JPS6250618B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The invention of the present application prevents condensation mainly on the walls and floors of a building, improves ventilation, increases air conditioning efficiency, contributes to energy saving, and further improves the living environment. This applies particularly to assembled buildings and their ventilation systems.

Recently, in wooden houses or so-called prefabricated buildings made of lightweight steel, insulating materials such as glass wool are laminated on the floors, walls, ceilings, etc. of the buildings to improve the living environment. BACKGROUND ART Proposals are widely known that aim to reduce the amount of energy consumed for cooling or heating by increasing the heat insulation effect and to improve the efficiency thereof.

The living space of the building is then adjusted to the desired room temperature depending on the season using heating or cooling equipment.
A more comfortable living environment has been created.

However, inside a building such as a residence, the living room, kitchen, etc.
In addition to living spaces such as bathrooms, buildings have spaces under floors, attic spaces, etc., and are often connected to or adjacent to buildings with sunrooms, greenhouses, etc.

In this case, the temperature of living spaces such as the living room and kitchen is
Unless artificially adjusted through cooling or heating equipment,
The temperature of the space under the floor is lower than the temperature of the living space, and the temperature of the attic space, sunroom, or greenhouse is usually higher.

In particular, the temperature of the attic space in the roof in summer depends on the latitude of the building location, the topographical environment, the weather, the presence or absence of ventilation holes in the roofing members or the gables of the roof shed,
It varies depending on the size, but usually 35 on sunny days.
The temperature rises to ~50℃, and the high-temperature air accumulates in the upper roof attic space, raising the room temperature of the living space below and increasing the discomfort index due to the radiant heat, making it difficult to open the windows. Otherwise, the temperature in the living space may exceed 30℃, and even at night after sunset, the increased accumulated heat in the attic space will have a negative impact on the living space, extending the operating time of the air conditioner. Become.

On the other hand, in winter, the room temperature of the living space should be kept at 20-25
When the temperature is raised to an appropriate temperature of ℃, if the outdoor temperature is below 5℃ or -0℃ and there is a significant temperature difference between indoors and outdoors, water vapor in the living space generated by heating may cause damage to the floor. In particular, in the case of fibrous insulation materials such as glass wool filled in walls that are in contact with the outside air, condensation occurs inside the voids of the fiber material's constituent matrix, in which case the insulation material becomes wet and its insulation effect is reduced. Instead, the condensation phenomenon will be further promoted, and the wet state will reach an extreme level, forming water droplets that will fall downward, causing rotting of the lower part of the wall and the floor, and in extreme cases, causing a fall accident on the floor. becomes.

In view of the above, the inventor of the present application has completed the present invention as a result of research.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to surround the living space of a building with an air layer partitioned by a heat insulating material, so that the temperature in the living space is less affected by the temperature outside the building, and the living space is It prevents dew condensation due to temperature differences with the outside air, and in particular allows communication between the air layer on the walls that are in contact with the outside air and the air layer in the underfloor space and the roof attic space, enabling natural ventilation and reducing high temperatures in summer, etc. When humid air accumulates in the roof attic space and the temperature in the roof attic space rises above the set temperature, it will be automatically exhausted and the cold air in the underfloor space will be circulated, adversely affecting the temperature in the living space. In addition, in winter, cold air in the underfloor space is blocked by underfloor insulation material and an air layer to prevent it from adversely affecting the temperature of the living space, and its ventilation system. It is to provide.

The above and other objects and features of the invention can be learned from the following description, which gives examples.

As shown in the drawing, in a prefabricated building made of lightweight steel, a heat insulating material 2 made of ALC board (lightweight cellular concrete) placed on the outside of the wall 1 that is in contact with the outside air of the building, and foam polystyrene and hard urethane placed on the inside. The wall air space 4 is partitioned by a plate-shaped heat insulating material 3 made of plastic foam such as foam, the underfloor air space 13 is partitioned by a plastic foam heat insulating material 6 of the floor 5, and the upper surface of the ceiling part 8 and the roof shed. A roof attic air layer 11 is formed which is partitioned by plastic foam heat insulating materials 9 and 10 placed on the lower surface of the back, and the air layers 4 and 1 are separated from each other.
1 and 13 surround the living space 12, and the wall air layer 4 is opened to the roof attic air layer 11 and the underfloor air layer 13 to communicate with each other. C-type steel studs 17, 17 are arranged at appropriate intervals between the steel columns 16, 16 erected on the connected foundation steel 15,
Inside between the steel columns 16, 16, a wooden panel 18 consisting of vertical and horizontal members is fitted along the steel columns 16, 16, and mounting members 19, 1 are fixed to the steel columns 16, 16.
9, and facing the bracing steel 20 placed inside the C-shaped studs 17, 17 located outside the panel 18, a plate-shaped plastic foam material such as Styrofoam (trade name) is attached. insulation material 3
A moisture-proof layer 2 of asphalt coat craft, polyethylene film, etc. is provided on the inside of the panel 18.
1, a sound-insulating and fire-resistant board 22 is laminated, a desired decorative board 23 is fixed to the surface, or the wall surface is treated, and then the outside of the wall part 1 is stretched on the inside. A wire air layer 4 is formed between the plastic foam heat insulating material 3 and the outer surface of the column steels 16, 16 and the C-shaped pouring steels 17, 17 is made of a lightweight material such as Hebelite (trade name). Insulating materials 2 made of aerated concrete (ALC boards) are placed one after another from below, and an appropriate filler is applied to the polymerization gap to prevent rainwater from entering from the outside.

