JP4105518B2 - building - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a building that can cool a room when it is hot in summer, and particularly to a building that can efficiently cool a roof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When it is hot in summer, the roof of the building is heated by solar heat and becomes extremely hot. In particular, roof materials such as tiles and slate that are laid on the roof have a large heat capacity, so that once heated, it takes time to cool, and it takes time to cool down at night. In addition, since the outside air does not enter the attic, it may reach a high temperature exceeding 60 ° C. in fine weather in summer. For this reason, in a two-story building, the temperature on the second floor is considerably higher than on the first floor. In order to eliminate this harmful effect, a heat insulating material is stretched under a roof material such as a tile. Insulation will minimize the transmission of heat from the roof to the room.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Despite the fact that the roof has insulation, the actual temperature of the conventional building is considerably higher on the second floor. Even at night, it takes a long time for the temperature on the second floor to drop. This is because it is extremely difficult for the heat insulating material stretched on the roof to be heated to a high temperature and effectively prevent the heat of the roof material from entering the room. Furthermore, the extremely high solar heat energy, 1 kW per square meter, makes it difficult to cool the roof.
[0004]
In order to make the roof of a building cool as much as possible, a mechanism for exhausting air from the attic to the eaves of the roof has been developed. This building forces the attic air to exhaust or naturally exhausts, reducing the temperature of the attic. This structure has a problem that it is difficult to surely prevent rainwater from entering, and rainwater tends to intrude particularly in strong winds such as typhoons. When rainwater invades the roof, it also causes a harmful effect of corroding wood such as field boards. In particular, in order to cool the attic, a structure that exhausts a large amount of air in the attic makes it easy for rainwater to enter. For this reason, the air ventilation volume of an attic is restricted and the temperature of an attic cannot be reduced efficiently.
[0005]
The present invention has been developed for the purpose of solving this drawback. An important object of the present invention is to provide a building that can cool a roof efficiently when it is hot in summer and cools the room.
In addition, another important object of the present invention is to provide a building that has a structure that does not leak rain and that can simplify maintenance and cool the roof.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The building of the present invention includes a pair of roofs that are inclined upwardly toward the ridge 44 on both sides of the ridge 44. In this roof structure, a partition wall 3 is provided downward from the roof plate 20, and an outside air ventilation layer 4 is provided between the partition wall 3 and the roof plate 20. The pair of outside air ventilation layers 4 arranged on both sides of the ridge portion 44 are connected to each other at the ridge portion 44 of the roof, and are connected to each other so that air can flow. Further, the pair of outside air ventilation layers 4 disposed on both sides of the ridge portion 44 open to the outside of the building through the outside air ventilation port 27. In this building, outside air is circulated from one outside air ventilation port 27 to the other outside air ventilation port 27, and outside air is circulated through the pair of outside air ventilation layers 4.
[0007]
Further, a partition wall 3 is provided inside the wall of the building, and the inside of the wall is partitioned into a planned ventilation layer 5 and an outside air ventilation layer 4 for ventilating the outside air, and the partition wall 3 provided on the roof and the wall. Are connected to each other, and the ceiling back duct 26, which is the planned ventilation layer 5 of the roof, is connected to the planned ventilation layer 5 of the wall, and the outdoor ventilation layer 4 of the wall is connected to the roof. Further, the partition wall 3 is a conifer that contracts when the humidity in the air becomes low by extending a plate-like natural wood 3A made of conifers in a horizontal direction so as to form a ventilation gap 17 and fixing it to the pillars 14 horizontally. With the natural wood 3A, the ventilation gap 17 is widened to facilitate passage of air, and when the humidity in the air increases, the ventilation gap 17 is narrowed with the natural wood 3A to expand so that it is difficult to pass air. Yes. Further, the partition wall 3 is provided with a waterproof sheet 21 that restricts the passage of water and allows air to pass through on the surface on the outer wall side. Furthermore, it has an exhaust duct 8 for exhausting room air to the outdoor air ventilation layer 4 on the wall, and the room is connected to the planned ventilation layer 5 through the ventilation hole 7, and the exhaust duct 8 includes a forced ventilation mechanism. 9 and the forced ventilation mechanism 9 exhausts the room air so that the air of the planned ventilation layer 5 flows into the room.
[0008]
The roof plate 20 can have a structure in which a roof material 45 such as a tile or a slate is spread on the base material 19. Further, in the building of the present invention, an intermediate plate 46 is disposed in one or more layers between the roof plate 20 and the partition wall 3, and the outside air ventilation layer 4 is partitioned into a plurality of layers by the intermediate plate 46. can do. Further, in the building of the present invention, the trunk edge 11 is fixed between the base material 19 and the partition wall 3, and the outside air ventilation layer 4 is provided between the base material 19 and the partition wall 3 at the trunk edge 11. it can. The body edge 11 can fix the intermediate plate 4 and the heat insulating material 10 between the roof plate 20 and the partition wall 3. The intermediate plate 46 may be the heat insulating material 10.
[0009]
Furthermore, the building of the present invention is provided with an open / close lid 47 that can be opened and closed at one or both of the outside air vents 27 of the outside air ventilation layer 4, opens the open / close lid 47, and vents outside air to the outside air ventilation layer 4. Can be closed to prevent the outside air ventilation layer 4 from being ventilated. The outside air ventilation port 27 of the outside air ventilation layer 4 can be opened under the eaves of the roof. Furthermore, the building of this invention can provide the plan ventilation layer 5 which is the ceiling back duct 26 in the room side of the partition wall 3 provided in the roof, and can connect the plan ventilation layer 5 indoors.
[0010]
Furthermore, the building of this invention can provide the division wall 3 in the inside of a wall, and can divide the inside of the wall into the plan ventilation layer 5 and the external air ventilation layer 4 which ventilates external air. Further, in this building, the roof and the partition wall 3 provided on the wall can be connected to each other, and the ceiling back duct 26 that is the planned ventilation layer 5 of the roof can be connected to the planned ventilation layer 5 of the wall. Furthermore, the building of this invention connects the partition wall 3 provided in the roof and the wall mutually, and connects the outdoor air ventilation layer 4 of a roof and a wall. In this building, the outside air ventilation layer 4 of the roof and the wall can be opened to the outside by an outside air vent 27 provided at the boundary between the roof and the wall.
[0011]
Furthermore, the building of the present invention communicates the wall located on the south side of the building with the outside air ventilation layer 4 of the roof without opening to the outside, and opens the lower part of the outside air ventilation layer 4 on the outside of the building. The outside air ventilation layer 4 of the wall and roof located on the north side can be opened outside the building by an outside air ventilation port 27 provided under the eaves. Furthermore, the building of the present invention can be provided with an exhaust duct 8 for exhausting indoor air to the outside air ventilation layer 4 on the wall or outside the building.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the example shown below illustrates the building for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention does not specify the building as the following.
[0013]
Further, in this specification, in order to facilitate understanding of the scope of claims, the numbers corresponding to the members shown in the embodiments are referred to as “claims” and “means for solving the problems”. It is added to the member shown by. However, the members shown in the claims are not limited to the members in the embodiments.
