JP3972131B2 - Housing ventilation method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a construction method in which a building body tends to be sealed with a change in how a house is built, by constructing the floor foundation of each floor using a floor panel having a ventilation function, It relates to a ventilation method for a house that ventilates the entire interior.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, in the construction of wooden houses, structural plywood is frequently used for wall structures and floor structures in order to rationalize the construction method and improve earthquake resistance. In floor construction, the conventional joist group is called the Nedaless construction method, and thick plywood is laid directly on horizontal materials such as foundations, overdraws, and floor beams, and flooring, carpets, tatami mats, etc. The construction of floor finishing is increasing and increasing. As such a floor base material, a floor panel formed with a structural plywood having a predetermined thickness and a standard size such as 3 × 6 × 1 m × 2 m is widely used.
[0003]
On the other hand, as a heat insulation method for buildings, an inner heat insulation method in which fiber-based heat insulating material is mainly filled between structural pillars, and a foam heat insulating material formed mainly in a plate shape on the outside of the structural pillars are faced outside. There is a heat insulation method, and in the outer heat insulation method, a roof heat insulation method in which a heat insulating material is faced outside the roof rafter is also performed. In addition, an underfloor ventilation opening is provided on the foundation of the outside of the building to allow ventilation in the underfloor space.However, air ventilation containing heat and moisture is not generated and complete ventilation is not performed. Means for ventilation are also used.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Houses that use a lot of structural plywood and heat insulation in this way have significantly improved building strength, airtightness, and heat insulation, but the building enclosure tends to be hermetically sealed, and hot and moisture are easily contained in the building enclosure. It has become a structure to stop. For this reason, condensation is likely to occur, and the life of structures such as pillars and beams is greatly affected, and it cannot be said that the living environment is a comfortable living space. Furthermore, if the floor structure is a conventional joist method, ventilation and ventilation can be achieved by the height of the joist, but in the nedaless method, the upper and lower spaces between the floor and the ceiling below each floor (hereinafter referred to as the lower space). The wall is completely cut off and no air is circulated at all, and the air containing hot air and moisture is retained in the height space of the horizontal member. .
[0005]
The present invention uses a floor panel having a ventilation function and constructs the floor foundation of each floor by the Nedaless method, and communicates the downstairs space and the wall body of each floor to achieve air circulation, and building by natural convection An object of the present invention is to provide a ventilation method that allows air to flow in the housing. The structure of pillars, beams, etc. can always be exposed to fresh air, promoting the humidity control of the wood, improving the durability of the building, and making the living environment suitable for the season, The purpose is to realize a comfortable living space that is cool and warm in winter.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the ventilation method for a house according to the present invention is such that a heat insulating material is applied to the outside of the pillar standing on the base and the outside of the roof rafter, and the heat insulating method of the building is constructed by the external heat insulating method. , A short groove-shaped ventilation slit groove cut at a predetermined depth from the edge on the back side of the structural plywood of a predetermined standard size, with a space at symmetrical positions on both long sides and both short sides A side-by-side floor panel is formed, and this floor panel is laid directly on a horizontal member such as a base, a large-drawer, a floor beam, etc., and the floor foundation of each floor is constructed by the nedaless method. And with the slit groove for ventilation arranged over the periphery of each floor surface, the underfloor space, the downstairs space and the wall body are communicated, and the opening position of each other is matched by contacting the small edge surface on the horizontal member A ventilation slit that spans the horizontal member is formed by the ventilation slit groove, and a small hole that communicates with the ventilation slit groove on the edge of the floor panel that is in contact with the floor panel at the position of the partition wall that divides each room. Open from. With the construction of the above floor panels, the building enclosure (underfloor space, downstairs space, wall, partition wall, and back of the hut) forms a ventilation layer, and the outer wall keeps the ventilation space outside the heat insulating material. In addition, a roof is constructed to form an outer ventilation layer that is always in communication with outside air. Then, a blow-off with an openable top exhaust port provided in the roof is constructed, a communication passage is provided to connect the blow-through and the back of the hut, and an openable underfloor ventilation port is provided on the outer base, and the underfloor ventilation port and the top A summer mode for opening an exhaust port and a winter mode for closing an underfloor ventilation port and a top exhaust port are provided.
