by the middle space 2B, and 1.0 ° C. by the lower space 2C. Similarly, when the external wind speed is 0 m / s, comparing FIG. 25 (a) with FIG. 19 (d), the temperatures decrease by 2.6 ° C., 2.4 ° C., and 2.2 ° C., respectively.

  Further, when the internal temperature of the internal space 2 in the case of closing the upper portion of the surrounding space 8 shown in FIG. 22B (vertical building 1A) is compared with the internal temperature of the vertical open building 1Y of FIG. The temperature is lowered by 3.4 ° C. in the upper space 2A, 4.1 ° C. in the middle space 2B, and 0.7 ° C. in the lower space 2C. Similarly, when the external wind speed is 0 m / s, when comparing FIG. 25B and FIG. 19D, they are 3.8 ° C., 4.3 ° C., and 2.4 ° C., respectively.

  On the other hand, from the comparison between FIG. 13 (c) and FIG. 13 (d), when evaporative cooling is performed in a vertical open architecture, the internal temperature is higher than that in the case without evaporative cooling (vertical open architecture 1Y). The temperature decreases by 0.9 ° C. at 2A, 0.5 ° C. at the middle space 2B, and 0.4 ° C. at the lower space 2C. Similarly, when the external wind speed of 0 m / s is compared between FIG. 19C and FIG. 19D, the temperatures decrease by 1.6 ° C., 0.8 ° C., and 0.8 ° C., respectively.

  Further, when evaporative cooling is performed in the presence of the surrounding space 8, by comparing FIG. 13 and FIG. 22, (a) when the upper portion of the surrounding space 8 is open (vertical building 1), The temperature decreases by 0.7 ° C. in the space 2A, 0.5 ° C. in the middle space 2B, and 0.2 ° C. in the lower space 2C. Moreover, (b) When the upper part of the surrounding space 8 is closed (vertical building 1A), the temperature drops by 1.1 ° C., 0.4 ° C., and 0.3 ° C., respectively. Further, in the case of the external wind speed of 0 m / s, by comparing FIG. 19 and FIG. 25, (a) in the case of the upper opening of the surrounding space 8 (vertical building 1), It decreases by 5 ° C and 0.4 ° C. (B) When the upper part of the surrounding space 8 is closed (vertical building 1A), the temperature drops by 1.0 ° C, 0.5 ° C, and 0.5 ° C, respectively.

  As described above, the temperature of the internal space 2 is lowered by providing the surrounding space 8 with respect to the vertical open building 1Y due to natural ventilation, a frame heat storage effect, and the like. Moreover, the temperature of internal open space falls by sprinkling water on the roof and outer wall of the vertical open building 1Y and performing evaporative cooling. The temperature of the internal space 2 can be further reduced by installing the surrounding space 8 and performing evaporative cooling on the vertical open building 1Y. In particular, the temperature of the upper space 2A and the middle space 2B can be reduced as compared with the vertical open building 1Y.

It is a side view which shows the vertical building 1 which concerns on 1st embodiment which applied the building of this invention to vertical buildings, such as an automatic warehouse. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of FIG. It is a cross-sectional view of FIG. It is a figure explaining the effect | action of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows 1 A of vertical buildings which concern on 2nd embodiment which applied the building of this invention to vertical buildings, such as an automatic warehouse. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the vertical building 1B which concerns on 3rd embodiment which applied the building of this invention to vertical type buildings, such as an automatic warehouse. It is a cross-sectional view showing a vertical building 1C according to a fourth embodiment in which the building of the present invention is applied to a vertical building such as an automatic warehouse. It is a side view which shows 1D of vertical buildings which concern on 5th embodiment which applied the building of this invention to vertical buildings, such as an automatic warehouse. It is a cross-sectional view showing a vertical building 1E according to a sixth embodiment in which the building of the present invention is applied to a vertical building such as an automatic warehouse. It is a cross-sectional view showing a vertical building 1F according to a seventh embodiment in which the building of the present invention is applied to a vertical building such as an automatic warehouse. It is a longitudinal section showing vertical type open architecture 1X used for an example. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the vertical open architecture 1Y used for an Example. It is WE sectional drawing which shows the temperature inside each building in an Example, and ventilation property.

