JP2007285029A - Roof structure - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a roof structure capable of properly using the role a roof ventilating layer by a temperature environment. <P>SOLUTION: Rafters 25 for a ventilation on the existing roof structure 50 are arranged, and heat-insulating panels 26 and steel-plate tiles 29 are disposed on the rafters 25. Sections among the adjacent rafters 25 for the ventilation are used as the roof ventilating layers 27, and the outside air is introduced to the roof ventilating layers 27 from an outside-air introducing port 62 formed to the edge of eaves 61. The outside air introduced to the roof ventilating layers 27 is lifted along the inclination of a roof, and discharged from a ventilating ridge 40. An opening/closing device 31 operated by a temperature is arranged to the ventilating ridge 40. The opening/closing device 31 is opened in the case at a high temperature, and the roof ventilating layers 27 are ventilated. The opening/closing device 31 is closed in the case at a low temperature, air in the roof ventilating layers 27 is not made to escape from the ventilating ridge 40 and the temperature of an indoor section or an attic space 55 is not lowered. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a roof structure of a house using an external heat insulation method, and relates to a structure provided with ventilation equipment on the roof structure.

  In a house, there is a problem that the temperature of the roof rises due to the heat of sunlight in the summer, and thereby the temperature of the room rises. Generation | occurrence | production of this problem invites excessive use of an air-conditioning equipment (cooler), and is unpreferable from a viewpoint of energy saving or environmental protection. As a technique corresponding to this problem, a technique in which an outer heat insulating structure is applied to a roof has been proposed (for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3).

  In each of the roof structures described in these documents, a roof ventilation layer is formed between the heat insulating material provided on the roof rafter and the roofed roof material, and the roof ventilation layer has an outer wall side. Air rising up the ventilation layer is introduced and exhausted from the building. According to such a roof exterior heat insulation method, the roof itself is ventilated by the air flowing through it, and the heat transfer from the roof to the room is effectively blocked by the presence of the ventilation layer and the heat insulating material. It is said that.

JP 2002-285646 A JP 2002-309720 A JP 2003-328460 A

  However, depending on the season, weather conditions, or environment, there is a case where heat insulation from the roof to the room due to the action of the above-mentioned roof ventilation layer is not required, and conversely, it is necessary to block heat escaping from the indoor through the roof. is there. For example, in summer, it is effective that the heat transfer from the roof to the room is blocked by the ventilation function of the roof ventilation layer, but in the winter, the indoor warm air escapes to the outdoors by the ventilation function. End up. This is not preferable because it causes a decrease in heating efficiency in winter. Therefore, an object of this invention is to provide the roof structure which can use the role of a roof ventilation layer properly suitably according to temperature environment.

  The roof structure of the present invention includes a heat insulating material disposed on a roof base material, a roof material disposed on the heat insulating material, and a roof ventilation provided between the roof base material and the heat insulating material. And an opening / closing device that opens the roof ventilation layer to the outside when the temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature, and closes the roof ventilation layer to the outside when the temperature falls below the predetermined temperature. It is characterized by that. According to the present invention, the opening / closing device opens and closes the vent to the outside (outdoor) of the roof vent layer provided between the roof base material and the heat insulating material.

  For example, at a high temperature at which heating of the roof by sunlight is a problem, the switchgear is opened, and hot air is easily exhausted from the roof vent layer to the outside. Thereby, it can suppress that the temperature in a room rises with the heat of sunlight. At this time, since the upper side of the roof ventilation layer is insulated by a heat insulating material, the heat of sunlight can be cut off, and combined with the ventilation function, it is possible to effectively suppress an increase in indoor temperature due to sunlight. it can.

  In the present invention, the opening / closing device is closed when the outside air temperature becomes low. This prevents the air in the roof ventilation layer from escaping to the outside, and prevents indoor warm air from being discharged outside through the roof ventilation layer. By doing so, it is possible to suppress a decrease in indoor temperature due to the presence of the roof ventilation layer. For example, when indoor heating is performed at a low temperature, it is known that warm air tends to gather above the room (near the ceiling). However, according to the present invention, the opening / closing device is closed and the roof is interposed. Since diffusion of heat to the outside can be suppressed, a structure in which heat near the ceiling is difficult to escape can be obtained, and the heating efficiency of the room can be increased.

  Thus, according to the present invention, the role of the roof ventilation layer can be switched depending on the temperature, and an indoor environment that is cool in summer and warm in winter can be realized. Moreover, since the cooling effect and the heating effect can be enhanced, a high energy saving effect can be obtained.