[0007]
By constructing the floor foundation of each floor using a floor panel having a ventilation function in this way, a ventilation layer in which the entire building frame is in communication is formed, and air circulation in the building frame by natural convection is achieved.
[0008]
In addition, by constructing the outer wall and the roof while keeping the ventilation space outside the heat insulating material, and forming the outer ventilation layer that is always in communication with the outside air, fresh fresh air is always circulated to the outer ventilation layer outside the heat insulating material, The heat insulation of the building is improved. And the ventilation and ventilation of the ventilation layer where all the buildings are in communication are controlled according to the season by opening and closing the underfloor ventilation opening and the top exhaust opening to realize a comfortable living space that is cool in summer and warm in winter.
[0009]
Moreover, in order to prevent aging and erosion of the heat insulating material due to ants , the ventilation method for a house according to the present invention is intended to provide basic heat insulation by applying a heat insulating material on the inner peripheral surface of the outer foundation. In addition, the partition wall that divides each room is provided with an openable / closable through hole. The through hole is opened in the summer mode and closed in the winter mode. It is preferable to control the opening and closing .
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings.
1 to 4 show floor panels 10 and 10a used in the ventilation method of the present invention. The floor panel 10 shown in FIG. 1 is formed of a structural plywood having a size ratio of long side to short side of 2: 1, such as 3x6x, 1mx2m, etc. and a thickness of 27 mm or more. A short groove-shaped ventilation slit groove 15 cut at a predetermined depth from the edge is juxtaposed on the side at a predetermined interval.
[0011]
The ventilation slit groove 15 is arranged in a symmetrical position on both the long side and the short side, and when the floor panel 10 is laid on the horizontal member with the small face abutting, the ventilation slit of the floor panel 10 that abuts. It arrange | positions so that the opening position of the groove | channel 15 may correspond and it may communicate. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the ventilation slit groove 15 is arranged so that the opening positions thereof coincide with each other even when the floor panel 10 is laid with the two short sides abutting on the long side. The floor panel 10 can be laid flexibly in the vertical and horizontal directions according to the position of the horizontal member (such as the large pull 26 shown by an imaginary line in FIG. 3). Further, along the center of the back surface of the floor panel 10, long slit-shaped (approximately twice as long as the vent slit groove 15) vent slit grooves 16 are arranged at a specified interval.
[0012]
The floor panel 10a shown in FIG. 2 is formed of a structural plywood that is half the size of the floor panel 10. Similarly, a ventilation slit groove 15 that has a short groove shape from the edge on the back side is symmetrically positioned on the opposite side. Are juxtaposed at intervals.
[0013]
The house ventilation method of the present invention uses a rectangular plate-like floor panel 10, 10a formed of structural plywood of these standard dimensions, and constructs the floor foundation of each floor by the nedaless method. The concrete construction method is shown. In the figure, a foundation 20 is casted in concrete, and an openable underfloor ventilation port 22 is attached to an opening at an appropriate location of an outer foundation 20a that is raised at a predetermined height along the periphery. The surface of the outer foundation 20a is finished with a decorative mortar 21, and a heat insulating material 30 is applied on the inner peripheral surface (back surface side). In this way, as the basic heat insulation, the heat insulating material 30 is applied to the inner peripheral surface of the outer foundation 20a in contact with the outside air, thereby preventing aging and erosion caused by ants.
[0014]
A base 25 is bolted and fixed on the outer base 20a, and a large pull 26 is installed on the inner base 20b and the floor bundle that are set up at an appropriate interval from the outer base 20a. Then, the floor panel 10 is laid on the base 25 and the large pull 26 with the small edge surface in contact, and is sequentially fixed directly to these horizontal members with dedicated screws, and the ground floor of the first floor is constructed by the nedaless method.
