JP2003328460A - Construction method for ventilation of dwelling - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To form a ventilation layer which brings the inside of a building frame into a wholly communicating state. <P>SOLUTION: A construction method for outside insulation is used as a heat insulating method for a building; a floor panel 10 is formed on the lateral side of the backside of structural plywood of prescribed standard dimensions; in the floor panel 10, short groove-shaped slit grooves 15, which are cut from an edge at a prescribed depth, are juxtaposed at intervals in symmetrical positions on both long sides and both short sides; a sub-floor on each floor is constructed from the floor panel 10 by using a no-floor-joist construction method; an underfloor space and a downstair space are made to communicate with the inside of a wall body via the slit groove 15 which is arranged over the peripheral edge of the floor surface on each floor; an air duct lying astride a horizontal member is formed of the slit groove 15 whose header surface is made to abut on the horizontal member so that mutual opening positions can correspond to each other; and a small hole 17, which communicates with the slit groove 15, is provided in a state of being opened from a surface, at an edge part on which the floor panel 10 abuts, in a position of a partition wall for partitioning respective rooms. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a construction method in which a building body tends to be hermetically sealed due to changes in the way a house is built. The present invention relates to a ventilation method for a house, which is constructed so as to ventilate the entire building body.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, in the construction of wooden houses, structural plywood is often used in wall structures and floor structures in order to rationalize construction methods and improve earthquake resistance. In floor construction, the conventional joisting method is omitted, which is called the Nederless method, and thick plywood is laid directly on the horizontal materials such as foundations, Daihiki and floor beams, and flooring, carpets, tatami mats, etc. The floor finishing construction of the
It has increased. As such a floor base material, a floor panel formed of a structural plywood having a predetermined thickness of 3 × 6, 1 m × 2 m, etc. is generally used.

On the other hand, as a heat insulating method for a building, an inner heat insulating method for mainly filling a fiber type heat insulating material between the structural columns and a foamed heat insulating material mainly formed in a plate shape on the outer side of the structural column are used. There is an external heat insulation construction method in which the roof is heat-insulated. In the external heat insulation construction method, a roof heat insulation construction in which a heat insulating material is faced outside the roof rafter is also performed.
In addition, an underfloor ventilation port is provided in the outer foundation of the building to ventilate the underfloor space, but this does not ensure complete ventilation due to the accumulation of air containing heat and humidity. Means of performing ventilation are also used.

[0004]

In this way, a house in which a large amount of structural plywood or heat insulating material is used has the following properties: strength, airtightness,
Although the heat insulation property was improved significantly, the structure inside the building was likely to become a sealed type, and the structure was such that hot air and moisture stayed inside the building structure. For this reason, dew condensation is likely to occur and the life of structures such as columns and beams is greatly affected, and it cannot be said that the living environment is a comfortable living space. further,
If the floor structure is the conventional joist construction method, ventilation and ventilation can be achieved by the height of the joists, but with the Nederless construction method, the upper and lower spaces (below referred to as downstairs space) and walls between the floors and ceilings under each floor. It is completely cut off from the inside of the body and air is not distributed at all,
Air containing hot air and moisture stays in the space of the height of the horizontal member, and the air permeability inside the building body is extremely poor.

According to the present invention, a floor panel having a ventilation function is used, and a floor base for each floor is constructed by a floorless construction method.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a ventilation method in which air can be circulated in a building body by natural convection by communicating the space below each floor with the wall. In addition, the structure such as columns and beams can always be exposed to fresh air to promote the humidity control effect of trees, improve the durability of the building, and make the living environment seasonal.
The aim is to create a comfortable living space that is cool in the summer and warm in the winter.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the ventilation method for a house according to the present invention is such that a heat insulating material is applied to the outside of a pillar standing on a base and the outside of a roof rafter, and The outer insulation method was used as the heat insulation method, and short-sided ventilation slits were cut on the back side of the structural plywood of the specified standard dimensions to a specified depth from the edges, both long sides and both short sides. Floor panels that are arranged side by side at symmetrical positions are formed side by side, and the floor panels are laid directly on the horizontal members such as the foundation, Daihiki, and floor beams, and the floor base of each floor is constructed by the Nederless method. Then, in the ventilation slit groove arranged over the peripheral edge of each floor, the underfloor space, the floor space and the wall body are communicated, the foremost surface is abutted on the horizontal member, and the opening positions of both are matched. The ventilation slits form ventilation channels that straddle the horizontal members, and at the position of the partition wall that divides each room, a small hole that communicates with the ventilation slits is surfaced at the edge of the floor panel that abuts. Open from. By the construction of the floor panels described above, a ventilation layer is formed in which all the insides of the building (underfloor space, downstairs space, inside wall, inside partition wall, attic) are in communication.

