CN1938501A - 带排气净化功能的消声装置 - Google Patents

带排气净化功能的消声装置 Download PDF

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CN1938501A
CN1938501A CNA2005800096573A CN200580009657A CN1938501A CN 1938501 A CN1938501 A CN 1938501A CN A2005800096573 A CNA2005800096573 A CN A2005800096573A CN 200580009657 A CN200580009657 A CN 200580009657A CN 1938501 A CN1938501 A CN 1938501A
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exhaust
reflex part
silencer
air path
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CN100504047C (zh
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雨宫智子
望月武文
金谷勇
白井大辅
平本均
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UD Trucks Corp
Tokyo Roki Co Ltd
Volvo Truck Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/084Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling the gases flowing through the silencer two or more times longitudinally in opposite directions, e.g. using parallel or concentric tubes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/089Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling using two or more expansion chambers in series
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F01N3/2885Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with exhaust silencers in a single housing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/04Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using kinetic energy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2230/00Combination of silencers and other devices
    • F01N2230/04Catalytic converters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/08Adding substances to exhaust gases with prior mixing of the substances with a gas, e.g. air
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
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Abstract

本发明提供一种带排气净化功能的消声装置(1),在内部的排气流通路上具有折回部(8),并至少具有喷射喷嘴(12)和还原催化剂(13),该喷射喷嘴(12)用于喷射供给液体还原剂,配置于比上述折回部(8)更靠上游侧的排气流通路(9)中;该还原催化剂(13)配置于比上述折回部更靠下游侧的排气流通路(10)上,由液体还原剂对氮氧化物进行还原净化,设有在上述折回部(8)的铅直面上生成涡流来使上述液体还原剂扩散的扩散部件(15)。