  Moreover, since the heat of sunlight can be effectively discharged to the outside, the roofing material to be constructed on the heat insulating material has the disadvantage that it tends to become high temperature when it is exposed to sunlight, but it is low cost, lightweight, A metal plate having advantages such as high durability, high workability, and high designability can be used. Moreover, in the roof material using a metal plate, the magnitude of rain noise becomes a problem, but in the present invention, the sound insulation effect of the heat insulating material described above prevents rain sound hitting the roof material from being transmitted indoors. be able to. For this reason, even when a metal plate is used for the roofing material, the sound of rain that can be heard indoors can be suppressed to a level that does not cause a problem.

  The present invention can be applied to an existing roof structure or can be applied to a newly built house. In the case of applying to an existing roof structure, an existing roof material or a field board can be used as the roof base material of the present invention. In this case, since the existing roof structure can be used as it is, the construction cost can be kept low, and the construction period can be shortened.

  When the present invention is applied to a newly built house, it is desirable to use a heat insulating material as a roof base material. By making the roof base material a heat insulating material, the effect of suppressing the rise in room temperature due to sunlight hitting the roof can be further enhanced, and further the heat radiation from the room through the roof when the outside temperature is low can be further suppressed. Can do.

  As the heat insulating material, a metal insulating structure in which a foam heat insulating material or a fibrous heat insulating material molded into a plate shape is sandwiched between metal plates is suitable. Examples of the foam insulation include polystyrene, polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene, isocyanurate, phenol, polyvinyl chloride, and calcium carbonate foam. Moreover, glass wool etc. can be mentioned as a fibrous heat insulating material. Among these, a polystyrene extruded foam material and a polyurethane plate, which have good rigidity, heat insulating properties, and moisture permeation resistance properties, are preferable.

  The roof structure of the present invention includes a ridge and an eaves at a position lower than the ridge, the ridge includes a ventilation ridge that secures ventilation between the roof ventilation layer and the outside, and the opening / closing device includes the ventilation ridge. It is desirable to adopt a configuration that opens and closes the ventilation. According to this aspect, the air in the roof ventilation layer can be discharged to the outside from the ridge portion at the top of the roof structure. For this reason, using the roof ventilation layer, the hot air of sunlight hitting the roof material can be effectively discharged to the outside.

  In the roof structure of the present invention, it is desirable that an outside air inlet for introducing outside air into the roof ventilation layer is disposed at the eaves. According to this aspect, outside air is introduced into the roof ventilation layer from the eaves at a lower position, which is warmed by the heat of sunlight, and this warmed air rises toward the ridge along the slope of the roof To do. And it is discharged outside by the ventilation function of the ventilation building. Since this ventilation structure can effectively utilize the property that warmed air rises, ventilation in the roof ventilation layer can be efficiently performed without using a forced ventilation fan or the like.

  Further, when the ventilation structure of the ventilation building is closed, the ventilation portion at the highest position of the roof ventilation layer is closed, so that the air in the warmed roof ventilation layer is difficult to escape to the outside. In other words, by closing the opening and closing device of the ventilation building at low temperatures, even if the air in the roof ventilation layer is warmed by indoor warm air, the top of the roof ventilation layer is closed to the outside. The air in the layer does not escape to the outside, and the outflow of warm air inside the room through the roof ventilation layer can be suppressed.

  That is, according to said aspect, by opening the switchgear arrange | positioned in a ventilation building, a roof ventilation layer can be functioned as a cooling layer which escapes the heat | fever of the sunlight which hits a roof material outside. And by closing the switchgear, the roof ventilation layer can function as a heat shield layer that prevents indoor warm air from being radiated to the outside. In other words, outside air is introduced from the eaves so that the indoor temperature does not rise due to sunlight at high temperatures such as in summer, and the air is discharged from the ventilation building through the roof ventilation layer. Thereby, the roof ventilation layer functions as a cooling layer. On the other hand, at low temperatures such as in winter, the exhaust vent of the ventilation building is closed to make it difficult for the air in the roof ventilation layer to be discharged outside. Thereby, the air layer of the roof ventilation layer is caused to function as a heat shield layer for heat radiation from the indoor through the roof. In addition, since a heat insulating material is arrange | positioned between a roof ventilation layer and a roof material, the function as this heat insulation layer can be exhibited effectively.

  In a mode in which a ventilation wing for exhaust is arranged in the ridge described above and an outside air introduction port for intake is arranged at the eaves end, it is desirable that a water drainage plate that suppresses the blowing of water into the outside air introduction port is arranged. . According to this aspect, it is possible to prevent rainwater from being blown into the roof ventilation layer from the entrance of the eaves.