[0014]
The building shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 includes a pair of roofs that are inclined upwardly toward the ridge 44 on both sides of the ridge 44. In this roof structure, a partition wall 3 is provided downward from the roof plate 20, and an outside air ventilation layer 4 is provided between the roof plate 20 and the partition wall 3 by the partition wall 3. The pair of outside air ventilation layers 4 arranged on both sides of the ridge portion 44 are connected to each other at the roof ridge portion 44 so as to be able to circulate air to each other. Further, the pair of outside air ventilation layers 4 are opened outside the building at the outside air ventilation ports 27 on both sides of the roof so that the outside air can be distributed naturally or forcibly. The pair of outside air ventilation layers 4 provided with the outside air ventilation ports 27 on both sides circulate the outside air from one outside air ventilation port 27 to the other outside air ventilation port 27 to circulate the outside air. When the outside air circulated through the outside air ventilation layer 4 is hot in the summer, the roof plate 20 is forcibly cooled from the lower surface. Buildings with this structure can significantly improve the substantial thermal insulation properties compared to conventional buildings that simply insulate the lower surface of the roof plate 20. Moreover, since the roof plate 20 is forcibly cooled by the outside air, there is also a feature that the temperature of the roof plate 20 can be quickly reduced.
[0015]
The reason that the outside air is naturally ventilated by the outside air ventilation layer 4 is due to the action of natural convection and the action of wind. On the both sides of the ridge portion 44 and the upwardly inclined roof toward the ridge portion 44, either one of the roofs is strongly struck by sunlight. For example, the roof on the south slope is more exposed to sunlight than the roof on the north slope. The roof plate 20 on the side where the sunlight rays are strongly hit is heated to a higher temperature than the roof plate 20 on the north slope. The heated roof plate 20 warms and lightens the air in the outside air ventilation layer 4 below. The lightened air rises inside the outdoor air ventilation layer 4 on the south slope. Although the air in the outdoor air ventilation layer 4 on the north slope is also warmed, it is not heated like the air in the outdoor air ventilation layer 4 on the south slope, and the rise in the air in the outdoor air ventilation layer 4 on the south slope becomes significant. For this reason, the air in the outdoor air ventilation layer 4 on the south slope, which is warmed more efficiently, rises vigorously here and flows from the outdoor air ventilation layer 4 on the south slope into the outdoor air ventilation layer 4 on the north slope, and the outside air on the north slope The air in the ventilation layer 4 is discharged outside the building. That is, the air in the pair of outside air ventilation layers 4 is circulated while naturally convection from the south slope to the north slope, and cools the roof plate 20 from the lower surface. Even if a pair of roofs do not face the south and north slopes, for example, even if the ridge is extended from north to south and becomes the west and east slopes, in the morning and afternoon, there is sunlight on one roof. A strong irradiance causes the same convection effect. The roof plate 20 heated by the sun rays ventilates a large amount of air to the outside air ventilation layer 4 as the summer is hot, and efficiently forcibly cools it. This is because the convection of the outside air ventilation layer 4 becomes more severe as the roof plate 20 is heated. For this reason, the roof plate 20 can be efficiently cooled as the summer heats up. Since the outside air is naturally ventilated to the outside air ventilation layer 4, it is not always necessary to forcibly blow outside air to the outside air ventilation layer 4. However, it goes without saying that the roof plate 20 can be cooled by forcibly blowing air to the outside air ventilation layer 4.
[0016]
Further, the outside air ventilation layer 4 may be forced to blow not only by natural convection but also by wind. This is because when wind is strongly blown to one of the outside air vents 27, the wind is guided to the outside air vent 27 and passes through the inside. Fortunately, the southern wind blows mainly in Japan when it is hot in summer. The south wind is blown to the outside air vent 27 on the south slope, and forcibly blows the air in the outside air ventilation layer 4 on the south slope from the south slope to the north slope. If it will be in this state, external air will be effectively ventilated by the external air ventilation layer 4 by the synergistic effect of the temperature difference by sunlight and the wind.
[0017]
The building shown in FIG. 1 is provided with an outside air vent 27 at the lower end of the outside air ventilation layer 4 on the roof. This outside air ventilation port 27 is opened under the eaves so that rainwater does not enter. Further, in the building shown in the figure, partition walls 3 are provided on both the roof and the wall, and an outside air ventilation layer 4 is provided on the roof and the wall. The partition walls 3 of the roof and the wall are connected to each other at the boundary between the roof and the wall. The outdoor air ventilation layer 4 on the wall has a structure in which the upper end and the lower end are opened to the outside of the building so that the outdoor air ventilation layer 4 on the wall can be naturally ventilated. The lower end portion of the outdoor air ventilation layer 4 on the wall is opened outside the building as an outdoor air ventilation port 27. The upper end portion of the outdoor air ventilation layer 4 on the wall is connected to the lower end portion of the outdoor air ventilation layer 4 on the roof. Therefore, the upper end portion of the outdoor air ventilation layer 4 on the wall is opened to the outside of the building through the outdoor air vent 27 at the lower end portion of the outdoor air ventilation layer 4 on the roof. This building flows in from the lower end of the outside air ventilation layer 4 of the wall located on the south side, and rises by being warmed by the outside air ventilation layer 4 and from the outside air vent 27 provided under the eaves located on the south side. Air flows into the outdoor air ventilation layer 4 of the roof on the south slope. The convection air that flows into the outdoor air ventilation layer 4 on the north slope from the outdoor air ventilation layer 4 on the roof on the south slope and the air that flows up and rises from the lower end of the outdoor air ventilation layer 4 on the wall on the north side are on the north side. It is discharged out of the building through an outside air vent 27 provided under the eaves.
[0018]
Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the building of the present invention is provided with an outside air ventilation layer 4 on the wall, and the wall located on the south side of the building and the outside air ventilation layer 4 on the roof can communicate with each other without opening to the outside. it can. The lower part of the outside air ventilation layer 4 on the wall is opened outside the building as an outside air ventilation port 27. A wall located on the north side of the building and an outdoor air ventilation layer 4 on the roof are opened to the outside of the building by an outdoor air vent 27 provided under the eaves. The building having this structure can circulate the outside air of the outside air ventilation layer 4 more smoothly. That is, the south wall and the roof are strongly heated by sunlight, the air in the outside air ventilation layer 4 is warmed and lightened, and the outside air ventilation layer 4 on the north side is vigorously convected from the wall to the outside air ventilation layer 4 on the roof. Because it pushes out the air.
[0019]
Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the building of the present invention is connected to the outside air ventilation layer 4 on the wall without opening the outside air ventilation layer 4 on both the south slope and the north slope to the outside, so that the outside air ventilation on the wall. The outside air vent 27 provided at the lower end of the layer 4 can be opened outside the building. Also in this building, the roof and walls on the south side are strongly heated by sunlight, so that the air in the outside air ventilation layer 4 on the walls and the roof rises vigorously and the outside air convected to the outside air ventilation layer 4 can be distributed.
[0020]
The building shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is provided with a partition wall 3 between an outer wall 1 located on the outdoor side of the building and an indoor panel 2 located on the indoor side of the building. The outside air ventilation layer 4 is partitioned. In the building shown in the figure, an outside air ventilation layer 4 is provided between the outer wall 1 and the partition wall 3, and a planned ventilation layer 5 is provided between the partition wall 3 and the indoor panel 2. Further, in the buildings shown in these drawings, the roof and the wall partition wall 3 are connected, and the planned ventilation layer 5 of the roof and the wall is connected. Buildings with a planned ventilation layer on the roof and walls can control the ventilation in the wall to an ideal state.