(A) Vertical building according to this example (upper surrounding space opened) 1
(B) Vertical building according to this embodiment (closed upper part of surrounding space) 1A
(C) Vertical open architecture (with evaporative cooling) 1X
(D) Vertical open architecture (no evaporative cooling) 1Y
It is NS sectional drawing which shows the temperature inside each building in an Example, and ventilation property.

(A) Vertical building according to this example (upper surrounding space opened) 1
(B) Vertical building according to this embodiment (closed upper part of surrounding space) 1A
(C) Vertical open architecture (with evaporative cooling) 1X
(D) Vertical open architecture (no evaporative cooling) 1Y
It is a figure which shows the temperature change inside each building in an Example.

(A) Temperature change in upper space (b) Temperature change in middle space (c) Temperature change in lower space
It is a figure which shows the comparison of the internal temperature of the vertical building in an Example, and a vertical open building (no evaporative cooling) 1Y.

(A) The temperature of the upper space in Tokyo, summer (July to September) (b) The temperature of the central space in Tokyo, summer (July to September) (c) In Tokyo, summer (July to September) Lower space temperature (d) Temperature of upper space in Tokyo, summer (July to September) (7am to 6pm) (e) Tokyo, summer (July to September) (7am to 6pm) Central space temperature (f) Lower space temperature in Tokyo, summer (July to September) (7am to 6pm)
Frequency distribution of internal temperature difference (1Y-1, 1Y-1A) between vertical building (1, 1A) and vertical open building (no evaporative cooling) 1Y according to the example in Tokyo, summer (July to September) FIG.

(A) Temperature of upper space in vertical building 1 and vertical open building (no evaporative cooling) 1Y (b) Temperature of central space in vertical building 1 and vertical open building (no evaporative cooling) 1Y (c ) Temperature of lower space in vertical building 1 and vertical open building (no evaporative cooling) 1Y (d) Temperature of upper space in vertical building 1A and vertical open building (no evaporative cooling) 1Y (e) Vertical Temperature of the central space in the type building 1A and the vertical open building (no evaporative cooling) 1Y (f) Temperature of the lower space in the vertical type building 1A and the vertical open building (no evaporative cooling) 1Y
Tokyo, summer (July-September) (7 o'clock to 18 o'clock) embodiment vertical building (1, 1A) and vertical open building (no evaporative cooling) 1Y internal temperature difference (1Y-1, It is a figure which shows the frequency distribution of 1Y-1A).

(A) Temperature of upper space in vertical building 1 and vertical open building (no evaporative cooling) 1Y (b) Temperature of central space in vertical building 1 and vertical open building (no evaporative cooling) 1Y (c ) Temperature of lower space in vertical building 1 and vertical open building (no evaporative cooling) 1Y (d) Temperature of upper space in vertical building 1A and vertical open building (no evaporative cooling) 1Y (e) Vertical Temperature of the central space in the type building 1A and the vertical open building (no evaporative cooling) 1Y (f) Temperature of the lower space in the vertical type building 1A and the vertical open building (no evaporative cooling) 1Y
It is WE sectional drawing which shows the temperature inside each building in an Example, ventilation property, (in the case of external wind speed of 0 m / s).

(A) Vertical building according to this example (upper surrounding space opened) 1
(B) Vertical building according to this embodiment (closed upper part of surrounding space) 1A
(C) Vertical open architecture (with evaporative cooling) 1X
(D) Vertical open architecture (no evaporative cooling) 1Y
It is NS sectional drawing which shows the temperature inside each building in an Example, ventilation characteristic, (in the case of external wind speed of 0 m / s).

(A) Vertical building according to this example (upper surrounding space opened) 1
(B) Vertical building according to this embodiment (closed upper part of surrounding space) 1A
(C) Vertical open architecture (with evaporative cooling) 1X
(D) Vertical open architecture (no evaporative cooling) 1Y
It is a figure which shows the temperature change (in the case of an external wind speed of 0 m / s) inside each building in an Example.

(A) Temperature change in upper space (b) Temperature change in middle space (c) Temperature change in lower space
It is WE sectional drawing which shows the temperature inside each building in the case of no evaporative cooling, and ventilation property.