  In the present invention, the switchgear is preferably driven by an actuator using a material that expands or contracts due to a temperature change. According to this aspect, no power source is required, and opening and closing can be automatically performed using a set temperature or a temperature range of a predetermined width as a threshold value. As such an opening / closing device, a temperature operation actuator using thermal expansion of paraffin wax can be used. A temperature-actuated actuator using paraffin wax can arbitrarily set an operation region and a threshold temperature in a temperature range of 0 to 50 ° C. by adjusting the composition of paraffin wax. For this reason, the conditions for opening and closing can be arbitrarily set according to the environment in which the roof structure of the present invention is employed, the required characteristics, or the user's request.

  In addition, since the opening and closing of the switchgear starts at 14 ° C, and the operating temperature range becomes fully open at 25 ° C, the roof ventilation layer has a certain degree of ventilation function depending on the temperature. It is possible to realize an intermediate state that exhibits and also functions as a heat shield layer. For this reason, a sudden change of indoor temperature is not caused and the comfort of living space is not impaired. Therefore, the function of bringing the indoor temperature to a comfortable temperature according to the outside air temperature can be effectively exhibited even in spring, autumn, or at the turn of the season.

  According to the present invention, a roof ventilation layer is provided between the roof surface and the roof base material, and an opening / closing device for selecting opening or closing of the roof ventilation layer to the outside is provided in the roof ridge. And in order to suppress the indoor temperature rise by the heat of sunlight, the switchgear is opened, and the warm air in the roof ventilation layer heated by the heat of sunlight is positively released to the outside. Thereby, the indoor temperature rise by sunlight can be suppressed. On the other hand, when it is not desired to release the indoor temperature to the outside, the opening device is closed so that the air in the roof ventilation layer does not escape from the ridge to the outside. By doing so, the temperature drop in the room when the outside air temperature is low can be suppressed. Thus, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a roof structure that can appropriately use the role of the roof ventilation layer depending on the temperature environment.

(1) First embodiment (configuration of the embodiment)
Hereinafter, the example at the time of applying this invention to the existing roof structure is demonstrated. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a cross-sectional structure of the roof structure of the embodiment. The roof structure 20 shown in FIG. 1 is constructed based on an existing roof structure 50. First, the existing roof structure 50 will be described. The existing roof structure 50 includes a roof rafter 52 on which a field plate 53 is fixed. The end of the roof rafter 52 is fixed to the beam 54. A roof material 51 is disposed on the field plate 53. The roof material 51 is, for example, a tin roof material or a slate tile. Reference numeral 56 denotes an eaves tip, a side plate 57 is provided on a side surface thereof, and an eaves ceiling 58 is provided at a lower portion thereof. Reference numeral 59 denotes an outer wall portion of the house. In this example, the inside (lower side) of the existing roof structure 50 is a room or a hut back 55. The attic is the space between the ceiling of the room and the roof. That is, when a ceiling (not shown) is provided separately, the space denoted by reference numeral 55 is the back of the hut, and when the back side of the roof structure 50 is the ceiling, the space denoted by reference numeral 55 is the room. In FIG. 1, the ceiling structure, its details, and the fine structure in the house are not shown. As the structure of the house, the structure of the house to be constructed can be used as it is.

  In the roof structure 20 using the invention shown in FIG. 1, a ventilation rafter 25 extending in the ridge direction from the eaves is fixed on an existing roof material 51. A heat insulating panel 26 that is a plate-like heat insulating material is fixed on the ventilation rafter 25, a waterproof sheet (not shown) is disposed on the heat insulating panel 26, and a steel plate tile 29 that is a roof material is further provided thereon. Has been placed. The heat insulation panel 26 has a structure in which both surfaces of extruded polystyrene foam molded into a plate shape are sandwiched between thin metal plates. A steel plate roof tile is a steel plate imitating a roof tile. The roof material is not limited to the steel plate tile 29, and a roof material sold as a roof material such as a slate tile can be appropriately selected. The heat insulating panel 26 blocks heat and sound transmitted from the steel plate tile 29 and prevents warm air from a roof ventilation layer 27 described later from flowing out through the steel plate tile 29.

  FIG. 2 is a partially broken perspective view showing an outline of the roof structure 20. As shown in FIG. 2, the plurality of ventilation rafters 25 are fixed to the roof rafter 52 with nails or screws, with a field board 53 interposed therebetween. A flat space sandwiched between the heat insulating panel 26 and the existing roof material 51 between the adjacent ventilation rafters 25 is the roof ventilation layer 27. That is, the roof ventilation layer 27 is provided using the ventilation rafter 25 as a spacer. As shown in FIG. 1, an outside air inlet 62 is provided on the eaves 61 side of the roof ventilation layer 27. A ventilation building 40 is disposed on the wing side of the roof ventilation layer 27.

  FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing details of the eaves 61 portion. As shown in FIG. 3, a drainer 60 is attached to the eaves 61. The drainer 60 is formed by sheet metal processing of a steel plate or extrusion processing of a metal such as aluminum, and the cross section is generally bowl-shaped, and an upper plate portion 63 and an eaves lower plate portion 65, and an eaves tip plate portion connecting between them 64. Further, an outer drain piece 66 extending from the eaves plate 64 and protruding downward is provided at the lower end of the eaves plate 64. Furthermore, the inner side draining board 67 bent downward is provided in the front-end | tip toward the direction of the eaves 56 of the existing house from the eaves lower board part 65. As shown in FIG.

  A rib 68 that is substantially upright with respect to the surface of the eaves lower plate portion 65 and extends in the longitudinal direction is provided in the middle portion in the depth direction of the eaves lower plate portion 65. A plurality of rectangular outside air inlets 62 are provided on the eaves side of the rib 68 at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction. The upper part of the outside air introduction port 62 is covered with a drainage plate 69 formed so as to rise obliquely at a predetermined angle (for example, around 30 °) from the base portion of the rib 68 toward the eaves side. The outside air introduction port 62 is preferably provided with a net for preventing insects, dust, and the like from entering the drainer 60. In the drainer 60, the upper plate portion 63 is fixed to the upper surface of the end portion of the heat insulating panel 26. According to this eaves-end structure, rainwater can be made difficult to blow into the drainer 60. In particular, rainwater blown from the outside air introduction portion 62 hits the drainage plate 69, and rainwater is prevented from blowing into the drainer 60.

  Returning to FIG. 1, the ventilation building 40 provided on the building side of the roof ventilation layer 27 will be described. An opening / closing device 31 is arranged in the ventilation building 40. The opening / closing device 31 is disposed immediately below the ridge portion of the roof structure 20 and has a function of controlling the opening / closing of the ventilation state between the roof ventilation layer 27 and the air outlet 39. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing details of the opening / closing device 31. FIG. 5 is an enlarged view showing details of the ventilation building 40 in FIG. 1. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the opening / closing device 31 has a structure in which two elongated side plates 32 a and 32 b are arranged to face each other via four rectangular spacers 33. Each side plate 32 a and 32 b is attached with a flat plate-like flange portion 35 in a substantially eight-letter shape when viewed in the extending direction of the opening / closing device 31. An actuator 34 is disposed in the center of the opening / closing device 31. In addition, a shaft hole is formed in the center of each spacer 33, and the rotation shaft 36 is rotatably supported in the shaft hole. A damper 37, which is a flat plate member, is fixed to the rotation shaft 36. FIG. 5 shows a state in which the damper 37 is attached to the rotary shaft 36 as viewed from the axial direction of the rotary shaft 36. The actuator 34 and the rotary shaft 36 are connected by a drive mechanism described later, and linear movement of the actuator operating element is converted into a rotational force of the rotary shaft 36.

  The actuator 34 shown in FIG. 4 is a temperature-actuated type that utilizes the thermal expansion of paraffin wax. When the temperature of the environment exceeds a set temperature, the thermal expansion starts, and the rotating shaft 36 (see FIG. 5) rotates. Accordingly, the damper 37 rotates. By the rotation of the damper 37, the path through the opening / closing device 31 up and down is opened or closed. In this example, the actuator 34 is set not to operate when the temperature falls below a predetermined temperature, and at that time, the damper 37 is set to a closed state. Then, when the temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature, the actuator 34 starts to operate, and accordingly, the damper 37 starts to rotate from the closed state, and the roof ventilation layer 27 is released to the outside via the opening / closing device 31. Has been. Since the actuator 34 has a predetermined operating width with respect to the temperature change, the damper 37 becomes parallel to the air flow direction and becomes a fully open state when the predetermined temperature is exceeded to some extent. For this reason, the open state of the damper 37 with respect to temperature can be adjusted by adjusting the thermal expansion width with respect to a temperature change. The adjustment of the thermal expansion width with respect to the threshold value of the opening operation and the temperature change can be performed by adjusting the composition of the paraffin wax.