[0015]
The heat insulation method of the building is an external heat insulation method, and a heat insulating material 30 is applied to the outside of the pillar 29 erected on the base 25, and an outer wall 32 is provided by providing a ventilation rim 31 on the outside thereof. The inner wall 33 is constructed on the indoor side. As a result, a ventilation space in the wall between the heat insulating material 30 and the inner wall 33 and a ventilation space between the heat insulating material 30 and the outer wall 32 are formed (see FIG. 6).
[0016]
In the floor panel 10 in which the small face is abutted on the large pull 26, a small hole 17 is opened from the surface at the edge of the floor panel 10 in contact with the floor panel 10 and communicated with the ventilation slit groove 15. (See FIG. 7). Since the ventilation slit groove 15 is formed at a predetermined position, the position of the ventilation slit groove 15 can be easily understood from the surface by preparing a ruler describing the position. Further, when the floor panel 10 is produced, the position of the ventilation slit groove 15 may be marked on the surface. A floor finishing material 34 is constructed on the floor panel 10, and interior finishes such as a ceiling material 35 and an inner wall 36 of the partition wall are sequentially constructed.
[0017]
On the second floor, the floor panel 10 is similarly laid on the trunk difference 39 and the floor beam 40, and the floor base is constructed. At the partition wall position, the ventilation slit groove 15 is formed at the edge of the floor panel 10 that abuts. A small hole 17 that communicates is opened from the surface. Further, in order to use the space behind the shed, the floor panel 10 is laid on the girders 41 and the shed beams 42, and the small holes 17 communicating with the ventilation slit grooves 15 are formed on the edge of the floor panel 10 in contact from the surface. Open.
[0018]
The heat insulating material 30 is applied to the outside of the roof rafter 43, and the roof 46 is constructed by constructing a ventilation rafter 44 and a field board 45 on the heat insulating material 30. As a result, a ventilation space is formed between the heat insulating material 30 and the roof 46 along the roof surface. This ventilation space communicates with the eaves vent 47 and the air flow between the heat insulating material 30 and the outer wall 32. It communicates with the space.
[0019]
By the construction of the floor panel 10 described above, ventilation slit grooves 15 are arranged at predetermined intervals along the entire periphery of each floor surface, and the ventilation slit grooves 15 form the underfloor space, the downstairs space, and the walls of the building. The inside of the body (between the heat insulating material 30 and the inner wall 33) communicates. In addition, the opening positions of the ventilation slit grooves 15 of the floor panel 10 in contact with the small edge surface on the horizontal member coincide with each other, and ventilation passages straddling the horizontal member are formed at a predetermined interval. When a horizontal member is disposed on the slab, an air passage that straddles the horizontal member is formed by the slit groove 16 having a long groove shape (see FIG. 3). Further, the underfloor space, the downstairs space, and the inside of the partition wall communicate with each other through the small hole 17 communicating with the ventilation slit groove 15. By the construction of the floor panel 10 described above, a ventilation layer is formed in which the building enclosure (underfloor space, downstairs space, wall, partition wall, and back of the hut) are all in communication.
[0020]
Next, the air flow of the house constructed in this way will be described.
The air flowing into the underfloor space from the underfloor ventilation port 22 (indicated by the solid line arrow in FIG. 5) is provided with a small hole 17 from the underfloor space into the wall body through the ventilation slit groove 15 disposed over the periphery of the first floor surface. It circulates from the space under the floor into the partition wall. Similarly, in the downstairs space on the second floor, air flows from the downstairs space into the wall body through the ventilation slit groove 15 arranged over the periphery of the second floor surface, and from the downstairs space into the partition wall through the small holes 17. Furthermore, the air that has flowed into the back of the shed is discharged to the outside through the shed back ventilation port, the top exhaust port (52 in FIG. 8 in the next example), and the like. In this way, the air that flows into the underfloor space flows through the building enclosure by natural convection, and in the downstairs space, air flows over the horizontal member in the ventilation path straddling the horizontal member, improving air permeability. It is illustrated.
