JP2003193579A - House - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To use natural energy such as atmospheric temperature and wind for keeping an interior temperature within a substantially fixed temperature range. <P>SOLUTION: This house is provided with a solar radiation obtaining area. In the solar radiation obtaining area, a ratio of it to a floor area is set so that a quotient found by dividing a product of multiplication between the solar radiation obtaining area for taking solar radiation, a solar radiation obtaining efficiency, and the degree of solar radiation acquisition by a product of multiplication between the floor area of the house, a heat loss coefficient, a predetermined temperature, and a set room temperature ranges from 0.7 to 1.3. By means of the solar radiation taking inward from the solar radiation obtaining area, a low temperature limit within a predetermined room temperature is maintained. An outside wall is constructed of a concrete panel having a high specific heat for increasing heat capacity. A releasing means releasing heat received by air inside the room if the room temperature is increased is arranged in the upper part of the room. When the room temperature is increased, heat received by the air inside the room is released by the releasing means, so that a predetermined high temperature limit within the room temperature range can be maintained. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a house capable of keeping indoor temperature in winter and indoor temperature in summer within a preset temperature range without using artificial energy. is there.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The climate of Japan is characterized by high temperature and high humidity in summer and low temperature and low humidity in winter. Therefore, when attempting to design a house in consideration of indoor temperature, there are two major categories: whether to attach importance to natural conditions based on solar radiation and ventilation, or to attach importance to artificial energy including electric energy and fossil energy.

In order to secure habitability by placing importance on natural conditions, the position and area of windows and the like formed on the outer wall of a house,
Alternatively, it is necessary to fully consider the ventilation situation inside the room. However, the window formed on the outer wall of the house has conventionally been designed for the purpose of incorporating sunlight into the room, and the position and area of the opening including the window formed on the outer wall and the partition wall are more than ventilation. It is generally designed in consideration of the convenience of living.

Further, in the case where the artificial energy is consumed to secure the habitability, the heat insulating property on the outer wall of the house is improved to eliminate the influence of the atmospheric temperature on the indoor temperature as much as possible, and it is set in advance. In general, the heat exchange capacity and heat generation capacity of the air conditioning equipment that can satisfy the indoor temperature conditions are considered and designed. In such a house, the performance of the equipment used for heating and cooling greatly affects the habitability, and it is not uncommon to rely on the experience and intuition of the designer.

The applicant of the present invention has developed a house in which a comfortable indoor temperature environment can be obtained by reducing the consumption of artificial energy, and as a result, several patent applications have been filed. For example, JP 2001-193206 A and 2001-19
No. 3294 is designed so that efficient cooling and heating can be performed by devising the distribution route of air inside the room. In addition, Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-155239 is designed so that the ventilation condition and temperature condition can be predicted in consideration of the influence of heat movement and generation inside the room.

As described above, when consuming artificial energy to maintain the indoor temperature environment, the heat of the atmosphere transmitted through the outer wall portion including the openings such as windows and entrances is taken into consideration. It can be achieved by balancing the indoor capacity of the house with the capacity of the heating and cooling equipment.

Further, in the case of designing a house that secures habitability in consideration of natural conditions, although the above-mentioned patent applications exist, it can be said that a method for designing such a house has been completely established. Absent. For this reason, there is a problem that the experience of considering the natural conditions of the designer greatly affects the habitability of the actual house, and it is difficult to say that it is not always possible to provide a stable house with a certain quality. It's a reality.

That is, although the climatic conditions such as the average temperature, the average wind speed, and the wind direction in the regions where the houses are constructed are considered as references when constructing the houses, these climatic conditions should be used positively. The reality is that the method of designing and constructing a house by using it has not been established yet.

[0009]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

An object of the present invention is to keep the indoor temperature range for a whole year within a substantially constant range without consuming artificial energy by utilizing natural energy such as atmospheric temperature, solar heat, and wind. It is about providing housing that can be paid.

[0011]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventor of the present invention has conducted various experiments and studies on problems such as the effect of solar radiation and the effect of wind on the house, and the natural ventilation function. As a result, we obtained the knowledge about the following points, and based on these findings, we invent a house that can secure a stable thermal environment by setting the indoor temperature range in winter and summer in advance. Came to.

That is, the present invention relates to a house described in each of the following items.

(1) A house capable of maintaining indoor temperature within a preset temperature range, in which the solar radiation acquisition area of the solar radiation acquisition surface, the solar radiation acquisition efficiency on the surface, and the solar radiation acquisition The product of the product of the degree and the product of the total floor area of the house, the heat loss coefficient, and the difference between the set indoor temperature and the assumed temperature should be in the range of 0.70 to 1.30. It has a solar radiation acquisition surface having a solar radiation acquisition area whose ratio to the total floor area is set, and holds the low temperature limit in the temperature range of the indoor temperature preset by the solar radiation taken from the solar radiation acquisition surface, and An opening means for opening warm air inside the room is provided above the inside of the room, and when the indoor temperature rises, the warming air inside the room is opened to the outside by the opening means so that The high temperature limit in the range Housing, characterized by being configured so as to lifting.

