JP3056667U - Structure of a building with air permeability - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Problem] It is possible to achieve high heat insulation and high airtightness, and it is possible to independently control the temperature of a ventilation layer on the indoor side, thereby forming a preferable indoor thermal environment. It is possible to provide a structure of a building which has low air condensation, especially in a space under the floor, and has excellent air permeability in the structure. A cloth inner heat insulating plate is stretched inside a cloth constituting a peripheral cloth base, and a solid base upper surface is provided on an upper surface of a solid base portion so as to contact the cloth inner heat insulating plate. It has a basic heat insulating structure in which a heat insulating plate 5 is stretched, an outer ventilation layer 6 is formed on the outside of the heat insulating material 8 and an inner ventilation layer 7 is formed on the indoor side of the heat insulating material.
A communication path 40 for communicating the inner ventilation layer 6 with the outside air is provided.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[0001]

[Technical field to which the invention belongs]

 The present invention relates to a structure of a building having air permeability.

[0002]

[Prior art]

 In order to increase the insulation of the building, a building in which a heat insulating material is stretched so as to comprehensively surround each room in the building has been developed.

For example, in a building 82 shown in FIG. 7, a heat insulating material is comprehensively provided and a heat insulating material 80a is also provided under the floor.

[0004]

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

 By the way, in such a building 82, the temperature in the underfloor space 16 becomes substantially equal to the outside air temperature, and dew condensation easily occurs near the base 37 due to the moisture passing through the heat insulation material 80a under the floor. There is a possibility that the durability of the resin may decrease.

[0005] Also, there is known a building in which an outer ventilation layer 86 is provided between a heat insulating material 80 and an outer wall material 84 to prevent dew condensation in a wall of the building, thereby improving air permeability. However, the outer ventilation layer 86 did not communicate with the underfloor space 16 and could not effectively prevent dew condensation and the like in the underfloor space 16. There is also known a building that can open and close a ventilation opening 88 under the floor in order to improve the air permeability and heat insulation of the underfloor space 16, but since only the ventilation under the floor is intended, Dew condensation in the space 16 could not be effectively prevented.

Further, in the structure of the building shown in FIG. 7, the heat insulating property is improved because the periphery of each room 10 is comprehensively surrounded by the heat insulating material 80, but the inner ventilation layer 90 on the indoor side is independent. However, it is not always possible to control the temperature, and this is a problem particularly in terms of air permeability.

On the other hand, a heat insulation building in which an outer foundation heat insulating material is arranged on the outdoor side of an outer peripheral cloth foundation has been conventionally implemented. In this case, beams, floors, columns, and exterior materials made of wood or the like of a house are used. The termites that devour any building material form nests at a depth of 1 m below the ground and search for wood, which is food and water, and form an ant path in the foamed resin insulation from the exposed part of the foamed resin insulation. As a result, there is a risk that the building may move upward on the foundation and eat the building members of the building provided on the foundation. As a result, the thermal insulation of the foamed resin itself is reduced due to the dovetail, and the heat insulation is reduced, the appearance is also deteriorated, and the strength and durability of the building are deteriorated.As a result, the life of the building is shortened. It will be lost.

The present invention has been made to effectively solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims at achieving high heat insulation and high airtightness. It is possible to independently control the temperature of the ventilation layer on the indoor side, and it is possible to form a favorable indoor thermal environment, but also to reduce the occurrence of dew condensation, especially in the space under the floor, and to improve the air permeability inside the structure. It also aims to provide a structure of a building having excellent ventilation.

Further, in the present invention, the termites living in the ground do not form a dovetail inside the foamed heat insulating layer unlike the case where a foamed heat insulating layer is formed on the outdoor side of the outer peripheral fabric foundation. It is an object of the present invention to provide a building that can maintain the heat insulating property of the building without eroding building members such as floors, columns, and exterior materials, and that has improved durability.

