JPH0538168Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed explanation of the idea] Technical field of invention The present invention relates to a heat insulating structure for buildings.

Technical background of the invention and its problems In order to improve the thermal insulation of buildings, buildings have been developed in which insulation material is placed to comprehensively surround each room in the building. Ta.

However, as shown in FIG. 9, for example,
Although the building 52 in which the insulation material is comprehensively installed is comfortable in the winter, there is a problem in that ventilation is poor in the summer. Moreover, since the insulating material 50a is also installed under the floor, the temperature of the under-floor space 16 becomes approximately equal to the outside air temperature, and the moisture that has passed through the insulating material 50a under the floor is transferred to the vicinity of the foundation 37 and the lower end of the outer wall rising from the foundation. Condensation was likely to occur at the base 37, which could reduce the durability of the base 37.

In addition, in order to prevent dew condensation within the walls of a building, some buildings are known in which an outer ventilation layer 56 is provided between the heat insulating material 50 and the outer sheathing material 54 to improve air permeability. Since the air flowing through the outer ventilation layer 56 and the structure on the indoor side are separated by the heat insulating material 50, the air permeability on the indoor side was still low. Additionally, some buildings are known in which the underfloor ventilation openings 58 can be opened and closed in order to improve the ventilation of the underfloor space 16. It was not possible to effectively prevent dew condensation at the lower end of the outer wall, which rises further.

Purpose of the invention The present invention was devised to effectively solve the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to achieve high insulation and airtightness, and The purpose of the present invention is to provide a heat insulating structure for a building that is capable of increasing efficiency, reduces the occurrence of dew condensation particularly in the underfloor space, and has excellent ventilation inside the structure on the indoor side.

Summary of the invention In order to achieve such an object, the insulation structure of a building according to the invention includes an outer ventilation layer and an inner ventilation layer on the indoor side of the exterior wall material and roof material of the building. The outer wall material and the roof material are separated from each other so as not to be in direct communication with each other across the insulation material that is continuously stretched along the indoor side, and the inner ventilation layer is always connected to the attic space and the underfloor space. The structure is configured such that at least one of the lower end and the upper end of the outer ventilation layer is open to the outside air, and the building has an underfloor ventilation opening that appropriately communicates the outside air and the underfloor space with an underfloor opening/closing damper. and an under-ridge ventilation opening that appropriately communicates the outer ventilation layer and the inner ventilation layer with an under-ridge opening/closing damper in the vicinity of the ridge, and a heat insulating material surrounding the outer periphery of the foundation is formed. It is characterized in that it is provided continuously at the lower end of the heat insulating material stretched along the indoor side of the exterior wall material and roof material.

According to the thermal insulation structure of the building according to the present invention, when the underfloor ventilation opening and the underridge ventilation opening are closed by the underfloor opening/closing damper and the underridge opening/closing damper, respectively, high insulation and high airtightness can be easily achieved. This makes it possible to significantly improve the efficiency of heating and cooling. In addition, when the underfloor ventilation opening and the underbuilding ventilation opening are opened using an underfloor opening/closing damper and an underbuilding opening/closing damper, respectively, the air taken in from the underfloor ventilation opening passes through the building and is exhausted to the outside from the underbuilding ventilation opening. This makes it possible to improve ventilation within the building and make effective use of heating or cooling air in the space under the floor.
As air is discharged, moisture is also discharged and the inside of the structure is opened to the outside air, so the state approaches that of outside air due to the dispersion of water vapor pressure.

Furthermore, since the insulation material that surrounds the outer periphery of the foundation is provided continuously at the lower end of the insulation material that is stretched along the indoor side of the building's exterior wall material and roof material, the insulation of the underfloor space is also improved. This makes it possible to effectively prevent dew condensation in the underfloor space, and to facilitate construction.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments shown in the drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a heat insulation structure of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the main part showing the vicinity of the under-building ventilation opening according to the same embodiment, and Fig. 3 is the same embodiment. FIG. 4 is a plan view of the basic structure according to the same example, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view along the line shown in FIG. 4, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the same example. FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the main part of the foundation structure according to the example, FIG. 7 is a plan view of the main part showing the arrangement of reinforcing bars according to the same example, and FIG. be.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, on the outer periphery of the foundation 29 in the building 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention, a heat insulating material or a part of the wood is stretched in the surface direction of the heat insulating material. In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, a surface insulation material 8 is provided on the indoor side of the exterior wall material 4a and roof material 4b of the building so as to be continuous with the insulation material 5 attached to the outer periphery of the foundation 29. It is strung out in all directions. In addition, in the embodiment shown in FIG.
A portion of the heat insulating material 5 or 8 is cut out at an underfloor ventilation opening 12 and an underridge ventilation opening 14, which will be described later.

