JP3715981B2 - 排気浄化機能付き消音装置 - Google Patents
排気浄化機能付き消音装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP3715981B2 JP3715981B2 JP2004089912A JP2004089912A JP3715981B2 JP 3715981 B2 JP3715981 B2 JP 3715981B2 JP 2004089912 A JP2004089912 A JP 2004089912A JP 2004089912 A JP2004089912 A JP 2004089912A JP 3715981 B2 JP3715981 B2 JP 3715981B2
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009828 non-uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
- F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
- F01N1/084—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling the gases flowing through the silencer two or more times longitudinally in opposite directions, e.g. using parallel or concentric tubes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
- F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
- F01N1/089—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling using two or more expansion chambers in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
- F01N3/2885—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with exhaust silencers in a single housing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
- F01N5/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using kinetic energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2230/00—Combination of silencers and other devices
- F01N2230/04—Catalytic converters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/08—Adding substances to exhaust gases with prior mixing of the substances with a gas, e.g. air
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Description
このような排気浄化装置を、トラクタのような車体長さが短く排気管の長さに制約がある車両に搭載するため、排気浄化装置を内部に組込んだ排気浄化機能付き消音装置が開発されている。
尚、排気流通路壁面から通路内へ突出させる液体還元剤の噴射ノズルを、噴口が排気流通路中心に位置するよう延ばせば、排気中に液体還元剤を比較的均一に分布させることが可能である。しかし、片持ち支持構造であるため、車体振動等により噴射ノズルが破損する虞れがあると共に、熱容量が大きくなって、排気熱で液体還元剤が噴射ノズル内壁に堆積してノズルが詰まる虞れもある。
請求項3の発明では、前記噴射ノズルの上流側に一酸化窒素を二酸化窒素へと酸化させる酸化触媒を備え、前記還元触媒の下流側に、当該還元触媒を通過した液体還元剤を酸化浄化する還元剤酸化触媒を備えることを特徴とする。
請求項2に記載の発明によれば、拡散手段を通過した排気流れの方向が偏るので、折返部の鉛直方向の渦をより一層生成し易くなり、液体還元剤の排気中における分布の均一化が更に促進され、NOx低減性能を更に向上できる。
図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係る排気浄化機能付き消音装置の内部構造を示す図である。
図1において、本実施形態の消音装置1は、ケース2の図中右側側面に、排気流入部3と、該排気流入部3の図中手前側に排気排出部4(図中、2点鎖線で示す)が設けられている。また、ケース2外周囲には、適所に車両に固定するための取付けフランジ部5が設けられている。ケース2の内部には、排気流入部3に形成した多数の孔6を介して排気流入部3と連通する拡張室7と、該拡張室7と反対側の側面で排気流れを折返す折返部8と、拡張室7と折返部8とを連通する上流側排気流通路9と、折返部8と排気排出部4とを連通する下流側排気流通路10と、が形成されている。
本実施形態の消音装置1では、図1の矢印で示す如く、排気流入部3から流入した排気は、孔6を介して拡張室7に流入し、上流側排気流通路9、折返部8、下流側排気流通路10へと順次流れ、排気排出部4から排出される。この際、上流側排気流通路9において酸化触媒11で排気中のNOをNO2に酸化した後、噴射ノズル12から液体還元剤を排気中に噴射供給する。液体還元剤を含んだ排気は、折返部8においてリング部材15の孔15aから、上流側排気流通路9からの排気の流れ方向と略平行な折返部壁面8aに向けて噴射する。これにより、壁面8aに沿った排気流れが発生し、折返部8のリング部材15下方で下流側排気流通路10と連通する部分に、鉛直方向の渦が生成され、液体還元剤が排気中に効果的に拡散、混合し、排気中の液体還元剤の分布状態が均一となり、下流側排気流通路10においてNOx還元触媒13へ液体還元剤が均一に流入する。そして、NOx還元触媒13で排気中のNOxを液体還元剤で還元浄化し、還元剤酸化触媒14で残存する液体還元剤を酸化浄化した後、排気排出部4から排出する。
リング部材15は、図3のように全周に等間隔に孔15aを設けるのではなく、図4に示すように、リング部材15の周方向において偏りを持たせて孔15aを形成するようにしてもよい。この場合、液体還元剤の噴射ノズル12の取付け位置側と反対側に孔15aが偏るようにリング部材15を折返部8にセットする。これにより、リング部材15の孔15aから噴射する排気流れに指向性が付与され、全周に等間隔に孔15aを設ける場合と比較して、より効果的に渦を生成することができる。従って、液体還元剤の拡散、混合作用が促進されて、より一層液体還元剤の分布が均一化され、NOx還元触媒13のNOx還元効率が向上し、NOx低減性能が更に向上する。尚、孔15aの位置に偏りを持たせるだけでなく、孔15aの孔径も異ならせる構成としてもよい。
図から明らかなように、図4のリング部材を用いた方が図3のリング部材を用いた場合に比べて、リング部材15の下方に大きな渦が生成され、液体還元剤の拡散、混合が良好であることが分かる。
8 折返部
8a 折返部壁面
9 上流側排気流通路
10 下流側排気流通路
12 噴射ノズル
13 NOx還元触媒
15 リング部材
15a 孔
Claims (3)
- 内部の排気流通路に折返部を有し、前記折返部より上流側の排気流通路に配置され液体還元剤を噴射供給する噴射ノズルと、前記折返部より下流側の排気流通路に配置され窒素酸化物を液体還元剤により還元浄化する還元触媒と、を少なくとも備えて構成した排気浄化機能付き消音装置において、
前記上流側排気流通路から前記折返部に流入する排気を、当該排気の流れ方向と略平行な折返部壁面方向に案内し渦流を生成して前記液体還元剤を拡散する拡散手段を設け、該拡散手段は、周方向に沿って複数の開口部を設けたリング部材であって、前記折返部に流入する排気を、前記開口部を介して前記折返部壁面方向に案内する構成としたことを特徴とする排気浄化機能付き消音装置。 - 前記複数の開口部を、前記リング部材の周方向において偏りを持たせて形成する構成とした請求項1に記載の排気浄化機能付き消音装置。
- 前記噴射ノズルの上流側に一酸化窒素を二酸化窒素へと酸化させる酸化触媒を備え、前記還元触媒の下流側に、当該還元触媒を通過した液体還元剤を酸化浄化する還元剤酸化触媒を備える請求項1又は2に記載の排気浄化機能付き消音装置。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004089912A JP3715981B2 (ja) | 2004-03-25 | 2004-03-25 | 排気浄化機能付き消音装置 |