Description

带排气净化功能的消声装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有使用液体还原剂和还原催化剂来降低排气中的NOx、净化排气的排气净化功能的消声装置,特别是涉及提高具有在内部强制使排气流动方向折回的结构的带排气净化功能的消声装置的NOx降低性能的技术。
背景技术
作为除去发动机的排气中所含有的NOx的排气净化系统,提出有这样的排气净化装置(例如,参照专利文献1):通过向配设于发动机排气系统的还原催化剂的上游喷射供给液体还原剂,使排气中的NOx与还原剂发生催化反应,将NOx净化处理为无害成分。
为了将这样的排气净化装置搭载于像拖拉机那样的车身长较短、排气管长度受限制的车辆上,开发出将排气净化装置组装入内部的带排气净化功能的消声装置。
专利文献1:日本特开2000-27627号公报
发明内容
然而,作为搭载于像拖拉机那样的排气管的长度受限制的车辆上的消声装置有这样的结构:在内部的排气流通路上设置强制使排气气流折回的折回部,将流入的排气引导到比折回部更靠上游侧的排气流通路后,由折回部强制使其折回,将该排气引导到下游侧的排气流通路而排出。在上述的排气净化装置中,为了提高还原催化剂的NOx净化率,需要使液体还原剂在到达还原催化剂前的期间在排气中充分扩散及混合,所以需要在液体还原剂的喷射喷嘴和还原催化剂之间设置一定距离。为此,将上述排气净化装置组装到上述的具有设有折回部结构的消声装置时,最好在上游侧排气流通路上配置液体还原剂的喷射喷嘴,在下游侧排气流通路上配置还原催化剂。
然而,在设有折回部结构的消声装置中,由于是在折回部强制改变排气流动方向的结构,排气气流会偏向一方。为此,流入还原催化剂的排气气流偏向一方,液体还原剂以不均匀分布的状态流入还原催化剂,则可能导致不能充分发挥NOx净化能力。
另外,使从排气流通路壁面突出到通路内的液体还原剂的喷射喷嘴延伸成使得喷口位于排气流通路中心,则可使液体还原剂较均匀地分布在排气中。但是,由于喷射喷嘴的支承结构是悬臂支承结构,所以可能由车身振动等导致喷射喷嘴损坏,并且热容量变大,可能导致液体还原剂因排气热而堆积在喷射喷嘴内壁堵塞喷嘴。
本发明是为解决上述问题点而做出的,目的在于通过使排气气流在折回部产生涡流来促进液体还原剂的扩散,从而提高具有强制使排气气流折回的结构的带排气净化功能的消声装置的NOx净化性能。
为此,本发明的带排气净化功能的消声装置,在内部的排气流通路上具有折回部,并至少具有喷射喷嘴和还原催化剂,该喷射喷嘴用于喷射供给液体还原剂,配置于比上述折回部更靠上游侧的排气流通路中;该还原催化剂配置于比上述折回部更靠下游侧的排气流通路中,由液体还原剂对氮氧化物进行还原净化,其特征在于,设有在上述折回部使排气气流生成铅直方向涡流来使上述液体还原剂扩散的扩散部件。
此外,在本发明中,上述扩散部件将从上述上游侧排气流通路流入上述折回部的排气引导向与该排气的流动方向大致平行的折回部壁面方向。
此外,在本发明中,上述扩散部件是沿周向设有多个开口部的环部件,通过上述开口部将流入上述折回部的排气引导向上述折回部壁面方向。
此外,在本发明中,在上述环部件的周向上集中偏向一方地形成上述多个开口部。
此外,在本发明中,使上述多个开口部孔径不同地形成上述多个开口部。
此外,在本发明中,在上述喷射喷嘴的上游侧具有将一氧化氮氧化成二氧化氮的氧化催化剂,在上述还原催化剂的下游侧具有对通过了该还原催化剂的液体还原剂进行氧化净化的还原剂氧化催化剂。
如上所述,根据本发明,通过在折回部产生铅直方向的涡流,降低流入还原催化剂的排气的不均布,并促进液体还原剂向排气中的扩散,使排气中的液体还原剂的分布均匀,所以可提高还原催化剂的NOx净化效率,提高NOx净化性能。
此外,通过将形成在作为扩散部件的环部件上的多个开口部形成为在周向上偏置,则通过后的排气气流的流动方向产生偏转,因此更容易生成折回部的铅直方向的涡流,进一步促进液体还原剂在排气中的分布均匀化,可进一步提高NOx降低性能。
此外,通过在喷射喷嘴的上游侧的排气流通路上设置氧化催化剂,可以进一步提高NOx降低效果。此外,在该构成中,虽然喷射喷嘴与还原催化剂之间的距离更加缩短了,但通过设置扩散部件,仍可使液体还原剂充分扩散、混合。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的带排气净化功能的消声装置的一实施方式的内部结构的图。
图2是表示从图1的箭头A方向看到的排气流入部、排气排出部、喷射喷嘴、上游侧排气流通路及下游侧排气流通路的位置关系的图。
图3是表示上述实施方式的环部件的图。
图4是表示环部件的另一例子的图。
图5表示涡流生成状态的模拟结果,(A)是表示使用图3的环部件时的图,(B)是表示使用图4的环部件时的图。
图6表示还原催化剂入口的液体还原剂的分布状态的模拟结果,(A)是表示没有扩散措施时的图,(B)是表示使用图3的环部件时的图,(C)是表示使用图4的环部件时的图。
附图中的附图标记说明:
1:消声装置;8:折回部;8a:折回部壁面;9:上游侧排气流通路;10:下游侧排气流通路;12:喷射喷嘴;13:NOx还原催化剂;15:环部件;15a:孔。
具体实施方式
以下,基于附图说明本发明的带排气净化功能的消声装置。
图1是表示本发明一实施方式的带排气净化功能的消声装置的内部结构的图。
在图1中,本实施方式的消声装置1,在壳体2的图中右侧侧面上设有排气流入部3,在该排气流入部3的图中前侧设有排气排出部4(图中用双点划线表示)。此外,在壳体2外周围设有用于将该消声装置1固定到车辆的适当位置处的安装凸缘部5。在壳体2的内部形成有:通过形成在排气流入部3上的许多的孔6而与排气流入部3连通的扩张室7、在与该扩张室7相反的一侧的侧面使排气气流折回的折回部8、使扩张室7与折回部8连通的上游侧排气流通路9、使折回部8与排气排出部4连通的下游侧排气流通路10。
在上游侧排气流通路9中分别配设有将排气中的NO氧化成NO2的氧化催化剂11、和向该氧化催化剂11的下游侧喷射供给例如尿素水溶液等的液体还原剂的喷射喷嘴12。如图2所示,上述喷射喷嘴12从通路壁朝向通路中心部突出设置,其喷口12a位于比通路中心位置更靠图2中左侧。如此,通过缩短喷射喷嘴12的突出长度,来防止车辆振动等导致的破损,或抑制喷射喷嘴12的热容量来抑制尿素向喷嘴内壁堆积、防止喷嘴堵塞。此外,在下游侧排气流通路10中分别设有由液体还原剂对NOx进行还原净化的NOx还原催化剂13、和在该NOx还原催化剂13下游侧对通过了NOx还原催化剂13的液体还原剂进行氧化净化的还原剂氧化催化剂14。
另外,在折回部8的与上游侧排气流通路9连通的部分设有图3所示的环部件15,该环部件15作为在折回部8使排气气流生成铅直方向的涡流来使液体还原剂扩散的扩散部件。如图3所示,环部件15沿周向以等间隔具有多个作为开口部的孔15a,通过这些孔15a,将从上游侧排气流通路9流入到折回部8的排气引导向与该排气流动方向大致平行的折回部壁面8a方向。
图2是表示从图1的箭头A方向看到的排气流入部3、排气排出部4、喷射喷嘴12、上游侧排气流通路9及下游侧排气流通路10的位置关系的图。
如图1的箭头所示,在本实施方式的消声装置1中,从排气流入部3流入的排气通过孔6流入到扩张室7,依次流入上游侧排气流通路9、折回部8、下游侧排气流通路10,从排气排出部4排出。此时,在上游侧排气流通路9用氧化催化剂11将排气中的NO氧化成NO2后,从喷射喷嘴12向排气中喷射供给液体还原剂。含有液体还原剂的排气在折回部8从环部件15的孔15a向与来自上游侧排气流通路9的排气流动方向大致平行的折回部壁面8a喷射。由此,产生沿壁面8a的排气气流,在折回部8的环部件15下方,在与下游侧排气流通路10连通的部分生成铅直方向的涡流,使液体还原剂有效地扩散在排气中与排气混合,液体还原剂在排气中的分布状态变得均匀。因此,在下游侧排气流通路10液体还原剂均匀地流入到NOx还原催化剂13中。并且,在NOx还原催化剂13中用液体还原剂对排气中的NOx进行还原净化,用还原剂氧化催化剂14氧化净化残余的液体还原剂后,从排气排出部4将其排出。
根据这种构成的消声装置1,通过在从折回部8向下游侧排气流通路10的NOx还原催化剂13流动的排气气流生成涡流,则液体还原剂有效地扩散在排气中与排气混合,从而液体还原剂在排气中的分布状态变得均匀,液体还原剂均匀流入NOx还原催化剂13中。因此,可高效率地进行NOx还原催化剂13处的NOx的还原净化,提高NOx降低性能。
此外,由于设置氧化催化剂11、还原剂氧化催化剂14,而缩短了喷射喷嘴12和NOx还原催化剂13之间的距离,但通过环部件15的扩散作用,可以使液体还原剂充分地均匀分布,因此不存在问题。另外,氧化催化剂11及还原剂氧化催化剂14可根据需要设置。
环部件15不仅可如图3所示那样沿全周以等间隔设置孔15a,也可以如图4所示那样在环部件15的周向上集中偏向一方地形成孔15。此时,以使孔15a偏向与液体还原剂的喷射喷嘴12的安装位置一侧相反的一侧的方式在折回部8设置环部件15。由此,对从环部件15的孔15a喷射出的排气气流赋予方向性,与在全周以等间隔设置孔15a的情况相比,可以更有效地生成涡旋。因此,促进液体还原剂的扩散、混合作用,进一步使液体还原剂的分布均匀化,提高NOx还原催化剂13的NOx还原效率,进一步提高了NOx降低性能。另外,不仅可以构成为使孔15a的位置偏置,也可以构成为使孔15a的孔径不同。
在图5表示在同一运转状态下,比较分别在使用等间隔设置孔的图3的环部件的情况下、与使用使孔偏置的图4的环部件的情况下的涡旋的生成状态的模拟结果。图5(A)表示使用图3的环部件的情况,图5(B)表示使用图4的环部件的情况。
从图5可知,与使用图3的环部件的情况相比,使用图4的环部件的情况可在环部件15的下方生成较大的涡旋,液体还原剂的扩散、混合良好。
在图6表示在同一运转状态下,比较分别在没有扩散部件的情况、使用图3的扩散部件的情况及使用图4的扩散部件的情况下的NOx还原催化剂13入口处液体还原剂的分布状态的模拟结果。图6(A)表示没有扩散部件的情况,(B)表示使用图3的扩散部件的情况,(C)表示使用图4的扩散部件的情况。另外,图中密度大的部分是液体还原剂浓度高的部分。
从图6可知,与没有扩散部件的情况相比,使用作为扩散部件的环部件的情况,其液体还原剂的分布状态均匀。此外,即使使用了环部件,使用图4的环部件的情况下的液体还原剂的分布状态比使用图3的环部件的情况均匀。
产业上的可利用性
本发明可提高具有强制使排气气流折回的结构的带排气净化功能的消声装置的NOx净化能力,因此在产业上的可利用性较大。