  Next, the mounting structure of the switchgear 31 will be described with reference to FIG. The opening / closing device 31 has a flange 35 fixed to the heat insulating panel 26. In this attached state, the flange portion 35 also functions as a shielding plate that blocks the ventilation path other than passing through the opening / closing device 31. That is, the gaps on both sides of the opening / closing device 31 are closed by the flange 35 so that a path connecting the space 38 connected to the roof ventilation layer 27 and the outside is through the opening / closing device 31.

  Next, the structure of the ventilation building 40 will be described. As shown in FIG. 5, the upper part of the ventilation building 40 is covered with a building cover part 41. The ridge cover part 41 is made of, for example, a metal plate, and has a cross-sectional shape that is a loose reverse shape along the inclined structure of the roof structure 20. A draining plate 43 is disposed below the ridge cover portion 41 at a predetermined interval. The draining plate 43 has the same inclination as the ridge cover portion 41. A space between the ridge cover portion 41 and the draining plate 43 serves as an air discharge path 42, and an outlet thereof serves as an air discharge port 39. The air discharge path 42 is connected to the upper opening of the opening / closing device 31. FIG. 5 shows a state where the damper 37 is rotated in a vertical state and the opening / closing device 31 is opened. In this state, the route of the roof ventilation layer 27 → the opening / closing device 31 → the air discharge route 42 is connected, and the roof ventilation layer 27 is opened to the outside (outdoor).

  According to the structure of the ventilation tower 40, the upper part of the switchgear 31 is covered with the ridge cover part 41. Therefore, even if it rains with the switchgear 31 open as shown in FIG. Infiltration of rainwater into the ventilation layer 27 can be prevented. Moreover, since the ridge cover part 41 is inclined according to the inclination of the roof, it is possible to prevent rainwater from being blown into the opening / closing device 31 from the air discharge port 39. In addition, the presence of the draining plate 43 protects the location where the opening / closing device 31 is attached to the roof structure, and can prevent damage due to intrusion of rainwater.

  Returning to FIG. 1, the ventilation building 40 is distributed and arranged at a plurality of locations in the entire extension direction of the roof structure 20. Of course, you may arrange | position the ventilation building 40 over the whole extension direction of a building. Further, the ventilation building 40 may exist from end to end of the building, and a plurality of the switching devices 31 may be partially dispersed. Further, when the length of the ridge is short, only one opening / closing device 31 may be arranged. Moreover, the ventilation building 40 can also be applied to the structure where the building is inclined.

  In the above configuration, the thickness of the roof ventilation layer 27 (the distance between the roof material 51 and the heat insulation panel 26) is desirably about 20 mm to 40 mm. When the thickness of the roof ventilation layer 27 is less than about 20 mm, the ventilation property of the roof ventilation layer 27 is deteriorated, and the ventilation function (cooling function) during the opening operation of the switchgear 31 is lowered. Further, the function of the roof ventilation layer 27 as the heat shield layer during the closing operation of the opening / closing device 31 is lowered.

  Further, when the thickness of the roof ventilation layer 27 exceeds about 40 mm, the influence of convection in the roof ventilation layer 27 increases, and the outside air inlet 62 to the air outlet 39 during the opening operation of the switchgear 31 is increased. Air circulation deteriorates and the ventilation function (cooling function) of the roof vent layer 27 is reduced. That is, the influence of air circulation in the roof ventilation layer 27 by convection becomes larger than the cooling effect by ventilation. For this reason, the temperature rise in the roof ventilation layer 27 under the clear weather in summer becomes remarkable, and the temperature rise in the room or the hut back 55 becomes large.

(Function of roof ventilation layer)
Hereinafter, the function of the roof ventilation layer 27 by the operation of the opening / closing device 31 will be described. Here, it is assumed that the actuator 34 of the opening / closing device 31 shown in FIG. 4 starts to operate at about 14 ° C., and the damper 37 is set to be fully open (vertical) at about 25 ° C. The selection of the operating temperature can be appropriately selected according to the environment, the structure of the house to which the present invention is applied, and the like. Here, as a specific example, a case where the operation starts at about 14 ° C. and the damper 37 is set to be fully opened (vertical) at about 25 ° C. will be described.