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, a building that divides the interior of the wall into a planned ventilation layer 5 and an outside air ventilation layer 4 is connected to the planned ventilation layer 5 of the wall through ventilation holes 7, The air of the ventilation layer 5 is supplied indoors. Furthermore, the building shown in the figure includes an exhaust duct 8 for exhausting indoor air to the outside air ventilation layer 4 or the outside of the building. The building in FIG. 1 includes an in-wall exhaust duct 8 </ b> A that exhausts indoor air to the outside air ventilation layer 4. The building in FIG. 3 includes an outdoor exhaust duct 8B that exhausts indoor air to the outside of the building. Further, the building of FIG. 2 includes an in-wall exhaust duct 8A that exhausts indoor air to the outside air ventilation layer 4, and an outdoor exhaust duct 8B that exhausts indoor air to the outside of the building. The in-wall exhaust duct 8A exhausts indoor air to the outside air ventilation layer 4, and the outdoor exhaust duct 8B ventilates indoor air to the outside of the building. The building shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 is provided with either the in-wall exhaust duct 8A or the outdoor exhaust duct 8B. However, the building has an in-wall exhaust duct in any of a plurality of rooms provided in the building. 8A can be provided, and the outdoor exhaust duct 8B can be provided in another room. Depending on the room, both the in-wall exhaust duct 8A and the outdoor exhaust duct 8B can be provided.
[0022]
Although the exhaust duct 8A into the wall and the exhaust duct 8B to the outside are not shown, a mechanism such as an on-off valve that can control the exhaust state of the air can be incorporated to control the exhaust amount of the room air. Further, the building shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 includes a forced ventilation mechanism 9 for forcibly exhausting the room air into the exhaust duct 8A into the wall and the exhaust duct 8B to the outdoors. The forced ventilation mechanism 9 is a fan that is rotated by a motor. This forced ventilation mechanism 9 can control the exhaust speed of the room air by controlling the rotational speed of the fan. As described above, when the forced ventilation mechanism 9 is provided in the exhaust duct 8 and the indoor air is forcibly discharged to the outside, the indoor atmospheric pressure becomes negative, but the air in the planned ventilation layer 5 passes through the ventilation hole 7 and the width wood 50. Since it passes through and flows into the room, the atmospheric pressure balance can be maintained. Therefore, vents such as the lower part of the door are not required, and heating can be performed efficiently and a beautiful design can be achieved. However, the exhaust duct 8 </ b> A into the wall and the exhaust duct 8 </ b> B to the outside can be configured to naturally exhaust indoor air without providing a forced ventilation mechanism, as shown in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 2, the exhaust duct 8 </ b> A into the wall and the exhaust duct 8 </ b> B to the outside can naturally exhaust indoor air by connecting the room and the outside air ventilation layer 4 or the outside of the building with a duct. it can.
[0023]
A ventilation hole 7 penetrating the indoor panel 2 is opened to the indoor side. Further, the width wood 50 is fixed to the indoor panel 2 so as to conceal the indoor opening of the ventilation hole 7 but not to block it. In the building shown in the figure, a skirting board 50A is fixed to a boundary between a wall and a floor as a width timber 50, and a ceiling peripheral edge 50B is fixed to a boundary between the wall and the ceiling. Further, although not shown in the drawings, as the width timber 50, a forehead can be fixed to conceal the indoor opening of the ventilation hole. As for the building, the position which fixes baseboard 50A, the ceiling periphery 50B, and a forehead is decided. For this reason, the building opens the ventilation hole 7 at a position where the width timber 50 is fixed, and the width timber 50 conceals the opening of the ventilation hole 7.
[0024]
The air of the planned ventilation layer 5 passes through the filter medium 40 such as barley stone, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon, etc., and further passes through the ventilation hole 7 and the width wood 50 of the indoor panel 2 and is supplied indoors. The filter medium 40 is disposed in the ventilation hole 7 of the indoor panel 2 or is disposed in the planned ventilation layer 5 in the vicinity of the ventilation hole 7. The filter medium 40 is disposed in the ventilation hole 7 or the planned ventilation layer 5 so that it can be replaced. In order to replace the filter medium 40, the width wood 50 is fixed to the indoor panel 2 so as to be removable. The width wood 50 is removed, the opening on the indoor side of the ventilation hole 7 is opened, and the filter medium 40 disposed in the ventilation hole 7 or the planned ventilation layer 5 is replaced. This building can supply clear air from which odors and the like have been removed by the filter medium 40 into the room.
[0025]
Furthermore, the building of FIG. 1 thru | or FIG. 3 is providing the plan ventilation layer 5 by providing a clearance gap between the floor board 23 of an indoor side, and the platform 24 provided under the floor as a floor structure. The planned ventilation layer 5 on the wall and the planned ventilation layer 5 on the floor communicate with each other.
[0026]
Furthermore, the building shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is provided with a ceiling back duct 26 as the planned ventilation layer 5 as a lower layer of the outside air ventilation layer 4 in the roof. The ceiling back duct 26 which is the planned ventilation layer 5 of the roof is connected to the planned ventilation layer 5 provided on the wall of the building. The planned ventilation layer 5 provided on the wall and the floor and the ceiling duct 26 which is the planned ventilation layer 5 of the roof provided on the attic are connected to each other so that air can be circulated. Further, in the building shown in the figure, a ceiling duct 26 that is the planned ventilation layer 5 of the roof is connected to the outdoor air ventilation layer 4 of the roof through a roof ventilation port 25 provided in the partition wall 3. The roof ventilation opening 25 can be provided with a shutter 38 and a forced ventilation mechanism 39 which are opened and closed by detecting temperature or manually opened and closed. When this building is cold, the shutter 38 of the roof ventilation opening 25 is opened, or the forced ventilation mechanism 39 is operated, so that the warm air heated by the outdoor air ventilation layer 4 of the roof is the ceiling duct that is the planned ventilation layer 5. 26. Warm air in the ceiling duct 26 is supplied into the room through the ventilation hole 7.
[0027]
The exhaust duct 8 </ b> A into the wall exhausts indoor air to the outside air ventilation layer 4 as indicated by arrows in FIGS. 1 and 2. The air temperature of the outside air ventilation layer 4 to which room air is supplied from the exhaust duct 8A into the wall is a temperature between the room air temperature and the outside air temperature. For example, when it is cold in winter, warm indoor air is exhausted to the outside air ventilation layer 4, so that the air temperature of the outside air ventilation layer 4 becomes higher than the outside air temperature. The room air exhausted to the outside air ventilation layer 4 is humidified indoors and may have a higher absolute humidity than the outside air, so that it tends to form condensation when the temperature drops. However, when the indoor air is exhausted to the outside air ventilation layer 4 and the air temperature of the outside air ventilation layer 4 becomes high, the temperature difference between both sides of the partition wall 3 decreases, and the temperature of the exhausted air decreases at the partition wall 3. And there is no condensation on the partition wall 3. Further, since the outside air ventilation layer 4 is connected to the outside of the building for ventilation, this also prevents condensation on the inner surface of the partition wall 3. This is because the absolute humidity of the air in the outside air ventilation layer 4 is lowered by the outside air being ventilated. In addition, the indoor air exhausted to the outside air ventilation layer 4 is cooled on the inner surface of the outer wall 1, but is not condensed because it is ventilated here, and even if condensation occurs, the outside air is ventilated. Dry quickly.
[0028]
The outdoor exhaust duct 8B exhausts indoor air to the outside of the building as indicated by arrows in FIGS. Room air is not supplied to the outside air ventilation layer 4 and is connected to the outside of the building to ventilate the outside air, so that no condensation occurs inside the outside air ventilation layer 4. Further, no condensation occurs on the inner surface of the partition wall 3. This is because the room air is not supplied to the outside air ventilation layer 4.