Next, for the floor part 5, the joists 27, 27 are arranged on the large pull 26 placed on the bundle 25, and the joists 27, 27 are placed on the large pull 26 or the
A plastic foam heat insulating material 6 is provided via the receiving material 28 attached to the joists 27, 27 or appropriate mounting hardware, and between the floor material 31 placed on the joists 27, 27 with a moisture-proof layer 30 interposed therebetween. The underfloor space 7 is formed, and the joint part with the wall 1 is abutted against the heat generating material 3 provided inside the wall 1 to form the underfloor space 7 into the wall air layer 4 and the underfloor air layer 13. This prevents the living space 12 from being adversely affected by changes in the temperature of the underfloor air layer 13.

Furthermore, a heat insulating material 3 placed inside the wall portion 1
The wall air layer 4 and the under-floor air layer 13 are communicated through a gap 33 provided at the lower part of the panel 18, and the air in the under-floor air layer 13 passes through the wall air layer 4 and is transferred to the roof attic air layer 11 described later. As a result, when the excessively elevated air in the attic air layer 11 is forced to be exhausted in the summer, the cool air in the underfloor air layer 13 can be circulated to the attic air layer 11. In winter, the temperature in the attic air layer 11 is cooled by snow and strong winds, and the temperature in the underfloor air layer 13 is higher due to geothermal heat. (In winter, the vents 24 provided in the foundation concrete 14 are closed) The relatively high temperature air in the underfloor air layer 13 is circulated through the wall air layer 4 to lower the temperature in the roof attic air layer 11. The structure is designed to alleviate the decrease.

Next, the ceiling part 8 is attached to a plate-shaped plastic foam heat insulating material 10 by using appropriate mounting hardware between the edges 35 suspended by the hanging poles 34 or on the edges 35.
The roof attic air space 11 is provided through the heat insulating material 10 on the upper layer of the ceiling material 36 stretched on the lower surface of the roof veranda.
form.

The connecting part with the wall air layer 4 connects the upper end of the plastic foam cross-sectional material 3 located inside the wall air layer 4 to the plastic foam heat insulating material 10 on the upper surface of the ceiling portion 8. The ends are brought into contact with each other to allow both air layers 4 and 11 to communicate with each other.

Furthermore, a plate-shaped plastic foam heat insulating material 9 is fitted between the rafters 37 or the main roof materials provided on the lower surface of the roof attic using appropriate receiving members or mounting hardware, or is stretched between the rafters 37 and the lower surface of the rafters 37. An under-roof air layer 39 is formed between the lower surface of the shedding board 38 and the upper surface of the plastic foam insulation material 9, and the under-roof air layer 39 and the insulation material 9 reduce the temperature from the roof surface in contact with outside air. This reduces the adverse effects of changes on the attic air space 11.

In another embodiment of the structure of the above-mentioned under-roof air layer 39, the lower part of the eaves on the downward slope side of the air layer 39 is opened to allow outside air to flow in, and the upper end of the upward slope side of the air layer 39 is opened. An appropriate opening is provided in the gable so that air heated by the air layer 39 through conduction or radiant heat from the roof surface can be naturally exhausted in summer, separately from the air in the attic air layer 11, It is also possible to configure the roof attic air space 11 to be able to eliminate any adverse effects that would otherwise be exerted on the air space 11.
(However, illustrations are omitted.) Instead of using plastic foam as the cross-sectional material provided on the inside of the wall, floor, ceiling, etc., rock wool insulation material or uncured foam may be used instead. The foam can also be sprayed on-site.

Next, there is an opening 40 on one side of the gable of the roof attic.
and/or a vent 42 with a shutter 41 that opens and closes by wind power is provided on the other side, or a vent 42 with a shutter 41 that opens and closes by wind power is provided in the ridge, and the vent 42 or the vent has a surface Then, a ventilation fan 46 having a cavity 45 equipped with a ventilation window 43 and a shutter 44 that opens and closes by wind power is installed, and an air layer 1 in the roof attic is installed.
Cooling contact thermostat 4 at an appropriate position in 1
7 is provided, and when the temperature in the attic air layer 11 rises above the set temperature, the ventilation fan 46 is automatically activated, and the wind force opens the shutter 44 in the cavity 45 (in this case, the ventilation fan 46 opens the shutter 44 in the cavity 45). ventilation window 43
) Open the shutter 41 of the gable vent 42 to forcefully exhaust the air to the outside, and at the same time circulate the cold air in the underfloor air layer 13 through the wall air layer 4 into the roof attic air layer 11. By lowering the temperature of the roof attic air layer 11, the negative impact on the living space 12 is reduced, and when the temperature of the air layer 11 is lower than the set temperature, the ventilation fan 46 is stopped and the cavity is closed. The shutter 44 of the end portion 45 is closed, forced exhaust air is stopped, and natural ventilation is performed through the opening 40 provided in the end portion.