[0010]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

 In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the structure of the building having air permeability according to the present invention has a structure in which a heat insulating plate inside the cloth is stretched in the surface direction inside the cloth constituting the outer cloth foundation, and the solid is formed. A foundation heat insulating structure in which a solid base upper surface heat insulating plate abutting the cloth inner heat insulating plate and covering at least a part of the solid base portion is stretched over the upper surface of the base portion; A heat insulating material is stretched in the surface direction on the indoor side of the outer wall material and on the outdoor side of the inner wall material, so that an outer ventilation layer is provided on the outdoor side of the heat insulating material, and a floor space is provided on the indoor side of the heat insulating material. A space behind the hut and an inner ventilation layer communicating these are formed, respectively, and a communication passage penetrating the heat insulating material and the outer ventilation layer and communicating the inner ventilation layer with the outside air is provided. It is characterized by:

Further, the structure of the building having air permeability according to the present invention is such that a cloth inner heat insulating plate is stretched in the surface direction inside the cloth constituting the outer peripheral cloth base, and a solid base portion is provided. A solid foundation upper surface heat insulating plate which is in contact with the cloth inner heat insulating plate and covers at least a part of the solid base portion. The heat insulating material is stretched in the surface direction on the indoor side of the heat insulating material and on the outside of the inner wall material, so that an outside ventilation layer is provided on the outside of the heat insulating material. A space and an inner ventilation layer that communicates with each other are formed, and the underfloor space that communicates with the inner ventilation layer and the outside air are communicated through a communication pipe disposed underground. Features.

Further, the structure of the building having air permeability according to the present invention is such that a cloth inner heat insulating plate is stretched in a surface direction inside a cloth constituting the outer peripheral cloth foundation, and a solid foundation portion is provided. A solid foundation upper surface heat insulating plate which is in contact with the cloth inner heat insulating plate and covers at least a part of the solid base portion. The heat insulating material is stretched in the plane direction on the indoor side of the heat insulating material and on the outside of the inner wall material. A space and an inner ventilation layer communicating these spaces are formed respectively, and a communication passage penetrating the heat insulating material and communicating the inner ventilation layer with the inside of the heat exchange portion in contact with the outside air is provided. And

Further, the structure of the building having air permeability according to the present invention is such that a cloth inner heat insulating plate is stretched in a surface direction inside a cloth constituting the outer peripheral cloth foundation, and a solid foundation portion is provided. A solid foundation upper surface heat insulating plate which is in contact with the cloth inner heat insulating plate and covers at least a part of the solid base portion. The heat insulating material is stretched in the surface direction on the indoor side of the heat insulating material and on the outside of the inner wall material, so that an outside ventilation layer is provided on the outside of the heat insulating material. A space and an inner ventilation layer communicating with each other are formed, and a damper having heat insulation and airtightness that can be opened and closed is attached to the cloth portion of the outer peripheral foundation, and the inside of the back of the cabin is provided. A line that allows the ventilation layer to communicate with the outside air Is characterized in that road is provided.

According to such a structure of a building having air permeability according to the present invention, a cloth inner heat insulating plate is stretched inside the cloth constituting the outer peripheral cloth base, and furthermore, the building wall and roof are provided. Since the heat insulating material is stretched so as to cover the space, the heat insulation of the underfloor space is maintained, and it is possible to effectively prevent dew condensation in the underfloor space.

Further, since the temperature of the inner ventilation layer can be controlled independently, for example, the inner ventilation layer can be connected to a cool tube or the like for utilizing the cold temperature in the soil, or the upper portion of the inner ventilation layer can be controlled. By communicating with the outside air, cool air under the floor can be passed through the inner ventilation layer in the summer to achieve uniform natural cooling of each room. Furthermore, by communicating the inner ventilation layer with a heat exchange section having a heat exchange function with solar heat through a communication passage, air warmed by solar heat in winter is introduced into the inner ventilation layer to provide uniform natural ventilation in each room. Heating can be achieved.

