JP2008297874A - Energy saving building - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem that an air stream running counter to the natural principle of causing warm air to form an ascending flow and cool air to form a descending flow cannot be formed well in a conventional double ventilation house. <P>SOLUTION: An energy saving house of an attic ventilation structure wherein an eaves ventilation port 5b and a ridge ventilation port 5c are connected with an attic ventilation passage 5a includes a ridge neighborhood ventilation passage switching unit 4 enabling switching to an air passage connecting the ventilation passage 5c with an attic space 16 (in a case wherein a ceiling is installed in the uppermost story) or an indoor space 14 (in a case wherein a gradient ceiling is installed in the uppermost story) to introduce air flowing in from the eaves to the attic space 16 or the indoor space 14 and an air passage discharging the air from the attic space 16 or the indoor space 14 through the ridge ventilation port 5c provided in the ridge. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention makes it possible to create a uniform thermal environment inside the building by skillfully combining the near-building airway switching device attached to the vicinity of the building and a simple ventilation device to create air circulation inside the building and improve air permeability. It is related to an energy-saving building that uses natural energy efficiently and avoids relying on cooling and heating as much as possible, while keeping it at the same time, preventing condensation and extending the life of wooden houses.

  In order to promote energy saving, building construction methods that enhance the efficiency of air conditioning by making buildings airtight and insulated have been actively proposed in recent years.

  Insulation breaks that cannot be completely avoided when building buildings with enhanced airtightness and heat insulation become thermal bridges, where condensation forms in the enclosure and indoors, accelerating wood decay and building deterioration. It has been pointed out to do.

  In order to solve this problem, various methods for ventilating the building enclosure have been proposed.

  On the other hand, as a more proactive method of energy saving, a passive solar system using solar energy applied to the building, or a building that combines the above-described ventilation structure with an active solar system that further promotes this is being built. .

  By the way, in any of the structures described above, the use of large-scale heat collectors and ducts that are not enough to use the cold air under the floor in summer or the solar heat that pours onto the building in winter, or that can only be used in winter There are many inefficient parts because a system is necessary. An example will be described below.

  As an example, one way to increase the air permeability of the enclosure, prevent condensation and increase the durability of the building is to install a ventilation layer (outer ventilation layer) between the roofing material and the outer wall material and the heat insulating material. In addition to providing a ventilation layer (inner ventilation layer) between the heat insulating material and the inner wall material, an outer heat insulation double ventilation method with an openable and closable damper connecting the outside air and the inner ventilation layer to the base of the building and the back of the hut (Patent Document 1) is known.

  As an example 2, there is a construction method in which the heat collected by a special heat collector installed on the roof is guided under the floor through a duct using mechanical means as one of the methods of actively taking winter solar energy into the room (Patent) Literature 2, 3).

  As an example 3, there is an air cycle construction method as one of the passive solar construction methods that enhances the air permeability in the housing, prevents condensation, enhances the durability of the building, and uses solar heat. This construction method is specially designed to provide a ventilation layer (outer ventilation layer) provided between the roofing material and the outer wall material and the heat insulating material, and a ventilation layer (inner ventilation layer) provided between the heat insulating material and the inner wall material, allowing only upward air flow to pass. Air in the south side of the building heated by solar heat in the winter is taken into the inside air ventilation layer by embedding a special ventilation hole or a special ventilation hole that opens and closes at a certain temperature in the heat insulating material and connecting the outer ventilation layer and the inner ventilation layer Furthermore, the warm air on the south side of the building is guided under the floor through the inner ventilation layer on the north side by convection to warm the whole building. In addition, the special ventilation path which opens only toward the inner side is provided in the foundation part as an idea which does not escape the warm air introduced under the floor.

Example 4 is one of the passive solar construction methods that increase the air permeability in the enclosure, prevent condensation, increase the durability of the building, and also use solar heat. (Outer ventilation layer), a ventilation layer (inner ventilation layer) provided between the heat insulating material and the inner wall material, and a heat collection box provided in the ridge part of the building keeps the heat irradiated to the south surface of the building in winter There is a method of introducing heat into the ventilation layer and discharging heat from the outer ventilation layer and the inner ventilation layer through the building exhaust path in the summer (Patent Document 4).
Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-35731 JP 63-165633 A Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 64-75852 Japanese Patent No. 2934159

  The outer heat insulation double ventilation method shown in the above-mentioned Example 1 is excellent in that it tries to use cold air under the floor in summer. However, since the position of the under floor damper is close to the inner ventilation layer, There is a possibility that the coldest air under the floor just above the solid foundation and the outside air are introduced into the inside air ventilation layer without being mixed. Alternatively, in the natural world, since cold air has a property of descending, it is considered that cold air under the floor is not lifted to the upper part of the building through the inner ventilation layer. In winter, energy consumption related to heating based on the thermal insulation performance of the building can be saved, but solar heat falling on the building cannot be introduced and used indoors. Therefore, although this construction method is meaningful as a ventilation method in the enclosure, it has not led to efficient use of geothermal and solar heat.

  The method shown in Example 2 is expensive because it requires a special heat collector and a large duct. In summer, solar heat cannot be introduced indoors, so a large ventilation system that also functions as a ventilation system cannot be operated. For this reason, it is difficult to make a house airtight and insulated. Furthermore, underfloor cold air cannot be used in summer.

  In the method shown in Example 3 described above, there is a drawback that hot outside air is taken inside the heat insulating material near the eaves of a building in summer. In addition, it is difficult to achieve airtightness due to a number of ventilation holes on the heat insulation surface (difficult to perform planned ventilation). Furthermore, even in the winter, the updraft and wind on the south side of the building alone are weak against the natural providence that the downdraft on the north side of the building is weak and warm air rises. It cannot be sent efficiently inside the foundation.

  In the construction method shown in Example 4 above, since the method of guiding the warm air introduced into the inner ventilation layer into the room in winter is not considered, the warm air stays at the upper part of the building and does not warm the room located at the lower part. . Moreover, in this construction method, since it is a floor insulation construction method in which a heat insulating material is installed under the floor, the cold air stored inside the foundation rising portion cannot be used positively in summer.

  In other words, in the conventional ventilation method described above, it is assumed that the air flow contrary to the “natural principle that warm air rises and cold air descends” occurs only by attaching an air inlet / outlet to the foundation or the back of the hut. In many cases it is not theoretical, such as underfloor cold in the summer or solar heat falling on the building in the winter is insufficient or not used at all, and large heat collection that can be used only in the winter There are a lot of inefficiencies because a system using equipment or ducts is necessary.

  The invention according to the present application improves the above-described drawbacks found in the conventional ventilation method, and the interior of the building (when the internal ventilation path is formed between the heat insulating material and the internal wall material, these internal ventilation spaces and indoors Combined with a simple and inexpensive ventilation device, the solar energy and geothermal energy radiated on the building in winter, and in the summer, air that is cooler than the outside air based on cold energy such as geothermal and radiant cooling is used. The objective is to provide an energy-saving building that minimizes the need to rely on cooling and heating as well as preventing condensation and extending the life of a wooden house by creating a maximum circulation of air taken into the room.

  According to a first configuration of an energy-saving building that realizes the object of the present invention, as described in claim 1, the under-ventilation ventilation connects the vent holes provided in the eaves and the ridge with the under-roof air passage formed under the roof material. In an energy-saving building using a construction method, near the ridge, the air that flows in from the eaves connecting the space between the under-air vent and the roof (if the top floor has a ceiling) or indoor (when the top floor is a gradient ceiling) That can be switched between an air flow path that allows air to be introduced into the back of a shed or indoor space, and an air flow path that allows air from the shed or indoor space to be discharged from the wing vent. Installed in the vicinity of the near-airway switching device and the building with enhanced heat insulation and airtightness, near the top of the building internal space directly below the near-airway airway switching device, and in the case of the basic thermal insulation method, underfloor space, underfloor Insulation method In this case, the space formed between the flooring and the heat insulating material installed at the lower part of the flooring is connected, and the upper and lower ends are respectively installed near the top of the space and under the floor or the flooring and the lower part of the flooring. A cylindrical air circulation cylinder opened in a space formed between the materials, and a blowing means capable of selectively forming an air flow from the top to the bottom and from the bottom to the top in the air circulation cylinder, A top opening / closing valve that regulates and shuts off the air flow by dividing the inside of the air circulation cylinder in the vertical direction at a position close to the top, and a lower part of the top opening / closing valve, which can be opened and closed inside and outside the air circulation cylinder And an air circulation device having an indoor vent connected to the at least one of the ridges near the air flow switching device.