[0021]
The air (broken arrow in FIG. 5) that flows into the ventilation space between the heat insulating material 30 and the outer wall 32 rises in the ventilation space and flows into the eaves space from the eaves ventilating port 47. It merges with air, flows through the ventilation space between the heat insulating material 30 and the roof 46, and is discharged from the building exhaust port (55 in FIG. 8 in the next example). As described above, the outer ventilation layer through which the outside air constantly circulates is formed outside the heat insulating material 30.
[0022]
8 and 9 show an optimum application example of the house ventilation method according to the present invention.
In the house shown in the figure, by constructing the floor foundation of each floor using the floor panel 10 as described above, a ventilation layer in which the entire building frame is in communication is formed, and the outer wall is maintained with a ventilation space outside the heat insulating material 30. By constructing the roof 32 and the roof 46, an outer ventilation layer that is always in communication with the outside air is formed, and a building exhaust port 55 that discharges air flowing through the outer ventilation layer is provided.
[0023]
A part of the ceiling part of the second floor is provided with an openable top exhaust port 52 (skylight) in the roof part, and an atrium 50 that communicates with the interior is constructed through the back of the hut. The hut 51 and the indoor side are in communication with each other. In addition to daylighting, the blow-through 50 opens the top exhaust port 52 to ventilate indoor air by the rising airflow, and is therefore most preferably provided in the staircase space. In addition, an openable / closable through hole 53 is provided in a partition wall that divides each room, and the through hole 53 is formed on the wall surface of the upper portion of the door.
[0024]
This house has a summer mode shown in FIG. 8 and a winter mode shown in FIG.
In the summer mode of FIG. 8, the underfloor ventilation port 22 and the top exhaust port 52 are opened. By setting in this way, the air that has flowed into each room from the opening of a building such as a window circulates indoors through the door opening or through-hole 53 and rises through the blow-off 50 to the outside from the top exhaust port 52. Discharged. In addition, air flowing into the underfloor space from the underfloor ventilation port 22 circulates in the building housing, flows into the blow-through 50 from the communication passage 51 at the back of the hut, and is discharged from the top exhaust port 52 to the outside.
[0025]
In this way, in summer mode, the air flowing through the building enclosure and the indoor air are actively ventilated by temperature differential ventilation that makes the best use of air characteristics, releasing hot air and moisture outdoors, and the building gets heat in the summer. As a result, radiant heat that radiates into the room is prevented, and a moderate updraft is generated in the room to achieve coolness by natural ventilation.
[0026]
In the winter mode of FIG. 9, the window opening, the underfloor ventilation port 22 and the top exhaust port 52 located in the heat insulating layer (thermal boundary portion) are closed to make the building hermetically sealed. By setting in this way, the solar heat, heating and other daily heat generated by the building through windows and other openings are not released to the outside, and the inside of the building surrounded by the heat insulating material 30 (within the thermal boundary) Acquired by storing heat in structural frames, furniture and other objects. In the building enclosure, air is gently convected due to the characteristics of the air, so condensation can be suppressed as much as possible. In addition, the foundation 20 is used as a geothermal acquisition or heat storage body, and by forming a soil-conditioning space 23 for humidity control at an appropriate location, the natural humidity-controlling action of this soil-space 23 allows the interior of the building to be used even in the overdried season in winter. Then, moderate humidity can be obtained.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
The house ventilation method according to the present invention uses the floor panel 10 having a ventilation function and constructs the floor foundation of each floor by the nedaless method, so that a ventilation path straddling the horizontal member is formed and the air is horizontal. By opening the small hole 17 that communicates with the ventilation slit groove 15 that forms the ventilation path that straddles the horizontal member, the air permeability of the underfloor space and the downstairs space is improved. It is possible to communicate the space, the downstairs space, and the inside of the partition wall. As a result, a ventilation layer is formed in which the entire building frame is in communication, and air is circulated in the building frame by natural convection, so that structures such as columns and beams can always touch fresh air. Promote dampening, improve the durability of the building, and improve the ventilation of the downstairs space below each floor, which was a problem of the Nedaless construction method, without any hot air or moisture remaining in the building enclosure. Can do.