In addition to the automatic forced exhaust air conditioning system using the ventilation fan 46 installed in the roof attic air space 11, a ventilation fan and thermostat are installed in the sunroom attached to the building or in the adjacent greenhouse, so that the underfloor space of the building and the A duct is connected between the sunroom or greenhouse, and when the temperature inside the sunroom or greenhouse rises above the set temperature in winter, the ventilation fan is automatically activated to guide the rising air into the underfloor space. By alleviating the cooling air in the underfloor space, the air in the wall air layer and roof attic air layer is harmonized, preventing the formation of condensation and preventing the temperature in the living space from being adversely affected by outside air. It is also possible to have a configuration in which the heating efficiency is increased by reducing the amount of energy, thereby increasing the energy consumption. (However, illustrations are omitted.) In addition, by placing a known air layer double-layered glass aluminum sash in the necessary openings of the living space, or by using glass laminated with a heat ray blocking film,
It is desirable to have a configuration that reduces the discomfort zone in the living space due to sunlight or outside air radiation.

Since the invention of the present application has the above configuration, the living space is surrounded by air layers partitioned by heat insulating material in the upper and lower parts and on the sides, and has excellent heat insulation properties, so that it is not adversely affected by outside temperature. Therefore, it is possible to prevent dew condensation caused by a temperature difference between the temperature of the living space and the outside temperature.

In addition, when the temperature of the air layer in the attic of the roof exceeds the set temperature in summer, etc., the ventilation fan automatically operates to exhaust the rising temperature to the outside and lower the temperature. Since air is introduced into the roof attic air layer through the wall air layer, the temperature in the roof attic air layer is further cooled and harmonized, which prevents any negative impact on the living space. It can improve cooling efficiency and save resources.

Furthermore, in winter, if the temperature in the attic air layer is lower than the temperature in the attic air layer, the geothermal heat of the under-floor air layer causes air that is hotter than the attic air layer to flow into the attic air layer. Since the temperature can be harmonized through circulation, the negative influence of outside air on the living space can be reduced, and heating efficiency can be increased.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

In the accompanying drawings showing the embodiment, Fig. 1 is an explanatory longitudinal cross-sectional view of the building, Fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of section E in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the wall portion of section E in Fig. 4. The figure is an enlarged longitudinal cross-sectional view of part G in Fig. 1, and Fig. 5 is an enlarged longitudinal cross-sectional view of a ventilation fan having a cavity in the gable wall of the roof shed. Explanation of the symbols representing the main parts of the figure: 1; Wall part; 2; Insulating material; 3; Insulating material; 4; Wall air layer; 5; Floor part; 6; Insulating material; 7; Underfloor space;
8; Ceiling part, 9; Insulating material, 10; Insulating material, 1
1; Roof attic air space, 12; Living space, 13;
Underfloor air layer, 14; Foundation concrete, 15; Foundation steel, 16; Column steel, 17, 17; C-type stud steel, 1
8; Wood panel, 19, 19; Mounting member, 20;
Bracing steel, 21; moisture barrier layer, 22; fireproof board, 2
3; decorative board, 24; vent, 25; bundle, 26; large pull, 27, 27; joist, 28; receiving material, 30; moisture barrier layer, 31; flooring, 33; gap, 34; hanging tree,
35; field edge, 36; ceiling material, 37; rafters, 38;
Roof board, 39; Under-roof air layer, 40; Opening, 4
1; shutter, 42; vent, 43; ventilation window,
44; shutter; 45; cavity; 46; ventilation window; 47; thermostat.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A wall air layer 4 divided by heat insulating materials 2 and 3 placed on the inside and outside of the wall 1 that is in contact with the outside air of the building.
An under-floor air layer 13 is formed below the floor section using a heat insulating material 6, and a roof attic air layer 11 is formed using heat insulating materials 9 and 10 arranged on the upper surface of the ceiling section 8 and the lower surface of the roof attic section. A prefabricated building characterized in that each air layer surrounds a living space 12, and the wall air layer 4 is opened to a roof attic air layer 11 and an underfloor air layer 13 to communicate with each other. 2. Wall air space separated by insulating materials placed on the inside and outside of the walls that are in contact with the outside air of the building, under-floor air space separated by insulating material below the floor, and the upper surface of the ceiling and roof attic. An air layer is formed in the roof attic divided by heat insulating material placed on the lower surface, and each air layer surrounds the living space,
In an assembled building in which the wall air layer is opened to the roof attic air layer and the underfloor air layer to communicate with each other, ventilation holes 4 are provided at appropriate positions in the roof attic air layer 11.
2, or a ventilator is provided in the ridge part, and a ventilation fan 4 is provided with a ventilator 43 facing the ventilator 42 or the ventilator, and a shutter 41 that opens and closes by wind power.
6, a thermostat 47 is installed in the attic air layer 11, and a thermostat 47 is installed in each air layer.
An assembled building characterized by automatically circulating air.