  The second configuration of the energy-saving building that realizes the object of the present invention is the above-described first configuration, wherein the second configuration adopts an underfloor heat insulation method, and the outer peripheral vertical surface excluding the foundation portion, the top floor Wall materials, ceiling materials, or gradients on the indoor side that are constructed in a manner that hides the structural materials such as pillars and beams, and the heat insulating material that is constructed on the ceiling surface or the slope below the roof, the bottom floor of the lowest floor It has a housing ventilation layer that is a space formed between the ceiling material and the floor material and communicated with each other, and when the air circulation device is not installed, the housing ventilation layer is connected to the building vent, In the case where an air circulation device is installed, the air flow path from the internal body ventilation layer to the vicinity of the ridge near the airway switching device is blocked near the top of the internal body ventilation layer, and the internal ventilation layer A ventilation means such as a louver is appropriately disposed between and connected to the indoor space. It is characterized in.

  The third configuration of the energy-saving building that realizes the object of the present invention is the first configuration as described in claim 3, adopting the basic heat insulation method, and including the vertical vertical surface including the foundation rising portion, the top floor A ventilation layer which is a space formed between the heat insulating material constructed on the ceiling surface or the sloped surface of the roof and the wall material on the back of the shed or indoor space, the ceiling material or the sloped ceiling material and communicated with each other. And when the air circulation device is not installed, the enclosure ventilation layer is connected to the building vent, and when the air circulation device is installed, the enclosure is located near the top of the enclosure ventilation layer. Block the air flow path from the inner ventilation layer to the vicinity of the building near the ridge ventilation switching device, and connect the enclosure ventilation layer and the underfloor space and the indoor space by appropriately arranging ventilation means such as louvers. It is characterized by that.

  A fourth configuration of an energy-saving building that realizes the object of the present invention includes the air circulation device of the buildings shown in the second or third configuration, as described in claim 4, and includes a room. It is characterized by improving the fluidity of the air inside the building by constructing it with a structure that reveals structures such as columns and beams inside.

  According to a fifth configuration of the energy-saving building that realizes the object of the present invention, the heat insulating material is installed on the sloped surface below the roof and the ceiling surface of the top floor of the building as described in claim 5. It is characterized by.

  According to a sixth configuration of the energy-saving building that realizes the object of the present invention, among the buildings shown in the second to fifth configurations, the air circulation device is installed, and The upper end of the air circulation tube of the air circulation device is directly connected to an air passage that guides air from the air passage under the roof to the back of the shed or the indoor space.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the air in the underfloor ventilation layer heated by the solar energy that falls on the roof during the day with winter sunlight is closed by closing the switching valve associated with the near-building ventilation path switching device. An effect of securing an air flow path for taking in the room, and an air flow path for efficiently discharging hot air collected at the top of the building during the summer day by opening a switching valve attached to the apparatus. This has the effect of securing the air flow path for taking in the cold air of the underfloor ventilation layer formed by being cooled by radiative cooling from the roof in summer night. In this case, the switching valve is in a state with a higher rate of opening and closing.

  Also, by installing an air flow device and putting a little energy into it, it flows from the airflow switching device near the ridge in the form against the natural principle that warm air rises and cold air descends The "warm air in the under-floor ventilation layer warmed by solar radiation in the winter" is efficiently applied to the under-floor space or the space formed between the flooring and the insulation material under the flooring. The effect of sending, the effect of lifting the cool air under the floor during the summer day, efficiently sending it to the inside of the building, and the cool air formed in the underfloor ventilation layer by radiative cooling from the roof in the summer night is formed in the underfloor space or under the floor The effect of sending to the ventilated layer inside the housing is obtained.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 2, in the building of an underfloor heat insulation construction method, between the room | chamber interior with the heat insulating material constructed | assembled on the outer peripheral vertical surface, the ceiling surface of the uppermost floor or the underfloor slope surface, the floor lower surface of the lowermost floor The interior wall (so-called large wall), ceiling or sloped ceiling / floor constructed to conceal the structural materials such as pillars and beams are installed in the interior, and the space created between them and the heat insulating material communicates with each other. The layer is connected to the ventilation switching device near the building, and the internal ventilation layer and the indoor space are appropriately connected using a louver or the like, and for example, an exhaust fan installed for ventilation of the indoor space is linked to this Or by blocking the air flow path from the enclosure vent layer to the vicinity of the ridge near the ridge ventilation switch in the vicinity of the top of the enclosure vent layer and installing the air flow device and accompanying air flow Actuating means and glaring The air in the underfloor ventilation layer warmed by solar energy falling on the roof during the day of winter sunshine, and the summer night Weak energy is applied to the intake of cold air from the underfloor ventilation layer formed by cooling by radiative cooling from the roof, and the creation of indoor air circulation including the ventilation layer inside the enclosure. By doing so efficiently, there is an effect of efficiently using natural energy and an effect of extending the life of the structural material.

  In the building of the basic heat insulation method shown in the invention according to claim 3, the ventilation layer formed between the floor and the underfloor heat insulating material in the underfloor heat insulation method is replaced with the underfloor space. Since the air in the underfloor space that is affected by cool geothermal heat can be used, it is more effective for efficient use of natural energy. Also, during the summer day, the top shut-off valve and the indoor vent associated with the air circulation device are closed and opened, and the associated air blower is operated upward, so that the underfloor air cooled by the geothermal heat is moved indoors. By introducing it into the space, the effect of creating a more comfortable living environment can be enhanced.

  The invention according to claim 4 has the following effects. In a building with a general large wall construction method that does not have a ventilation layer inside the enclosure, a sealed space with no air flow formed between the heat insulating material on the outer periphery of the building and the large wall causes condensation. A building having a ventilation layer in the enclosure has been proposed. According to the present invention, in order to further reduce the stagnation of air inside the building, a large wall is removed from the building of the invention according to claim 2 or 3, and By revealing the structural material such as, there is an effect of further improving the fluidity of the indoor air.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 5, in the case of constructing a heat insulating material on the roof bottom slope surface as well as the ceiling of the top floor of the building, the roof bottom slope surface prevents heat from strong summer sunlight from entering the building. The thickness of the heat insulating material required when installing the heat insulating material only (In the Housing Finance Corporation Next Generation Energy Saving Standard, 90 mm is required even if high performance heat insulating material is used in the region II-V defined in the same standard. The effect of shortening the length of the screw, which is a problem), and the effect of improving the workability by eliminating the cut of the heat insulating material, the heat insulation constructed on the sloped surface of the roof and the ceiling of the top floor of the building By using the air layer formed in the attic space between the materials as a heat insulating layer, there is an effect of obtaining a higher heat insulating effect.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 6, in order to connect an underfloor air passage and the said air circulation apparatus directly, the warm air formed in the underfloor air passage during the daytime of winter with a solar radiation, and radiation | emission at the night of the sunny summer It becomes possible to more efficiently introduce the cool air formed in the under-air ventilation passage by cooling into the cabin or indoor space.