In particular, in this embodiment, the outer ventilation layer 6 and the inner ventilation layer 7 are arranged on the indoor side of the exterior wall material 4a and the roof material 4b of the building so that they do not directly communicate with each other, and the inner ventilation layer 7 is located in the attic. A heat insulating material 8 is stretched in the plane direction so as to constantly communicate with the space 20 and the underfloor space 16. As the exterior wall material 4a,
Examples include mortar walls, siding walls, concrete walls, etc., but other wall materials may also be used.
Furthermore, examples of the roofing material 4b include a straw roofing material, a slate roofing material, a metal plate flat roofing material, etc., but other roofing materials may be used.

As the heat insulating materials 5 and 8, synthetic resin foam heat insulating plates are preferable, and foam plates having an independent microstructure obtained by foaming a synthetic resin such as polystyrene, polyethylene, or polyvinyl chloride are preferable. Among these, it is effective to use an extruded polystyrene foam board that has a high degree of rigidity, heat insulation, and moisture permeation resistance. However, the heat insulating materials 5 and 8 are not limited to the above-mentioned synthetic resin extruded foam boards, but also fibrous materials made of glass wool, rock wool, etc. formed into a board shape can be used. However, when using such a fiber-based heat insulating material, condensation tends to occur unless it is closely attached to the indoor side of the heat insulating material and a moisture barrier layer is used together.

The heat insulating material 8 disposed in the walls and roof is the first
As shown in the figure, only one layer may be stretched, but as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, two layers may be laminated.

The outer ventilation layer 6 formed on the outdoor side of the heat insulating material 8 extends throughout the walls and the inside of the roof, and at least one of its lower end and upper end is open to the outside air. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the outer ventilation layer 6 is always open to the outside air through a through hole 6a formed at the lower end of the outer ventilation layer 6, as shown in detail in FIG.

Further, the inner ventilation layer 7 extends all around each room 10 and communicates with the underfloor space 16 and the attic space 20. The inner ventilation layer 7a between each room 10 is formed between the partitions. In a conventional wooden building structure, a gap is inevitably formed between the partitions, and the gap communicates with the underfloor space 16, and the inner ventilation layer 7a may be naturally formed. In addition, in buildings constructed using the two-by method, the gaps formed between the partitions do not communicate with the underfloor space if they are left alone, so we actively create an inner ventilation layer between the partitions by making holes in the floor in that area. It is necessary to form 7a.

In this embodiment, an underfloor ventilation opening 12 and an underridge ventilation opening 1 are provided in a part of the insulation material 8 stretched as described above.
4 is formed. The underfloor ventilation opening 12 is for appropriately communicating the outdoor space and the underfloor space 16, and is an underfloor ventilation opening 18 formed in the wall outer covering material 4a.
It is now connected to the Further, the under-ridge ventilation opening 14 is for appropriately communicating the outer ventilation layer 6 with the attic space 20 or the inner ventilation layer 7, and communicates with the under-ridge ventilation opening 22 formed at the top of the roof outer covering 4b. I'm starting to do that.

As shown in FIG. 3, an underfloor opening/closing damper 24 is rotatably attached to the underfloor ventilation opening 12. It is preferable that the underfloor opening/closing damper 24 is made of a plate-shaped heat insulating material. This underfloor opening/closing damper 24 has a thermal conductivity (k) of k=2.5 kcal/m ² h°C or less as a heat insulating property.
It is preferable that the airtight performance is 2nd grade or lower as described in the airtightness class of JIS A1516 Airtightness Test Method for Fittings. These performances are comparable to those of double-layered glass-containing PVC-framed sashes (insulated sashes) used in cold regions, such as Excel Wind (manufactured by Kanebuchi Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.), and the ventilation openings are closed. This is because under certain circumstances, similar to insulating sashes, problems regarding insulation and airtightness will not occur. As shown in Fig. 3, the underfloor opening/closing damper 24 with such performance uses a frame and frame made of PVC, a panel with a heat insulating material in the main body, and an airtight material in the opening/closing part. You can make it by using it.

In order to open and close the underfloor opening/closing damper 24 by remote control, a wire, a motor, or the like may be connected to the damper 24 as opening/closing driving means.

Preferably, a mesh body 26 is provided on the outdoor side of the underfloor ventilation opening 12. The net 26 is for preventing insects, small animals, etc. from entering the underfloor space 16, and is preferably made of a net used for screens, etc., and is removable.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, the under-ridge opening/closing damper 28 is rotatably attached to the under-ridge ventilation opening 14. The underfloor opening/closing damper 28 is the underfloor opening/closing damper 24
It is preferable that the panel be constructed with a panel having similar heat insulation and airtightness.

In order to open and close the under-ridge opening/closing damper 28 by remote control, a wire, a motor, or the like may be connected to the damper 28 as an opening/closing driving means.