(2) In the previous section, the indoor temperature range is 15
A house characterized by being in the range of ℃ to 30 ℃.

(3) In the items (1) and (2), at least a part of the solar radiation acquisition surface is configured to selectively block solar radiation, and at least a part of the solar radiation acquisition surface is configured to be openable / closable to outdoors. A house characterized by being configured as an opening through which indoor air can be distributed.

(4) In the house (1) or (3), the opening means is a louver for connecting the inside and the outside.

That is, the problem of what a comfortable thermal environment is for a person (resident) living in a house has been continuously considered, and ASHRAE (The Am
eri-can Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air
-ET * of Conditioning Engineers, Inc., American Association of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineers, and PMV (Pred-ict) of Professor FANGAR
ed Mean Vote) or discomfort index D
I) etc. are proposed. All of these describe whether or not a certain environment is a good thermal environment.
It covers temperature factors, humidity factors, airflow factors, clothing factors, and living activity factors, and also considers heat radiation from the human body, and the points indicated are generally appropriate.

The above index is intended for the climate of Europe and the United States where high temperature and low humidity in summer and low temperature and high humidity in winter are applied, and when applied to the housing environment of Japan, it may not always be appropriate. For this reason, HOT (Humid Operative Temperature) or HOTV (Corrected Humid Operative Temper-a) is used as a heat index more suitable for the environment of Japan.
ture modified wetting temperature) has been proposed.

However, although the above-mentioned thermal index has been devised in various ways and incorporates many elements, it is being recognized that there are situations that cannot be completely explained. That is,
A comfortable thermal environment for occupants is important in terms of how they feel in a specific equilibrium environment. Especially, the viewpoint of comfort is not a little dynamic, and there are large individual differences, and it is simply a good environment. Therefore, I found that it should be comfortable, so I could not explain it.

For example, the feeling of exhilaration is the result of the process of transitioning from a somewhat bad environment to a comfortable environment, and a natural sensation is felt by accommodating a moderate amount of stimulation in a slight change in the environment. You can do it. This raises the question of what it means to set a thermal index in advance and to set an appropriate range within this as a comfortable condition.

Therefore, the inventor of the present invention has inspected the temperature range based on the viewpoint that it is essential that the occupants can maintain their health as the thermal environment in the home.

K. J. Collins et al. Published a paper in 1985 (Collins, JA, Easton, JC, Belfield-Smit
h, H., Exton-Smith, AN and Pluck, PA 1985: Effec
t of age on body temperature and blood pressure in
cold environments., Clinical Science, 69, 465-47
In 0), it was reported that blood pressure was elevated at less than 15 ° C even when clothes were adjusted, which indicates the limit of low temperature for maintaining human health. . In addition, Kawashima et al. Have the lowest metabolism among the papers published in 1979 (Mikatsu Kawashima and Shigeru Goto: Characteristics of body temperature regulation system, air conditioning. Sanitary engineering, 53 (8), 31-38, 1979). It is clarified that the body temperature is regulated in the vicinity of 25 ° C to 31 ° C, which corresponds to the blood flow regulation region, and that sweating starts as a body temperature regulation mechanism in the higher temperature region. When sweating begins, the amount of water released from the human body increases, and the amount of metabolism also increases, which tends to increase the load on the human body, thus indicating the limit of high temperature for maintaining the health of the human body.

Therefore, for a house, the indoor temperature range is set to 1
By setting the temperature at 5 ° C to 30 ° C, the health of the occupants can be maintained. That is, if a house capable of keeping the indoor temperature in the above range is realized, it can be said that the house is in a sufficient thermal environment for the occupants to maintain their health.

Here, it is assumed that the house is appropriately constructed by using an appropriate material, and the load based on the appropriate meteorological data for this house, an appropriate air conditioning plan, a usage plan for lighting, etc., and a residence plan for the resident. In consideration of the amount of heat generated, the amount of energy required to maintain the assumed thermal environment is calculated as a change in estimated energy consumption by variously changing temperature limits, and the result is shown in FIG. 7.

The calculation method and the housing model at this time are the methods used by the House / Building Energy Conservation Agency to examine the calculation method of the annual heating / cooling load,
As the meteorological data, extended Amedas meteorological data of Tokyo is used.

As shown in FIG. 7, when the indoor temperature range of a house is maintained at 18 ° C. to 27 ° C., energy consumption of about 280 megajoules (MJ) per square meter is assumed, while When maintained in the range of 30 ° C to 30 ° C, an energy consumption of approximately 140 MJ / square meter is assumed. That is, in the latter case, the energy consumption is half that in the former case. Furthermore, the indoor temperature range is set to 2
When maintained in the range of 1 ° C to 24 ° C, energy consumption of 480 MJ / square meter is assumed, and this consumption amount is
It is clear that the energy consumption is three times or more as compared with the case where the temperature is maintained at 15 ° C to 30 ° C.

Therefore, the indoor temperature range of the house is from 15 ° C to
When the temperature is set in the range of 30 ° C., the occupants can be provided with the environment necessary for maintaining their health, and the energy consumption does not stand out.