  In the building with the above configuration, a ventilation layer is provided between the heat insulating material and the outer wall material on the outer peripheral vertical surface, and is connected to the under-air ventilation layer at the eave portion, and is installed outside the eaves ventilation hole or in addition to the eaves ventilation layer. There are buildings with an external ventilation method that provide an air passage from the ventilation hole provided at the lower part of the ventilation layer to the building ventilation hole, and buildings that do not have the external ventilation layer. During the day, it becomes possible to take in the air in the outer ventilation layer heated by the solar energy irradiated to the outer wall in addition to the roof surface into the room, and the solar heat irradiated to the outer wall vertical surface in summer Since there is an effect of shielding by the layer, natural energy can be used more efficiently than a building without a corresponding outer ventilation layer.

  As described above, according to the present invention, “warm air is important in utilizing natural energy by using the minimum power ventilation device in a form linked with the circulation of air inside the building including the enclosure. It creates air flow against the natural principle of rising and cooling air descending by applying very weak energy, and tries to increase the air-conditioning effect beyond the input energy. At the same time, the present invention has been considered to occur only by attaching doorways to the base part or the upper part of the building in conventional passive air cycle houses and double ventilated houses, "warm air rises and cold air falls It solves the theoretical contradiction of air flow that violates the "natural principle of doing".

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on embodiments shown in the drawings.

First Embodiment FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 (a) is a vertical sectional view of a plane connecting the eaves and the ridge of the near-airway switching device, and FIG. 1 (b) is FIG. It is the figure which looked at (a) from the eaves side. 3A and 3B are longitudinal sectional views of a building equipped with the near-building air passage switching device of FIG.

  The building vicinity ventilation path switching device 4 according to the present embodiment is arranged as shown in FIG. 3, for example. In any of the drawings, the same members are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

  Referring to FIG. 3, this building forms a housing ventilation layer 13 which is a space between the heat insulating material and the inner wall material. And the under-floor ventilation layer 5a which makes a under-floor air passage is formed so that the eaves vent 5b provided in the eaves and the ridge vent 5c provided in the ridge may be connected. The under-floor ventilation layer 5 a is formed between the under-floor heat insulating material 2 b and the second-layer field base plate 1 b constructed under the roof material 3. The roof material 3 includes asphalt roofing.

  The building vicinity ventilation path switching device 4 opens and closes the communication with the roof bottom ventilation layer 5a on the building ventilation port 5c side, but the roof bottom ventilation layer even if the slide valve 4a of the building vicinity ventilation path switching device 4 is closed. 5a and a ventilation layer portion (under-floor enclosure ventilation layer 13b) formed between the first base plate 1a and the ceiling (or gradient ceiling) 9b in the enclosure ventilation layer 13 are always in communication. Further, this under-floor interior ventilation layer 13b that is always in communication with the under-roof air layer 5a faces, for example, a ceiling surface gallery 11d that is an indoor vent. In FIG. 3, assuming that the left-right direction is the north-south direction, an appropriate number of ridge-side airway switching devices 4 are arranged along the east-west direction.

  This building vicinity ventilation path switching device 4 cuts a part of the joint base plate 1a and the roof under heat insulating material 2b in a portion close to the building and removes the deleted portion of the building side and the roof side ventilation layer 5a on the eaves side and the building side. The slide valve support frame 4b is formed by opposingly arranging the slide valve support frame 4b formed of a material having a high heat insulating performance such as wood, foamed plastic, etc., having an opening that forms a vent that can secure the air flow path 4c that connects the two. A flat slide valve 4a capable of closing the air flow path 4c between 4b is installed while maintaining airtightness.

  As shown in FIG. 1 (b), the under-floor ventilation layer 5a formed between the under-floor heat insulating material 2b and the second-layer field base plate 1b located above is as high as the second-layer rafter 6b. The slide valve 4a constructed in close contact with the opposing slide valve support frame 4b is slid up and down to open and close the flow path 4c in the near-building air passage switching device 4, thereby opening the under-floor ventilation layer 5a and the air flow from the room to the building are switched. 6a shows a single layer rafter.

  Note that the near-building air passage switching device of the present invention is not limited to this configuration, and the flow of air from the eaves side of the under-air ventilation layer 5a to the room or the attic space (including the inside ventilation layer) The device is not limited to such a shape as long as it is a device that can switch the flow of air from the room (including the ventilation layer inside the building) to the building vent 5c. For example, the device is installed in the ventilation layer 5a under the roof. A three-way cock-type under-floor air flow with a plate-like rotary valve or a hollow cylindrical foam plastic cylinder with an appropriate thickness embedded in a foam plastic cylinder of the same size as the inside diameter A road switching device or the like may be used.

  A method of using the near-building air passage switching device 4 according to this embodiment having the above-described configuration will be described below.

  The warm air in the underfloor ventilation layer 5a heated by solar energy during the daytime of winter (noon), and the cool air of the underfloor ventilation layer 5a formed by being cooled by radiant cooling from the roof in the summer night. In order to take in the room, the slide valve 4a is pushed up to close the flow path 4c, thereby securing a flow path in the room or the attic space including the under-floor ventilation layer 5a and the enclosure ventilation layer.

  On the other hand, when it is desired to exclude hot air in the room during summer daytime (noon), the flow path from the room or the attic space is connected to the building vent 5c by lowering the slide valve 4a and opening the flow path 4c. Then, it is discharged from the building vent 5c together with the hot air in the underfloor vent layer 5a that has been warmed and has a rising force.

Second Embodiment FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention.

  4A and 4B are longitudinal sectional views of a building including an air circulation device 7 which is an air circulation device that circulates air in the vertical direction of FIG.

  In FIG. 2, the air circulation device 7 according to the present embodiment has an air circulation cylinder 7b that forms an air circulation cylinder composed of cylindrical members that are open at both upper and lower ends, for example, as shown in FIG. is doing. This air circulation cylinder 7b passes through, for example, the underfloor space 15, the indoor space 14, and the cabin space 16 shown in FIG. 4 and penetrates the top vent 8a. It extends to the opposite position.

  A blower fan 7a is provided at the lower part of the air circulation cylinder 7b, and a top opening / closing valve 7d is provided at the upper part. An indoor vent 7c is formed on the side wall surface of the air circulation cylinder 7b. The indoor vent 7c is opened to face the room.

  The blower fan 7a has a maximum blown amount of about half of the internal volume per hour depending on the internal volume of the building and can be fed back, but it is desirable that the air volume can be adjusted. The air circulation cylinder 7b is made of a material having an appropriate strength such as plywood or glass fiber, and preferably has a heat insulating material such as foamed plastic inside. The indoor vent 7c is made of a plastic or metal sliding or rotating openable / closable window or a louver. The top opening / closing valve 7d is, for example, a slide type or a rotary type, and a relatively lightweight material such as foamed plastic or wood is desirable.

  A method of using the air circulation device 7 according to this embodiment having the above-described configuration will be described below.

  When it is desired to capture the warm air in the underfloor ventilation layer 5a warmed by solar energy during the winter day and the cool air in the underfloor ventilation layer 5a formed by cooling by radiant cooling from the roof in the summer night Open the top on-off valve 7d and operate the blower fan 7a in the forward direction from the top to the bottom.

  In this case, since the top opening / closing valve 7d is opened, warm air or cold air in the under-floor ventilation layer 5a is forced to flow downward in the air circulation cylinder 7b by the blower fan 7a, and the floor and under-floor heat insulation. After being sent to the underfloor enclosure vent layer 13c or the underfloor space 15 formed between the floor and the interior of the room, it is passed through the outer peripheral vertical plane enclosure vent layer 13a, the roof underbody vent layer 13b, the louver provided on the floor, etc. To be blown.

  On the other hand, when it is desired to send the cold air under the floor into the room during the summer, the top opening / closing valve 7d is closed, the indoor vent 7c is opened, and the blower fan 7a is operated in the reverse direction.

  In this case, the cold air under the floor rises in the air circulation cylinder 7b by the blower fan 7a, but since the top top opening / closing valve 7d is closed, the cold air is blown into the room through the indoor vent 7c.

Third Embodiment FIG. 3A shows a third embodiment of the present invention.