By constructing the floor basement of each floor using the floor panel having a ventilation function in this way, a ventilation layer is formed in which the entire body of the building communicates with each other, and the air in the building is distributed by natural convection. Planned.

Further, by constructing an outer wall and a roof while maintaining a ventilation space on the outside of the heat insulating material and forming an outer ventilation layer which is always in communication with the outside air, fresh outside air is always kept on the outside ventilation layer outside the heat insulating material. It is distributed and the heat insulation of the building is improved. Further, in order to prevent aging deterioration and erosion of the heat insulating material due to worms, the heat insulating material is surface-covered on the inner peripheral surface of the outer foundation to provide basic heat insulation.

Further, according to the ventilation method for a house of the present invention, an open-close type top exhaust port is provided on the roof to construct a blow-through,
Provide a communication passage that connects the atrium and the back of the hut. Further, an open-close type underfloor vent is provided on the outer foundation, and a summer mode in which the underfloor vent and the top exhaust port are opened and a winter mode in which the underfloor vent and the top exhaust port are closed are provided. In this way, by opening and closing the underfloor ventilation port and the top exhaust port, the ventilation and ventilation of the air flowing inside the building body and the indoor air are controlled according to the season, and the opening fittings such as windows and doors are also combined. It can be opened and closed to create a comfortable living environment that is cool in summer and warm in winter. Furthermore, it is preferable to provide an opening / closing through hole in the partition wall that partitions each room.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
A specific description will be given with reference to the drawings. 1 to 4 show floor panels 10, 10a used in the ventilation method of the present invention. The floor panel 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a standard dimension with a dimension ratio of the long side to the short side, such as 3 × 6, 1 m × 2 m, of 2: 1 and a plate thickness of 27 mm.
A short groove-shaped ventilation slit groove 15 formed by the above-described structural plywood and having a predetermined depth from the edge is formed on the back side.
They are juxtaposed at regular intervals.

The ventilation slit grooves 15 are arranged symmetrically on both long sides and both short sides, and when the floor panel 10 is laid on the horizontal member by abutting the edge face, the abutting floor panel 10 The ventilation slit grooves 15 are arranged so that the opening positions thereof coincide with each other and communicate with each other. In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, the ventilation slit grooves 15 are arranged so that the opening positions are the same even when the floor panel 10 is laid by abutting the two short sides with the long sides, and the floor plan of the building is arranged. The floor panel 10 can be laid flexibly in the vertical and horizontal directions according to the position of a horizontal bridge (a large draw 26 shown in phantom in FIG. 3). Furthermore, along the center of the back surface of the floor panel 10, long groove-shaped (sufficiently twice the length of the ventilation slits 15) ventilation slits 16 are arranged at prescribed intervals.

The floor panel 10a shown in FIG.
It is formed of a structural plywood of half the size of 0, and on the back side as well, a short slit-like ventilation slit groove 15 is juxtaposed at the symmetrical position on the opposite side.

The ventilating method for a house according to the present invention is a floor panel 1 in the form of a rectangular plate formed by these standard-sized structural plywood.
0 and 10a are used to construct the floor base of each floor by the Nederless method, and concrete construction methods are shown in FIGS. 5 to 7. In the figure, a foundation 20 is cast into concrete, and an opening-and-closing type underfloor ventilation port 22 is attached to an opening at an appropriate location of an outer circumference foundation 20a that is raised at a predetermined height along a peripheral edge. The surface of the outer foundation 20a is a makeup mortar 2
1 is finished, and the heat insulating material 30 is applied to the inner peripheral surface (back surface side). In this way, as the basic heat insulation, the heat insulating material 30 is applied to the inner peripheral surface of the outer circumference foundation 20a that is in contact with the outside air, thereby preventing deterioration over time and erosion by worms.