  A specific example will be described below. For example, assume that the season is winter and the outside air temperature is 5 ° C. In this case, the actuator 34 shown in FIG. 4 does not operate, and the damper 37 shown in FIG. 5 is maintained in a horizontal state. This state is shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram showing a case where the opening / closing device 31 is in a closed state. In this state, the roof ventilation layer 27 and the air discharge port 39 are not connected, and the air of the roof ventilation layer 27 is not discharged from the air discharge port 39 of the ventilation building 40. For this reason, the air introduced into the roof ventilation layer 27 from the outside air introduction part 62 at the eaves end does not escape from the air outlet 39 of the ventilation building 40 to the outside. Therefore, even if the air in the roof ventilation layer 27 is warmed by the warm air in the room or the roof 55, it is not discharged to the outside (outdoor) from the ventilation building 40. Therefore, the air layer of the roof ventilation layer 27 can function as a heat shield layer so that the warm air in the room or the hut back 55 is not released to the outside through the roof structure 20. At this time, since the heat insulating function of the heat insulating panel 26 prevents the warm air in the roof ventilation layer 27 from flowing out to the outside through the steel plate roof tile 29, the function of the roof ventilation layer 27 as the above-described heat shielding layer. Can be effectively exhibited. Thus, when the outside air temperature is low, the ventilation function of the ventilation building 40 is closed, and indoor warm air can be prevented from escaping from the roof to the outside.

  It is assumed that the season is summer and the outside air temperature during sunny weather is 30 ° C. In this case, the actuator 34 shown in FIG. 4 operates and the damper 37 becomes vertical. This state is shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing a case where the opening / closing device 31 is in an open state. In this state, the roof ventilation layer 27 and the air discharge port 39 are connected, and the air in the roof ventilation layer 27 can be discharged from the air discharge port 39. For this reason, when sunlight 71 hits the roof structure 20 and the roof structure 20 is warmed, the air in the roof ventilation layer 27 is warmed, and the warmed air (warm air) is ventilated as indicated by an arrow 72a. It rises along the slope of the roof in the direction of the ridge 40. The warm air rising toward the ventilation building 40 is discharged to the outside (outdoor) from the air discharge port 39 as indicated by an arrow 72b. In this process, as indicated by an arrow 72c, outside air is introduced from the outside air introduction port 62 at the eaves edge, and is supplied to the roof ventilation layer 27. By performing this cycle continuously, the heat of sunlight received by the steel plate roof tile 29 is discharged from the ventilation building 40, and heating of the existing roof structure 50 is prevented. In other words, the cooling effect by the outside air that ventilates the roof ventilation layer 27 is exhibited, and the heat that is transmitted from the steel plate tile 29 heated by the sunlight 71 to the inside is cooled. For this reason, even if the existing roof structure 50 is not particularly heat-insulating, it is possible to suppress the temperature rise of the room or the hut back 55 due to sunlight. Moreover, since the heat insulation panel 26 is arrange | positioned under the steel plate tile 29, even if the steel plate tile 29 is heated with the sunlight 71, the heat is conducted to the roof ventilation layer 27 and the existing roof structure 50. Is suppressed. Therefore, the indoor temperature rise by sunlight can be effectively suppressed by the synergistic effect with the ventilation function. As described above, when the outside air temperature is high, the ventilation function of the ventilation building 40 is opened, and the outside air is circulated through the roof ventilation layer 27 so that the indoor temperature is not increased by the sunlight 71.

  Further, at an intermediate temperature of 14 ° C. to 25 ° C., the open state of the switchgear 31 is also in an intermediate state, so that a ventilation function that matches the temperature can be obtained. The ventilation function according to this temperature can be arbitrarily set by adjusting the composition of the paraffin wax that drives the actuator 34.

(Operation of switchgear)
Hereinafter, a mechanism of operation of the opening / closing device 31 will be described. FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram showing an outline of the operation of the actuator 34 provided in the opening / closing device 31 shown in FIG. Here, FIGS. 8A and 8B show a state at a low temperature (a state where the damper is closed) that is lower than the operating region (for example, 14 ° C. to 25 ° C.). 8C and 8D show a state at a high temperature exceeding the operating range (for example, 14 ° C. to 25 ° C.) (a state where the damper is open). Moreover, the state which looked at FIG. 8 (A) from the right side surface direction is shown by (B), and the state which looked at FIG. 8 (C) from the right side surface direction is shown by (D).

  The actuator 34 includes an actuator main body 81 and a piston 82 that can be moved in and out in a linear direction with respect to the actuator main body 81. The inside of the actuator body 81 is filled with paraffin wax, and the piston 82 extends or contracts from the actuator body 81 in accordance with the expansion and contraction thereof. A retainer 83 is fixed to the piston 82. A cylindrical engaging portion 84 protrudes from the side surface of the retainer 83, and the engaging portion 84 is loosely fitted into a groove 85a of a disc-shaped cam 85. The engaging portion 84 is engaged with the groove 85a at a position eccentric from the center of the cam 85. A plate-like damper 37 is fixed to the cam 85, and the rotation center of the cam 85 is the rotation shaft 36. When the cam 85 rotates, the damper 37 rotates about the rotation shaft 36, and the closed state in FIG. 6, the open state in FIG. 7, or an intermediate state between them can be obtained.