[0029]
When the indoor air is exhausted to the outside air ventilation layer 4 or the outside, the pressure in the room decreases when the room is closed, and the air in the planned ventilation layer 5 flows into the room through the ventilation hole 7 and the width timber 50. Is done. The air of the planned ventilation layer 5 is warmer than the outside air temperature in the cold winter season and cooler than the outside air in the hot summer season. For this reason, by flowing the air of the planned ventilation layer 5 into the room, the room does not get cold in the winter and does not get hot in the summer, so that the efficiency of air conditioning can be improved.
[0030]
When the air exhaust duct 8A exhausts indoor air to the outside air ventilation layer 4 or the outdoor exhaust duct 8B exhausts indoor air outside the building, the air in the building flows as follows to be ventilated indoors. The
(1) When indoor air is exhausted from the exhaust duct 8A into the wall or the exhaust duct 8B to the outside and the room becomes negative pressure, the air in the planned ventilation layer 5 passes through the ventilation holes 7 and the width timber 50. Inhaled indoors. In a building in which the indoor side of the partition wall 3 is natural wood, an antioxidant or the like released from natural wood is added to the air of the planned ventilation layer 5. In particular, buildings using coniferous trees such as pine for natural wood release a lot of antioxidants through the planned ventilation layer 5. The antioxidant contained in the air of the planned ventilation layer 5 passes through the ventilation hole 7 and the width wood 50 and is supplied to the room together with the air.
[0031]
(2) When the air of the planned ventilation layer 5 is sucked into the room, the planned ventilation layer 5 becomes negative pressure, and the air is sucked here. This air passes through the roof ventilation port 25 and is sucked into the ceiling duct 26 which is the planned ventilation layer of the roof from the outdoor ventilation layer 4 of the roof, or is sucked into the planned ventilation layer 5 through the floor platform 24. The The roof ventilation opening 25 supplies air warmed by the roof to the planned ventilation layer 5 in the cold season of winter. The floor platform 24 supplies fresh underfloor air to the planned ventilation layer 5 through the gap when it is hot in summer. Further, in a building without the roof ventilation opening 25, air is sucked into the planned ventilation layer 5 from the outside air ventilation layer 4 through a fine gap in the partition wall 3. In particular, since the partition wall 3 in which the natural woods are arranged and fixed has a gap between the natural woods, air flows from the outside air ventilation layer 4 to the planned ventilation layer 5 through this gap.
[0032]
(3) The air exhausted from the room to the outside air ventilation layer 4 is ventilated outside the building by the outside air ventilation layer 4 where the outside air is ventilated. In addition, outside air is ventilated by the outside air ventilation layer 4 in a building that exhausts indoor air to the outside of the building by the outside exhaust duct 8B.
[0033]
In the above buildings, the forced ventilation mechanism 9 of the exhaust duct 8A into the wall and the exhaust duct 8B to the outside forcibly exhausts the indoor air to the outside air ventilation layer 4 and the building, or to the roof vent 25. A ventilation mechanism 39 is provided, and the forced ventilation mechanism 39 forcibly supplies air to the planned ventilation layer 5 for circulation. Moreover, the opening part of the exhaust duct 8A into the wall can be opened to the outside air ventilation layer 4, and the exhaust duct 8B to the outside can be opened outside the building so that the indoor air can be sucked out naturally. For example, one end of the exhaust duct 8 </ b> A into the wall can be opened to the outside air ventilation layer 4, and the air in the exhaust duct 8 </ b> A into the wall can be sucked out by an air flow that convects the outside air ventilation layer 4. This is because air has the property that the pressure decreases as the flow velocity increases, and therefore, when the air flows by convection in the outside air ventilation layer 4, the pressure of the opening of the exhaust duct 8A into the wall decreases and is sucked out. . Further, an outdoor exhaust duct 8B can be opened to the outside of the building and extended upward like a chimney as indicated by a chain line in FIG. 3 to be exhausted by convection.
[0034]
The detailed structure of the wall, floor, and roof of the building having the above structure will be described in detail below.
The horizontal sectional view of FIG. 6, the perspective view from which a part of FIG. 7 is removed, and the vertical sectional view of FIG. 8 show the wall structure of the building. In the wall structure shown in these figures, a partition wall 3 is arranged between an outer wall 1 located on the outdoor side of a building and an indoor panel 2 located on the indoor side of the building, and the outside air is ventilated on both surfaces of the partition wall 3. A layer 4 and a planned ventilation layer 5 are provided. The outside air ventilation layer 4 is provided between the outer wall 1 and the partition wall 3, and the planned ventilation layer 5 is provided between the partition wall 3 and the indoor panel 2.
[0035]
In the illustrated wall structure, the indoor panel 2 is fixed to the indoor side of the pillar 14, the partition wall 3 is fixed to the outdoor side, and the planned ventilation layer 5 is provided between the indoor panel 2 and the partition wall 3. In this wall structure, since the indoor panel 2 and the partition wall 3 are fixed to both surfaces of the pillar 14, the thickness of the pillar 14 is the width of the planned ventilation layer 5. However, since the brace 15 and the base material for fixing the indoor panel 2 are provided between the pillars 14, the substantial width of the planned ventilation layer 5 is narrowed by the brace. The planned ventilation layer 5 circulates indoor air. Therefore, the brace provided in the planned ventilation layer 5 is fixed between the columns 14 so as not to prevent the air circulation of the planned ventilation layer 5. In the illustrated wall structure, the width of the brace 15 is made narrower than the width of the planned ventilation layer 5 so that the air of the planned ventilation layer 5 can be circulated up and down.
[0036]
In the illustrated wall structure, a gypsum board or a natural board with a cloth on the surface is used as the indoor panel 2, but a soil wall can also be used for the indoor panel 2. The gypsum board and the natural board are fixed to the indoor side of the pillar 14 as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 6, while the indoor panel 2 of the earth wall 2A is fixed to the pillar 14 as shown in the horizontal cross-sectional view of FIG. Between. The planned ventilation layer 5 is provided between the indoor panel 2 of the earth wall 2 </ b> A and the partition wall 3 fixed to the pillar 14. A brace 15 narrower than the planned ventilation layer 5 is fixed to the planned ventilation layer 5 so that the air here can be ventilated up and down. However, the brace can also be structured so that air in the planned ventilation layer can be ventilated up and down by penetrating up and down.
[0037]
The partition wall 3 is arranged and fixed with natural wood 3A that expands and contracts due to humidity in the air so that a ventilation gap 17 is formed. The natural wood 3A has a thickness of 30 mm and a width of 135 mm. However, the natural wood 3A can have a thickness of 20 to 50 mm and a width of 50 to 200 mm. When the natural wood 3A is thickened, the heat insulating property and soundproofing property of the wall are improved. However, since the construction cost increases when the natural wood 3A is thickened, the optimum value is set in consideration of both the construction cost and the heat insulation characteristics. Coniferous trees such as cedar, pine and fir are suitable for the natural wood 3A. In particular, cedar has the advantage of having excellent heat insulating properties at low cost. It also has the feature of rapidly expanding and contracting with changes in humidity. However, Japanese cypress, drill, etc. can be used for natural wood. Pine and cypress have excellent soundproofing and hygroscopic properties, and drill has excellent heat insulating properties.
[0038]
As shown in FIG. 8, the plate-like natural wood 3 </ b> A extends horizontally and is fixed to the pillar 14 horizontally. Further, the strength of the physical strength wall can be increased by nailing directly to the brace 15. The natural wood 3A expands and contracts with the humidity in the air, contracts when the humidity in the air decreases, and expands when the humidity in the air increases. Therefore, the ventilation gap 17 provided between the natural timbers 3A is widened to facilitate passage of air when the humidity is low, and narrows the ventilation gap 17 to prevent passage of air when the humidity is high. The ventilation gap 17 provided between the natural woods 3A of the partition wall 3 is automatically controlled by the humidity. Since the ventilation gap 17 becomes narrow when the humidity is high, the air flow between the outside air ventilation layer 4 and the planned ventilation layer 5 is blocked or reduced. When the humidity is lowered, the ventilation gap 17 is widened, and the air between the outside air ventilation layer 4 and the planned ventilation layer 5 is easily circulated. That is, air flows between the planned ventilation layer 5 and the outside air ventilation layer 4.