  The building of this embodiment shown in FIG. 3A is an underfloor heat insulation building provided with the ventilation passage switching device 4 near the building shown in FIG. ) Is a winter night, (c) is a summer day, and (d) is a summer night. 3 to 6, in the drawings, the left side of the building is south and the right side is north. Moreover, in FIGS. 3-6, the flow of air is shown with a flow line in the figure, and the direction is taken as the direction of an arrow.

  Further, the slide valve 4a, the blower fan 7a, the indoor vent 7c, the top opening / closing valve 7d, the vent 7e, the lower opening / closing valve 7f, the top vent 8a, the exhaust of the near-ridge ventilation path switching device 4 in FIGS. The opening / closing and operating states of the fan 10a, the mechanical underfloor air supply fan 10c, the wall surface louver 11a, the floor surface louver 11b, the underfloor heat insulating surface louver 11c, and the ceiling surface louver 11d are shown in FIGS. ) In the following Table 1 (some devices and members will be described later).

  In Table 1, regarding openable / closable vents, vent valves, louvers, etc., the open state is O, the closed state is C, and the half-open state is M. Regarding the exhaust fan, air supply fan, and blower fan, the operating state and the open / closed state are F for a strongly operated state, S for a stopped and closed state, and M for a weakly operated state.

  In the building of the present embodiment, a structure 12b is assembled on a fabric foundation or a solid foundation 12a, and an outer peripheral vertical surface heat insulating material 2a, a roof under heat insulating material 2b, and an under floor heat insulating material 2c are installed on the outside thereof.

  Further, an inner wall (a so-called large wall) 9a, a ceiling or a sloped ceiling 9b and a floor 9c are provided on the indoor side of the structural body 12b so as to conceal a structural material such as a pillar or a beam. 14 is formed between the inner wall and the heat insulating material (consisting of the outer peripheral vertical surface heat insulating material 2a, the roof under heat insulating material 2b, and the bottom floor heat insulating material 2c of the lowermost floor). The inner casing ventilation layer 13a, the lower roof casing ventilation layer 13b, and the under floor casing ventilation layer 13c) are formed. The enclosure ventilation device 13 is connected to the near-building ventilation path switching device 4.

  The inside ventilation layer 13 is appropriately connected to the indoor space 14 using the wall surface louver 11a, the floor surface louver 11b, the ceiling surface louver 11d, and the like. Moreover, the exhaust fan 10a for ventilating between the indoor space 14 and the outdoors is appropriately installed.

  Furthermore, an underfloor air supply port 10b for ventilating the underfloor space 15 and the outside is provided as appropriate. A mechanical underfloor air supply fan 10c for assisting the function of the exhaust fan 10a may be attached to the underfloor air supply port 10b depending on the size, shape, location, etc. of the building. The mechanical underfloor air supply fan 10c is configured to be openable and closable.

  The exhaust fan 10a may be provided for each individual room, or may be of a type that exhausts each room by connecting a duct to a single blower.

  Further, in this embodiment, the underfloor heat insulating material surface gallery 11c that connects the underfloor space 15 and the underfloor interior ventilation layer 13c, and the top portion that connects the underfloor interior ventilation layer 13b, the indoor space 14, and the attic space 16 at the top of the building, respectively. Although the air from the eave direction flows to the uppermost part on the south side (left side in the figure) of the vent hole 8a and the roof underbody ventilation layer 13b, a check valve 8b for preventing the inflow of air from the ridge direction is provided. However, the top vent 8a is closed during winter daytime.

  In FIG. 6B, which will be described later from FIG. 3A, the outer wall material, the outer ventilation layer, and the lower vent of the outer ventilation layer when there is an outer ventilation layer provided between the heat insulating material and the outer wall material on the outer peripheral vertical surface In addition, the outer wall material in the case where there is no outer ventilation layer provided between the heat insulating material and the outer wall material on the outer peripheral vertical surface is omitted for simplification of the drawing.

  In the building of this embodiment described above, the use method of the near-airway airway switching device 4, the indoor exhaust fan 10a, the top vent 8a, etc. is shown in FIG. 3A (a) in the winter day, (b) in the winter night, The summer day shown in (c) and the summer night shown in (d) will be described below.

  In the winter daytime (daytime) shown in FIG. 3A (a), when the solar energy irradiated on the roof surface is to be used, the slide valve 4a of the near-building airway switching device 4 is pushed up to close the flow path 4c. Then, the air vent layer 13a such as the outer peripheral vertical surface air vent layer 13a and the under floor housing air vent layer 13c through the north roof under air vent layer 5a from the under roof air vent layer 5a, the floor surface gall 11a, and the wall surface gall 11a. -The flow path which leads to the indoor space 14 and the hut space 16 through the ceiling surface gall 11d is secured.

  Then, by operating the indoor exhaust fan 10a, the inside of the indoor space 14 is set to a negative pressure, and the warm air formed in the underfloor ventilation layer 5a passes through the ventilation path secured as described above, and the inside of the indoor space 14 and the attic space 16 And finally discharged to the outside from the exhaust fan 10a. At this time, the underfloor heat insulating material surface gallery 11c is closed in order to ensure the flow of air in the inside ventilation layer 13. The underfloor air supply port 10b may be left open, but if moisture-proofing from the ground is taken and there is no risk of condensation in the underfloor space 15, it is more effective to use geothermal heat. Is possible.

  In the winter night shown in FIG. 3A (b), the difference from the state shown in FIG. 3A (a) is that the under-floor heat insulating surface gall 11c is opened, and the settings of the other parts remain the same as the settings of the winter day. Keep it. Then, air is taken into the room from the underfloor space 15 through the open floor louver 11b and the underfloor heat insulating surface louver 11c with respect to the indoor space 14 that has become negative pressure by operating the indoor exhaust fan 10a. Secure. This avoids the intake of outside air from the under-air ventilation layer 5a that is cooled by radiation cooling. In addition, in the case of the building provided with the mechanical underfloor air supply fan 10c, the indoor exhaust fan 10a can also be assisted by operating this.

  During summer daytime (daytime) shown in FIG. 3A (c), the slide valve 4a of the near-building air passage switching device 4 is lowered to secure the flow passage 4c, while the top air vent 8a and the underfloor insulation surface gall 11c are provided. Open. As a result, air passages extending from the underfloor space 15 through the enclosure vent layer 13 and the indoor space 14 and the hut space 16 to the building vent 5c are formed, and the interior of the building is ventilated by the chimney effect. Fifteen cold air is introduced into the indoor space 14.

  At this time, the indoor exhaust fan 10a is operated as an auxiliary for taking in cold air under the floor due to the chimney effect into the room, but may be stopped when the cold air intake due to the chimney effect is sufficient. Moreover, in the case of the building provided with the mechanical underfloor air supply fan 10c, the ventilation effect can be enhanced by operating this building.

  In the summer night shown in FIG. 3A (d), the difference from the state shown in FIG. 3A (c) is that the underfloor heat insulating material surface gallery 11c is basically closed. In this case, since the top ventilation opening 8a is opened, the under-floor ventilation layer 5a is opened to the indoor space 14 and the cabin space 16. When the indoor exhaust fan 10a is operated in this state, the indoor space 14 becomes negative pressure, so that the air in the underfloor ventilation layer 5a cooled by radiation cooling is introduced into the indoor space 14.

  At this time, the underfloor heat insulating material surface gallery 11c is basically closed. However, when the temperature of the underfloor space 15 is lower than the temperature of the underfloor ventilation layer 5a, the underfloor heat insulating material surface gallery 11c is opened. You can leave it. In other words, whether to use more air in the underfloor ventilation layer 5a cooled by radiant cooling or more underfloor air cooled using geothermal heat depends on the thermal environment depending on the shape and location of each building. However, in the building of the present invention, the optimum condition can be obtained by adjusting the ventilation amount of mechanical ventilation and the opening / closing state of the louver.