  Hereinafter, the movement of each part will be described with reference to FIG. When the temperature rises from the low temperature state shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B and reaches the temperature of the operating region (14 ° C.), the paraffin wax in the actuator body 81 begins to expand. Along with this, the piston 82 starts to extend upward from the actuator body 81. Corresponding to this movement, the retainer 83 rises. As the retainer 83 rises, the engaging portion 84 moves upward while sliding in the groove 85a, and accordingly, the cam 85 rotates counterclockwise about the rotation shaft 36. Due to the rotation of the cam 85, the damper 37 in the horizontal state rotates counterclockwise. When the temperature further rises to 25 ° C., the damper 37 rotates 90 ° from the state shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, and the state shown in FIGS. 8C and 8D is obtained. This state is a fully open state.

  In the state shown in FIGS. 8C and 8D, when the temperature starts to drop and falls below 25 ° C., the paraffin in the actuator body 81 starts to shrink. Then, a movement opposite to the movement described above occurs, the engaging portion 84 descends, and the cam 85 starts to rotate clockwise from the state shown in (D). As a result, the damper 37 similarly starts to rotate clockwise, and returns to the state shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B when the temperature falls below 14 ° C. That is, it returns to a completely closed state.

  As described above, in the set temperature range, the paraffin wax in the actuator body 81 expands or contracts according to the temperature change, and thereby the piston 82 is taken in and out. Then, the movement of the piston 82 is converted into the rotational motion of the cam 85 by the function of the engaging portion 84 of the retainer 83 and the cam 85, and the damper 37 rotates. The opening / closing operation of the opening / closing device 31 shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 is performed by the rotation of the damper 37.

(Advantages of the embodiment)
According to the embodiment using the present invention described above, the opening and closing of the ventilation building 40 is automatically operated according to the temperature of the environment, and it is effective to increase the indoor temperature in summer or decrease the indoor temperature in winter. Can be suppressed. Further, since the actuator 34 does not require fuel or a power source, it is maintenance-free and does not require power costs or maintenance costs. Furthermore, since the temperature range in which the actuator 34 operates can be arbitrarily set, the operating range with respect to temperature can be arbitrarily adjusted based on the installation environment, the user's request, and the like.

  The structure shown in FIG. 1 can be realized at low cost because the existing roof structure 50 can be used as it is. Moreover, since it is not necessary to dismantle the existing roof structure 50, the house can be used as it is during the construction period, and the burden on the resident can be minimized. Moreover, although exaggeratedly described in FIG. 1, the thickness dimension of the roof structure 20 using the present invention provided on the basis of the existing roof structure 50 can be made inconspicuous. For this reason, an uncomfortable feeling does not occur in the structure of the roof after the renovation.

  Moreover, since the heat insulation panel 26 is arrange | positioned under the steel plate roof tile 29, the heat and sound which are going to be transmitted indoors from the steel plate roof tile 29 are interrupted | blocked there. For this reason, in addition to the interruption | blocking of the heat | fever of sunlight, it is also prevented that rain sound is transmitted indoors. For this reason, the steel plate tile 29 provided with the advantages of low cost, light weight, high durability, high workability, and high designability can be used as the roofing material. Moreover, since the steel plate tile 29 and the heat insulation panel 26 are lightweight, the weight burden added to the existing roof structure 50 can be made small. For this reason, the durability and earthquake resistance of the building to be remodeled are not lowered.

(Demonstration test results)
Hereinafter, a verification test for confirming the effect of the switchgear 31 will be described. The demonstration test was performed by preparing three houses with the roof structure shown in FIG. Here, it is assumed that the first test house has the switchgear 31 closed, the second test house has the switchgear 31 opened, and the third test house has the ventilation system shown in FIG. Not a normal colonial roof. Further, in these test houses, the space indicated by reference numeral 55 is used as it is, and the volume and interior structure of each room are the same. The test environment was a test period: 2 days (2 days and nights), an average temperature of 7 ° C., a minimum temperature: −1 ° C., a maximum temperature: 11 ° C., and a weather: generally clear weather during the test period.

  In this demonstration test, the same electric heating device was arranged in each room indicated by reference numeral 55, and the electric heating device was set so that the room temperature was always 18 ° C. And the power consumption of the electric heating apparatus during the test period was measured. As a result, assuming that the air conditioner power consumption in the second test house was 100%, the air conditioner power consumption in the first test house was 86%, and the air conditioner power consumption in the third test house was 95%.