[0039]
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the partition wall 3 cut vertically. The partition wall 3 is provided with a connecting ridge 31 on the upper surface of the natural wood 3A, and a connecting groove 32 for guiding the connecting ridge 31 on the lower surface. This partition wall 3 connects the adjacent natural wood 3A by guiding the connecting protrusion 31 of the natural wood 3A to the connecting groove 32 of the adjacent natural wood 3A. Further, in order to adjust the ventilation gap 17 by the contraction of the natural wood 3A, the partition wall 3 gradually narrows the width of the connecting protrusion 31 toward the tip, and the width of the connecting groove 32 toward the opening. It is trying to be wide. When this natural wood 3A expands and approaches each other, the ventilation gap 17 becomes narrower. On the contrary, when the natural wood 3A contracts and separates from each other, the ventilation gap 17 becomes wide. However, the natural wood 3A can be processed to have a rectangular cross section as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG.
[0040]
The natural wood 3A is fixed to the pillar 14 so that the ventilation gap 17 is closed when the humidity is high, for example, when the humidity reaches 80%. Therefore, the natural wood 3 </ b> A adjusts the size of the ventilation gap 17 by the humidity when it is fixed to the pillar 14. When the humidity is 80% or more, it is fixed to the pillar 14 so that there is no gap between the adjacent natural wood 3A. When the humidity is low, the width of the ventilation gap 17 is adjusted by the humidity and fixed to the column 14. When adjusting and fixing the ventilation gap 17 of the natural wood 3A, a spacer is used. The spacer is sandwiched between the natural woods 3A and used as a thickness gauge. After fixing the natural wood 3A, the spacer is removed.
[0041]
The partition wall 3 shown in the figure has a waterproof sheet 21 stretched on the surface on the outer wall 1 side. The waterproof sheet 21 is disposed in the outside air ventilation layer 4 between the partition wall 3 and the outer wall 1, and prevents water from passing through the partition wall 3. Therefore, the waterproof sheet 21 is a plastic sheet that restricts the passage of water and allows air to pass. The waterproof sheet 21 is preferably the one that preferably blocks water and allows only air to pass. The partition wall 3 with the waterproof sheet 21 has a feature that even when water enters the outside air ventilation layer 4, the water can be prevented from passing through the planned ventilation layer 5.
[0042]
Furthermore, the wall structure fixes the outer wall 1 apart from the partition wall 3, and provides an outside air ventilation layer 4 between the partition wall 3 and the outer wall 1. In the illustrated wall structure, a trunk edge 11 is fixed to the partition wall 3, an outer wall 1 is fixed to the trunk edge 11, and an outside air ventilation layer 4 is provided. The trunk edge 11 has the heat insulating material 10 disposed in the outside air ventilation layer 4. The heat insulating material 10 is formed by foaming a synthetic resin into a plate shape so as to have closed cells. However, it goes without saying that a heat insulating material other than the synthetic resin foam can be used as the heat insulating material. The trunk edge 11 is disposed at the boundary of the heat insulating material 10, and fixes the heat insulating material 10 at a fixed position of the outside air ventilation layer 4. The body edge 11 is provided with holding projections 12 for fixing the heat insulating material 10 protruding from both sides, and the heat insulating material 10 is fixed by the holding projections 12. 6 has the heat insulating material 10 disposed on the outer wall 1 side, the heat insulating material 10 can also be fixed to the partition wall 3 side with the upper and lower sides of the body edge 11 reversed in the figure.
[0043]
The trunk edge 11 is fixed vertically outside the partition wall 3. Since the partition wall 3 shown in the drawing fixes the natural wood 3A horizontally, the trunk edge 11 is fixed orthogonally to the natural wood 3A. The vertical trunk edge 11 is provided with a longitudinal groove 13 for providing a ventilation duct with the heat insulating material 10. The vertical groove 13 can efficiently convect the air in the outside air ventilation layer 4 like a chimney in a state where the heat insulating material 10 is in close contact with the trunk edge 11. In particular, when it is hot in summer, there is a feature that air can be efficiently convected through the ventilation duct of the longitudinal groove 13 to cool the trunk edge 11 and the outside air ventilation layer 4. The body edge 11 in the figure is provided with longitudinal grooves 13 between the heat insulating material 10, between the partition wall 3 and the outer wall 1. The trunk edge 11 is fixed to the partition wall 3 by nailing or bonding. The vertical groove 13 of the trunk edge 11 allows the upper and lower ends to communicate with the outside air ventilation layer 4.
[0044]
The outer wall 1 in the figure is a base siding 1B fixed to the body edge 11, and an outer wall material 1A such as a tile fixed to the surface of the base siding 1B. When using a plate-like thing for the outer wall 1, the outer wall 1 can be directly fixed to the trunk edge 11 without using base siding or the like.
[0045]
11 and 12 show the floor structure. In the floor structure in this figure, a platform 24 is fixed on a base material 16 such as a joist or a large pull, a floor board 23 is fixed on the platform 24, and the planned ventilation layer 5 is provided between the platform 24 and the floor board 23. Is provided. The platform 24 fixes the natural wood 24A having the same structure as the partition wall having the above-described wall structure in the same manner. The platform 24 fixes the natural wood 24A to the base material 16 so that a ventilation gap 30 that is automatically adjusted by humidity is formed. The platform 24 having this structure makes the ventilation gap 30 wide when the humidity under the floor is low, and facilitates passage of the air under the floor, and narrows the ventilation gap 30 and makes it difficult for the air to pass when the humidity is high. For this reason, it can prevent that the humidity of the plan ventilation layer 5 formed between the platform 24 and the floor board 23 becomes high, and it can prevent effectively that the inside of the plan ventilation layer 5 and a platform inner surface dew condensation. However, the platform can also be a plywood such as a control panel. Furthermore, the platform can also fix natural wood having the same structure as the partition wall of the aforementioned wall structure on the plywood in the same manner. The platform 24 of the natural wood 24A can be stretched with the same waterproof sheet as the wall structure on the lower surface. The tarpaulin prevents moisture under the floor from wetting the platform. However, since rainwater rarely enters under the floor, it goes without saying that the waterproof sheet is not necessarily stretched.
[0046]
Further, a floor plate 23 is fixed on the platform 24 via the trunk edge 11. The planned ventilation layer 5 is provided between the floor board 23 and the platform 24, and the heat insulating material 10 is disposed here. The heat insulating material 10 is arranged in the planned ventilation layer 5 with the same trunk edge 11 as the wall structure. The trunk edge 11 in the figure fixes the holding ridge 12 to the platform 24. The trunk edge 11 can fix the heat insulating material 10 in close contact with the lower surface of the floor plate 23. If the platform 24 has sufficient strength, the floor can omit the joists and fix the platform 24 in a large scale.