[0016]

[Embodiment of the invention]

 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on an embodiment shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a ventilated building according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are main-part cross-sectional views showing the vicinity of an underfloor ventilation opening according to the embodiment.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in the building 2 of the present embodiment, the outer peripheral cloth foundation 1 is provided as the foundation 29. Further, a cloth inner heat insulating plate 5 is stretched around the inner surface of the cloth constituting the outer peripheral cloth foundation 1. On the outdoor side of the outer peripheral fabric foundation 1, a solid foundation portion 30 constituting the foundation 29 is formed, and the upper surface of the solid foundation portion 30 is in contact with the side surface of the cloth inner heat insulating plate 5. Thus, the solid base upper surface heat insulating plate 60 is stretched so as to cover at least a part of the solid base part 30.

Further, a heat insulating material 8 is provided on the indoor side of the outer wall material 4a and the roofing material 4b so that the inner air permeable layer 7 is formed above the cloth inner heat insulating plate 5 and at least on the indoor side. It is stretched in the direction.

Note that the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 also shows a state in which an underfloor ventilation port 12 described later is installed. Further, in the building 2 according to the present embodiment, the outer ventilation layer 6 and the inner ventilation layer 7 do not communicate with each other on the indoor side of the outer wall material 4a and the roofing material 4b of the building. A heat insulating material 8 is stretched in the plane direction so that the layer 7 is always in communication with the cabin back space 20 and the underfloor space 16. As the outer wall material 4a, a mortar wall, a siding wall, a concrete wall and the like are exemplified, but other wall materials may be used. As the roofing material 4b, a tiled roofing material, a slate roofing material, a flat metal roofing material, etc. are exemplified, but other roofing materials may be used.

As the cloth inner heat insulating plate 5 and the heat insulating material 8, a synthetic resin foam heat insulating plate is preferable, and a resin having closed cells formed by foaming a synthetic resin such as polystyrene, polyethylene, or polyvinyl chloride. It is preferably a foam plate. Among them, it is effective to use a polystyrene extruded foam board with high rigidity, high heat insulation and high moisture permeability. However, the cloth inner heat insulating plate 5 and the heat insulating material 8 are not limited to the above-mentioned synthetic resin extruded foam plate, but a fiber-based material formed by forming glass wool, rock wool or the like into a plate shape can also be used. However, when such a fiber-based heat insulating material is used, dew condensation is likely to occur unless a heat insulating layer is used in combination with the heat insulating material as a rule.

Such a heat insulating material 8 is stretched outside the structural body of the outer wall and the roof in the building 2 and further stretched so that the outer ventilation layer 6 and the inner ventilation layer 7 do not communicate with each other. . As shown in FIG. 1, the heat insulating material 8 may be provided in one or two layers outside the structural frame, or when the wall thickness becomes large, as shown in FIGS. Alternatively, it may be attached and extended outside the structural frame.

The outer ventilation layer 6 formed on the outside of the heat insulating material 8 extends all over the wall and the inside of the roof, and at least one of the lower end and the upper end is open to the outside air. Is preferred. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, as shown in detail in FIG. 2, the outer ventilation layer 6 is always open to the outside air through a through hole 6a formed at the lower end of the outer ventilation layer 6.

The inner ventilation layer 7 extends all around the room 10 and is formed to include the underfloor space 16 and the back hut space 20. The inner ventilation layer 7a formed between the rooms 10, 10 is formed between the partitions. In a conventional wooden building structure, a gap is necessarily formed between the partitions, and the gap communicates with the underfloor space 16 so that the inner ventilation layer 7a may be naturally formed. In a two-by-four building, the gap formed between the partitions does not directly communicate with the underfloor space. 7a must be formed.

In this embodiment, the underfloor ventilation port 12 is formed below the base 37 of the building 2. The underfloor ventilation port 12 is for appropriately communicating the outdoor space and the underfloor space 16.