Fourth Embodiment FIG. 3B shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

  The building of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 3B is a basic heat insulating building provided with the near-building air passage switching device 4 shown in FIG. 1 and the enclosure ventilation layer 13, wherein (a) is a daytime in winter, (b ) Is a winter night, (c) is a summer day, and (d) is a summer night.

  The building of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 3B has a basic heat insulation structure, and therefore, the floor insulation structure 2c and the underfloor insulation material surface louver 11c are different from the building of the floor insulation structure shown in FIG. Has reached the foundation rising portion of the fabric foundation or the solid foundation 12a, and the other structure is the same as the underfloor insulation building shown in FIG. 3A. The air passage switching device 4 near the ridge is similar to FIG. 3A in that the slide valve 4a is closed during the winter and the slide valve 4a is opened during the summer. The same applies to the embodiment shown in FIG.

  In the basic heat insulation building of this embodiment, warm air discharged under the floor during the winter day is stored in the basic concrete 12a surrounded by the outer peripheral vertical surface heat insulating material 2a and released at night, and the underfloor space 15 Since it is shielded from the outside air, there is an advantage that the air in the underfloor space 15 that is cooler than the floor insulation building can be used in summer.

  3B (a) shows the usage of the near-airway airway switching device 4, the indoor exhaust fan 10a, the top vent 8a, etc. in the building of this embodiment described above, and the winter night shown in FIG. 3B. The summer day shown in (c) and the summer night shown in (d) will be described below.

  If you want to use the solar energy applied to the roof during the winter day shown in Fig. 3B (a), it is basically the same as the winter day setting of the underfloor insulation building shown in Fig. 3A (a). The underfloor air inlet 10b is closed instead of the lost underfloor heat insulating material 2c and the underfloor heat insulating surface gall 11c, the mechanical underfloor air supply fan 10c is closed, and the outside air flows into the underfloor space 15 from this portion. Prevent inflow.

  In this case, the warm air of the underfloor ventilation layer 5a heated by solar radiation is introduced into the underfloor space 15 through the north roof underbody ventilation layer 13b and the outer peripheral vertical plane ventilation layer 13a, and is warmer than the underfloor outside air. Since it is introduced into the indoor space 14 after being mixed, it is not mixed with the cold winter outside air.

  The setting of the winter night shown in FIG. 3B (b) is basically the same as the setting of the winter night of the underfloor insulation construction method building shown in FIG. 3A (b), but the underfloor insulation 2c and the underfloor insulation surface gall are lost. Instead of 11c, the underfloor air supply port 10b is opened, or the mechanical underfloor air supply fan 10c is operated.

  This reduces the intake of air from the under-floor ventilation layer 5a under the roof surface where radiation cooling occurs, and introduces the outside air into the indoor space once introduced under the floor and heated using geothermal heat. And use natural energy effectively. In order to eliminate the intake of air from the underfloor ventilation layer 5a under the roof surface, the amount of air introduced from under the floor varies depending on the shape of the building, but is commensurate with the exhaust amount of the indoor exhaust fan 10a. If only the supply air is supplied by the mechanical underfloor air supply fan 10c, the intake of cold air from the underfloor ventilation layer 5a under the roof surface is theoretically eliminated.

  The setting of summer daytime shown in FIG. 3B (c) is basically the same as the setting of summer daytime of the underfloor heat insulation building shown in FIG. 3A (c), but the underfloor heat insulation material 2c and the underfloor heat insulation surface gall 11c are lost. Instead, the underfloor air supply port 10b is opened, or the mechanical underfloor air supply fan 10c is operated weakly.

  Thereby, natural energy is effectively utilized by introducing outside air into the underfloor space 15 and introducing air cooled by using geothermal heat into the indoor space 14 by a chimney effect or mechanical ventilation.

  The setting for the summer night shown in FIG. 3B (d) is basically the same as the setting for the summer night of the underfloor insulation building shown in FIG. 3A (d), but the underfloor insulation 2c and the underfloor insulation surface gall 11c are lost. Instead, the underfloor air inlet 10b is opened, or the mechanical underfloor air fan 10c is operated weakly, the outside air is once introduced into the underfloor space 15, and the cooled air using geothermal heat is introduced into the indoor space. At the same time, the indoor exhaust fan 10a is operated to create a negative pressure in the room, thereby introducing the air in the underfloor ventilation layer 5 cooled by radiation cooling into the room.

  At this time, whether to use more air in the underfloor ventilation layer 5a cooled by radiation cooling or more air in the underfloor space 15 cooled by using geothermal heat depends on the shape and location conditions of each building. Although it depends on the thermal environment, the optimum condition can be obtained in the building of the present invention by adjusting the ventilation amount of mechanical ventilation and the opening / closing state of the louver.

Fifth Embodiment FIG. 4A shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

  The building of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 4A is an underfloor heat insulation building including the near-building air passage switching device 4 shown in FIG. 1 and the air circulation device 7 shown in FIG. (a) shows the usage in winter daytime, (b) in winter night, (c) in summer daytime, and (d) in summer nighttime.

  4A, the underfloor heat insulation building of the present embodiment has a housing ventilation layer 13 similar to FIG. 3A, and an air circulation cylinder 7b constituting the air circulation device 7 shown in FIG. 2 penetrates the underfloor heat insulation 2c. In addition to reaching the underfloor space 15, it is arranged in the vertical direction to penetrate the top vent 8 a and reach the topmost part of the building ventilation layer 13 on the ridge side.

  In this embodiment, a vent hole 7e connected to the underfloor internal ventilation layer vent layer 13c is formed on the peripheral wall of the air circulation cylinder 7b, and the underfloor space 15 and the air are formed in the air circulation cylinder 7b below the vent hole 7e. A lower on-off valve 7f that can interrupt the connection of the circulation device 7 is attached.

  Further, an uppermost vent layer portion 8d including the upper portion vent hole 8a is formed by being partitioned by a closing member 8c at the uppermost portion of the inner vent layer 13, and the uppermost vent layer portion 8d in the inner vent layer 13 is formed of the casing. It exists as a structure partitioned off from other air-permeable layer portions of the inner air-permeable layer 13. In addition, this topmost ventilation layer part 8d and the under roof ventilation layer 5a are connected. The above is the characteristic configuration of this embodiment, and the other configurations are the same as those of the underfloor heat insulating building shown in FIG. 3A.

  The method of using the building of this embodiment described above is shown for the winter day shown in FIG. 3A (a), the winter night shown in (b), the summer day shown in (c), and the summer night shown in (d). This will be described below.

  In the winter day shown in FIG. 4A (a), when it is desired to use solar energy irradiated on the roof surface, the top opening / closing valve 7d of the air circulation device 7 is opened, the lower opening / closing valve 7f is closed, the indoor vent 7c and The blower fan 7a is operated in the forward direction from top to bottom with the vent 7e connected to the underfloor enclosure vent layer 13c opened.

  Due to the operation of the air circulation device 7, the warm air in the underfloor ventilation layer 5 a heated by solar energy is discharged to the underfloor housing ventilation layer 13 c, and then gushed to the indoor space 14 through other portions of the enclosure ventilation layer 13. It introduces from 11a and 11b. At this time, the underfloor heat insulating material surface gallery 11c is closed.

  By operating the air circulation device 7 with this setting, the warm air gathered at a high position in the building taken from the indoor vent 7c of the air circulation device 7 is also carried under the floor at the same time, eliminating the temperature difference inside the building. There are also benefits.

  Further, the opening degree of the top opening / closing valve 7d and the indoor vent 7c of the air circulation device 7 depends on how much of the warm air accumulated in the upper part of the under-air ventilation layer 5a or the indoor space 14 is to be moved below the floor. In addition, it shall be adjusted appropriately taking into account the shape and location of the building.

  Since the building according to the present embodiment can carry the warm air in the underfloor ventilation layer 5a to the lower part of the building more efficiently by operating the air circulation device 7, it does not have the air circulation device 7, It is more advantageous in using natural energy than a building of the type shown in FIG. 3 in which air is circulated only by the ventilation layer 13.