The above temperature range can be easily realized by using a cooling and heating device which consumes artificial energy. However, the inventor of the present invention has researched means for realizing it without consuming artificial energy. In this case, the meteorological conditions in the target building are important requirements.

The lower limit of the above temperature range can be set by the amount of solar radiation obtained from the outside. That is,
The area of the surface of the house that receives solar radiation is Ag (square meter), and the solar radiation acquisition efficiency on this surface is τ.
And the degree of solar radiation is I (W / square meter), and the amount of solar radiation to be acquired indoors is the product of the above values, and the total floor area of the house is A (square meter).
The heat loss coefficient is Q (W / (square meter.degree. C.)), the outside air temperature is t (degree C.), the indoor temperature set indoors is T (degree C.), and the following equation (Equation 1) eff = τ -Ag-I / Q-A- (T-t) Substituting it into the equation 1 to calculate the efficiency eff.

As is clear from Equation 1, the efficiency eff is A
Depends on the value of g / A. By setting the acquisition efficiency τ of solar radiation according to the characteristics of the solar radiation acquisition surface and determining the value of efficiency eff, when the total floor area A of the target house is set, the total area Ag of the solar radiation acquisition surface is set. Since the ratio to the floor area A is obtained, the area Ag can be determined.

Here, the "floor area" is the horizontal projected area of the portion surrounded by the center line of the wall or other section on each floor or a part thereof, and refers to the area of the indoor portion. Represents the total floor area of each floor of the building. Also,
The “degree of acquisition of solar radiation” means, of the Amedas data, the total solar radiation amount is assumed to be the subject of solar radiation, and the sum of the solar radiation amounts is assumed to be a heat source that can be taken. In addition, the "heat loss coefficient" is the value of the heat loss coefficient Q radiated from the inside of the building to the outside when the indoor temperature is assumed to be 1 ℃ higher than the outside air, divided by the floor area. 2.7W / (sq.m. C.) (IV area), which is the standard ("Standards for the judgment of the building owner regarding the rationalization of the use of energy related to housing" (1992 Ministry of International Trade and Industry / Ministry of Construction Notification No. 2)) Is used.

Further, the outside air temperature and the degree of insolation are obtained by using the average temperature in January and the average total solar radiation amount in the standard year meteorological data among the Amedas data. This is because the combination of the average temperature in January and the average total solar radiation value gives the lowest value in Equation 1 in the month when the average monthly temperature is below 15 ° C throughout the year. I am using.

When the efficiency eff is in the range of 0.70 to less than 1 under the condition that the outside air temperature is 15 ° C. or less, the heat accumulated in the outer wall is effectively guided to the indoor without transmitting the heat inside the room to the outside. And / or an indoor temperature of 15 ° C can be achieved by inducing the temperature of the ground indoors.
In this case, at the design stage of the house, it is necessary to ensure sufficient heat insulation between the interior and exterior walls and to have a structure capable of guiding the heat accumulated by the exterior walls or the heat of the ground to the interior. Becomes

With the above structure, for example, by forming a heat insulating layer of a heat insulating material on the indoor side surface of the outer wall and a heat insulating layer of an air layer, high heat insulating performance can be secured. Further, by forming a heat insulating layer also in a portion around the side wall of the foundation that is in contact with the outside air, heat leakage can be prevented, and it can be realized by thermally connecting the outer wall to the foundation and the interior.

In order to retain the heat introduced indoors without escaping it to the outside, it is possible to select a floor material that constitutes the floor, a wall material that constitutes the indoor wall, or the like, which has a good heat storage property. preferable. As such floor materials and wall materials, ALC
There is a (lightweight cellular concrete) panel. Compared with concrete, ALC has a volume specific heat of 661 (kJ /
Cubic meter / K) with thermal conductivity of 0.17 (W / m)
K), and the specific heat of volume of concrete is 1896 (k
J / cubic meter / K) with thermal conductivity of 1.6 (W / m)
K). That is, when comparing a concrete panel with an ALC panel of the same volume, the volumetric specific heat of the concrete panel is about three times larger, but the thermal conductivity of the ALC panel is about 1/10 of that of the concrete panel, so diffusion Considering this, ALC easily retains heat and has a good heat storage property.

However, areas where the outside air temperature is extremely low in winter (for example, I area, II in the next-generation energy conservation standards)
In the area), even if the ratio of the area Ag of the solar radiation acquisition surface to the total floor area A is increased and the value of the solar radiation acquisition efficiency τ is increased, the efficiency eff cannot be made larger than 0.70. This is a case where the outside air temperature is lower than the available amount of solar radiation, and the indoor temperature cannot be maintained at the set level. In the present invention, such an extremely low outside air temperature may be excluded. is there.

When the efficiency is in the range of 1 to 1.30, it is possible to realize the indoor temperature of 15 ° C. without taking any special measures, and it is not necessary to expect the heat accumulated on the outer wall.

The upper limit of the above temperature range can be set by the amount of heat obtained from the outside. That is, according to the temperature of the outside air in the area where the target house is constructed and the weather conditions such as wind speed, the outside air is taken in or cut off indoors, and the indoor temperature rises due to the heat generated indoors. How to remove the temperature-raised air,
By solving the above, the limit on the high temperature side can be set.