As shown in FIG. 2, an underfloor opening / closing damper 24 is rotatably mounted in the underfloor ventilation port 12. The underfloor opening / closing damper 24 has heat insulation and airtightness. The underfloor opening / closing damper 24 has a heat transmission coefficient (k) of k = 2.5 kcal / m ² h ° C. or less as a heat insulating property, and the airtight performance is described in the airtightness class of the airtightness test method of JIS A 1516 fittings. It is preferable to have airtightness of grade or better. These performances are comparable to those of PVC frame sashes (insulation sashes) containing double-layer glass used in cold regions, such as Excel Wind (Kanebuchi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.). This is because the problem of adiabatic airtightness does not occur like the adiabatic sash. As a material of the underfloor opening / closing damper 24 having such performance, a frame and a frame are made of a synthetic resin, for example, an ABS resin or a vinyl chloride resin, and a panel having an insulating plate in an opening / closing lid portion is used. The surrounding area can be manufactured by using airtight materials.

In order to open and close the underfloor opening / closing damper 24 by remote control, a wire or a motor as opening / closing drive means may be connected to the damper 24. It is preferable to extend a mesh body 26 on the outdoor side of the underfloor ventilation port 12. The reticulated body 26 is for preventing insects, small animals, and the like from entering the underfloor space 16, and a reticulated body or the like used for a screen door or the like is used and is preferably detachable.

In the present invention, in the building 2 as described above, as shown in FIG. 1, a communication passage 40 that penetrates the heat insulating material 8 and communicates the inside ventilation layer 7 and the outside air is located above the building 2. It is formed in. A blower fan 42, an opening / closing damper, and the like are installed in the communication passage 40 as necessary, so that the air in the inner ventilation layer 7 can be appropriately discharged to the outside air. The position where the communication passage 40 is formed may be the wall of the building 2. Preferably, in the summer, the air in the inner ventilation layer 7 is discharged from the attic section 20 via the communication passage 40. By doing so, the ventilation of the inner ventilation layer 7 is improved, the relatively cool air in the underfloor space 16 is circulated around each room, and the hut space 20 is communicated with the outside air in order to increase the cooling efficiency of the room. It is desirable to provide it at the position where it is to be made, that is, at the roof and its vicinity.

In the building constructed as described above, when the outer wall material 4a or the roof material 4b is heated by solar heat or outside air in summer, the air in the outer ventilation layer 6 is heated and rises. However, since the inner ventilation layer 7 and the outer ventilation layer 6 are separated by the heat insulating material 8, high-temperature air does not enter the inner ventilation layer 7, and heat transfer is suppressed by the heat insulating material 8. You. Therefore, the high-temperature air heated in the outer ventilation layer 6 is discharged to the outside from the ventilation port 6b with almost no influence on the inner ventilation layer 7. Therefore, the cooling cost of each room 10 can be saved.

Since a relatively low temperature of the outside air is introduced into the outer ventilation layer 6 from the through hole 6a, the temperature of the air in the outer ventilation layer 6 becomes lower than the temperature of the outer wall material 4a. Compared with the case where the heat insulating material 8 is directly disposed on the back side of the outer wall material 4a, the amount of heat transmitted to the inner ventilation layer 7 can be reduced.

Moreover, in this embodiment, the underfloor opening / closing damper 24 is opened, and the inside ventilation layer 7 is communicated with the outside air by the communication passage 40, so that the ventilation of the inside ventilation layer 7 is improved, and the underfloor space is improved. The relatively cool air in the room 16 is circulated around each room, and this also makes it possible to increase the cooling efficiency in the room.

In the above-mentioned building 2, in the winter season, by closing the underfloor opening / closing damper 24 and closing the communication passage 40, sufficient heat insulation can be maintained. That is, by closing the underfloor ventilation port 12 and the communication passage 40, each room 10 is surrounded by the outer ventilation layer 6, the heat insulating material 8, the inner ventilation layer 7, etc. in a double or triple manner, and the heat insulating property is improved. This is because it is sufficiently held.