ES05720799T ES2571781T3 (es) | 2004-03-25 | 2005-03-15 | Dispositivo silenciador con función de purificación de gases de escape |
EP05720799.5A EP1736645B1 (en) | 2004-03-25 | 2005-03-15 | Muffler device with exhaust gas purifying function |
PCT/JP2005/004542 WO2005098211A1 (ja) | 2004-03-25 | 2005-03-15 | 排気浄化機能付き消音装置 |
CNB2005800096573A CN100504047C (zh) | 2004-03-25 | 2005-03-15 | 带排气净化功能的消声装置 |
US11/525,077 US7430855B2 (en) | 2004-03-25 | 2006-09-22 | Muffling apparatus having exhaust emission purifying function |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004089912A JP3715981B2 (ja) | 2004-03-25 | 2004-03-25 | 排気浄化機能付き消音装置 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2005273580A JP2005273580A (ja) | 2005-10-06 |
JP3715981B2 true JP3715981B2 (ja) | 2005-11-16 |
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ID=35125140
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004089912A Expired - Fee Related JP3715981B2 (ja) | 2004-03-25 | 2004-03-25 | 排気浄化機能付き消音装置 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7430855B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1736645B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3715981B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100504047C (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2571781T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005098211A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100974589B1 (ko) | 2008-08-21 | 2010-08-06 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 머플러 및 이를 구비한 배기 장치 |
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JP4886547B2 (ja) * | 2007-02-23 | 2012-02-29 | 日野自動車株式会社 | 排気浄化装置 |
JP2008261279A (ja) * | 2007-04-12 | 2008-10-30 | Nissan Diesel Motor Co Ltd | 排気浄化機能付き消音装置 |
JP5132187B2 (ja) * | 2007-05-18 | 2013-01-30 | Udトラックス株式会社 | 排気浄化装置 |
JP5046332B2 (ja) * | 2007-07-30 | 2012-10-10 | ボッシュ株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP5099684B2 (ja) | 2007-08-06 | 2012-12-19 | ボッシュ株式会社 | 排気浄化装置 |
JP4928380B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-08 | 2012-05-09 | 日野自動車株式会社 | 排気浄化装置 |
JP4928398B2 (ja) * | 2007-09-20 | 2012-05-09 | 日野自動車株式会社 | 排気浄化装置 |
DE102007062662A1 (de) * | 2007-12-24 | 2009-06-25 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Schiebesitz und Abgasbehandlungseinrichtung |
JP5180656B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-07 | 2013-04-10 | 三菱ふそうトラック・バス株式会社 | エンジンの排気浄化装置 |
JP2010101236A (ja) * | 2008-10-23 | 2010-05-06 | Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
DE102009014433A1 (de) | 2009-03-26 | 2010-09-30 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Abgasbehandlungseinrichtung |
DE102009014435A1 (de) | 2009-03-26 | 2010-10-14 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Abgasbehandlungseinrichtung |
US8294858B2 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2012-10-23 | Intel Corporation | Integrated photovoltaic cell for display device |
US8460610B2 (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2013-06-11 | Caterpillar Inc. | Canister aftertreatment module |
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2004
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- 2005-03-15 EP EP05720799.5A patent/EP1736645B1/en active Active
- 2005-03-15 ES ES05720799T patent/ES2571781T3/es active Active
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KR100974589B1 (ko) | 2008-08-21 | 2010-08-06 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 머플러 및 이를 구비한 배기 장치 |
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EP1736645A4 (en) | 2010-09-01 |
CN1938501A (zh) | 2007-03-28 |
JP2005273580A (ja) | 2005-10-06 |
EP1736645B1 (en) | 2016-03-09 |
EP1736645A1 (en) | 2006-12-27 |
CN100504047C (zh) | 2009-06-24 |
US20070012035A1 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
ES2571781T3 (es) | 2016-05-26 |
WO2005098211A1 (ja) | 2005-10-20 |
US7430855B2 (en) | 2008-10-07 |
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