For example, the amount of heat transferred due to the movement of air from the outdoor to the indoor can be calculated by the product of the specific heat and specific weight of air, the amount of inflowing air, and the difference between the outside air temperature and the indoor temperature. In this case, compare the outdoor temperature with the indoor temperature, and if the outdoor temperature is higher, the indoor temperature rises due to the movement of air accompanying ventilation that causes the air with an air temperature higher than the indoor temperature to flow into the room. If the outside air temperature is lower than the indoor temperature, the indoor air temperature will drop due to the movement of air during ventilation, causing air with a temperature lower than the indoor temperature to flow into the room. Then, since the amount of the outdoor air moving from the outdoor to the indoor is known according to the magnitude of the wind velocity of the outdoor air, it is possible to estimate the degree of indoor temperature fluctuation.

Here, in Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka, and Fukuoka, June 1 to 9 when the outside air temperature becomes highest throughout the year
The product obtained by multiplying the wind speed and the difference between the outside air temperature and the set indoor temperature during the period of 30th of each month is calculated every hour, and the total amount when the daily amount becomes positive is shown in Table 1. Show.

[0041]

[Table 1]

As shown in the table, when the indoor temperature is set to 31 ° C., there is almost no moving heat amount flowing into the indoor, and even when it is set to 30 ° C., the moving heat amount flowing into the indoor from the outside. Can be said to be extremely small. In particular,
In Tokyo, when the indoor temperature is set to 30 ° C., the number of days in which outdoor heat may flow indoors is 7 days.

Therefore, the indoor temperature of 30 ° C. can be maintained by blocking the solar radiation that can be acquired from the solar radiation acquisition surface, blocking the heat transmitted indoors through the outer wall, and eliminating the heat of the air whose temperature has risen indoors. Can be realized.

The interception of the solar radiation acquired from the solar radiation acquisition surface can be realized by providing a light shielding material such as a shutter, a blind or a curtain on the solar radiation acquisition surface and selectively utilizing these light shielding materials. Can be done. In particular, in the case of using a louver composed of a plurality of rotatable eave-shaped members and selecting the rotational angle of the eave-shaped members to obtain the solar radiation and block the solar radiation, It is possible to block the sunlight by securing indoor illuminance.

Further, by increasing the heat capacity of the outer wall, the heat generated by the solar radiation is stored in the outer wall, whereby the heat transfer to the interior can be delayed. Therefore, by ensuring the heat insulation performance of the outer wall and thermally conducting the outer wall and the foundation,
It becomes possible to transfer the heat stored in the outer wall to the ground through the foundation, and dissipate the heat to the ground to prevent the heat from being transferred indoors, thereby preventing an increase in the indoor temperature.

Further, a heat insulating layer made of a heat insulating material is formed on the indoor side surface of the outer wall, an air layer is formed, and the atmosphere is circulated through the air layer to transfer the heat stored by the outer wall to the indoor side. Without being exhausted by the air flowing through the air layer. Therefore, for example, the upper and lower end portions of the air layer formed on the indoor side of the outer wall may be blocked or opened so that the air layer is blocked when the indoor temperature of 15 ° C. or higher is realized. However, when achieving an indoor temperature of 30 ° C. or less, it is preferable to allow the air layer to circulate.

When the heat flowing from the outside to the inside of the room is due to the movement of the air, the indoor air and the newly introduced air are mixed, so that the air having a high temperature rises to the upper part of the inside of the room. To do. Similarly, the air near the floor whose temperature has risen due to the heat of solar radiation rises to the upper part of the room as an ascending air current.

That is, when the heat transfer due to the air transfer is taken into consideration, the transfer heat amount is H (J) and the specific heat of air is c (J
/ (Kg · ° C)), the specific weight of air is γ (kg / cubic meter), the inflow / outflow air amount is q (cubic meter), the outside air temperature is To (° C), and the indoor temperature is Ti (° C). At this time, the transfer heat amount H can be calculated by H = c · γ · q · (To-Ti) equation 2. In this way, when the outside air temperature is higher than the indoor temperature, heat is introduced, and when it is low, heat is discharged.

Therefore, by providing a function for removing the heat of the air that has risen to the upper part, it becomes possible to positively distribute the indoor air, and the indoor temperature is limited to the high temperature side of 30 ° C. Can be held at.

A louver for discharging high temperature air to the atmosphere, a tank for exchanging heat with water, or the like can be selectively used as a mechanism provided in the upper part of the room and having a function of removing heat. When the louver is adopted, it is possible to provide an opening such as a window on the outer wall and introduce the outside air through the opening as the indoor air is discharged. Further, by removing the heat of the air in the upper part of the room, the temperature of the air drops and descends. That is, it is possible to measure the convection of air indoors.

Therefore, it is possible to specify the upper limit of the indoor temperature, and to set the upper limit of the indoor temperature. That is, by adopting the above means,
It is possible to realize a house that can maintain the lower temperature limit and the higher temperature limit within a preset temperature range without consuming artificial energy including electric energy and fossil energy.