In particular, in this embodiment, since a continuous base body for partitioning the underfloor space 16 is not erected in the underfloor space 16, airflow under the floor is good. Further, since the upper surface of the solid base portion 30 under the floor is exposed except for a part thereof, it is possible to effectively use the cold air or warm air stored in the solid base portion 30 and to obtain the moisture under the floor. Can also be eliminated well. Further, in this embodiment, since the outer ventilation layer 6 and the inner ventilation layer 7 are provided between the inner wall material 4c and the outer wall material 4b, the air flows well through these ventilation layers 6 and 7. Generation of dew can be effectively prevented.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be variously modified within the scope of the present invention. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, instead of providing the underfloor ventilation port, the underfloor space 16 and outside air may be communicated through a communication pipe 44 provided underground. The communication pipe 44 is called a cool tube, and effectively uses cold or warm soil temperature. One end 44a of the communication pipe 44 opens to the underfloor space 16, and the other end 44b opens to the outside air. It is preferable that both ends 44a and 44b face downward. This is to prevent water or the like from entering. The use of such a cool tube formed of the communication pipe 44 is more convenient because the ventilation in the inner ventilation layer 7 can be achieved while effectively utilizing the cold or warm soil temperature.

Further, according to the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a heat exchanger 50 for collecting solar heat is provided outside the outer wall member 4a on the south side, and upper and lower ends of the heat exchanger 50 are arranged. May be communicated with the inner ventilation layer 7 through the first communication path 52 and the second communication path 54. This heat exchange section 50 may be provided on the roofing material 4b. According to such an embodiment, it is possible to perform natural heating using solar heat in winter or cold regions, and to significantly reduce or eliminate heating costs. That is, the air warmed by the heat exchange section 50 is introduced into the inner ventilation layer 7 through the first communication passage 52 and warms the interior material of each room 10 while naturally convection inside the inner ventilation layer 7. The temperature in each room rises. It is preferable that the first communication passage 52 and the second communication passage 54 be covered with cover so that the heat of the inner ventilation layer 7 does not escape from the heat exchange section 50 when the weather is bad or at night.

[0035]

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the structure of the building having air permeability according to the present invention, the base heat insulating plate is stretched inside the cloth part constituting the outer peripheral cloth base, and the solid base is further provided. Since the solid base upper surface insulation plate is stretched on the upper surface of the base portion so as to abut the base insulation plate and cover at least a part of the solid base portion, heat dissipation from the solid base portion is reduced, The insulation (heat storage) of the underfloor space is also maintained, and dew condensation in the underfloor space can be effectively prevented.

[0036] Therefore, it is possible to prevent dew condensation on the base or the like, and it is possible to improve the durability of the building. In addition, since the temperature of the inner ventilation layer can be controlled independently, for example, the inner ventilation layer can be connected to a cool tube or the like that uses the temperature of the soil, or the upper part of the inner ventilation layer can be connected to outside air. By communicating, it is possible to achieve uniform natural cooling of each room by passing cool air under the floor through the inner ventilation layer in summer. Furthermore, by communicating the inner ventilation layer with a heat exchange section having a heat exchange function with solar heat through a communication passage, air warmed by solar heat in winter is introduced into the inner ventilation layer to provide uniform natural ventilation in each room. Heating can be achieved.