  From this test result, in the general winter environment on the Pacific coast of Japan, the roof structure shown in FIG. Was found to be reduced by 14%. In addition, it was found that the heating effect can be improved and the heating power can be reduced by 5% even when compared with a normal colonial roof structure. From this test result, it can be seen that a configuration in which an opening / closing device is arranged in the ridge portion and closed at a low temperature is effective for preventing the warm air from escaping outdoors. That is, it can be seen that the roof ventilation layer 27 functions as a heat shield layer.

(Modification of the first embodiment)
When the roofing material 51 is a normal tile (clay tile), the roofing material 51 is removed leaving the field plate 53. And the rafter 25 for ventilation | gas_flowing is newly attached on the field board 53, and the heat insulation panel 26 is fixed on it. In this case, the base plate 53 is the roof base material in the present invention. At this time, a heat insulating panel is arranged on the field board 53, and a ventilation rafter 25 is attached thereon, so that the heat insulation and sound insulation between the roof ventilation layer 27 and the room or the hut back 55 can be improved. Good.

(2) Second Embodiment The present invention can also be applied to a newly built house. In the case where the present invention is applied to a newly built house, in the operation of providing a roof, a heat insulating panel is constructed thereon at the stage of providing a normal field board. And what is necessary is just to construct the roof structure similar to what is shown in FIG. 1 by using this heat insulation panel as a roof base material.

  The present invention can be used for a roof of a house or the like.

It is a conceptual diagram which shows the cross-section of the roof structure using invention. It is a partially broken perspective view which shows the outline | summary of the roof structure using invention. It is the conceptual diagram which expanded the cross-section of the eaves part of the roof structure using invention. It is a perspective view which shows the outline | summary of an opening / closing apparatus. It is the conceptual diagram which expanded the cross-section of the ridge part of the roof structure using invention. It is a key map showing the state where an opening and closing device is closed. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the state in which the switchgear is open. It is a conceptual diagram explaining operation | movement of the drive mechanism which moves an opening / closing apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 20 ... Roof structure using invention, 25 ... Rafter for ventilation, 26 ... Thermal insulation panel, 27 ... Roof ventilation layer, 29 ... Steel roof tile, 31 ... Opening and closing device, 32a ... Side plate, 32b ... Side plate, 33 ... Spacer, 34 ... Actuator, 35 ... Butt part, 36 ... Rotating shaft, 37 ... Damper, 38 ... Space connected to roof ventilation layer, 39 ... Air exhaust port, 40 ... Ventilation building, 41 ... Building cover part, 42 ... Air exhaust path, 43 ... Draining board, 50 ... Existing roof structure, 51 ... Roof material, 52 ... Roof rafter, 53 ... Field board, 54 ... Beam, 55 ... Indoor or shed, 56 ... Eaves, 57 ... Side board, 58 ... Eave ceiling, 59 ... Outer wall portion, 60 ... Drainer, 61 ... Eave edge, 62 ... Outside air inlet, 63 ... Upper plate portion, 64 ... Eave edge plate portion, 65 ... Lower eaves plate portion, 66 ... Outer drain piece, 67 ... Inner drain plate, 68 ... ribs, 69 ... water shields, 71 ... sunlight, 8 ... actuator body, 82 ... piston, 83 ... retainer 84 ... engaging portion, 85 ... cam, 85a ... groove of the cam.

Claims (6)

Thermal insulation placed on the roof substrate,
A roofing material disposed on the insulation;
A roof ventilation layer provided between the roof base material and the heat insulating material;
An opening / closing device that opens the roof ventilation layer to the outside when the temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature and closes the roof ventilation layer to the outside when the temperature falls below the predetermined temperature. And the roof structure. The roof structure includes a ridge and an eaves at a position lower than the ridge,
The wing comprises a ventilation wing that ensures ventilation between the roof ventilation layer and the outside,
The roof structure according to claim 1, wherein the opening and closing device opens and closes the ventilation in the ventilation building.   The roof structure according to claim 2, wherein an outside air introduction port for introducing outside air into the roof ventilation layer is arranged at the eaves. By opening the switchgear, the roof vent layer functions as a cooling layer that releases the heat of sunlight that hits the roof material to the outside,
4. The roof structure according to claim 3, wherein by closing the switchgear, the roof ventilation layer functions as a heat shield layer that prevents indoor warm air from being radiated to the outside.   5. The roof structure according to claim 3, wherein a water barrier plate that suppresses the blowing of water into the inside is disposed at the outside air introduction port.   The roof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the switchgear is driven by an actuator using a material that expands or contracts due to a temperature change.

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