Therefore, the inventors of the present invention have confirmed that the present invention is realized by constructing an experimental house and measuring the relationship between the outside air temperature and the indoor temperature by this experimental house.
The construction site of the experimental house is Tokyo, where the applicant's development department is located, and belongs to the IV area.

FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the outdoor temperature and the indoor temperature of the experimental house in winter. As is clear from the figure, although the indoor temperature changes with changes in the outside air temperature, the main bedroom maintains a range of approximately 15 ° C.
The temperature of the work room has a slight vertical width based on 15 ° C. In particular, in the entrance hall, the outside air enters as the door is opened and closed, so the temperature is 15 ° C. or lower.

From the above, the difference between the outside air temperature and the indoor temperature is about 10 ° C., the main bedroom can realize 15 ° C. sufficiently in the structure of the experimental house, and the work room has 6 am Before and after the time, the temperature becomes 15 ° C or less, but the heat capacity is increased by increasing the thickness of the flooring material or by increasing the foundation to reduce the fluctuation of the indoor temperature following the outside air temperature and the sidewall of the foundation. It is assumed that the indoor temperature can be maintained at 15 ° C by preventing heat leakage from the foundation part by forming a heat insulating layer in the part.

FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the outdoor temperature and the indoor temperature in summer, and in particular, changes in the indoor temperature are measured with the window open all day. As can be seen in the figure, the indoor temperature changes almost as the outside air temperature changes, and although the indoor temperature is lower than the outdoor temperature, it exceeds 30 ° C after 12:00 pm. There is.

FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the outdoor temperature and the indoor temperature in the summer, and particularly the change in the indoor temperature when the time for opening the window is selected. As is clear in the figure, when the outside air temperature at night is low, the window is opened and low temperature outside air is taken in, and when the daytime outside air temperature rises, the window is closed and the high temperature outside air is closed. By not incorporating, it is possible to reduce the change in indoor temperature, and it is possible to suppress the room temperature of the living room or the temperature of the floor surface of the living room to 30 ° C. or lower.

FIG. 11 shows the relationship between the outdoor temperature and the indoor temperature when the indoor ventilation conditions are changed and is calculated. b is an indoor temperature when ventilation is performed 0.4 times per hour, and c to g are indoor temperatures when ventilation holes having different areas are formed in the top light.

As is apparent from the figure, by forming ventilation holes in the top light and the staircase, it is possible to discharge the indoor air whose temperature has risen to the outside, and regulate the rise in indoor temperature. You can

From the above points, the house according to the present invention is a house that can maintain the indoor temperature within a preset temperature range, and in the solar radiation acquisition area of the solar radiation acquisition surface for taking in the solar radiation and the surface. The product of the efficiency of solar radiation acquisition and the degree of solar radiation acquisition divided by the product of the total floor area of the house, the heat loss coefficient, and the difference between the indoor temperature set and the assumed temperature is 0.70.
To 1.30, the solar radiation acquisition surface has a solar radiation acquisition area whose ratio to the total floor area is set, and the temperature range of the indoor temperature preset by the solar radiation acquired from the solar radiation acquisition surface. Hold the low temperature limit in
Moreover, an opening means for releasing warm air in the room is provided above the room, and when the indoor temperature rises, the warm air in the room is released to the outside by the opening means to preset the indoor temperature. It is a house characterized by being configured so as to maintain a high temperature limit in the range of.

In the above house, the indoor temperature range is 15
It is preferable that the temperature can be maintained in the range of 30 ° C to 30 ° C.

In the above house, at least a part of the solar radiation acquisition surface is constructed so as to selectively block indoor solar radiation, and at least a part of the solar radiation acquisition surface is constructed so as to be openable and closable so that the atmosphere and the indoor air are separated. It is preferably configured as an opening capable of being distributed.

Further, in the above house, it is preferable that the opening means is a louver that communicates the air with the inside of the room.

[0063]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Preferred embodiments of a house according to the present invention will be described below. The house of the present invention keeps the indoor temperature at 15 degrees a year without consuming artificial energy, that is, without using special heating and cooling equipment.
It is designed to be maintained in the range of 30 ° C to 30 ° C.
In particular, in the house of the present invention, when the temperature is low, it is possible to maintain the low temperature limit by acquiring heat from solar radiation and acquiring heat from the ground, and when the temperature is high. In addition, it is possible to maintain the high temperature limit by cutting off the heat from the solar radiation and letting the indoor air, which has risen in temperature, escape to the outside.

Next, an example of a house capable of maintaining the indoor temperature in the above range will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the floor plan of the first floor of the house according to this embodiment. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the floor plan of the second floor. FIG. 3 is a view showing the positions of the top light and the louver, and is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 4 is a south side elevational view of the house. FIG. 5 is a west elevation view of the house. FIG. 6 is a view for explaining a part of a house having a mechanism for blocking or circulating an air layer provided along the outer wall.

The structure of the house according to this embodiment will be described. The house A shown in the figure has a structure such that the indoor temperature can be maintained in the range of 15 ° C to 30 ° C for the purpose of building in the IV area, and the floor area of the first floor is 53.58.
The floor area of the second floor is 46.88 square meters, and the total floor area is 100.46 square meters.