[0047]
The floor structure shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 can be heated by laying a floor heating sheet 34 under the floor plate 23. Further, as shown in FIG. 13, the floor structure can be fixed between the platform 24 and the floor plate 23 by turning the trunk edge 11 upside down from the posture of FIG. 11. This floor structure fixes the heat insulating material 10 so as to be in close contact with the platform 24. The trunk edge 11 fixes the holding ridge 12 to the lower surface of the floor plate 23, and closely contacts the heat insulating material 10 to the platform 24. As shown in FIG. 14, this floor structure can heat the floor board 23 by arrange | positioning the heating panel 35 on the heat insulating material 10 under the floor board 23. FIG. The heating panel 35 is disposed on the entire surface of the planned ventilation layer 5 formed between the trunk edges 11 or a part of the planned ventilation layer 5. As shown in FIG. 13, the trunk edge 11 is provided with a lateral groove 36 on the upper surface to connect the planned ventilation layers 5 on both sides. In this structure, the air heated by the heating panel 35 is passed through the lateral groove 36 and flows into the adjacent planned ventilation layer 5. For this reason, the whole surface of the floor board 23 can be heated uniformly. In particular, the heating panel 35 can be disposed on a part of the planned ventilation layer 5 to uniformly heat the entire surface of the floor plate 23.
[0048]
As shown in FIGS. 11 and 15, the floor on the second floor fixes a rubber-like elastic sheet 37 that absorbs vibration between the trunk edge 11 and the platform 24. In this floor structure, the vibration of the floor plate 23 is absorbed by the rubber-like elastic sheet 37. For this reason, it can block that the noise on the second floor is transmitted to the lower room. A synthetic resin foam or an aggregate of inorganic fibers used for the heat insulating material 10 has a property of absorbing sound. For this reason, it is possible to effectively block the noise on the second floor from being transmitted to the lower room by both the rubber-like elastic sheet 37 and the heat insulating material 10. In particular, as shown in FIG. 15, the floor structure in which the rubber-like elastic sheet 37 is disposed between the trunk edge 11 and the platform 24 and the heat insulating material 10 is fixed in two layers on the trunk edge 11 is the most efficient noise. Can be cut off. As shown in the figure, the structure in which the rubber-like elastic sheet 37 is disposed only on the lower surface of the trunk edge 11 is drastically reduced in cost as compared with a general structure in which the rubber-like elastic sheet is drawn on the entire floor. Noise can be cut off.
[0049]
Further, FIGS. 16 and 17 show a roof structure. The roof structure shown in these drawings has a structure in which a roof plate 20 is covered with a roof material 45 such as a tile or a slate on a base material 19. Although not shown, the roof plate shall have a structure in which the top surface of the base material is covered with a waterproof sheet or copper plate, or a structure in which a waterproof layer is provided on the base material, and roof materials such as tiles and slate are not provided. You can also. The roof shown in the figure has the partition wall 3 fixed on the rafter 18. The partition wall 3 is provided by fixing the same natural wood as the wall structure in the same manner. A waterproof sheet 21 is stretched on the upper surface of the partition wall 3. As with the wall structure, the waterproof sheet 21 is a plastic sheet that restricts the passage of water and allows air to pass therethrough. However, a sheet that does not allow air and water to pass through can also be used as the waterproof sheet. A plate material such as plywood or MDF can be used for the partition wall 3 instead of natural wood. Further, in the roof structure shown in the figure, the base material 19 of the roof plate 20 is fixed on the partition wall 3 via the trunk edge 11, and the outside air ventilation layer 4 is provided between the base material 19 and the partition wall 3. Provided.
[0050]
In the roof structure of FIG. 16, the heat insulating material 10 is disposed between the base material 19 and the partition wall 3. In the roof structure of FIG. 17, an intermediate plate 46 is disposed between the roof plate 20 and the partition wall 3, and the outdoor air ventilation layer 4 is partitioned into a plurality of layers by the intermediate plate 46. The roof in this figure has a single-layer intermediate plate 46 that divides the outside air ventilation layer into a two-layer structure. However, a plurality of layers of intermediate plates are provided separately between the base material and the partition wall to provide outside air ventilation. The layer may be three or more layers. The intermediate plate 46 is the heat insulating material 10. The intermediate plate 46 of the heat insulating material 10 can be fixed to the outside air ventilation layer 4 by laminating a reinforcing plate such as a veneer plate on one side or both sides so as not to be deformed. However, the heat insulating material 10 having a sufficient strength, that is, a strength that does not deform due to its own weight over time, is disposed in the outside air ventilation layer without using a reinforcing plate. When the heat insulating material 10 is used for the intermediate plate 46, the heat insulating property of the roof can be further improved. However, the intermediate plate 46 can be made of any plate material that is not a heat insulating material, such as a plywood or a particle board. The structure in which the outside air ventilation layer 4 is partitioned into a plurality of layers can remarkably improve the heat insulating property of the roof. This is because the roof can be forcibly cooled by ventilating the outside air to the plurality of layers of the outside air ventilation layer 4.
[0051]
FIG. 18 shows an example of a building having a roof structure that partitions the outside air ventilation layer 4 into a plurality of layers. In the building shown in this figure, the outside air ventilation layer 4 provided on the roof is divided into two layers vertically by an intermediate plate 46. The intermediate plate 46 is connected to the outer wall 1 at the boundary between the roof and the wall. The outside air ventilation layer 4 divided into the upper and lower sides opens the upper outside air ventilation layer 4 to the outside of the building on both sides of the roof and connects the lower outside air ventilation layer 4 to the outside air ventilation layer 4 on the wall, It opens outside the building at the lower end of the outside air ventilation layer 4. The upper outside air ventilation layer is provided with an outside air ventilation port 27 at the lower ends of both sides, and the outside air ventilation port 27 is opened under the eaves. The lower outside air ventilation layer 4 is opened outside the building by an outside air vent 27 provided at the lower end of the wall outside air ventilation layer 4. In the building having this structure, the outside air flowing in from one outside air ventilation port 27 of the roof is ventilated by the outside air ventilation layer 4 on the upper side and exhausted from the outside air ventilation port 27 on the opposite side. Further, after the outside air flowing in from the outside air ventilation port 27 at the lower end of one wall is passed through the outside air ventilation layer 4 of the wall to ventilate the lower outside air ventilation layer 4, the outside air ventilation layer of the opposite wall 4 is exhausted. That is, the building of this structure ventilates outside air independently to the outside air ventilation layer 4 of the roof composed of upper and lower two layers. Therefore, the roof and the room can be ideally insulated while forcibly cooling the roof. However, the intermediate plate does not necessarily have to connect the lower end portions on both sides to the outer wall, and only one of them can be connected to the outer wall. Further, the intermediate plate can be ventilated by connecting the upper and lower two layers of the outside air ventilation layer to the outside air ventilation port of the roof and the outside air ventilation layer of the wall without connecting the lower end portion to the outer wall.
[0052]
As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the intermediate plate 46 and the heat insulating material 10 are fixed to the partition wall 3 at the trunk edge 11 in the same manner as the wall structure. The roof is constructed by fixing the trunk edge 11 in parallel to the partition wall 3 at regular intervals, and fixing the base material 19 to the trunk edge 11. When the trunk edge 11 is fixed, the intermediate plate 46 and the heat insulating material 10 are fixed. The body edge 11 for fixing the intermediate plate 46 is provided with fixing grooves 11 </ b> A on both side surfaces for fitting and fixing both side edges of the intermediate plate 46. The fixing groove 11A specifies a position where the intermediate plate 46 is fixed. The fixing groove 11 </ b> A is provided to extend vertically on both side surfaces of the trunk edge 11. The trunk edge 11 that fixes the intermediate plate 46 so as to partition the outside air ventilation layer 4 into two layers having the same thickness is provided with a fixing groove 11A in the upper and lower central portions in the drawing. The intermediate plate 46 is not necessarily required to partition the outside air ventilation layer 4 into a plurality of layers having the same thickness. The layer close to the roofing material can also be partitioned thicker than the layer close to the partition wall. The fixing position of the intermediate plate 46 is specified by the fixing groove 11A. Therefore, the position where the fixed groove 11A is provided is adjusted, and the thickness of the outdoor air ventilation layer 4 divided into a plurality of parts is specified. The body edge can be divided into three or more layers by arranging the intermediate plate in a plurality of layers and the outside air ventilation layer. The trunk edge is provided with fixing grooves for fixing the intermediate plate to a plurality of layers in parallel in a plurality of rows.