  On the winter night shown in FIG. 4A (b), the top on-off valve 7d and the lower on-off valve 7f of the air circulation device 7 are closed, and the air vent connected to the indoor vent 7c and the underfloor interior vent layer 13c of the air circulation device 7. 7b is opened and the blower fan 7a is operated in the forward direction from top to bottom.

  Thereby, the warm air gathered at a high position in the indoor space 14 is carried under the floor, and the cold air of the under-floor ventilation layer 5a cooled by radiation cooling of the roof surface is taken in while eliminating the temperature difference inside the building. To avoid.

  Further, in the present embodiment, similarly to the winter night shown in FIG. 3A (b), the underfloor air inlet 10b and the floor surface gallery 11b are applied to the indoor space 14 that has become negative pressure by operating the indoor exhaust fan 10a. And by opening the underfloor heat insulating material surface louver 11c, it is possible to introduce relatively warm underfloor air heated by geothermal heat into the indoor space 14.

  In addition, in the case of the building provided with the mechanical underfloor air supply fan 10c, it is also possible to assist the indoor exhaust fan 10a by operating this. In the building of the present embodiment, by closing the top opening / closing valve 7d of the air circulation device 7, the outside air from the underfloor ventilation layer 5a cooled by radiation cooling is taken into the indoor space 14 via the air circulation device 7. Can be completely avoided. For this reason, it is more advantageous in utilizing natural energy than a building of the type shown in FIG. 3 that does not have the air circulation device 7 and circulates air only by the internal ventilation layer 13.

  In the summer daytime shown in FIG. 4A (c), the top on-off valve 7d of the air circulation device 7 is closed, the lower on-off valve 7f is opened, the indoor vent 7c is opened, and the vent 7e connected to the underfloor interior vent layer 13c is opened. In the closed state, the blower fan 7a is operated in the reverse direction from the bottom to the top.

  As a result, the air in the underfloor space 15 that is cooler than the outside air is discharged from the indoor vent 7c of the air circulation device 7 to a higher position in the indoor space 14 to cool the indoor space 14, and the top vent 8a, the wall surface gallery 11a, and the floor By opening the surface louver 11b, a vent layer connected from the under floor to the building vent 5c is formed and introduced into the cold air room under the floor due to the chimney effect.

  In a building where sufficient ventilation can be expected due to the chimney effect, the exhaust fan 10a may be weakly operated or stopped in order to reduce waste of energy resources although it is weak.

  The building of the present embodiment includes the air circulation device 7 that can carry cold and heavy air under the floor to the upper part of the interior space of the building. It is more advantageous in using natural energy than a building of the type shown in FIG.

  On the summer night shown in FIG. 4A (d), the top on-off valve 7d of the air circulation device 7 is closed, the lower on-off valve 7f is opened, the indoor vent 7c is opened, and the vent 7e connected to the underfloor enclosure vent layer 13c. With the closed, the blower fan 7a is operated in the reverse direction from the bottom to the top.

  Thereby, the air in the underfloor space 15 that is cooler than the outside air is discharged from the indoor vent 7c of the air circulation device 7 to a higher position in the indoor space 14, and the indoor space 14 is cooled.

  At this time, the top vent 8a is opened (open in the summer), the floor louver 11b is semi-closed or closed, and the exhaust fan 10a is operated so that the underfloor space 15 cooler than the outside air and the roof surface The air in the underfloor ventilation layer 5a cooled by the radiant cooling is introduced into the indoor space 14 through the top vent 8a, the floor surface gallery 11b, and the underfloor heat insulating surface gallery 11c. Whether to use more air in the underfloor ventilation layer 5a cooled by radiant cooling or more underfloor air cooled using geothermal heat depends on the thermal environment depending on the shape and location of each building. However, in the building of the present embodiment, the optimum condition can be obtained by adjusting the ventilation amount of mechanical ventilation and the opening / closing state of the louver.

Sixth Embodiment FIG. 4B shows a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

  The building of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 4B is a basic heat insulating building including the near-building air passage switching device 4 shown in FIG. 1 and the air circulation device 7 shown in FIG. (a) shows the usage in winter daytime, (b) in winter night, (c) in summer daytime, and (d) in summer nighttime. In the present embodiment, the air circulation device 7 has a configuration as shown in FIG. 2 and is not provided with a vent 7e connected to the lower on-off valve 7f and the underfloor interior vent layer 13c.

  4B, the basic heat insulation building of the present embodiment has the same interior ventilation layer 13 as FIG. 3B, and the air circulation cylinder 7b constituting the air circulation device 7 shown in FIG. While reaching the space 15, it is arranged in the vertical direction so as to pass through the top vent 8 a and reach the topmost part of the building vent layer 13 on the ridge side.

  The building of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 4B has the same basic heat insulating structure as FIG. 3B, and therefore there is no underfloor heat insulating material 2c and underfloor heat insulating material surface gallery 11c, and the outer peripheral vertical surface heat insulating material 2a reaches the foundation rising portion. It is coming. Therefore, the building of the present embodiment has an advantage that the configuration is simpler than the building of the underfloor heat insulation method shown in FIG. 4A. In addition, the warm air released under the floor during the winter day is stored in the foundation concrete surrounded by the heat insulating material and released at night, and the underfloor space 15 is shielded from the outside air. There is an advantage that the air in the underfloor space 15 that is cooler than the building can be used in summer.

  Further, in the building of the present embodiment, the topmost ventilation layer 8d including the top ventilation hole 8a is partitioned by the closing member 8c at the topmost portion of the ventilation layer 13 in the housing, similarly to the building of FIG. 4A. In the housing air-permeable layer 13, the topmost air-permeable layer portion 8 d is partitioned from the other air-permeable layer portions of the housing air-permeable layer 13. The topmost ventilation layer portion 8d and the under roof ventilation layer 5a are connected. The above is the characteristic configuration of the present embodiment, and the other configurations are the same as those of the basic heat insulation building shown in FIG. 3B.

  The method of using the building of this embodiment described above is shown for the winter day shown in FIG. 4B (a), the winter night shown in (b), the summer day shown in (c), and the summer night shown in (d). This will be described below.

  In the winter day shown in FIG. 4B (a), when it is desired to use solar energy irradiated on the roof surface, the blower fan 7a is opened with the top opening / closing valve 7d and the indoor vent 7c of the air circulation device 7 open. Is operated in the forward direction from top to bottom to release the warm air in the underfloor ventilation layer 5a heated by solar energy into the underfloor space 15 and introduce it into the indoor space 14 from the floor surface gall 11b. Is stored in the basic concrete 12a. At this time, the underfloor air supply port 10b or the mechanical underfloor air supply fan 10c is closed to prevent warm air from flowing out to the outside.

  In this setting, by operating the air circulation device 7, the warm air gathered at a high position in the building taken in from the indoor vent 7c of the air circulation device 7 is also carried under the floor at the same time. There is also an advantage that is eliminated. Moreover, the warm air discharged | emitted under the floor from the lowermost part of the air circulation apparatus 7 has the effect | action which warms a room | chamber interior by storing heat | fever in the soil concrete and solid foundation slab concrete partly under the floor, and releasing at night.

  Furthermore, the building of the present embodiment has a corresponding air circulation device 7 because the warm air in the underfloor ventilation layer 5a can be more efficiently conveyed to the lower part of the building by operating the air circulation device 7. It is more advantageous in using natural energy than the building shown in FIG.

  On the winter night shown in FIG. 4B (b), the top opening / closing valve 7d of the air circulation device 7 is closed, the indoor vent 7c of the air circulation device 7 is opened, and the blower fan 7a is moved in the forward direction from top to bottom. By operating the warm air gathered at a high position in the indoor space 14 under the floor, the cold air of the underfloor ventilation layer 5a cooled by radiation cooling of the roof surface is taken in while eliminating the temperature difference inside the building. To avoid. Further, similarly to the winter night shown in FIG. 3B (b), the floor surface gall 11b is opened and the air is taken into the room from under the floor in the indoor space that has become negative pressure by operating the indoor exhaust fan 10a. By ensuring the above, it is possible to introduce relatively warm underfloor air into the indoor space 14 through the floor surface 11b.