Also, in the present invention, since the cloth inner heat insulating plate is stretched inside the cloth forming the outer peripheral cloth foundation, concrete is exposed on the outdoor side of the outer peripheral cloth foundation. Therefore, termites living in the ground form an ant path inside the foamed heat insulation layer and reach the wood part such as the base, as in the case where a foamed heat insulation layer is formed on the outdoor side of the outer fabric base. It will not damage the building components such as beams, floors, columns, and exterior materials, maintain the heat insulation of the building, and improve the durability of the building.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing a structure of a building having air permeability according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part showing the vicinity of an underfloor ventilation port in the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the vicinity of the outer peripheral fabric foundation where the underfloor ventilation port according to the embodiment is not installed.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a building having air permeability according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a structure of a building having air permeability according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a conventional building having air permeability.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Perimeter cloth foundation 2 ... Building 4a ... Outer wall material 4b ... Roofing material 4c ... Inner wall material 5 ... Cloth inner heat insulation board 6 ... Outer ventilation layer 8 ... Heat insulation material 12 ... Underfloor ventilation opening 24 ... Underfloor opening / closing damper 29 ... Foundation 40 ... communication passage 44 ... communication pipe 50 ... heat exchange unit 60 ... underfloor insulation

Claims (4)

[Utility model registration claims] 1. A cloth inner heat insulating plate is stretched in a plane direction inside a cloth constituting a peripheral cloth foundation, and
A base heat insulating structure in which a solid base upper surface heat insulating plate which abuts the cloth inner heat insulating plate and covers at least a part of the solid base portion is provided on an upper surface of the solid base portion; A heat insulating material is stretched in the plane direction on the indoor side of the material and on the outdoor side of the inner wall material, so that an outer ventilation layer is provided on the outdoor side of the heat insulating material, and the underfloor space and the cabin space on the indoor side of the heat insulating material. And an inner ventilation layer that connects them is formed, and a communication path that penetrates the heat insulating material and the outer ventilation layer and communicates the inner ventilation layer and the outside air is provided. The structure of a building with ventilation. 2. A cloth inner heat insulating plate is stretched in the surface direction inside the cloth constituting the outer peripheral cloth base, and
A base heat insulating structure in which a solid base upper surface heat insulating plate which abuts the cloth inner heat insulating plate and covers at least a part of the solid base portion is provided on an upper surface of the solid base portion; A heat insulating material is stretched in the plane direction on the indoor side of the material and on the outdoor side of the inner wall material, so that an outer ventilation layer is provided on the outdoor side of the heat insulating material, and the underfloor space and the cabin space on the indoor side of the heat insulating material. And an inner ventilation layer that communicates them is formed, wherein the underfloor space communicating with the inner ventilation layer and the outside air are communicated through a communication pipe disposed underground. The structure of a building with character. 3. A cloth inner heat insulating plate is stretched in the surface direction inside the cloth constituting the outer peripheral cloth foundation,
A base heat insulating structure in which a solid base upper surface heat insulating plate which abuts the cloth inner heat insulating plate and covers at least a part of the solid base portion is provided on an upper surface of the solid base portion; A heat insulating material is stretched in the plane direction on the indoor side of the material and on the outdoor side of the inner wall material, so that an outer ventilation layer is provided on the outdoor side of the heat insulating material, and the underfloor space and the cabin space on the indoor side of the heat insulating material. And an inner ventilation layer that communicates them is formed, and a ventilation path is provided, which penetrates the heat insulating material and communicates the inner ventilation layer and the inside of the heat exchange section that is in contact with the outside air. The structure of a building with character. 4. A cloth part inner heat insulating plate is stretched in the surface direction inside the cloth part constituting the outer peripheral cloth foundation,
A base heat insulating structure in which a solid base upper heat insulating plate which abuts the cloth inner heat insulating plate and covers at least a part of the solid base portion is provided on an upper surface of the solid base portion; A heat insulating material is stretched in the plane direction on the indoor side of the material and on the outdoor side of the inner wall material, so that an outer ventilation layer is provided on the outdoor side of the heat insulating material, and the underfloor space and the cabin space on the indoor side of the heat insulating material. And an inner ventilation layer that connects them is formed, and a damper having heat insulation and airtightness that can be opened and closed is attached to the cloth portion of the outer peripheral foundation. A structure of a building having air permeability, characterized by being provided with a communication passage through which air flows.