A base 25 is bolted and fixed on the outer circumference foundation 20a, and a large pull 26 is installed on the outer circumference foundation 20a and the inner circumference foundation 20b raised at an appropriate interval and the floor bundle. Then, the floor panel 10 is laid on the base 25 and the large pulling 26 so that the fore edge is in contact with the floor panel 10 and fixed directly to these horizontal members with dedicated screws, and the floor base of the first floor is constructed by the Nederless method.

The heat insulating method of the building is the outer heat insulating method, in which the heat insulating material 30 is faced on the outside of the pillar 29 standing on the base 25, and the outer wall 32 is provided with the furring edge 31 for ventilation. Is constructed, and the inner wall 33 is constructed on the indoor side. As a result, a ventilation space in the wall body between the heat insulating material 30 and the inner wall 33 and a ventilation space between the heat insulating material 30 and the outer wall 32 are formed (see FIG. 6).

Floor panel 1 having a small edge abutted on the large pull 26
0, the floor panel 1 is installed at the position where the partition wall is provided.
A small hole 17 is opened from the surface at the edge of 0 which is abutted, and communicated with the ventilation slit groove 15 (see FIG. 7). Since the ventilation slit groove 15 is formed at a prescribed position, the position of the ventilation slit groove 15 can be easily understood from the surface by preparing a ruler indicating the position. In addition, the position of the ventilation slit groove 15 may be marked on the surface when the floor panel 10 is produced. A floor finishing material 34 is applied on the floor panel 10, a ceiling material 35, an inner wall 36 of a partition wall.
The interior finish such as is sequentially constructed.

On the second floor, the floor panel 10 is similarly laid on the body difference 39 and the floor beam 40 to construct a floor base, and a ventilation slit is formed at the edge of the floor panel 10 at the position of the partition wall. A small hole 17 communicating with the groove 15 is opened from the surface. Furthermore, in order to utilize the space behind the hut, girder 41 and hut girder 42
The floor panel 10 is laid on the top, and a small hole 17 communicating with the ventilation slit groove 15 is opened from the surface at the edge contacting the floor panel 10.

A heat insulating material 30 is installed on the outside of the roof rafters 43, and a rafter 44 for ventilation and a field board 45 are installed on the heat insulating material 30 to construct a roof 46. As a result, a ventilation space is formed between the heat insulating material 30 and the roof 46 along the roof surface, and this ventilation space communicates with the eaves ventilation port 47, and the ventilation between the heat insulating material 30 and the outer wall 32. It is in communication with the space.

As a result of the construction of the floor panel 10 as described above, the ventilation slit grooves 15 are arranged at a predetermined interval along the entire periphery of the floor surface of each floor, and the ventilation slit grooves 15 form the underfloor space and the downstairs space. Inside the building wall (insulation material 30 and inner wall 3
3)). Further, the opening positions of the ventilation slit grooves 15 of the floor panel 10 that abut the small surface on the horizontal member are aligned, and the ventilation passages that straddle the horizontal member are formed at predetermined intervals. In the case where the horizontal member is arranged in the above, the ventilation groove extending across the horizontal member is formed by the long slit-shaped ventilation slit groove 16 (see FIG. 3). Further, a small hole 17 communicating with the ventilation slit groove 15 communicates the underfloor space, the downstairs space and the inside of the partition wall. Floor panel 10 above
The construction of the building (underfloor space, downstairs space, wall body,
A ventilation layer is formed that connects all of the inside of the partition wall and the back of the hut.

Next, the flow of air in the thus constructed house will be described. The air (solid arrow in FIG. 5) that has flowed into the underfloor space from the underfloor ventilation port 22 is vented from the underfloor space into the wall body through the ventilation slit groove 15 arranged along the periphery of the floor surface of the first floor. It distributes from the underfloor space into the partition wall. Similarly, in the downstairs space on the second floor, the ventilation slit grooves 15 arranged along the periphery of the second floor flow from the downstairs space into the wall body, and the small holes 17 flow from the downstairs space into the partition wall. Further, the air that has flowed into the back of the hut is exhausted to the outside through the back hut ventilation port, the top exhaust port (52 in FIG. 8 of the next example), and the like. In this way, the air flowing into the underfloor space circulates in the building body by natural convection, and in the downstairs space, the air circulates on the horizontal struts in the ventilation passages that straddle the horizontal struts,
The ventilation is improved.