  In addition, in the case of the building provided with the mechanical underfloor air supply fan 10c, it is also possible to assist the indoor exhaust fan 10a by operating this.

  Since the building of the present embodiment can completely avoid the intake of outside air from the underfloor ventilation layer 5a that is cooled by radiation cooling by blocking the top opening / closing valve 7d associated with the air circulation device 7, the air circulation 3A and 3B in which the air circulates only through the inside ventilation layer 13 that does not have the device 7, it is advantageous in terms of utilization of natural energy.

  4B (c), the top opening / closing valve 7d of the air circulation device 7 is closed and the air vent 7c of the air circulation device 7 is opened, and the blower fan 7a is reversed from bottom to top. Operate in direction.

  Thus, the air in the underfloor space 15 that is cooler than the outside air is discharged to a higher position in the indoor space 14 by the air circulation device 7 to cool the indoor space 14.

  Further, by opening the top vent 8a, the wall louver 11a, and the floor louver 11b, a vent layer connected from the under floor to the building vent 5c is formed, and cold air under the floor is introduced into the room by a chimney effect.

  Further, in a building where sufficient ventilation can be expected due to the chimney effect, the exhaust fan 10a may be weakly operated or stopped in order to reduce waste of energy resources although it is weak.

  Since the building of the present embodiment includes the air circulation device 7 that can carry cold and heavy air under the floor to the upper part of the interior space of the building, the air circulation device 7 is not provided and the corresponding building is shown in FIG. 3B (c). It is more advantageous in using natural energy than buildings.

  In the summer night shown in FIG. 4B (d), the top opening / closing valve 7d of the air circulation device 7 is closed, the indoor vent 7c of the air circulation device 7 is opened, and the blower fan 7a is reversed from bottom to top. Operate in direction.

  Thus, the air in the underfloor space 15 that is cooler than the outside air is discharged from the air circulation device 7 to a higher position in the indoor space 14 to cool the indoor space 14.

  Further, by operating the exhaust fan 10a with the top vent 8a opened and the floor louver 11b opened, the underfloor space 15 that is cooler than the outside air and the underfloor vent layer 5a that is cooled by radiation cooling of the roof surface. Are introduced into the indoor space 14 through the top vent 8a and the floor louver 11b, respectively.

  Whether to use more air in the underfloor ventilation layer 5a cooled by radiant cooling or more underfloor air cooled using geothermal heat depends on the thermal environment depending on the shape and location of each building. However, in the building of the present invention, the optimum condition can be obtained by adjusting the ventilation amount of mechanical ventilation and the opening / closing state of the louver.

Seventh Embodiment FIG. 5A shows a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

  In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the inner wall is provided so as to form the housing ventilation layer 13 on the indoor side of the structure 12b. However, in this embodiment, the structure 12b such as a column / beam is exposed. It is an underfloor heat insulation building.

  The basic structure of the underfloor heat insulation building of this embodiment is, for example, that there is no inner wall (so-called large wall) 9a, ceiling or sloped ceiling 9b, wall surface gallery 11a, etc. constructed so as to hide the structural material shown in FIG. Except that both ends in the north-south direction of the mouth 8a are installed in contact with the sloped surface under the roof, the configuration is the same as the structure of the underfloor heat insulation building by the large wall method shown in FIG. 4A.

  In addition, the settings relating to the use of natural energy and the ventilation / ventilation inside the building are the same as those of the large wall construction building shown in FIGS. 4A (a) -4A (d).

  However, in this embodiment, since there is no inner wall (so-called large wall) 9a, ceiling or sloped ceiling 9b, wall surface gallery 11a, etc. constructed so as to hide the structural material, the structural material is exposed and there is no risk of condensation. Therefore, it is possible to expect a longer life of the house.

Eighth Embodiment FIG. 5B shows an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

  The building of the present embodiment is a basic heat insulating building that reveals a structure 12b such as a pillar or a beam.

  The basic thermal insulation building of the present embodiment has no basic structure such as an inner wall (so-called large wall) 9a constructed so as to conceal the structural material 12b, a ceiling or sloped ceiling 9b, a wall surface gallery 11a, etc., and a top vent 8a. Except that both ends in the north-south direction are installed in contact with the sloped surface below the roof, it is the same as the structure of the underfloor heat insulation building by the large wall construction method shown in FIG. 4B.

  In addition, the settings relating to the use of natural energy and the ventilation / ventilation inside the building are the same as those of the large wall construction building shown in FIGS. 4B (a) -4B (d).

  However, in this embodiment, since there is no inner wall (so-called large wall) 9a, ceiling or sloped ceiling 9b, wall surface gallery 11a, etc. constructed in a manner concealing the structural material 12b, the structural material 12b is exposed and there is no risk of condensation. For this reason, it is possible to expect a longer life of the house.

  In addition, the building of this example is superior in that it can effectively use geothermal heat in summer and winter than the corresponding building shown in FIG.

Ninth Embodiment FIG. 6A shows a ninth embodiment of the present invention.

  The building according to the present embodiment is a building having a basic heat insulation structure and a structure in which structures such as columns and beams are revealed.

The basic structure of the building of this example is the thickness of the heat insulating material that satisfies the next-generation energy saving standard when installing a sloped surface insulating material under the roof (in the Housing Finance Corporation Next-Generation Energy Saving Standard, the region II-V defined by the same standard) In addition, heat insulation equivalent to about half the thickness of 90 mm (even if high-performance insulation is used) is installed separately on the sloped surface below the roof and the ceiling on the top floor, and the top ventilation Except that the opening 8a is installed on the heat insulating surface installed on the ceiling so as to connect the indoor space 14 and the cabin space 16, the basic heat insulating structure shown in FIG. The wardrobe building has the same configuration as that of the building where the roof under heat insulating material 2b is installed only on the slope surface under the roof above the eaves of the building. (In addition, depending on the shape of the roof, such as a cutting wall, heat insulating material is also applied to the vertical surface of the outer periphery of the hut behind the eaves of the building.)
Further, the settings relating to the use of natural energy and the ventilation / ventilation inside the building are the same as those shown in FIGS. 5B (a) -5B (d).

  Further, in this embodiment, since there is no inner wall (so-called large wall) 9a, ceiling or sloped ceiling 9b, and wall surface glazing 11a constructed so as to hide the structural material 12b, the structural material 12b is exposed and there is no risk of condensation. For this reason, it is possible to expect a longer life of the house.

  Further, a roof under heat insulating material 2b and a ceiling heat insulating material 2d are respectively installed on the sloped surface of the roof and the ceiling of the uppermost floor, and the air in the cabin space 16 surrounded by these heat insulating materials 2a and 2d is further heat insulating layer. Therefore, a further heat insulation effect can be expected.

  This embodiment is the most efficient use of natural energy than the previous embodiments, and can extend the life of the building. In the case of this structure, although not shown in the drawing, in order to more efficiently guide the warm air formed in the underfloor ventilation layer 5a to the underfloor space 15, the upper part of the air circulation device 7 and the near-building airway switching device 4 may be connected through a duct.

Tenth Embodiment FIG. 6B shows a tenth embodiment of the present invention.

  The building of the present embodiment has a basic heat insulating structure and a large-wall construction method and has a ventilation layer 13 in the housing.

  The basic structure of the building according to the present embodiment is that there are an inner wall (so-called large wall) 9a and a wall surface gallery 11a constructed so as to conceal the structural material 12a, and the inside ventilation layer 13 formed by these. 6A is a building having a basic heat insulating structure that reveals a structure such as a column and a beam shown in FIG. 6A, and the top vent 8a installed on the sloped surface below the roof and the ceiling surface of the uppermost floor is connected to the indoor space 14 and the cabin. It is the same as what was installed so that the back space 16 might be connected.