[0053]
The trunk edge 11 described above is used in combination with a fixing material for fixing the intermediate plate 46 and the heat insulating material 10 to the outside air ventilation layer 4 in addition to providing the outside air ventilation layer 4 between the partition wall 3 and the base material 19. The As shown in the figure, the structure in which the intermediate plate 46 and the heat insulating material 10 are arranged apart from the base material 19 and the outside air ventilation layer 4 is provided immediately below the base material 19 is formed by the air passing through the outside air ventilation layer 4. There exists the feature which can cool the base material 19 of the roof plate 20 efficiently. Although not shown, it is not always necessary to provide a heat insulating material in the outside air ventilation layer. This is because the air ventilated by the outside air ventilation layer 4 forcibly cools the roof plate 20.
[0054]
Further, in the illustrated roof structure, the indoor panel 2 is fixed to the indoor side of the rafter 18, and the ceiling back duct 26, which is a planned ventilation layer of the roof, is provided between the partition wall 3 and the indoor panel 2. As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, the ceiling back duct 26, which is the planned ventilation layer of the roof, can be provided by fixing the indoor panel 2 away from the tree behind the ceiling. Furthermore, the ceiling plate can be provided as an indoor panel between the ceiling plate and the partition wall.
[0055]
As described above, the building in which the outside air ventilation layer 4 of the roof ventilates the outside air has a feature that it can be comfortably prevented by effectively forcing the roof to be cooled and the indoor temperature rising when it is hot in summer. Furthermore, the building of the present invention can also insulate the room with the outside air ventilation layer 4 without ventilating outside air to the outside air ventilation layer 4 of the roof, that is, during the cold season in winter, that is, the outside air ventilation is stopped. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 and FIG. 18, the building having this structure can be realized by providing an open / close lid 47 that can be opened and closed at the outside air vent 27 located on one side or both sides of the building. In these buildings, the open / close lid 47 is opened to ventilate the outside air to the outside air ventilation layer 4, and the open / close lid 47 is closed to block the ventilation 4 of the outside air ventilation layer 4. Therefore, a more comfortable indoor environment can be realized by controlling the opening / closing of the opening / closing lid 47. In particular, the building shown in FIG. 18 is provided with two layers of the outside air ventilation layer 4 on the roof, so that the roof and the room can be more ideally insulated with two layers of air.
[0056]
The building shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 18 is provided with an open / close lid 47 in the outside air vent 27 located on both sides of the building. The buildings shown in these figures are provided with opening / closing lids 47 on the eaves on both sides of the roof and on the lower ends of the walls on both sides. In these buildings, the intrusion of outside air into the outside air ventilation layer 4 can be completely blocked by closing all the opening / closing lids 47. However, in these buildings, it is possible to open some of the lids 47 depending on the season and weather without necessarily closing all the lids 47. For example, in the building shown in the figure, the opening / closing lid 47 at the lower end of the wall is closed and the opening / closing lid 47 at the lower end of the wall is closed, or conversely, the opening / closing lid 47 at the lower end of the wall is closed. it can.
[0057]
In addition, the buildings shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 are provided with an open / close lid 47 on the outside air vent 27 on the wall and roof located on the north side. In Japan, the north wind blows mainly when it is cold in winter. Therefore, the structure in which the open / close lid 47 is provided at the outside air vent 27 located on the north side of the building can effectively prevent cold outside air from entering the outside air vent layer 4 from the outside air vent 27 by closing the open / close lid 47. . However, in the building of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, an open / close lid 47 can be provided at the outside air vent 27 located on the south side.
[0058]
Further, in the buildings shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, 5, and 18, with the lid 47 closed, the shutter 38 of the roof ventilation opening 25 is opened or the forced ventilation mechanism 39 is operated to open the roof outside air. Warm air heated by the ventilation layer 4 can be caused to flow into the ceiling duct 26 which is the planned ventilation layer 5, and this warm air can be supplied into the room through the ventilation hole 7. In particular, the buildings of FIGS. 1 and 18 can ventilate the room indoors with the outside air intruding into the outside air ventilation layer 4, so that the air heated by the outside air ventilation layer on the roof is circulated inside the room. It has a feature that can promote the heating effect.
[0059]
An example of the opening / closing lid 47 is shown in FIG. The open / close lid 47 shown in the figure is arranged so as to be able to reciprocate on the fixed plate 48 that opens the ventilation opening 48A. The opening / closing lid 47 is provided with a through hole 47A, and is reciprocated by an opening / closing mechanism 49 to open / close the ventilation opening 48A. The opening / closing lid 47 moves the through hole 47A above the ventilation opening 48A to open the ventilation opening 48A, and positions the through hole 47A between the ventilation openings 48A to close the ventilation opening 48A. Therefore, the opening / closing lid 47 opens the through hole 47A at the same position as the ventilation opening 48A in a state of moving to the position where the ventilation opening 48A is opened. The through-hole 47A can be circular or slit-shaped. The opening / closing lid having the slit-shaped through-hole reciprocates in the lateral direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the slit to open and close the ventilation opening. As the opening / closing mechanism 49, a cylinder or the like that can reciprocate the opening / closing lid 47 can be used. However, the opening / closing lid can be manually opened / closed without providing an opening / closing mechanism.
[0060]
Furthermore, although the opening / closing lid is not shown, the outside air vent can be opened and closed as a louver. The open / close lid as a louver can be realized by arranging elongated parallel plates in parallel and connecting them so that they can be tilted in conjunction with each other. This open / close lid opens and closes the ventilation opening by tilting the parallel plate by an open / close mechanism or manually. Since this open / close lid can open almost the whole surface of the outside air vent, it can efficiently ventilate the outside air ventilation layer.
[0061]
【The invention's effect】
The building of the present invention can forcibly cool the roof of the building so efficiently that it cannot be conceived with conventional buildings. As a result of actually making a prototype of the building of the present invention and verifying its effect, the roof can be cooled more efficiently than the room temperature. Proven. In the summer when the maximum temperature at 2 pm rises to 32 ° C., the building of the present invention has a ceiling temperature of 31 ° C. at 2 pm, which is lower than the outside air temperature, and the room temperature is 35 ° C. It was. On the same day, the temperature behind the ceiling of a conventional building rose to 40 ° C. The conventional building has a heat insulating material stretched over the ceiling. For reference, when the indoor temperature of the car sealed on the same day was measured, the temperature rose to 61 ° C. The above experimental results demonstrate that the building of the present invention can cool the roof very efficiently. When the roof is cooled efficiently, the outside of the ceiling is not ventilated, and there are no windows with poor heat insulation properties as in the room, which makes it extremely cool. How cool the ceiling can be in summer is very important for a building. This is because if the temperature of the back of the ceiling increases, the temperature of the ceiling increases and a large amount of radiant heat is radiated indoors. In this state, even if the room is cooled and the air temperature is lowered, if there is radiant heat from the ceiling, it is not possible to live comfortably in the room. This situation is experienced, especially in a two-story building, where the indoor temperature on the second floor is higher than the first floor and the second floor cannot live comfortably. The building of the present invention can lower the temperature of the back of the ceiling than the room, so even in a two-story building, the room temperature on the second floor can be as cool and comfortable as the first floor. In particular, in summer, a large amount of radiant heat is not radiated from the ceiling, and it is extremely comfortable and accurate. This state cannot be imagined at all in a conventional building that insulates the back surface of the tile or insulates the back of the ceiling. In particular, the building of the present invention does not cool and cool, but effectively uses natural heat to forcibly cool the roof. Realize a revolutionary building.