The air (broken line arrow in FIG. 5) flowing from the lower end opening into the ventilation space between the heat insulating material 30 and the outer wall 32 is
It rises in this ventilation space, merges with the air that has flowed into the eaves space from the eaves ventilation port 47, and circulates through the ventilation space between the heat insulating material 30 and the roof 46 to generate the building exhaust port (see FIG. 8 in the next example). Medium 5
It is discharged from 5). In this way, the outer ventilation layer through which the outside air always flows is formed outside the heat insulating material 30.

8 and 9 show an optimum application example of the ventilation method for a house of the present invention. In the house shown in the figure, by constructing the floor base of each floor using the floor panel 10 as described above, a ventilation layer is formed that communicates entirely with the inside of the building body, and a ventilation space is maintained outside the heat insulating material 30 to form an outer wall. By constructing the roof 32 and the roof 46, an outer ventilation layer that is always in communication with the outside air is formed, and a ridge exhaust port 55 for discharging the air flowing through the outer ventilation layer is provided.

An openable top exhaust port 52 (skylight) is provided on the roof part of the ceiling on the second floor, and a stairwell 50 communicating with the interior is constructed by penetrating the back of the shed, and the wall of the stairwell 50 is connected. A communication passage (gallery) 51 is formed so that the attic and the indoor side are communicated with each other. The blow-through 50 is for not only daylighting but also for opening the top exhaust port 52 to ventilate the indoor air by an ascending airflow, and therefore is most preferably provided in the staircase space. Further, an opening / closing through hole 53 is provided in a partition wall that divides each room, and this through hole 53 is formed in a wall surface or the like above the door.

This house has a summer mode shown in FIG. 8 and a winter mode shown in FIG. In the summer mode of FIG. 8, the underfloor ventilation port 22 and the top exhaust port 52 are opened. By setting in this way, the air that has flowed into each room through the building opening such as a window flows through the door opening and the through hole 53 indoors, rises the blow-through 50, and goes out from the top exhaust port 52 to the outside. Is discharged. Further, the air flowing into the underfloor space from the underfloor ventilation port 22 circulates in the building body, and the communication path 5
1 flows into the blow-through 50 and is discharged to the outside through the top exhaust port 52.

As described above, in the summer mode, temperature difference ventilation taking advantage of the characteristics of air is actively used to ventilate the air flowing inside the building body and the indoor air to release hot air and humidity to the outside,
It prevents the radiant heat that the building gets heat in the summer and radiates into the room in advance, and also creates an appropriate updraft inside the room to realize natural cooling.

In the winter mode of FIG. 9, the building is hermetically closed by closing the window opening located in the heat insulating layer (thermal boundary portion), the underfloor ventilation port 22 and the top exhaust port 52. By setting in this way, the inside of the building (within the thermal boundary) surrounded by the heat insulating material 30 can be stored without releasing the solar heat, the heating and other living heat generated by the building through the windows and other openings. It is obtained by accumulating heat in structural frames, furniture, and other objects. Due to the characteristics of the air, air is gently convected inside the building body, so that the occurrence of dew condensation can be suppressed as much as possible. In addition, the foundation 20 is used as a source of geothermal heat or as a heat storage body, and by forming a soil-conditioning soil space 23 at an appropriate place, the natural humidity-controlling action of the soil space 23 enables the interior of the building to be dried even in the winter season. It is designed so that moderate humidity can be obtained.

[0027]

According to the ventilation method for a house of the present invention, the floor layer of each floor is constructed by using the floor panel 10 having a ventilation function to form a ventilation layer in which all the insides of the building communicate with each other, and natural convection is performed. The distribution of air inside the building structure is made possible by making it possible for the structures such as columns and beams to constantly come into contact with fresh air, promoting the humidity control of trees, improving the durability of the building, and building structure. It is possible to remarkably improve the breathability of the downstairs space under each floor, which is a problem of the Nederless method, without the hot air and humidity being retained inside.