  Further, the settings relating to the use of natural energy and the ventilation / ventilation inside the building are the same as those of the building shown in FIGS. 6A (a) -6A (d).

  However, since there is an inner wall (so-called large wall) 9a, a ceiling or a sloped ceiling 9b, a wall surface gallery 11a, etc. constructed so as to conceal the structural material 12a, the structural material 12a is not exposed. Although secured, there is a concern that some condensation may occur compared to the building shown in FIG. 6A.

  However, the building of the present embodiment can use natural energy most efficiently as in the building shown in FIGS. 6A (a) -6A (d) and is a large wall construction method. Since it is no longer necessary to use beautiful items, construction costs are expected to be reduced.

  Even in the case of this structure, although not shown in the drawing, in order to guide the warm air formed in the under-floor ventilation layer 5a to the under-floor space 15 more efficiently, the air circulation device 7 and the vicinity of the building are ventilated. It is also possible to connect the path switching device 4 via a duct.

  In each of the embodiments described above, the building configuration of the basic heat insulation structure shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B may be applied to the building configuration of the floor heat insulation structure shown in FIGS. 5A and 4A, respectively.

  Further, in the buildings shown in the above embodiments, as roofing materials, for example, tiles, slate, metal steel plates, solar power generation modules, etc., and as outer wall materials, for example, mortar, siding, metal steel plates, etc. Materials other than the foundation include foamed plastics such as foamed styrene and foamed phenol, foam rising glass in addition to foamed plastics for the base riser, and interior materials such as gypsum board And wood are used.

1 shows a near-building air passage switching device according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a cross-sectional view of a plane perpendicular to the line connecting the eaves and the wing, and (b) is a near-building air passage switching device of (a) Figure viewed from the eaves side. The schematic of the air circulation apparatus which shows 2nd Example of this invention. In the schematic diagram of the building which shows the 3rd example of the present invention, (a)-(d) shows the use situation corresponding to winter daytime, winter night, summer daytime, and summer night, respectively. In the schematic diagram of the building which shows the 4th example of the present invention, (a)-(d) shows the use situation corresponding to winter daytime, winter night, summer daytime, and summer night, respectively. In the schematic of the building which shows 5th Example of this invention, (a)-(d) shows the use condition corresponding to winter daytime, winter night, summer daytime, and summer night, respectively. In the schematic diagram of the building which shows the 6th example of the present invention, (a)-(d) shows the use situation corresponding to winter daytime, winter night, summer daytime, and summer night, respectively. In the schematic of the building which shows the 7th example of the present invention, (a)-(d) shows the use situation corresponding to winter daytime, winter night, summer daytime, and summer night, respectively. In the schematic diagram of the building which shows the 8th example of the present invention, (a)-(d) shows the use situation corresponding to winter daytime, winter night, summer daytime, and summer night, respectively. In the schematic of the building which shows the 9th Example of this invention, (a)-(d) shows the use condition corresponding to winter daytime, winter night, summer daytime, and summer night, respectively. In the schematic diagram of the building which shows the 10th example of the present invention, (a)-(d) shows the use situation corresponding to winter noon, winter night, summer day, and summer night, respectively.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1a First layer base plate 1b Second layer field base plate 2a Outer peripheral vertical surface heat insulating material 2b Roof under heat insulating material 2c Under floor heat insulating material 2d Ceiling heat insulating material 3 Roof material 4 Near building air passage switching device 4a Slide valve 4b Slide valve support frame 4c Flow Road 5a Roof under vent 5b Eaves vent 5c Building vent 6a Single layer rafter 6b Second layer rafter 7 Air circulation device 7a Blower fan 7b Air circulation cylinder 7c Indoor vent 7d Top open / close valve 7e Vent 7f Lower open / close valve 8a Top vent 8b Check valve 8c Top closing member 8d Top vent layer 9a Inner wall (large wall)
9b Ceiling or Gradient ceiling 9c Floor 10a Exhaust fan 10b Underfloor air supply port 10c Mechanical underfloor air supply fan 11a Wall gutter 11b Floor gutter 11c Underfloor insulation surface gutter 11d Ceiling gutter 12a Fabric foundation or solid foundation 12b structure 13 Inner ventilation layer 13a Peripheral vertical plane Housing ventilation layer 13b Roofing housing ventilation layer 13c Underfloor housing ventilation layer 14 Indoor space 15 Underfloor space 16 Hut space

Claims (6)

In an energy-saving building using the under-floor ventilation method that connects the vents provided at the eaves and the ridge with the under-floor air passage formed under the roof material,
In the vicinity of the building, connect the under-air ventilation path and the attic (if the top floor has a ceiling) or the interior (if the top floor is a sloped ceiling) space, and introduce the air flowing from the eaves into the attic or indoor space An air flow path switching device that enables switching between an air flow path that enables the air flow path that enables the air flow path that allows the air from the back of the shed or the indoor space to be discharged from the wing vent;
Installed inside a building with enhanced heat insulation and airtightness, near the top of the building internal space directly below the airway switching device near the building, and under floor space in the case of the basic heat insulation method, floor material in the case of the under floor heat insulation method And the space formed between the heat insulating materials installed in the lower part of the flooring, and the upper and lower ends are respectively near the top of the space and between the flooring and the heat insulating material installed in the lower part of the flooring. A cylindrical air circulation cylinder that is open to the formed space, a blower that can selectively form an air flow in the air circulation cylinder from top to bottom and from bottom to top, and close to the top. A top opening / closing valve that regulates and shuts off the air flow by vertically dividing the interior of the air circulation cylinder at a position, and an indoor ventilation that is provided below the top opening / closing valve so as to open and close the inside and outside of the air circulation cylinder An air flow device having a mouth;
Among them, an energy-saving building characterized in that at least a ventilation switching device in the vicinity of the building is installed.   Adopting the underfloor insulation method, concealing the insulation material constructed on the outer peripheral vertical surface excluding the foundation part, the top floor ceiling surface or roof bottom slope surface, the bottom floor surface of the bottom floor, and structural materials such as columns and beams The air circulation device is installed in the interior air-permeable layer which is a space formed between the wall material, the ceiling material or the sloped ceiling material and the floor material on the outer periphery of the indoor side which is constructed in If not, the enclosure ventilation layer is connected to the building vent, and if the air flow device is installed, the ventilation passage near the building is located near the top of the enclosure ventilation layer from the enclosure ventilation layer. The air flow path in the direction of the switching device is blocked, and a ventilation means such as a louver is appropriately arranged and connected between the internal ventilation layer and the indoor space. Energy saving building.   Adopting the basic heat insulation method, heat insulating material installed on the outer peripheral vertical surface including the foundation rising part, the ceiling surface of the top floor or the sloped surface under the roof, and the wall material, ceiling material or gradient ceiling material on the back of the shed or indoor space The internal ventilation layer is a space formed between and communicated with each other, and when the air circulation device is not installed, the internal ventilation layer is connected to the building vent and the air circulation device is installed. If this is the case, the air flow path from the enclosure ventilation layer to the vicinity of the building ventilation passage switching device is blocked near the top of the enclosure ventilation layer, and the enclosure ventilation layer, the underfloor space, and the 2. The energy-saving building according to claim 1, wherein ventilation means such as louvers are appropriately arranged and connected to the indoor space.   Flow of air inside the building by providing the air circulation device of the building shown in claim 2 or claim 3 and constructing it with a structure revealing a structure such as a pillar / beam on the indoor side An energy-saving building characterized by enhanced performance.   The heat-saving building according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a heat insulating material is installed on the sloped surface below the roof and the ceiling surface of the top floor of the building.   The building according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the air circulation device is installed, and the upper end of the air circulation tube of the air circulation device is air-flowed from the under roof air passage to the shed or indoor space. An energy-saving building characterized by being directly connected to the air passage that leads to.

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