It is preferable that a mesh body 26 is provided on the outdoor side of the under-ridge ventilation opening 14. The net 26 is for preventing insects, small animals, etc. from entering the attic space 20, and is preferably made of a net used for screen doors, etc., and is removable.
In addition, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the roof outer covering material 4b
An opening/closing damper 29 is also provided in the ventilation opening 22 so that the underridge ventilation opening 22 provided at the top of the roof can be opened and closed freely. This opening/closing damper 29 may be interlocked with the under-ridge opening/closing damper 28 by wires, links, or the like. It may be possible to open and close independently. In the present invention, such a ridge ventilation opening 22
The opening/closing damper 29 attached to the opening/closing damper 29 is not necessarily required.

It is preferable that the foundation 29 for constructing the underfloor space 16 in the building 2 according to this embodiment has the following structure.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the foundation 29 according to this embodiment is a solid foundation body 30 formed by pouring concrete so as to extend in the surface direction on the ground.
An outer foundation 31 having an L-shaped cross section is integrally formed by pouring concrete around this solid foundation 30, and an outer foundation 31 is erected at predetermined intervals inside this outer foundation 31. , it consists of the solid foundation body 30 and a columnar body 32 integrally formed by pouring concrete.

When constructing such a foundation 29, first the roots are cut and a split stone 33 is constructed. Thereafter, crushed gravel is applied to the split stones 33 to form a moisture-proof layer on the split stones 33. Thereafter, reinforcing bars 34 as linear reinforcements are arranged, for example, as shown in FIG. 7. In particular, it is preferable for strength to be reinforced by arranging diamond reinforcing bars 34a extending not only in the vertical and horizontal directions but also in the diagonal direction inside the solid foundation 30 on which the columnar bodies 32 are erected.

Next, a solid foundation 30 is formed by pouring concrete. In this case, it is preferable in terms of strength that the thickness of the solid base body 30 at the portion where the columnar body 32 is erected is thicker than the surrounding portion. Further, the surface of the solid base body 30 is preferably roughened by brush finishing or the like. In this way, by making the surface of the solid base body 30 rough,
By increasing the heat exchange area, the solid foundation body 30 made of concrete can effectively exhibit heat storage or heat dissipation action. In other words, if the building 2 with the insulating structure according to the present invention is built on such a foundation 29, the space under the floor can be used to effectively utilize solar heat and underground heat for heating, etc. in the winter, and in the summer. It becomes possible to effectively utilize nighttime cold air and underfloor cold air for cooling purposes.

Next, the outer circumferential base body 31 and the columnar body 32 are
It is formed integrally with the solid foundation body 30 by pouring concrete. Although the formwork used to form the outer circumferential base body 31 is removed, the cylindrical body 35 as the formwork used to form the columnar body 32 does not necessarily need to be removed. For example, when a cylindrical body made of synthetic resin or the like is used as a formwork, there is no problem aesthetically or functionally even if the formwork is not removed.

In order to form the foundation of the building 2 on the foundation structure constructed in this way, it is sufficient to bridge the tops of the columnar bodies 32 and the outer foundation 31 with beams 36 and foundations 37. At that time, if necessary, bundle stones 38 shown in FIG. 6 may be erected at a short distance between each columnar body 32 to receive the beams 36. Bunishi 38
is made of wood or stone, but since it is supported by a solid foundation 30 whose lower end is a concrete surface, the floorboards supported by the beams 36 do not cause floor rumbling or the like.

In this embodiment, FIGS. 5a, 5b, and 5
As shown in Fig. c, a heat insulating material or a part of the wood is stretched around the outer periphery of the outer foundation 31 in the foundation 29 in the direction of the surface of the heat insulating material. Then, as mentioned above, this wood or insulation material 5
A heat insulating material 8 is spread throughout the walls and roof of the building 2 so as to be continuous. In FIG. 5b, the insulation 5 stretched outside the foundation has risen to reach the support 40 of the insulation 8 in the wall. In this case, the insulation material covers the entire surface of the base body 31.
Instead of being stretched around the outer periphery, a part of the wood (receiving material 40) is used.

In the case of Figure 5b, the foundation is generally prone to insulation weaknesses due to the wood used there. Therefore, if that is a concern, Section 5c.
As shown in the figure, the insulation material receiving material 40 in FIG.
There is also a way to just put it up against the wall.

Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 3, the heat insulating material receiver 40 may be attached to the outside of the underfloor ventilation frame 41, but in this case, it may be attached to the outer periphery of the base body 31 as in Fig. 5b. This is an example in which the heat insulating material 5 is partially made of wood.

According to the heat insulation structure of the building 2 according to this embodiment, wood is stretched around the outer periphery of the foundation 29 or a part thereof, and the wood or the heat insulation material 5 is continuous with the wood. Since the heat insulating material 8 is spread over the walls and roof of the building, the insulation properties of the underfloor air 16 are also maintained, making it possible to effectively prevent dew condensation in the underfloor space.