(A) Vertical building according to this example (upper surrounding space opened) 1
(B) Vertical building according to this embodiment (closed upper part of surrounding space) 1A
It is NS sectional drawing which shows the temperature inside each building in the case of no evaporative cooling, and ventilation property. (A) Vertical building according to this embodiment (upper surrounding space opened) 1 (b) Vertical building according to this embodiment (upper surrounding space closed) 1A It is a figure which shows the temperature change inside each building in the case of no evaporative cooling.

(A) Temperature change in upper space (b) Temperature change in middle space (c) Temperature change in lower space
It is WE sectional drawing which shows the temperature inside each building in the case of no evaporative cooling, ventilation characteristics, (in the case of external wind speed of 0 m / s).

(A) Vertical building according to this example (upper surrounding space opened) 1
(B) Vertical building according to this embodiment (closed upper part of surrounding space) 1A
It is NS sectional drawing which shows the temperature inside each building in the case of no evaporative cooling, ventilation characteristics, (in the case of external wind speed of 0 m / s). (A) Vertical building according to this embodiment (upper surrounding space opened) 1 (b) Vertical building according to this embodiment (upper surrounding space closed) 1A It is a figure which shows the temperature change (in the case of an external wind speed of 0 m / s) inside each building in the case of no evaporative cooling.

(A) Temperature change in upper space (b) Temperature change in middle space (c) Temperature change in lower space

Explanation of symbols

1, 1A, 1B, 1C Vertical building 2 Internal space 2A Upper space 2B Middle space 2C Lower space 3 Wall surface 4 Outer wall 4a Opening 5 Inner wall 6 Roof 6a Ventilation opening 7 Opening 8 Surrounding space 9 Sprinkling mechanism 10 Opening 11 Lid 12 Hinge 30 First wall 31 Second wall 40 Outer walls 50, 51 Partition 52 Hinge

Claims (15)

An outer wall with an opening through which outside air can flow in and out;
An inner wall disposed adjacent to the outer wall and having an opening at the bottom,
A surrounding space formed by the outer wall and the inner wall;
And a roof located above the outer wall and having a ventilation opening. An outer wall with an opening through which outside air can flow in and out;
An inner wall disposed adjacent to the outer wall and having an opening at the bottom,
A surrounding space formed by the outer wall and the inner wall and closed between the top of the inner wall and the outer wall;
And a roof located above the outer wall and having a ventilation opening. An outer wall with an opening through which outside air can flow in and out;
An inner wall disposed adjacent to the outer wall and having an opening at the bottom,
A surrounding space formed by the outer wall and the inner wall, and capable of opening and closing between the top of the inner wall and the outer wall;
And a roof located above the outer wall and having a ventilation opening. In the building according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The opening of the outer wall is provided on all surfaces of the building. In the building according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The opening of the outer wall is not provided on a surface with less solar radiation with respect to the building. In the building according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The opening of the outer wall is provided on the windward side and the leeward side of the building. In the building according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The said inner wall is provided in all the surfaces of the said building. The building characterized by the above-mentioned. In the building according to claim 1, claim 2, claim 3 or claim 5,
The said inner wall is not provided in the surface with little solar radiation with respect to the said building. The building characterized by the above-mentioned. In the building according to claim 1, claim 2, claim 3 or claim 6,
The inner wall is provided on the windward side and the leeward side of the building. In the building according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, or 7,
The said surrounding space has joined the edge parts of the said adjacent inner wall, and is continuous. The building characterized by the above-mentioned. In the building according to claim 5, claim 6, claim 8 or claim 9,
The said surrounding space has sealed the edge part of the said adjacent inner wall side. The building characterized by the above-mentioned. In the building according to claim 5, claim 6, claim 8 or claim 9,
The said surrounding space has sealed the edge part by the side of the said outer wall adjacent to the said inner wall. The building characterized by the above-mentioned. In the building according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
The said surrounding space has provided the partition between the said outer wall facing the edge part of the said adjacent inner wall. The building characterized by the above-mentioned. The building according to claim 13,
The building is characterized in that the partition is freely openable and closable. The building according to any one of claims 1 to 14,
A building characterized by further comprising a watering mechanism for watering the roof and the outer wall.

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