On the first floor of the house A, the entrance 11, the first floor hall 1
2, stairs 13, toilet 14, washroom / bathroom 15, living room 16, LDK17
Are arranged. The solar radiation is acquired through a window or a top light in contact with the outside air, and the total area of these is the area of the solar radiation acquisition surface. It is also assumed that the windows and top lights have a solar radiation acquisition efficiency τ of 1.0. On the south side of the first floor, there are a window 21 with a height of 1.8 m and a width of 1.8 m, and a window 22 with a height of 1.8 m and a width of 2.4 m, and on the east side a height of 1.0 m and a width of 1 m. A window 23 of 0.8 m is provided, and a window 24 having a height of 1.0 m and a width of 1.2 m is provided on the west side. That is,
A solar radiation acquisition surface of 10.56 square meters is formed on the first floor.

On the second floor of the house A, there are 14 toilets and 3 rooms 1
6. The second floor hall 18 is located, and the top light 25 is provided above the second floor hall 18. Also, there are two windows 21 on the south side of the second floor, two windows 24 on the east side, one window 24 on the west side, and one window 23 on the north side. Windows 24 are provided. That is, a solar radiation acquisition surface of 13.08 square meters is formed on the second floor. The top light 25 has an area of 8.10 square meters as a window-equivalent surface.

Therefore, the windows 21 to 24 on the first floor and the windows 21 to 24 on the second floor
And the total area of solar radiation acquisition surface of the top light 25 is 31.7.
It is 4 square meters, and the ratio to the total floor area is 3
It becomes 1.59%. This ratio is calculated for a relatively large window, and it is a small window 26 on the east side of the first floor.
A larger ratio can be obtained by including the area of the small window 26 provided on the west side of the second floor.

When the ratio of the area Ag of the solar radiation acquisition surface to the total floor area A is set to the above value and the house constructed in the IV area has an indoor temperature of 15 ° C., the efficiency eff obtained from the equation 1 is It becomes 0.72, and it is possible to realize it by introducing the heat stored in the outer wall or the heat of the earth stored by constructing a large foundation into the room.

In the above house, the indoor set temperature is set to 1
When the temperature is 6 ° C., the efficiency eff becomes 0.65, and it is difficult to realize the above temperature. In addition, the area A of the solar radiation acquisition surface
The ratio of g to the total floor area A is 40%, and the indoor temperature is 1
When the temperature is 5 ° C., eff is 0.96, and the temperature can be realized relatively easily. Further, when the indoor temperature is 16 ° C. with this ratio, eff is 0.86, which is a realizable range. In this way, by increasing the ratio of the area Ag of the solar radiation acquisition surface to the total floor area A, it becomes possible to more easily set the indoor temperature on the low temperature side.

The first floor hall 12 and the second floor hall 18 are connected by stairs 13, and the upper part of the entrance 11 is formed in a blow-out shape. That is, on the first floor and the second floor, each of the halls 12 and 18 can be configured as a large space, and can also function as a ventilation space connected to the stairs having a large space by a stairwell.

A louver 27 is formed above the second-floor hall 18 and on the north side of the top light 25. The louver 27 is configured to be openable and closable, and is closed in winter to prevent indoor air from escaping outdoors to achieve an indoor temperature of 15 ° C. Air is discharged to achieve an indoor temperature of 30 ° C. The mechanism for opening and closing the louver 27 is not limited, and a resident may manually open and close the louver 27, or a temperature sensor may be attached indoors and the louver 27 may be opened and closed according to a command from the temperature sensor.

Each of the windows 21 to 24 can be opened and closed, and when closed, it forms a solar radiation acquisition surface, and when opened, it forms a flow port for inflowing or outflowing the atmosphere. Further, as the glass to be fitted into each of the windows 21 to 24 and the glass to be fitted into the top light 25, a transparent glass or a ground glass is selected according to the area where the house A is built and the surrounding environmental conditions.
These glasses have different values of the solar radiation acquisition efficiency τ, but it is preferable to decide what kind of glass to select according to the design property of the house A and environmental conditions including the distance from the adjacent house.

In this embodiment, the areas of the windows 21 to 24 and the top light 25 are set to about 30% of the total floor area of the house A. This ratio is a value necessary to maintain the indoor temperature of 15 ° C. in winter in the house A, and the area of the solar radiation acquisition surface is too large in summer compared to the total floor area. For this reason, the windows 21 to 24 and the top light 25 are configured so as to respectively block the solar radiation.

The structure for shielding the sunlight from the windows 21 to 24 and the top light 25 is not particularly limited, and curtains, shutters, shutters or the like can be used selectively or in combination. It is also possible to use a blind in which eave-shaped members having a small overhanging dimension are arranged in the horizontal direction and a plurality of eaves-shaped members are arranged in the vertical direction, and each member can be rotated around the upper end side. Then, the plurality of members constituting the blind are rotated to open and close, thereby shielding the solar radiation and venting to the outside air.

As described above, the windows 21 to 24 and the top light 25 are configured so as to be able to shield the solar radiation, respectively, so that the heat from the solar radiation is introduced when the indoor temperature of 30 ° C. is realized in the summer. It is possible to reduce or prevent the rise of the indoor temperature by shutting off.