Further, according to the heat insulation structure of the building 1 according to this embodiment, in winter, the underfloor ventilation opening 12
When the under-building ventilation opening 14 is blocked by the under-floor opening/closing damper 24 and the under-building opening/closing damper 28, respectively, it becomes possible to easily achieve high insulation and high airtightness, and greatly improve heating efficiency. becomes possible. This also applies to cooling in the summer. In addition, in summer, etc., when the underfloor ventilation opening 12 and the underridge ventilation opening 14 are opened by the underfloor opening/closing damper 24 and the underridge opening/closing damper 28, respectively, the underfloor ventilation opening 12
It becomes possible to exhaust the air taken in from the inside of the building to the outside from the under-building ventilation opening 14, thereby improving the ventilation inside the building and making it possible to effectively utilize the cold air in the under-floor space.

In particular, in this embodiment, since the underfloor space 16 is formed by a foundation structure consisting of a solid foundation 30, an outer foundation 31, and a columnar body 32, there is no continuous foundation that partitions the space. , the air circulation under the floor is improved, and the solid foundation under the floor 3
It is possible to effectively utilize the cold air or warm air stored in the floor, and also to effectively eliminate moisture under the floor. Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the outer ventilation layer 6 and the inner ventilation layer 7 are provided between the inner covering material 5 and the outer covering material 4, air can circulate well through these ventilation layers 6 and 7. However, the occurrence of condensation can be effectively prevented.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and can be modified in various ways.

For example, as shown in FIG.
Do not open the lower end of the base 1 directly to the lower end of the base 1.
3 may be communicated with the underfloor space 16 through a through hole 13a or the like cut out below. In this embodiment, the outer ventilation layer 6 communicates with outside air through the underfloor space 16 only when the underfloor opening/closing damper 24 is opened. Further, the foundation structure of the building 2 according to the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but may be a cloth foundation structure or other known foundation structure.

Effects of the invention As explained above, according to the invention, high insulation and high airtightness can be easily achieved when the underfloor ventilation opening and the underridge ventilation opening are blocked by the underfloor opening/closing damper and the under ridge opening/closing damper, respectively. This makes it possible to significantly improve the efficiency of heating and cooling. In addition, when the underfloor ventilation opening and the underbuilding ventilation opening are opened using an underfloor opening/closing damper and an underbuilding opening/closing damper, respectively, the air taken in from the underfloor ventilation opening passes through the building and is exhausted to the outside from the underbuilding ventilation opening. This makes it possible to improve the ventilation inside the building, make it possible to effectively utilize the warm or cold air in the space under the floor, and effectively prevent the occurrence of dew condensation. Further, according to the present invention, since the inner ventilation layer and the outer ventilation layer are provided, air can circulate well through both of these ventilation layers, and in this respect as well, the occurrence of dew condensation can be effectively prevented.

In addition, the entire building can be surrounded by one continuous insulation material, which maintains the insulation properties of the underfloor space and effectively prevents condensation in the underfloor space, and is relatively easy to install. It is.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a heat insulation structure of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the main part showing the vicinity of the under-building ventilation opening according to the same embodiment, and Fig. 3 is the same embodiment. FIG. 4 is a plan view of the basic structure according to the same embodiment, and FIG. 5 a-
c is a sectional view taken along the line V-V shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the main part of the foundation structure according to the same embodiment, and Fig. 7 is a plane view of the main part showing the arrangement of reinforcing bars according to the same embodiment. figure,
FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view of a main part of a building according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 9 is a schematic sectional view of a main part of a building according to a conventional example. 2, 2a...Building, 4a...Exterior wall material, 4b...
...Roofing material, 6...Outer ventilation layer, 5, 8...Insulation material, 12...Underfloor ventilation, 14...Underridge ventilation,
24...Underfloor opening/closing damper, 28...Underbuilding opening/closing damper.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claim for Utility Model Registration] An outer ventilation layer and an inner ventilation layer are continuously stretched along the indoor side of the exterior wall material and roofing material of the building. The inner ventilation layer is in constant communication with the attic space and the underfloor space, and at least one of the lower end portion and the upper end portion of the outer ventilation layer One side is configured to be open to the outside air, and this building is provided with an underfloor ventilation opening that appropriately communicates outside air with the underfloor space by an underfloor opening/closing damper, and an outside ventilation layer and an inside ventilation layer located near the underside of the ridge. An under-ridge ventilation opening is formed, which communicates with the under-ridge ventilation opening as appropriate by means of an under-ridge opening/closing damper, and furthermore, an insulating material surrounding the outer periphery of the foundation is an insulating material stretched along the indoor side of the exterior wall material and roof material of the building. A building insulation structure characterized by being provided continuously at the lower end of the timber.