Further, since the floor panel 10 used in the ventilation method for a house of the present invention is simply processed by cutting the ventilation slit groove 15 on the side of the structural plywood, it is excellent in mass productivity and manufactured at a low cost. It is not inferior in strength and rigidity as a base material. Furthermore, it is possible to lay directly on the horizontal material without any change by the rational Nederless method, and the workability is extremely excellent.

Further, a blow-through 50 having an openable top exhaust port 52 is constructed so that the blow-through 50 and the attic are communicated with each other. By opening and closing the top exhaust port 52, the air and the indoor air flowing through the building body are opened and closed. Ventilation / ventilation of the building is controlled according to the season, and opening fittings such as windows and doors are also opened and closed.In summer mode, the heat and humidity acquired by the building are actively released to the outside. In addition to preventing unpleasant radiant heat phenomenon, it creates a moderate updraft indoors to achieve natural cooling, and in winter mode, keeps the building's solar heat, heating, and other living heat from escaping to the outdoors. The heat is stored within the thermal boundary and realizes soft warmth with moderate humidity. In this way, a natural and comfortable living environment that does not rely on the heating and cooling of machines is realized.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a rear view of a floor panel used in a ventilation method for a house of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a rear view of the half-sized floor panel.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing the back surface of the floor panel laid with the two short sides in contact with the long sides.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view of a corner portion on the back surface of the floor panel.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of an essential part showing a construction method of a ventilation method for a house according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing construction of a wall.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing construction at a position of a partition wall.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a summer mode in an application example of the ventilation method for a house of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing a winter mode.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 floor panels 15 Slit groove for ventilation 17 small holes 20a Outer foundation 22 Underfloor ventilation port 25 foundation 29 pillars 30 insulation 32 outer wall 33 Inner wall 46 roof 50 stairwell 52 Top exhaust port 53 through holes

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A structural plywood having a predetermined standard size, in which a heat insulating material 30 is faced outside the pillars 29 standing on the base 25 and outside the roof rafters 43, and the building is heat-insulated by the external heat insulation method. The floor panel 10 is formed by arranging ventilation slits 15 in the form of short grooves, which are cut to a predetermined depth from the edge, on both sides of the back surface of the sheet, and are arranged side by side at symmetrical positions on both long sides and both short sides. Then, this floor panel 10 was laid directly on the horizontal members such as the foundation 25, the Daihiki 26, and the floor beams 40, and the floor base of each floor was constructed by the Nederless method, and the floor panels were arranged along the periphery of the floor surface. Ventilation slit groove 1
In 5, the underfloor space, the downstairs space (the underfloor space between each floor, the vertical space between the ceilings) and the inside of the wall (between the heat insulating material 30 and the inner wall 33) are made to communicate with each other, and the front edge surface is brought into contact with the horizontal material. Ventilation slit grooves 15 whose opening positions coincide with each other form a ventilation path that straddles the horizontal member, and at the position of the partition wall that divides each room, for ventilation at the edge portion of the floor panel 10 that abuts. A small hole 17 communicating with the slit groove 15 is opened from the surface, and by the above construction of the floor panel 10, the inside of the building (underfloor space,
A ventilation method for a house that forms a ventilation layer that connects all of the downstairs, the inside of the wall, the inside of the partition wall, and the back of the hut. 2. The method for ventilating a house according to claim 1, wherein the outer wall 32 and the roof 46 are constructed while maintaining a ventilation space outside the heat insulating material 30 to form an outer ventilation layer that is in constant communication with the outside air. 3. The heat insulating material 30 is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the outer foundation 20a.
The method for ventilating a house according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method is applied to a house. 4. The house according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein a blow-through 50 having an openable top exhaust port 52 provided in the roof is provided, and a communication passage 51 that connects the blow-through 50 and the attic is provided. Ventilation method. 5. A summer mode in which an opening / closing type underfloor ventilation port 22 is provided in the outer foundation 20a and the underfloor ventilation port 22 and the top exhaust port 52 are opened, and the underfloor ventilation port 22 and the top exhaust port 5 are provided.
The ventilation method for a house according to claim 4, further comprising a winter mode in which 2 is closed. 6. The ventilation method for a house according to claim 5, wherein a partition wall that divides each room is provided with an opening / closing through hole 53.