The house A has an outer wall panel 31 whose outer wall is an ALC panel. Also the floor is AL
The floor panel 32 is composed of a C panel.
The foundation 33 is made of concrete. In particular,
When it is necessary to consider the heat of the ground when maintaining the indoor temperature in the range of 15 ° C to 30 ° C, the foundation 33 should be formed larger than the size capable of withstanding the load of the house A and the horizontal load applied. Therefore, it is preferable to increase the heat capacity of the foundation 33.

A used as the outer wall panel 31 and the floor panel 32
LC has a specific heat capacity of 661 (kJ / cubic meter / K)
The thermal conductivity is 0.17 (W / mK), and the specific volume heat of concrete is 1896 (kJ / cubic meter.
K), the thermal conductivity is 1.6 (W / mK). That is,
When the ALC panel of the same volume and the concrete panel are compared, the volume specific heat of the concrete panel is about three times larger, but the thermal conductivity of the ALC panel is about 1/10 of that of the concrete panel.

Therefore, a house using ALC panels on the outer wall and floor has a smaller amount of heat storage than a house using concrete panels, but it is difficult to transfer the stored heat. It can be said that the ALC panel has about three times as much heat storage as the concrete panel.

That is, by using ALC panels as the outer wall panel 31 and the floor panel 32, it becomes possible to realize a house having a high heat storage property, and the heat generated by solar radiation is stored in the outer wall panel 31 and the floor panel 32 during the daytime. It is possible to achieve an indoor temperature of 15 ° C.

Further, by transferring the heat from the ground having an extremely high heat capacity to the floor panel 32 via the foundation 33, it is possible to reduce the change in the indoor temperature. That is, when the indoor temperature is low, the heat of the ground is transmitted indoors, and when the indoor temperature is high, the heat is released to the ground, whereby the change in the indoor temperature can be reduced.

Next, an example of the heat insulating structure in the house A is shown in FIG.
Will be described. In the figure, the foundation 33 has a larger heat capacity than the ordinary foundation corresponding to the load and horizontal force acting on the house A which is an upper structure. Further, the reinforcing bars and anchor bolts arranged on the foundation 33 are the same as those of a normal foundation. In addition, on the upper part of the foundation 33, a frame made up of columns and beams (not shown) constituting the house A is formed.

The outer wall panel 31 is attached by a structure similar to a known structure to a self-weight receiving metal fitting or a mounting metal fitting attached to a beam forming a skeleton. A heat insulating material 35 is arranged on the indoor side of the outer wall panel 31, and an interior material 36 is attached on the indoor side of the heat insulating material 35. Further, along the outer wall panel 31, between the outer wall panel 31 and the heat insulating material 35, or the outer wall panel 31.
An air layer 37 is formed between the interior material 36 and the interior material 36. The air layer 37 has a lower end connected to the foundation 33, and an upper end connected to an eaves tip portion (not shown).

A ventilation hole 33a is formed at a predetermined position of the foundation 33, and the ventilation hole 33a communicates with an air layer 37 formed along the outer wall panel 31. Further, the vent hole 33a is provided with an opening / closing member 38 which electrically connects or disconnects the vent hole 33a and the air layer 37. Therefore, when the opening / closing member 38 is operated to bring the ventilation hole 33a and the air layer 37 into conduction, the air layer 37 is continuous with the atmosphere, and air can be circulated in the air layer 37. Further, when the opening / closing member 38 is operated to block the ventilation hole 33a and the air layer 37, the air in the air layer 37 does not flow.

As described above, when air is circulated in the air layer 37, the heat of the outer wall panel 31 can be removed to the outside by the circulating air, and the heat stored in the outer wall panel 31 can be the indoor temperature. Does not affect. Also air layer
When the circulation of the air in 37 is cut off, the accumulated air exerts a heat insulating function and can exhibit a higher degree of heat insulating property.

An end portion of the floor panel 32 is placed on the upper end surface of the foundation 33, and a floor finish material 39 is applied on the upper surface. In the floor thus configured, the floor panel 32 is affected by the temperature of the underfloor space 40. That is, when the floor panel 32 constitutes the floor on the first floor, the floor panel 32 is affected by the temperature of the ground below the floor, and when constituting the floor on the second floor, the living room on the first floor Affected by temperature.

In the house A, the living room 16 on the first floor, the LDK 17
The space on the 1st floor communicates with the hall 12, and each room on the 2nd floor
The 16 spaces communicate with the second floor hall 18. The space on the first floor communicates with the space on the second floor via stairs 13, and the space on the second floor communicates with the atmosphere via the second floor hall 18 and louver 27.

Therefore, by closing the louver 27 in winter, indoor air is convected, but it is not removed to the outside, and the heat taken in by the solar radiation is efficiently used to maintain the indoor temperature. It is possible to hold. Also, in the summer, the air warmed near the floor of each floor and the hot air that has entered the room through the windows 21 and 24 gather in the space of the second-floor hall 18 and then are exhausted to the atmosphere through the louver 27. To be done.