Claims (6)

1.一种带排气净化功能的消声装置,在内部的排气流通路上具有折回部,并至少具有喷射喷嘴和还原催化剂,该喷射喷嘴用于喷射供给液体还原剂,配置于比上述折回部更靠上游侧的排气流通路中;该还原催化剂配置于比上述折回部更靠下游侧的排气流通路中,由液体还原剂对氮氧化物进行还原净化,其特征在于,
设有在上述折回部的铅直面上生成涡流来使上述液体还原剂扩散的扩散部件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的带排气净化功能的消声装置,其特征在于,上述扩散部件是将从上述上游侧排气流通路流入上述折回部的排气引导向与该排气的流动方向大致平行的折回部壁面方向的结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的带排气净化功能的消声装置,其特征在于,上述扩散部件是沿周向设有多个开口部的环部件,通过上述开口部将流入上述折回部的排气引导向上述折回部壁面方向。
4.根据权利要求3所述的带排气净化功能的消声装置,其特征在于,在上述环部件的周向上集中偏向一方地形成上述多个开口部。
5.根据权利要求3所述的带排气净化功能的消声装置,其特征在于,使上述多个开口部孔径不同地形成上述多个开口部。
6.根据权利要求1所述的带排气净化功能的消声装置,其特征在于,在上述喷射喷嘴的上游侧具有将一氧化氮氧化成二氧化氮的氧化催化剂,在上述还原催化剂的下游侧具有对通过了该还原催化剂的液体还原剂进行氧化净化的还原剂氧化催化剂。
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