[0028]
In addition, the floor panel 10 used in the housing ventilation method of the present invention is simply manufactured by cutting the ventilation slit groove 15 on the side of the structural plywood. It is not inferior in strength and rigidity. Furthermore, it can be constructed by laying directly on the horizontal member without changing from the conventional method by a reasonable nedaless construction method, and it is extremely excellent in workability.
[0029]
Also, fresh outside air is constantly circulated through the outer ventilation layer outside the heat insulating material to improve the heat insulation of the building, and ventilation and ventilation of the ventilation layer where the entire building frame is communicated are connected to the underfloor ventilation port 22 and the top. The opening / closing operation of the exhaust port 52 is controlled according to the season, and opening / closing operations such as windows and doors are also opened / closed. In the summer mode, the heat and moisture acquired by the building are actively released to the outdoors. In addition to preventing the unpleasant radiant heat phenomenon and creating a moderate updraft inside the building to achieve natural air cooling, the winter mode escapes the solar heat, heating and other daily heat generated by the building to the outdoors. The heat is stored in the thermal boundary so that soft warmth is achieved at moderate humidity. In this way, a natural and comfortable living environment that does not rely much on the cooling and heating of the machine is realized.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a rear view of a floor panel used in a house ventilation method according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a back view of a half-sized floor panel.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a back surface in a state where a floor panel is laid with two short sides abutting on the long side.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view of a back corner of the floor panel.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part showing a construction method of a house ventilation method according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing wall construction.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the construction of the partition wall position.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a summer mode in an application example of the house ventilation method according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing the winter mode in the same manner.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Floor panel 15 Ventilation slit groove 17 Small hole 20a Outer base 22 Underfloor ventilation opening 25 Base 29 Pillar 30 Heat insulating material 32 Outer wall 33 Inner wall 46 Roof 50 Blow-out 52 Top exhaust port 53 Through-hole

Claims (3)

The heat insulating material 30 is faced on the outside of the pillar 29 erected on the base 25 and the outside of the roof rafter 43, and the heat insulating method of the building is constructed by an external heat insulating method.
On the back side of the structural plywood of a predetermined standard size, a short groove-shaped ventilation slit groove 15 cut at a predetermined depth from the edge is provided with a space at a symmetrical position on both long sides and both short sides. Forming juxtaposed floor panels 10,
This floor panel 10 is directly laid on a horizontal member such as the base 25, the fork 26, the floor beam 40, etc., and the floor foundation of each floor is constructed by the nedaless method.
With the ventilation slit groove 15 arranged over the periphery of each floor, the floor space, the floor space (upper and lower spaces between the floor and the ceiling of each floor) and the wall (between the heat insulating material 30 and the inner wall 33) In the ventilation slit groove 15 in which the opening position of each of the horizontal members is in contact with the small mouth surface on the horizontal member, a ventilation path straddling the horizontal member is formed.
At the position of the partition wall that divides each room, a small hole 17 that communicates with the slit groove 15 for ventilation is opened from the surface at the edge portion of the floor panel 10 that abuts.
Construction of the floor panel 10 as described above forms a ventilation layer in which the building enclosure (underfloor space, downstairs space, wall body, partition wall, and back of the hut) all communicate with each other and keeps the ventilation space outside the heat insulating material 30. The outer wall 32 and the roof 46 are constructed to form an outer ventilation layer that is always in communication with the outside air.
A blow-off 50 having an openable top exhaust port 52 provided in the roof portion is constructed, a communication passage 51 that connects the blow-through 50 and the back of the hut is provided, and an openable underfloor ventilation port 22 is provided on the outer base 20a. A ventilation method for a house having a summer mode in which the ventilation port 22 and the top exhaust port 52 are opened and a winter mode in which the underfloor ventilation port 22 and the top exhaust port 52 are closed. The ventilation method for a house according to claim 1, wherein the heat insulating material 30 is stretched on the inner peripheral surface of the outer foundation 20a. The ventilation method for a house according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an openable / closable through hole 53 is provided in a partition wall partitioning each room.

Images