Therefore, by selectively opening and closing the louver 27, it is possible to eliminate indoor air having a high temperature or retain indoor air having a low temperature.
-24, the indoor temperature can be maintained in the range of 15 ° C to 30 ° C by adjusting the area of the solar radiation acquisition surface by the toplight 25.

In the above house A, the window 21 at daytime and at night
Opening and closing of ~ 24, opening and closing of the solar radiation acquisition surface by a member that blocks solar radiation during daytime, nighttime and with seasonal changes, with the atmosphere of the air layer 37 formed along the outer wall with seasonal changes When conducting or interrupting electricity, each operation is performed by the resident. However, it goes without saying that a temperature sensor may be arranged indoors and each movable part may be driven according to a signal from this temperature sensor.

[0091]

The object of the present invention is to obtain the temperature of the atmosphere and the solar heat,
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a house that realizes that the indoor temperature range for the whole year can be kept within a substantially constant range without consuming artificial energy by utilizing natural energy such as wind. As described in detail, in the house according to the present invention, it is possible to set the indoor low temperature limit by setting the ratio of the area of the solar radiation acquisition surface and the total floor area, and to eliminate the heat of the indoor air. You can set the indoor high temperature limit with. Therefore, the low temperature limit of 15 ° C. can be realized by appropriately setting the ratio of the area of the solar radiation acquisition surface to the total floor area in consideration of the relationship with the outside air temperature. Further, by discharging the air whose indoor temperature has risen to the outside, a high temperature limit of 30 ° C could be realized.

In particular, at least a part of the solar radiation acquisition surface is configured to be capable of shielding the solar radiation and at least a part of the solar radiation acquisition surface is openable / closable, so that the solar radiation acquisition surface is shielded in the summer when the solar radiation is strong. It was possible to set a high temperature limit by shielding the heat taken in by the indoors and by distributing the atmosphere and the indoor air.

Further, by providing the louver for communicating the air with the inside of the room, the air whose temperature has risen indoors can be discharged to the outside and the high temperature limit can be set.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a floor plan of a first floor of a house according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a floor plan of a second floor.

FIG. 3 is a view showing positions of a top light and a louver, and is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 4 is a south side elevational view of a house.

FIG. 5 is a western elevation view of the house.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a part of a house having a mechanism for blocking or circulating an air layer provided along an outer wall.

[Fig. 7] To maintain the expected thermal environment by considering the amount of heat generated, assuming a load based on appropriate weather data for the house, an appropriate air conditioning plan, a usage plan for lighting, etc., and a residence plan for residents. It is a figure explaining a required amount of energy as change of presumed energy consumption when various temperature limits are changed.

FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the outdoor temperature and the indoor temperature of the experimental house in winter.

FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between outdoor temperature and indoor temperature in summer, in particular, the change in indoor temperature measured with the window open all day.

FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between outdoor temperature and indoor temperature in summer, in particular, the change in indoor temperature when the window opening time is selected.

FIG. 11 shows the relationship between the outdoor temperature and the indoor temperature when the indoor ventilation condition is changed.

[Explanation of symbols]

11 entrance 12 1st floor hall 13 stairs 14 toilets 15 Bathroom / Bathroom 16 living room 17 LDK 18 Second floor hall 21-24 windows 25 top lights 26 small window 27 louvers 31 Exterior wall panel 32 floor panel 33 basics 33a Vent 35 insulation 36 Interior materials 37 Air layer 38 Opening / closing member 39 Floor finishing material 40 underfloor space

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Tomoyuki Kudo             2-3-1, Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo Asahi             Within Cheng Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Hideyuki Yamagishi             2-3-1, Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo Asahi             Within Cheng Co., Ltd. F-term (reference) 2E001 DB02 DD12 DD17 FA04 FA11                       FA24 HA07 ND12 QA02                 3L056 BA03 BB04

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A house capable of maintaining indoor temperature within a preset temperature range, the solar radiation acquisition area of a solar radiation acquisition surface for capturing solar radiation, the solar radiation acquisition efficiency on the surface, and the degree of solar radiation acquisition. The product of and is divided by the product of the total floor area of the house, the heat loss coefficient, and the difference between the set indoor temperature and the assumed temperature, so that the quotient is in the range of 0.70 to 1.30. It has a solar radiation acquisition surface having a solar radiation acquisition area whose ratio to the floor area is set, holds a low temperature limit in a temperature range of indoor temperature preset by the solar radiation taken from the solar radiation acquisition surface, and Provided with an opening means for opening warm air in the room above the room, and when the indoor temperature rises, the warm air in the room is opened to the outside by the opening means, so that the range of the preset indoor temperature Hold the high temperature limit A house characterized by being configured to obtain. 2. The indoor temperature range is 15 ° C. to 30 ° C.
The housing according to claim 1, wherein the housing is in the range. 3. The solar radiation acquisition surface is configured such that at least a portion thereof can selectively shield indoor solar radiation, and at least a portion of the solar radiation acquisition surface is configured to be openable and closable to distribute air between the outdoor and indoor. The housing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the housing is configured as an openable opening. 4. The house according to claim 1, wherein the opening means is a louver that connects the inside and the outside of the house.