[0062]
The extremely superior features described above are that the building of the present invention has a partition wall inside the roof and an outside air ventilation layer under the roof plate. This is because the outside air is circulated. Since this building forcibly cools the roof plate with the outside air, it has a feature that the roof can be considerably cooler than a structure in which a heat insulating material is simply disposed under the roof plate. Further, since the outside air can be naturally ventilated to the outside air ventilation layer, the roof plates can be efficiently connected without necessarily forcing air. In addition, the roof plates can be efficiently connected with a simple fan even if forced ventilation is performed. For this reason, it has the features that it can be constructed at a low cost with a simple structure and can be easily maintained. Furthermore, since the building of the present invention does not require ventilation by opening the ridge portion of the roof, it has a feature that it does not leak even in strong wind and rain such as a typhoon.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a building according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a building according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a building according to a comparative example of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of a building according to another comparative example of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a horizontal sectional view showing a wall structure of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a perspective view showing a state in which a part of the wall structure shown in FIG. 6 is removed.
8 is a vertical sectional view of the wall structure shown in FIG.
FIG. 9 is a horizontal sectional view showing another example of the wall structure.
FIG. 10 is a vertical sectional view showing another example of a wall structure
FIG. 11 is a vertical sectional view showing the floor structure of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention.
12 is a sectional view taken along line AA of the floor shown in FIG.
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional perspective view showing another example of the floor structure.
FIG. 14 is a vertical sectional view showing another example of the floor structure.
FIG. 15 is a vertical sectional view showing another example of the floor structure.
FIG. 16 is a vertical sectional view showing a roof structure of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a vertical sectional view showing another example of a roof structure.
FIG. 18 is a schematic sectional view of a building according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 19 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of an opening / closing lid.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... Outer wall 1A ... Outer wall material
1B: Ground siding
2 ... Indoor panel 2A ... Earth wall
3 ... partition wall 3A ... natural wood
4… Outside air ventilation layer
5 ... Planned ventilation layer
7 ... Ventilation hole
8 ... Exhaust duct 8A ... Exhaust duct into the wall
8B ... Exhaust duct to the outside
9 ... Forced ventilation mechanism
10 ... Insulating material
11 ... Torso edge
12 ... Holding projection
13 ... Vertical groove
14 ... Pillar
15 ... Muscle
16 ... Base material
17 ... Ventilation gap
18 ... Rutaki
19 ... Base material
20 ... Roof plate
21 ... tarpaulin
23 ... Floor board
24 ... Platform 24A ... Natural wood
25 ... Roof vent
26 ... Ceiling duct
27 ... Ventilation port for outside air
30 ... Ventilation gap
31 ... Connecting ridges
32 ... Connection groove
34 ... Floor heating seat
35 ... Heating panel
36 ... Horizontal groove
37. Rubber elastic sheet
38 ... Shutter
39 ... Forced ventilation mechanism
40: Filter material
44 ... Building
45 ... Roofing material
46 ... Intermediate plate
47 ... Open / close lid 47A ... Through hole
48 ... Fixed plate 48A ... Ventilation opening
49. Opening / closing mechanism
50 ... Width wood 50A ... Baseboard
50B ... Ceiling edge

Claims (9)

On both sides of the ridge (44), it is equipped with a pair of roofs that incline upward toward the ridge (44), and a partition wall (3) is provided inside the roof, spaced downward from the roof plate (20). The outdoor air ventilation layer (4) is provided between the partition wall (3) and the roof plate (20), and the pair of outdoor air ventilation layers (4) disposed on both sides of the ridge (44) The roof ridge part (44) communicates with each other and is connected in a state where air can be circulated to each other.In addition, a pair of outside air ventilation layers (4) disposed on both sides of the ridge part (44), The outside air vent (27) opens to the outside of the building, and the outside air is circulated from one outside air vent (27) to the other outside air vent (27), and the outside air is passed to the pair of outside air vents (4) I try to distribute it,
In addition, a partition wall (3) is provided inside the wall of the building, and the interior of the wall is divided into a planned ventilation layer (5) and an outside air ventilation layer (4) that ventilates the outside air. Connecting the partition walls (3) provided to each other, connecting the roof and the outside air ventilation layer (4) of the wall,
The partition wall (3) is a plate-like natural wood (3A) made of coniferous trees, horizontally extended so that a ventilation gap (17) is formed, and horizontally fixed to the pillar (14). humidity widely ventilation gap (17) with a natural wood (3A) of softwood which contracts to be lower and easily pass through the air, ventilation with natural wood (3A) which expands when humidity of the air is high clearance ( narrowing the 17) and so as to not easily pass through the air, further, the partition wall (3) is on the surface of the outer wall, limits the passage of water tarpaulin for passing air (21) Stretched,
Furthermore, it has an exhaust duct (8) for exhausting room air to the outside air ventilation layer (4) on the wall, and the room is connected to the planned ventilation layer (5) through a ventilation hole (7). The exhaust duct (8) is provided with a forced ventilation mechanism (9), and the forced ventilation mechanism (9) exhausts room air so that the air of the planned ventilation layer (5) flows into the room. .   The building according to claim 1, wherein the roof plate (20) has a structure in which a roof material (45) such as a tile or a slate is spread on a base material (19).   Between the roof plate (20) and the partition wall (3), an intermediate plate (46) is arranged in one or more layers, and the outside air ventilation layer (4) is composed of multiple layers with the intermediate plate (46). The building according to claim 1, which is divided into two areas.   An open / close lid (47) that can be opened and closed is provided at one or both outside air vents (27) of the outside air ventilation layer (4), and the outside air ventilation layer (4) is ventilated by opening the open / close lid (47). The building according to claim 1, wherein the open / close lid (47) is closed to prevent ventilation of the outside air ventilation layer (4).   The building according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the outside air vent (27) of the outside air ventilation layer (4) is opened under the eaves of the roof.   The planned ventilation layer (5) which is a ceiling back duct (26) is provided on the indoor side of the partition wall (3) provided on the roof, and the planned ventilation layer (5) is connected to the room. A building described in any one of 5 to 5.   A partition wall (3) is provided inside the wall of the building, and the inside of the wall is divided into a planned ventilation layer (5) and an outside air ventilation layer (4) that ventilates the outside air, and is provided on the roof and the wall. 7. The building according to claim 6, wherein the partition walls (3) are connected to each other, and the ceiling duct (26), which is the planned ventilation layer (5) of the roof, is connected to the planned ventilation layer (5) of the wall. .   The building according to claim 1, wherein the outside air ventilation layer (4) of the roof and the wall is opened to the outside by an outside air vent (27) provided at the boundary between the roof and the wall.   The wall located on the south side of the building communicates with the outside air ventilation layer (4) of the roof without opening to the outside, and the lower part of the outside air ventilation layer (4) on the wall opens to the outside of the building. The building according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the outdoor air ventilation layer (4) of the wall and the roof which are located is opened outside the building by an outdoor air ventilation port (27) provided under the eaves.

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